Armed forces of the Russian Federation VK. Armed forces of the Russian Federation: strength, structure, weapons. History of the Russian army

Fashion & Style

The main guarantor of the independence and inviolability of the borders of any state is its armed forces. Diplomacy and economic means are, of course, important (and effective) instruments of international politics, but only the country that is able to defend itself is viable. All political history humanity is proof of this thesis.

Armed forces Russian Federation(RF Armed Forces) are currently one of the largest in the world in terms of numbers. In ratings compiled by expert groups, the Russian army is usually in the top five, along with the armed forces of China, India, the United States and North Korea. The size of the Russian army is determined by decrees of the President of the country, who, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Currently (summer 2019), it is 1,885,371 people, including about 1 million military personnel. Today, the mobilization resource of our country is approximately 62 million people.

Russia is a nuclear state. Moreover, our country has one of the largest arsenals nuclear weapons, as well as perfect and numerous means of its delivery. The Russian Federation ensures a closed nuclear weapons production cycle.

Our country has one of the most developed military-industrial complexes in the world, the Russian military-industrial complex is able to provide the armed forces with almost the entire range of weapons, military equipment and ammunition from pistols to ballistic missiles. Moreover, Russia is one of the largest arms exporters in the world: in 2017 Russian weapons was sold for 14 billion dollars.

The armed forces of the Russian Federation were created on May 7, 1992 on the basis of units of the USSR Armed Forces, but history Russian army much longer and richer. It can be called the heiress not only of the armed forces of the USSR, but also of the Russian imperial army, which ceased to exist in 1917.

In our time, the acquisition of the Russian armed forces takes place according to mixed principle: both through conscription into the army, and on a contract basis. Modern state policy in the field of formation of the armed forces is aimed at increasing the number of professionals serving under the contract. At present, the entire sergeant staff of the RF Armed Forces is fully professional.

The annual budget of the Russian armed forces in 2019 was 3.287 trillion rubles. This is 5.4% of the country's total GDP.

Currently, the term of service in the Russian army on conscription is 12 months. Men between the ages of 18 and 27 can be drafted into the armed forces.

History of the Russian army

On July 14, 1990, the first Russian military department appeared. It was named " State Committee RSFSR on support and interaction with the Ministry of Defense and the KGB of the USSR. After the August coup in Moscow, the Ministry of Defense of the RSFSR was formed on the basis of the committee for a short time.

After the collapse of the USSR, the Joint Armed Forces of the CIS countries were formed, but this was a temporary measure: on May 7, 1992, the first Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree on the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Initially, the RF Armed Forces included all military units located on the territory of the country, as well as troops that were under Russian jurisdiction. Then their number was 2.88 million people. Almost immediately, the question of reforming the armed forces arose.

The 90s were difficult period for the Russian army. Chronic underfunding led to the fact that the best personnel left it, the purchase of new types of weapons practically ceased, many military factories were closed, and promising projects were stopped. Almost immediately after the creation of the Russian armed forces, plans appeared to completely transfer them to a contract basis, but the lack of funding for a long time did not allow moving in this direction.

In 1995, the first Chechen campaign began, which demonstrated the catastrophic situation of the Russian army. The troops were understrength fighting showed serious deficiencies in their management.

In 2008, the RF Armed Forces took part in the conflict in South Ossetia. He opened a large number of shortcomings and problems of the modern Russian army. The most serious of these were low troop mobility and poor handling. After the end of the conflict, the start of a military reform was announced, which was supposed to significantly increase the mobility of the Armed Forces units and increase the coordination of their joint actions. The result of the reform was a reduction in the number of military districts (four instead of six), a simplification of the ground forces command and control system, and a significant increase in the army budget.

All this made it possible to speed up the entry of new military equipment into the troops, to attract a larger number of contract professionals, and to increase the intensity of combat training of units.

In the same period, regiments and divisions began to be reorganized into brigades. True, in 2013 the reverse process began: regiments and divisions began to form again.

In 2014, the Russian army played a key role in the return of Crimea. In September 2019, the operation of the Russian Armed Forces in Syria began, which continues to the present.

The structure of the Russian army

According to the Russian Constitution, the overall leadership of the Russian armed forces is carried out by the Supreme Commander, who is the President of the country. He heads and forms the Security Council of the Russian Federation, whose tasks include the development of military doctrine and the appointment of the top leadership of the armed forces. The President of the country signs decrees on urgent conscription for military service and the transfer to the reserve of military personnel, claims various international documents in the field of defense and military cooperation.

The direct control of the armed forces is carried out by the Ministry of Defense. Its main task is to carry out public policy in the field of defense, maintaining the constant readiness of the Armed Forces, developing the military potential of the state, solving a wide range of social issues, holding events for interstate cooperation in the military sphere.

Currently (since 2012), the Minister of Defense of Russia is General of the Army Sergei Shoigu.

The operational command of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is carried out by the General Staff of the country. His chief at the moment is General of the Army Valery Gerasimov.

The General Staff conducts strategic planning for the use of the armed forces, as well as other law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation. This body is also involved in the operational and mobilization training of the Russian army. If necessary, it is under the leadership of the General Staff that the mobilization deployment of the RF Armed Forces takes place.

Now the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include three types of troops:

Also an integral part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are the following types of troops:

Special Troops.

The most numerous are the Ground Forces, they include the following types of troops:

tank;
Air Defense Forces;
Special Troops.

The ground forces are the backbone of the modern Russian army, they are the ones who carry out ground operations, seize territories and inflict the main damage on the enemy.

The Aerospace Forces are the youngest type of troops in the Russian army. The decree on their formation was issued on August 1, 2015. The VKS were created on the basis of the Russian Air Force.

The VKS includes the Air Force, consisting of army, front-line, long-range and military transport aviation. In addition, an integral part of the Air Force are anti-aircraft missile forces and radio engineering troops.

Another branch of the military, which is part of the VKS, is the air defense and anti-missile defense forces. Their task is to warn of a missile attack, control the orbital constellation of satellites, missile defense Russian capital, spacecraft launch, testing various kinds rocket and aviation technology. The structure of these troops includes two cosmodromes: "Plesetsk" and "Baikonur".

Another component of the Air Force is the Space Force.

The navy is a branch of the armed forces that can conduct operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war. It is capable of inflicting nuclear and conventional strikes on enemy sea and land targets, landing troops on the coast, protecting the country's economic interests, and conducting search and rescue operations.

The composition of the Russian Navy includes surface, submarine forces, naval aviation, coastal troops and units special purpose. The submarine forces of the Russian Navy can carry out strategic tasks, they are armed with submarine missile carriers with ballistic nuclear missiles.

Part coastal troops includes parts marines and missile and artillery coastal troops.

The Russian Navy includes four fleets: the Pacific, Black Sea, Baltic and Northern fleets, as well as the Caspian flotilla.

A separate type of troops are Rocket troops strategic purpose is the main component of Russia's nuclear forces. The Strategic Missile Forces is an instrument of global deterrence; it is a guarantee of a retaliatory strike in the event of a nuclear attack on our country. The main weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces are strategic intercontinental missiles with a mobile and silo-based nuclear warhead.

The Strategic Missile Forces include three missile armies (with headquarters in Omsk, Vladimir and Orenburg), the Kapustin Yar test site, research and educational institutions.

The airborne troops also belong to a separate branch of the military and are the reserve of the Commander-in-Chief. The first airborne units were formed in the USSR in the early 1930s. This branch of service has always been considered the elite of the army, it remains so to this day.

The composition of the Airborne Forces includes airborne and airborne assault units: divisions, brigades and separate units. The main purpose of the paratroopers is to conduct combat operations behind enemy lines. Today, the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation include five divisions, five brigades and a separate communications regiment, as well as specialized educational institutions and training centers.

The RF Armed Forces also include special troops. This name refers to a set of units that ensure the normal functioning of ground forces, VKS and Navy. Special troops include railway troops, medical service, road and pipeline troops, topographic service. This type of troops also includes special units of the GRU.

Territorial division of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Currently, the territory of Russia is divided into four military districts: Western (headquarters in St. Petersburg), Central (headquarters in Yekaterinburg), Southern (Rostov-on-Don) and Eastern with headquarters in Khabarovsk.

In 2014, the formation of a new military structure- strategic command "North", whose task is to protect Russian state interests in the Arctic. In fact, this is another military district created on the basis of the Northern Fleet. It has land, air and naval components.

Armament of the Russian army

Most of the types of weapons and military equipment currently used by the Russian army were developed and manufactured back in Soviet period. Tanks T-72, T-80, BTR-80, BMP-1, BMP-2 and BMP-3, BMD-1, BMD-2 and BMD-3 - all this was inherited by the Russian army from the USSR. The situation is similar with cannon and rocket artillery (MLRS Grad, Uragan, Smerch) and aviation (MiG-29, Su-27, Su-25 and Su-24). It cannot be said that this technique is catastrophically outdated, it can be used in local conflicts against not very strong opponents. In addition, so many weapons and military equipment were produced in the USSR (63 thousand tanks, 86 thousand infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers) that they can be used for many more years.

However, this technique is already significantly inferior to the latest analogues adopted by the armies of the United States, China and Western Europe.

From about the middle of the last decade, new models of military equipment began to enter the arsenal of the Russian army. Today, the process of rearmament is actively going on in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Examples include the T-90 and T-14 Armata tanks, the Kurganets infantry fighting vehicle, combat vehicle landing BMD-3, BTR-82, MLRS "Tornado-G" and "Tornado-S", tactical missile system"Iskander", the latest modifications of the Buk, Thor and Pantsir air defense systems. There is an active renewal of the aircraft fleet (Su-35, Su-30, Su-34). The fifth-generation Russian fighter PAK FA is being tested.

Currently, significant funds are being invested in the re-equipment of Russian strategic forces. Old missile systems, created back in the USSR, are gradually being taken off duty and replaced with new ones. New missiles are being developed (such as the Sarmat). Submarines-missile carriers of the fourth generation of the Borey project have been put into service. For them, a new Bulava missile system was developed.

The Russian Navy is also being re-equipped. According to the state program for the development of weapons (2011-2020), the Russian Navy should include ten new nuclear submarines (both missile and multi-purpose), twenty diesel submarines (Varshavyanka and Lada projects), fourteen frigates ( projects 2230 and 13356) and more than fifty corvettes of various projects.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

The decoding of the abbreviation “VKS”, which has recently appeared in the media, is known to almost everyone: “Aerospace Forces”. The Russian Aerospace Forces were formed in 2019. However, the prerequisites for the formation of these forces were outlined in the second half of 2008. Forcing Georgia to peace forced the command of the Russian armed forces to completely revise the structure of the Russian Air Force, which in practice turned out to be obsolete and imperfect.

The current state of the Russian Aerospace Forces

After August 1, 2015, as a result of the merger of the VVS and VKO, the the new kind armed forces- Russian Aerospace Forces. The commander of the Aerospace Forces was General Viktor Bondarev, who repeatedly participated in various military conflicts, Hero of the Russian Federation and Honored Pilot of the Russian Federation.

The creation of the Aerospace Forces made it possible to concentrate all funds air defense countries - Air Force and Air Defense Forces, having latest equipment, — in a single structure.

Air force today

The Air Force of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation performs the following tasks:

reconnaissance of the situation in the air and space;
Detection of the beginning of hostilities against the country in aerospace. After detection, the aerospace forces must notify the authorities, and using all available weapons, repel the attack;
Protection of important and strategic objects of management and economic regions of the country. In addition to defense, aerospace forces must strike at enemy strategic targets;
Air support for other types of troops.

In addition to hostilities, the Russian Aerospace Forces must ensure the launch of vehicles into space and control them using the latest equipment.

Prospects for the modernization of the Air Force

Main Headquarters space defense stated that in the coming years, the aerospace forces will be understaffed with more than a hundred units of new aircraft, mainly for military purposes. This statement was made after the MAKS-2017 aerospace show. According to General Bondarev, Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces, the tasks of updating the air fleet are being solved at an accelerated pace, and by 2019 it is planned to increase the combat capability of the Aerospace Forces aviation to 95 percent.

In addition to income new technology to military units, overhaul and modernization of older aircraft and helicopters is expected. Bondarenko emphasized that the equipment of the Russian Aerospace Forces is in no way inferior to the air fleets of world powers.

When asked if the Aerospace Forces will receive increased funding and what is the general course of the state armament program until 2025, the general replied that there would be more than enough funds for the equipment and tasks of the Aerospace Forces. There was also a phrase that by 2025 80-90 percent of combat aviation will be latest models technology.

Air Force tactical level today

Today, the Air Force fleet contains more than 3,800 aircraft, 1,400 helicopters of various types and has the latest equipment, some models of which have no equal in the world. Given the total number of aircraft, it is not easy to believe that in 7 years it will be possible to replace more than 80 percent of it. Such colossal spending is beyond the power of even the NATO army. Although observing the renewal trend, which has been clearly seen since 2011, it should be recognized that every year the VKS department purchases hundreds of military units of equipment.

According to the information service of the VKS, each Training Center training pilots will receive in 2019 new Sr-10 training aircraft. They will be used in pilot training along with the Yak-152 and Yak-130. Since the Air Force in the coming years should receive many latest fighters and bombers, there is no need to worry about the security of the country's airspace.

Problems of import substitution and ways to solve them

In the recent past, most helicopter engines were supplied to Russia from Ukraine. However, as a result of the aggravation of the situation and the change of power in Ukraine, these deliveries almost completely stopped. As a result of the enormous work done by the United Engine Corporation, this problem was solved in just three years. Now the production of helicopter engines has been established in Russia. The rapid increase in production capacity made it possible to supply the entire Russian helicopter industry.

A similar situation arose with the production of engines for cruise missiles. Fast reaction Russian designers made it possible to solve this problem.

Unfortunately, not all problems with import substitution have been successfully solved. The military transport aviation of the Aerospace Forces was left without aircraft of the AN series. After the change of power in Ukraine, the joint program was curtailed, and there are no Russian analogues of the AN series military transport aircraft yet.

Introduction

Appointment and composition of the Armed Forces

Structure of the Russian Armed Forces
Types and types of troops of the Russian Armed Forces
Combat readiness of the Russian Armed Forces

6. Conclusion

OBJ teacher

Kovalev Alexander Prokofievich

Secondary School No. 2

Mozdok

The Russian Armed Forces is a state military organization that forms the basis of the country's defense.

They are designed to repel aggression against the state, armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of the territory of Russia and its allies, the implementation peacekeeping as independence, both independently and as part of international organizations.

The tasks facing the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation can be structured according to four main areas:

Deterrence of military and military-political threats to the security or interests of the Russian Federation.

Ensuring the economic and political interests of Russia.

Implementation of military operations in peacetime.

Application military force to ensure the security of the Russian Federation.

Special Role

Russian Armed Forces

1. Appointment

(tasks)

2. System

management

President of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the RF Armed Forces

Protection national interests Russia

3. Status

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - power department

The peculiarities of the development of the military-political situation in the world make it possible for the fulfillment of one task to grow into another, since the most problematic points of view of the security of the Russian Federation, military-political situations, are of a complex and multiplanned nature.

Today, one of the priorities in the development of the Russian Armed Forces is still the preservation of the potential of the strategic deterrence forces.

The main goal of the Russian policy in this area is to prevent any kind of forceful pressure and aggression against Russia or its allies, and in the event of its unleashing, to guarantee the protection of its sovereignty, territorial integrity and other vital national interests of the state.

This policy of the Russian Federation in the field of strategic deterrence is the core of the entire system national security country and is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the current Russian legislation.

In accordance with the main provisions of the military doctrine of Russia, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation can also use to counter internal sources military threats and to assist the population of the country in the aftermath of accidents, catastrophes and natural disasters.

The leadership of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is carried out by the President of the Russian Federation - the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are controlled by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central bodies of military control, associations, formations, military units and organizations that are part of the types and types of troops of the Armed Forces, in the Logistics of the Armed Forces and special troops that are not related to the types and types of troops.

President of the Russian Federation

Commander-in-Chief of the RF Armed Forces

Minister of Defense

General Staff of the RF Armed Forces

Ministry

defense

management,

departments

management,

departments

Types of troops

armed forces

Kinds

armed forces

Rod SV

Ground troops

Strategic Missile Forces

Air force

strength

Space

troops

Types of the Air Force

Navy

Types of the Navy

Type of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation- it's theirs component, different special weapons and designed to carry out the tasks assigned to them.

The types of the Armed Forces include: Ground Forces, Air Force(Air Force), Navy (Navy).

Type of army- part of the service of the Armed Forces, which is distinguished by its main armament, technical equipment, organized structure, the nature of training and the ability to perform specific combat missions for interaction with other branches of the armed forces.

The branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include: space troops, Strategic Rocket Forces, Airborne Troops.

Special Troops serve to provide the types and branches of troops and assist them in the performance of combat missions.

These include: engineering troops, chemical troops, radio engineering troops, signal troops, automobile troops, road troops and a number of other .

Military district- is a territorial combined-arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces.

A military district, as a rule, covers the territory of several subjects of the Russian Federation.

Fleet is the highest operating group Navy. Commanders of districts and fleets direct their troops (forces) through headquarters subordinate to them.

Associations- this is military units, including several connections or associations of a smaller scale, as well as parts and institutions, The association includes an army, a flotilla, as well as a military district - a territorial combined arms association and a fleet - a naval association.

connections are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various branches of troops (forces), special branches of troops (services), as well as units (subdivisions) of support and maintenance.

Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other equivalent military formations.

Military Unit- an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Military units include all regiments, ships of 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, separate battalions (divisions, squadrons) as well as separate companies not included in the battalions and regiments.

shelves, separate battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and the ships of the Navy - the Naval Ensign.

To institutions The Ministries of Defense include such structures for ensuring the vital activity of the Armed Forces, such as military medical institutions, Officers' Houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest houses, camp sites, etc.

to military schools include military academies, military universities, military institutes and their branches, Suvorov schools, the Nakhimov Naval School, the Moscow Military Music School and cadet corps.

Part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation may be part of the joint Armed Forces or be under joint command in accordance with international treaties Russian Federation (for example, as part of the UN peacekeeping forces or the CIS collective peacekeeping forces in zones of local military conflicts).

The military organization of the state, the basis of which is the Armed Forces, their composition, condition, strength, depend on the degree and nature of existing and prospective threats, on the state of the country's economy, on the readiness and political will of the leaders of the state to pursue a particular policy, including elements of sovereignty countries.

combat readiness Armed Forces this is a multifaceted element of the existence of any army, and cannot concentrate all efforts on the implementation of one not the most important element.

This is a costly way of maintaining not only the army, but also the existence of the country as a whole, and the imitation of this element makes it possible to incorrectly formulate conclusions from the current situation and the nature of threats, which can lead to inadequate results for the existence of the country as a whole.

The combat readiness of the Armed Forces implies the state of the entire military organism, which allows it to carry out the transfer of structural elements from peacetime to martial law in a timely manner.

Combat readiness should include formations of constant combat readiness, reserve formations of reduced strength, mobilization formations of the personnel.

In addition, the RF Armed Forces must carry out peacekeeping operations- independently and as part of multinational contingents.

In the event of an aggravation of the military-political and military-strategic situation, the RF Armed Forces must ensure the strategic deployment of troops and contain the aggravation of the situation at the expense of strategic deterrence forces and forces of constant readiness.

Tasks of the Armed Forces in war time– cash forces to repel an aerospace attack of the enemy.

In peacetime and emergency situations The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, together with other troops, must be ready to repel an attack and defeat an aggressor, to conduct both defensive and offensive active operations in any variant of unleashing and waging wars (armed conflicts).

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must be able to successfully solve tasks simultaneously in two armed conflicts without carrying out additional mobilization measures.

In addition, the RF Armed Forces must carry out peacekeeping operations - independently and as part of multinational contingents

Homework

§ 13 pp. 63-69