Air Defense Division of the Aerospace Defense Forces
Training centers
air defense troops
ground forces
106 training center (air defense troops
Ground Forces named after the Hero of the Soviet Union
Marshal of Artillery V. I. Kazakov)
From the moment the Krug anti-aircraft missile system was adopted by the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces in 1964, it became necessary to train specialists capable of implementing it efficiently and with high efficiency. combat capabilities. To solve this problem on the basis of the Directive
of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR in 1965 in the city of Orenburg, the formation of a training anti-aircraft missile center of the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces began, which was given the name "Military Unit 40265".
The formation of the training center was completed on July 20, 1965. To commemorate this event, by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR,
part day - 20 July.
Colonel A. I. Dunaev was appointed the first head of the training center, who in 1967 was awarded the military rank of Major General.
Kileev Dmitry Alexandrovich
head of 106 educational
colonel
His deputies were Colonels I. M. Pospelov, P. I. Gubin, V. I. Vodolazhenko and Lieutenant Colonel A. I. Shaikin.
Colonels V.N. Somov and V.V. Branitsky became the chiefs of cycles, and Lieutenant Colonel P.I. Mikhailov became the head of the school for sergeants. These officers were at the origins of the creation of the training center.
The most active part in the formation of the training center was taken by front-line officers who arrived from the Bogodukhov training anti-aircraft missile center of the Kyiv military district.
Thanks to their knowledge, combat experience and initiative in the shortest
timeline has been set up
educational and material base, trained personnel and formed a military team.
106th Training Center (Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces)
Heads of the 106th training center of the air defense troops
In 1989 for combat use The S-300 V air defense system in the training center began to retrain officers and warrant officers. In 1992, the training center began training junior specialists for the Tor air defense system and the Osa air defense system.
In 1993, the training of ensigns for our branch of service began at the training center. In January 1997, the training center began training foreign military specialists, which is successfully continuing at the present time.
In 1998, the training center began training junior specialists for the Buk air defense system and its modifications. In the second half of 2008, teachers from the disbanded
Orenburg Anti-Aircraft Missile School: Reserve Colonel A. K. Detkin, Reserve Lieutenant Colonel V. A. Piunov,
Candidates of Technical Sciences Lieutenant Colonel R. R. Grigoriev, Major R. R. Grigoriev, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences Lieutenant Colonel D. G. Alexandrov, teachers Lieutenant Colonel A. A. Kosvintsev, Major V. A. Starukhin. These specialists have significantly raised the level of methodological training of the teaching staff.
In the course of ongoing reforms in the Armed Forces Russian Federation in October 2012, the training center became part of the 473 interspecific district training center of the Central Military District.
Since May 1, 2013, on the basis of the directive of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation 106, the Air Defense Forces Training Center has been reorganized into a separate military unit. In 2013, the training center carried out repair activities
and equipment of the educational and material base of the training center.
July 1, 2014 106 training center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces) included in the military units subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces. Over the 50 years of the existence of the training center, 58 anti-aircraft missile brigades and 10 anti-aircraft missile regiments have been retrained, more than 66 thousand cadets of the school of junior specialists (training division), about 1000 ensigns, more than 20 groups of foreign military specialists have been trained.
To date, the modern educational and material base of the center allows solving the problems of training and retraining specialists for S-300 V4 air defense systems, Buk-M1-2 air defense systems, Buk-M2 air defense systems, Tor-M1 air defense systems, MANPADS, radar stations of the old fleet and driver mechanics.
The training center annually participates in regional competitions - the Army Games of the Orenburg garrison. In 2013, the training center won first place in these games. In 2014, the center took an honorable second place in the XVI Army Games of the Orenburg garrison.
In 2014, the center represented the Ground Forces in the third final stage of the All-Army Spartakiad in military applied sports, taking first place in the military all-around.
On September 10, 2015, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 452, the training center was given the honorary name "named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Marshal of Artillery V. I. Kazakov."
726 training center (air defense troops
Defense of the Ground Forces)
The 726th training center for the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces was formed on November 1, 1992 in the city of Yeisk, Krasnodar Territory. Thus began the history of the educational
center, which is inextricably linked with the development of the air defense forces of the SV. A great merit and role in the formation and development of the training center belongs to Colonel-General B. I. Dukhov, who successfully led the troops from 1991 to 2000, a man obsessed and completely faithful to his kind of troops.
The formation and development of the training center took place on the funds of the 4770th base for storing equipment weapons (air defense troops) and 181 training ground (anti-aircraft artillery) of the North Caucasian Military District under the leadership of Colonel R. Sh. Kasimov, who arrived to serve as chief of staff of the training center from the 285 training center of the Air Defense Forces in the city of Mary (Turkmenistan). Deeply delving into all aspects of the life and activities of the educational institution, he passed on his knowledge and experience in the training of anti-aircraft gunners.
Complex and multifaceted tasks faced the staff of the training center in the period of its formation. It was necessary to create a classroom and field material base for the successful organization of the educational process, convert unheated storage facilities for weapons and equipment into educational buildings with comfortable classrooms, create and equip parks for equipment and weapons, build housing for families of military personnel and foreign military specialists. These tasks were solved under the leadership of colonels
A. I. Motria, N. A. Shkerlich, V. A. Zaitsev, A. N. Vovchenko and many
others who stood at the origins of the formation of the training center.
Grishkov Sergey Anatolievich
head of 726 training
center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces),
colonel
In this great work, the staff of the training center rallied. The core of the teaching staff at the time of the creation of the center was formed by officers of the 258th training center of the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces, lieutenant colonels N. A. Nechunaev, V. A. Lipetsky, A. L. Dubljakov, A. G. Bushkov, majors A. V. Pronin, S. P. Bezprozvanny, V. I. Lantushko, E. A. Domoretsky.
They laid the foundation for the work of teaching officers, preserving the principles and traditions of military pedagogical activity.
Colonel L. V. Baklitsky was appointed the first head of the training center in 1993. Thanks to his talent and organizational skills, skillful reliance on the creativity and initiative of his subordinates, he was able to quickly create a unique educational material and technical base for the education and training of specialists for the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces, to delve into all aspects of the life and activities of the educational institution.
726th Training Center (Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces)
In 1993, on the basis of the 726th training center, experimental live firing of the Tunguska air defense missile system was carried out with the participation of officers from the 167th training center (the city of Emba). In 1995, at the training ground of the training center, tests of the Beaver target complex were carried out and a study was made of the capabilities of the Tunguska air defense missile system, the Strela-10 air defense missile system, and the Igla MANPADS for firing at it. In 1996, the officers of the training center took an active part in the first stage of state tests of the ACS system by the tactical air defense group "Tangent" and in the performance of experimental firing of the "Igla" MANPADS
at night.
Since 1995, the training of foreign military personnel has begun at the training center. AT different time more than 10 air defense specialists were trained foreign states, in particular Eritrea, India, South Korea,
Armenia, Malaysia, Morocco, Egypt, Sudan and others.
From 1997 to 2002, the training center was commanded by the candidate of military sciences, Colonel V. I. Kozyr, whose businesslike attitude, creativity and initiative made it possible to improve the life of personnel and improve the quality of training of military specialists.
In 2000, prototypes of anti-aircraft weapons (Tunguska-M1, Shilka-M4, ZU-23M, ZUR 9M333) were tested at the training center with demonstration live firing for foreign military delegations.
In 2002, the teachers of the training center developed a methodology for performing live firing at the Saman, Beaver and Phalanx targets. Starting this year, live-fire exercises have been held at the anti-aircraft missile and artillery range of the center as part of an anti-aircraft division. A methodology for the application of methods for protecting helicopters has been developed and tested army aviation from the defeat of MANPADS in the performance of combat missions during the counter-terrorist operation in the Chechen Republic.
The simulators "Kupol" and "Multivibrator" were tested for training MANPADS anti-aircraft gunners.
From 2002 to 2008, the training center was commanded by Colonel A. A. Korolev, an experienced leader with high organizational skills. Under his leadership, a training base was created at the training center for the training of specialists from the Buk air defense system, the Tor air defense system, the Osa air defense system, the Tunguska-M1 air defense missile system, the Assembly PPRU-M1;
the educational and material base of the school of junior specialists has been improved. Promising training aids have been widely introduced into the educational process.
In 2004, the main efforts of the center's staff were aimed at creation a classroom educational and material base for training specialists of the Buk M1-2 air defense system and testing the 9F635M simulator complex.
In 2005, the training center successfully completed the tasks of providing operational-special training, conducted by the head military air defense Colonel General N. A. Frolov. In the same year, in the process of training troops, the methodology developed at the training center for conducting tactical exercises with the performance of tasks on the tactical firing line was introduced and tested.
In 2007, the first retraining of a group of foreign military specialists (Arab Republic of Egypt) was carried out on the air defense system medium range"Buk-M1-2".
Colonel L. V. Baklitsky
(1993–1997)
head of 726 training
center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces),
colonel
In May 2008, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Colonel S. A. Grishkov was appointed head of the 726 training center for the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces.
The main training units of the training center are training cycles: firing and combat use of anti-aircraft missile systems, combat vehicles, anti-aircraft missile and artillery weapons.
Training cycles are the center of educational, methodological, rationalization and educational work parts. A training division is intended for the training of junior specialists for military air defense. The main body for planning and organizing the educational process and educational work with foreign military personnel is a special department.
In parallel with the educational process, the teaching staff participates in conducting training with the BS of air defense units and subunits of the SV, Navy, the 12th GUMO of the Russian Federation at the Kapustin Yar and Telemba training grounds, takes part in the exercises of the air defense troops of the North Caucasus Military District and shows new types of training equipment, provides assistance in recovery
combat readiness of weapons and military equipment samples for units and subunits that arrived at the training ground.
Colonel V. I. Kozyr
(1997–2002)
head of 726 training
center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces),
colonel
Officers also take part in testing new types of weapons and training equipment. So, in 2006, the teacher Major M. M. Danilevich became the laureate of the S. I. Mosin Prize in the field of development and creation of new samples
VVT for participation in the modernization of the new generation complex simulator 9 V810M1 ZPRK 2K22M "Tunguska" for training and subsequent training of calculations of ZSU 2S6M.
In 2010, the officers-teachers of the training center took part in the training of foreign military personnel of the Republic of Sudan in the specialty of the Osa air defense system. In 2010 - 2012 on the basis of the training center, the training complex for the training of air defense units of the combined arms formation (“Calculation-Air Defense”) was tested.
In 2011 - 2013 passed in the center successful trials and a decision was made to adopt a system for ensuring safety requirements during live firing anti-aircraft systems short-range action and monitoring of their compliance ("Konglomerat-1P"). In August 2015, on the basis of the training center, competitions of air defense specialists were held within the framework of the international "Army Games-2015", in which the military personnel of Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia took part. The staff of the training center takes an active part in the education of pre-conscription youth - classes are held in the educational institutions of the city and the region, the center's specialists also participate in training sessions with schoolchildren of the city and the region.
Colonel A. A. Korolev
(2002–2008)
head of 726 training
center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces),
colonel
A great contribution to the formation and development of the training center was made by lieutenant colonels P. V. Matveev, A. G. Bushkov, V. I. Volosov¸ A. I. Stadnichenko, majors I. I. Naboichenko, V. P. Matveev, D. V. Kazymov, K. V. Shtompel, A. P. Goncharov, A. V. Kalinkin, V. V. Manuilov, L. V. Volkov, A. L. Kruchinin, A. V. Kovalev, captains A. V. Breider, Yu. V. Kudrya, I. Yu. Merzlyakov, S. E. Parafeinik, senior lieutenant I. V. Shanev, senior warrant officers A. T. Churikov, V. A. Dzyuba, D. I. Bobrovskikh, foreman V V. Kazakuts, S. A. Gladkikh and many
other.
To date, the 726 training center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces) is rightfully considered one of the best training centers in Russia for the training of military air defense specialists. The educational material and technical base of the center allows conducting tactical exercises with live firing of military units and air defense units of the Ground Forces at a high level, Coastal troops of the Navy and the Airborne Forces, to ensure the conditions for testing promising types of weapons and military equipment tactical level air defense, as well as to train air defense specialists for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other countries. The training center continues the traditions laid down in parts in previous years, the simulator and field training material and technical bases are being improved, the main activity of the management staff of the training center remains to improve the quality of the educational process.
Colonel S. A. Grishkov
(from 2008 to present)
head of 726 training
center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces),
colonel
167 training center (air defense troops
Defense of the Ground Forces)
Images
Thousands of times I drove past this air defense division along the Dmitrovskoye highway and did not even know that it was located there literally a kilometer from the highway itself. The division includes five regiments, four of which are anti-aircraft missile and one radio engineering.
They are located around Moscow from different directions. The connection in which I visited covers Moscow and the central industrial region of the Russian Federation from the northern and western directions.
Unit commander Valery Igorevich Varentsov 
The main tasks of the division are combat duty, providing aviation flights, airspace control, and the use of fire weapons in case of violation of airspace.
There are over 1,000 air routes in the division's area of responsibility.
Hundreds of meters of intricately woven corridors lead to the command post, which is located underground.
The command post itself is big room with a ceiling height of about seven meters. This is the holy of holies of the division. It is here that all information about any aircraft, both approaching the state border and in the airspace on the territory of the Russian Federation, is received every second.
duty shift 
On this day, exercises were held, according to the legend of which the combined armed forces of NATO countries began preparing aggression against the Russian Federation. According to information from the control center of the command of the air defense and missile defense B-52 strategic aviation aircraft took off from the base airfield, and sea-based cruise missiles were launched from the water area Baltic Sea and air-launched cruise missiles from the missile launch line.
Every minute work was demonstrated command post to detect and destroy these targets. I noted for myself the coherence of the work of all involved units and the shift on duty. Everyone clearly knows what, how and when to do it. The fact that the missiles were shot down training is probably not even worth saying)
The equipment of the command post allows you to see almost all flying objects, from flocks of birds and fans to launch quadrocopters and ending with ordinary planes and rockets. The minimum detection height to ground level is practically 0.
By the way, those rehearsals of the air part of the Victory Parade, which are currently taking place and in which 142 aircraft are involved, are controlled from this command post.
When you enter this command post, the first thing that catches your eye after its size is the girls behind the glass in headphones)
If the monitors receive information from various electronic devices, then it comes to the girls through other channels. This is redundancy, which is necessary in case all electronic equipment fails. That is, girls duplicate information on this huge glass screen. One girl strikes up to 10 targets per minute with the characteristics of the target - height, speed, etc. Hell of a job, especially when you consider that you have to write backwards. Every day in peacetime they do not work, but at least three times a month they are on duty so as not to forget their skills. On alarm, they arrive at the command post within a very short time.
And this is what it looks like from the girls side 
Relatively close to the control point, among the summer cottages, there is an anti-aircraft missile regiment armed with the S-400 air defense system and the Pantsir-S air defense missile system. The regiment carries a permanent combat duty.
All Altitude Detector
The all-altitude detector is intended for information support of the S-400 air defense system and advanced air defense systems, including when the air defense units conduct independent combat operations with high efficiency.
The radar has various space survey modes that allow it to detect almost all types of aerodynamic targets - airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles(including those manufactured using the "Stealth" technology) and WTO equipment in the entire range of altitudes and speeds of their use. The radar also provides a mode for detecting targets flying along ballistic trajectories at speeds up to 2800 m/s.
Loading machine 
"Pantsir-S".
Self-propelled anti-aircraft missile and gun complex (ZRPK) ground-based.
Developed by the Tula State Unitary Enterprise "Instrument Design Bureau". Designed for close protection of civilian and military facilities (including long-range air defense systems) from all modern and advanced air attack weapons. It can also protect the defended object from ground and surface threats.
S-400. Anti-aircraft missile system long and medium range, anti-aircraft missile system(SAM) of a new generation. Designed to destroy all modern and promising means of aerospace attack - reconnaissance aircraft, strategic and tactical aircraft, tactical, operational-tactical ballistic missiles, medium-range ballistic missiles, hypersonic targets, jammers, radar patrol and guidance aircraft, and others. Each air defense system provides simultaneous shelling of up to 36 targets with up to 72 missiles aimed at them.
combat alert 
Various technique 
Two years ago, inspired by this essay, I decided for myself that I would definitely go and find the place where I served in the Soviet Army for 2 years. And I served in the missile division, of which there were quite a few in the Karelian forests. Code name "Square". "Tochka" was part of the first circle of defense of the air defense of the heart of the Soviet Union - Moscow. And it was the most deaf of all air defense missile divisions located around Petrozavodsk. There was not a single one within a radius of 10 kilometers. locality, so the most difficult thing was to find this place after almost 30 years. Google maps and memories that stuck in my memory for the rest of my life helped.
S-75 "Dvina" missile on a launcher (according to the classification of the US Defense Ministry and NATO - SA-2 Guideline). Photo: site
And it all started, as I said, with the map. I tried to find the place of my unit on the map for a long time. I knew the landmarks on the ground poorly, since they took us out of the forest very rarely, and we always rode in a covered iron body, called a kung. Therefore, the only hope was that I remember the approximate location of the missile battalion (plus or minus 20 km) and what our unit and roads looked like in a combat position.
Even 10 years ago, Google maps in that place gave out a very indistinct picture, so I never found it, but three years ago I still managed to do it! I determined it precisely by the characteristic pattern of the glades.
Look up from the star and you can see the circle. This was the combat position, there were rockets in a circle. In the center was equipment that provided target tracking, guidance and launch of missiles. Looking ahead, I’ll say that there were practically no traces of the unit left on the spot. A casual passer-by will never guess that it was here 30 years ago.
Therefore, let me first show you the "dot" on my not very high-quality army photos, well, I'll tell you about the service. Then we will see what I saw with a friend there this summer and at the end about the story of the downed intelligence officer 55 years ago.
Photo 1. Smoking room at the entrance to the unit. The same place marked with an asterisk on the Google map. 
Photo 2. I called up in the late autumn of 1988, when no one had even thought about the collapse of the USSR. Two weeks of "quarantine" after we were brought by train to Petrozavodsk from the "monkey" in Tallinn, I spent in the military camp "Buran" (the village of Novoe Lososinnoye), where a more modern air defense system S-125 was stationed. I remember "Buran" with snowdrifts, 3 km runs. every morning, not like autumn winter, the whole barracks with recruits, the first corns from incorrectly wound footcloths and the clearing of the whole stadium in the middle of the night for the solemn acceptance of the oath. Oh yes, even before that there was a haircut with a mechanical machine in a cold bath to zero. It was not in vain that experienced people said - go to the Army already bald
What is left of Buran can be seen in this video. Now it is a well-known object for "stalking" in certain circles.
After taking the oath, several recruits, including me, are taken to the very wilderness - the Kvadratura division with S-75 missiles. In the photo the first New Year in the army. The hair has already grown back a little.
Photo 3. And this is the spring of next year. The first of two leaves for the entire service in Petrozavodsk. In general, employees usually walked more often, but I had the share of being the permanent and only operator and part-time commander of the calculation of the RRS (radio relay communications). 
Photo 4. Here is my "cabin", covered with disguise. As they sang in our most killer army song, composed by guys from the neighboring division, "we are inhabitants of iron cabins." I immediately apologize for the quality, but you yourself understand that all the photos were taken illegally on the killed "Change" camera and appeared secretly from the officers in the supply room of our "secretary" (fortunately he was my fellow countryman) 
Photo 5. And here is the resident of the cabin
Now I will tell you what I did there. Radio relay communication was similar to modern mobile communication. In general, all negotiations with the command post and other technical data that were exchanged missile battalions, when they were on combat duty (and they were every second month of the year), they went through special cables laid between parts. But if for some reason the connection failed (especially important, of course, in war time), then the finest hour of radio relayers came. We provided communication over the air using directional burdock antennas. This is probably why these stations were codenamed Cycloid. Here is a more modern photo of her from the Internet.
Radio relayers also ensured the transmission of highly secret encrypted data, those that were easier to intercept over wires. To do this, the station was turned on and a special apparatus gave out a ribbon with holes, that is, a punched card. Then a specially trained warrior-"secretary" took it to his desk and deciphered it only in a way known to him. By the way, the "secretary", oddly enough, was a conscript. In my case, a Russian guy from Tallinn with an Estonian surname Randoya.
Photo 6. But this, fortunately, happened very rarely and the main duty was to turn on all the equipment that was located on numerous racks every three hours and get in touch with the command post, which was located in the village of Vilga. It is there that a monument to the air defense soldiers will then be erected (see below ..).
I slept in the same cabin, since I had to get in touch at night as well. Therefore, I could sleep during the day at any time and in general I was special, which not one officer dared to touch. Just such a moment was caught by the political officer when he came to take a picture of me on the honor roll, and I, with a sleepy face on my face (they rewarded me for quickly mastering the profession, even with vacation to his homeland two months after the start of the service, although they were released only after a year and a half, when he brought up the shift). 
Photo 7. Now let's go further along the combat position. As I already said, each division was on combat duty for the protection of the airspace of the USSR for a month, and the second month it rested, or rather, carried out maintenance work, training of personnel, deployment-folding exercises (part was mobile, that is, everything was on wheels and in time, if memory serves, it was supposed to turn around in 4 hours from the moment of arrival at the point to the ability to carry out combat duty.During their service, they went to such exercises several times within Karelia and once to the largest air defense training ground in Kazakhstan (Saryshagan), though without their own equipment (the exercises were held on equipment that was already at the training ground).
This is the most important missile guidance station. It created a beam along which the rocket went, and the task of the combat crew was to keep the target. Manually! These are modern air defense systems that operate fully on automation, and then everything depended on the operators. Therefore, even in the 80s, the S-75 was considered the most reliable. And of course, only the officers performed the most responsible work. Yes, and all the equipment worked on lamps, like TVs of that time. Some lamps were larger than a human head! And how much copper was in them !!! But then they were lying around useless, color fever will come a little later ...
Better photo from internet
Photo 8. The guidance calculation was engaged in this. I was listed in the support calculation, which included, in addition to my cockpit, another radar station, which actually detected the aircraft (in fact, it was also a backup in case battery life division - all data on aircraft came from the command post, where there were more powerful and modern radars).
Photo 30.
In the photo, it’s just me and the radar operator Roma Buchma from Ukraine. 
In general, I should have been in his place, because in front of the Army in Tallinn, from the military registration and enlistment office, I studied for three months as a radar operator and a tablet operator (this is the one who marks targets on a transparent stand, who watched "Return move", will remember this moment.
We taught in Tallinn on Lai Street right in the old town (here, see photo. First floor, windows to the right of the entrance).
We lived in a hotel. They also accrued 50% of the salary, at that time I was already working! It was a very fun time
This is how this very radar station looked from the side (photo from the Internet), which I did not get to. A machine with a rotating antenna and next to it is always a hardware one. Everything is based on "Ural". Beast machine. I had a chance to ride on the exercises behind the wheel.
When they told me that I would not serve on the radar station, I was upset. Three months in vain studied chtoli. But my mentor from Odessa, whom I had to urgently replace, since he was about to be demobilized, told me that I would have the most thieves service of all conscripts. And the heaviest thing you will lift, he said with Odessa humor, is this metal mug with tea. A little later I understood what he was talking about. True, all the same, there was one position more abruptly than mine. This is the personal driver of the division commander. But I doubt that, apart from the mug, he did not lift anything heavier.
There was also such a monstrous altimeter antenna at our support position. Determined the height of the target. The most headache officers. Too capricious, very often broke down. Still, what mechanism can withstand waving such an antenna up and down for a long time. I took this photo from the height of my antenna with burdocks, I specially climbed for this.
Photo 9. 
By the way, my antenna looked like this from the side (photo from the Internet)
And the last cabin attached to our calculation. She is the most modern and secret. It was surrounded by a double row of barbed wire, and only one officer assigned to it had the right to enter it.
This is a "requestor" friend or foe. That is, according to especially secret algorithms, the equipment requested the target from all the aircraft that the radar caught, in order to belong to their own. If there was no answer, then the target is enemy and you can shoot it down. Now I understand why this car was so secret?
Photo 10. And this is our position with combat missiles, again taken from my antenna. Oh, and it would fly to me from the officers if I were caught doing this. On the right side of the photo you can see the edge of one of the "plates".
Here is an approximate diagram of the starting positions of the S-75 division. In the middle there is always a command post and underground bunkers for personnel in case of bombing. People lived there for the whole month while they were on combat duty. They even brought food to them. It is this circle that is barely visible in the first satellite photo.
Photo 11.
And here is the launcher itself. Its maintenance was carried out by "starters". These guys were not lucky, they were chased in the tail and in the mane. Each calculation had to charge such a rocket that the TZM-ka (transport loading machine) would bring in a matter of seconds. Each number had its own duty, like in a Formula 1 team at the pitstop. Only so healthy combat missile place, it's not for you to change 4 wheels. They jumped like acrobats in a circus.
And their duty was to maintain the missiles, including the removal of snow from the entire starting position. And the snow in Karelia was then heaps! In general, the guys from the Army came with awesomely pumped health. We, the inhabitants of the cabins, "starters" jokingly contemptuously (but probably with envy in our souls), called hemorrhoids 
Photo 12. These are spare missiles 
And yet they had to be protected. Day and night! This was done by the guards. In it, each department was obliged to allocate soldiers, who, of course, were exempted from their other military duties for the duration of guard duty. In the forest at night it was not very pleasant to stand at the post for two hours. There was a case, one of us opened fire with a fright, it turned out that the beast. But it turned out later, though they didn’t want to take out such rubbish from the hut. They wrote it off as real encroachers on the military unit, and the guy was given a vacation home for this.
Photo 13. Another anecdotal incident was related to the flight of Mathias Rust across the border in the Kohtla-Järve region and the landing of his sports plane on Red Square a year before I went to serve.
It happened on May 28, and on that day there was a subbotnik in each air defense unit, and the so-called PVN (visual observation point) was built at the combat position in the center, where soldiers were supposed to be on duty day and night. At this point, there was a DShK heavy machine gun and signs with silhouettes of light aircraft of various models were placed. The bottom line is to identify the enemy in a low-flying target and open fire on it. Here is such an air defense. 
Photo 14. 
Photo 15. For the entire service, except for a couple of dismissals and home leave, I saw civilians in the unit itself only once. They were mushroom pickers with drooping jaws. Still, you are walking in a dense forest, and then suddenly this! The inscription on the pillar - "Stop shooting. Stop, danger zone"
Photo 16. The guys from the guard lent equipment to take pictures. I myself have defended only once in quarantine on the nightstand in my entire service. On this all my "outfits" and ended. So it was a sin to complain about the service
Photo 25. 
Photo 17. True, another problem appeared - too much free time. It was especially gloomy when the division was not on combat duty and after 5 pm everyone went to the barracks. So he enjoyed himself as much as he could. 
Photo 18. I learned to play chess well (on the left, the teacher, a guy from Ukraine, could play without looking at the board). 
Photo 19 Still cut friends. Yes, yes, the unit did not have its own hairdresser, so who was capable of what. They say it turned out not bad, even the officers at first began to go to me, but I brushed it off - I began to hack on purpose. I was also very sorry that I could not unfasten my head and cut it the way I needed
Photo 21.
By the way, they say the gypsies did not serve in the Soviet Army. Lies! Alyosha Shashkov, second from the left, is the purest gypsy, a great cheerful guy. The third from the left is my only sidekick, with whom he maintained relations even after the Army, not counting, of course, the Narva colleague, this goes without saying. He lived right on Nevsky Prospekt in St. Petersburg. Unfortunately, two years after the demobilization, he was poisoned by carbon monoxide from a gas column to death. 
Photo 22.
In the middle is the same secret from Tallinn. In general, we had only two pure Estonians in the unit. One quit almost as soon as I got into the unit, and he served ... as a pigsty. With part of their pigs were, so he was engaged in them. Then another farmer, only from Ukraine, took his place. The second Estonian appeared in the unit after a year and a half of my service. I didn't even see him. A couple of days after his appearance, my mother arrived, supposedly on a date, and agreed with the taxi driver in advance that he would drive up to the unit at night. By tradition, on the day of the visit, a soldier is allocated a room with the opportunity to spend the night. So instead of spending the night, mom took her son away. It was already 1990 and all this talk about secession. Naturally, things never came to the dizbat that shone on the young fighter. Yes, he was simply not even found in Estonia, although they were looking for it. A special representative traveled from the unit to Estonia. 
Photo 23.
In general, two hefty guys from Lithuania and two from Kaliningrad also served from the Baltic states (in the photo they are standing with their "spirits"). Kaliningraders served as drivers and thanks to them I learned to ride all kinds of wheeled vehicles. 
Photo 26 
Photo 24.
There were especially many guys from Kazakhstan. Great guys. Here is Sergeant Bekbulatov, a funny kid with inimitable plasticity and a sense of humor from my draft. He rose to the rank of chief diesel operator. 
Photo 27.
The first on the left is the most countryman of all countrymen. Petruha Kozyrev from Narva. He was in charge of wire communications. So for 2 years all communication on the "Quadratura" was based on Narva! 
Photo 28.
And another way to kill free time 
Photo 29.
And maybe so 
Photo 31.
One of the main skills acquired in the Army is the ability to play the guitar. It was purchased by many, but I also inherited a guitar, subsequently painted with the names and murals of my entire call. In the photo, she and the land from Narva. 
Photo 32. 
Photo 33.
100 days to order lined with dandelions 
Photo 34.
A party about the release of the demobilization order. Pictured is my call. The top row, with the exception of one Moldavian, is solid Ukraine. The bottom in the middle are the same two Lithuanians. Naturally, they were the most important starters. Together, without TZM-ki, they could grab a spare rocket, bring it to the starting position and put it on the launcher (just kidding)
Photo 35. 
Photo 36 
Photo 37. 
And I’ll add a little more about the landfill in Kazakhstan. Just before the demobilization, we were loaded into a letter train with warm cars and went with the whole division to the shooting range, where we had a chance to see the launch and flight of these beauties. Photo from the Internet.
Other systems were fired there, up to the most modern S-300s. But only ours, s-75, started so spectacularly. Baba, a second and rockets are no longer visible. Shooting was carried out at real targets - remotely controlled blanks simulating an aircraft.
We shot at 5-ku, I remember the officers were very pleased, so much so that half of the demobilizations were sent home directly from the training ground.
Well, now a photo from a trip 29 years after demobilization. I’ll tell everyone who still doubts whether or not to go where they served. Ride for sure! Just take with you preferably an old reliable friend. Not only will you get a huge charge of nostalgia at the very end point, but there will also be something to remember along the way. I also brought home a piece of brick from the checkpoint and a piece of radio tube
Photo 1. Some photos on the way there 
Photo 2. 
Photo 3. The village of Vilga and the memorial erected to rocketmen, including those who defended the sky back in World War II 
Photo 4. 
Photo 5. 
Photo 6. 
Photo 7. 
Photo 8. 
Photo 9. 
Photo 10. 
Photo 11. And now what is left of my part. Unfortunately, I did not take a picture of the road along which I had to get. It was not easy, at first I had to return, because it was impossible to drive, and if it weren’t for my faithful companion, who encouraged me in difficult times, I would have spit on the idea to get to the point by car, which is not at all intended for extreme roads. But in the end we found a more convenient check-in and just 40 minutes after the highway we were at the place where I repaid my debt to the Motherland for two long years. As they said then "The army is two pages torn out at the very interesting place from the book of life. Maybe so it is, but I do not regret anything. And this trip stirred up a lot of memories, and only positive ones!
Remember the photo with the smoking room at the beginning of the story? Here you can see these birch trees with painted trunks. They grew right under the windows of the soldiers' barracks. In total, there were three barracks at the point. One for soldiers, one for officers and their families, the third is a canteen with a club. Plus, its own bathhouse and a stoker, which heated all this simple household in the winter.
Photo 12. This is all that remains of the barracks 
Photo 13. 
Photo 14. 
Photo 15. 
Photo 16. It is amazing how nature in 25 years (the division moved out in 1992) destroyed almost all traces of this military town. 
Photo 17. And this miracle is a huge overgrown meadow with wild strawberries, which, apparently, were grown by their wives near the officers' barracks. Small but tasty. We even ate! So part thanked their guests! 
Photo 18. 
Photo 19. 
Photo 20. And along this path to the dining room three times a day with a song "Protecting the Motherland, not knowing any barriers, menacing rockets look into the sky and soldiers stand at the remote control. People know, people understand, the menacing look of a combat rocket and when the rocket men walk, the sky above the earth turns blue" soldiers and sergeants marched. There was nothing left of the dining room. 
Photo 21. These places are popular only with hunters. "Stalkers" have nothing to do here for a long time. 
Photo 22. Checkpoint. A soldier was usually on duty in this booth, only if infrequent distinguished guests were expected. No one else went to us and it was pointless to sit there to no avail. 
Photo 23. 
Photo 24. The photo shows steel sheets that covered the ditch with cables that went to the center of the starting position. 
Photo 25. 
Photo 26. Little that remains of the underground dwelling. 
Photo 27. And this is the place that I most wanted to find and found with great difficulty. Here was my cabin, here I spent two years. And I found it only thanks to this conspicuous boulder, which I climbed to get off in a big way, I apologize for the details. 
Photo 28. Iron rope, which fastened the mast with antennas. 
Photo 29 But before that, we remembered a little army art. My friend served in the Far East, accompanied wagons with military cargo. He now has heaps of these pistols ... A joke about pistols, of course. Truth about security 
Photo 30. 
Photo 31. Results 
Photo 32. Air defense defeats infantry! Who said there that they never held weapons in their hands in air defense? 
Photo 33 Five minutes and the heat is collected. 
Photo 34. 
Photo 35. 
Photo 36. 
Photo 37. 
Photo 38. Water procedures in the morning and on the way back. But before that, we will stop by Petrozavodsk. This will be a separate post. 
Photo 39. 
Photo 40. And I still can't keep silent about the roads in Karelia. The federal highway is simply amazing. And the one that comes from the other side of Lake Ladoga is in excellent condition! So go to Karelia in the summer to relax, you won't regret it! 
Photo 41. 
Photo 42. 
Photo 43. 
Thank you for your attention!
At the end, I want to remember the words from a song that you will not find on the Internet. Unfortunately, there is no guitar at hand to sing it. It was written by the guys from my conscription from the command post "Vilga" (there were especially many iron cabins and their inhabitants) and became the first in my repertoire of songs with a guitar.
All day on your feet
730 days in boots
You forgot all the smells of wine
You are a resident of iron cabins
You get up from the song of the sirens
Forests enchanted captivity
Readiness you hear again
The order came to fight
And only your mother is waiting for you at home
When you get back
Raise a glass of vintage wine
For the inhabitants of the iron cabins
And this is a video showing what is left of the command post in "Vilga"
This is the commander of my division (when I retired, I was a lieutenant colonel) in our time with his wife.
And this is the most beautiful woman division, the wife of one of the officers and part-time was a saleswoman in our shop. Many went to the store just to look at it. Also a more or less modern photo:
And now the promised story about the downed scout with the S-75 complex:
"Black Saturday", October 27, 1962 - the day when the world was closest to a global nuclear war.
More than half a century ago, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) began sending U-2 high-altitude strategic reconnaissance aircraft equipped with photographic equipment specially designed for their needs into the airspace of the USSR. These flights lasted almost 4 years and, in the end, became the cause of a serious international crisis, which, in fact, led to their termination. In many ways, it was the flights over the territory of the USSR by American spy planes that gave a great impetus to the development of domestic air defense systems, which to this day remain the best in the world. Then, at the turn of the 50-60s of the last century, the main enemy for high-altitude American reconnaissance aircraft was the S-75 Dvina air defense system, which closed the Soviet sky for them.
U-2 flight history
For the first time, American aircraft began photographic and electronic monitoring Soviet territory back at the end of 1946. The start of these flights coincided with the start of cold war and of course it was not accidental. Initially, such aircraft took off only from Alaska and flew along Soviet land and sea lines. At the same time, as the confrontation between the two countries intensified, the US Department of Defense increasingly insisted on the need for a deep aerial reconnaissance territory of the USSR and its allies. Over time, such flights really began, but they led to heavy losses. Highly a large number of reconnaissance aircraft were shot down in Soviet airspace, a smaller part over the territory of the PRC and other states of the Soviet bloc. The total number of teams of lost aircraft was 252 people, while the fate of 138 pilots remained unknown.
Taking this into account, the CIA decided to sign an agreement with Lockheed to build a stratospheric reconnaissance aircraft. So on March 22, 1955, a formal contract was signed with the firm. According to this document, Lockheed was to build 20 aircraft at a total cost of $22 million. This amount did not include the cost of creating jet engines, which were to be purchased by the Air Force, as well as photographic equipment, which the CIA planned to order separately. The terms of the contract were quite tough, the first Lockheed aircraft was supposed to be delivered in 4 months, no later than the end of July.
The implementation of this order has become a real technical epic, many of the details of which remain classified. For example, the fuel of those years for jet aircraft at an altitude of 20,000 meters, it began to boil and evaporate. Therefore, Shell urgently created aviation kerosene with stabilizing additives. Modifying Pratt & Whitney's J57 engines was no easy task either, and there were plenty of other problems. However, the first aircraft was still built by 15 July. It, like all subsequent aircraft, was built in the Californian city of Burbank.
Flight tests of the novelty took place at an extremely fast pace and in deep secrecy. The plane took off and landed on the bottom of a dry lake in the state of Nevada, located north of Las Vegas. A nuclear test site was located near this place, so the entire area around was closed. On July 29, 1955, a reconnaissance aircraft, flown by test pilot Tony Levier, rolled across the airfield for the first time. In September of the same year, he managed to climb to a height of 19,500 meters. And at the end of 1956 he managed to climb more than 22 kilometers. On May 1 of the same year, the disassembled U-2 was transported to the English airbase Lakenheath, where the aircraft was reassembled and prepared for flights.
The UK is a fairly densely populated country, so it was obvious that an unusual aircraft would be quickly noticed. For this reason, even before the first U-2 flights over the countries of the Warsaw Pact began, the American intelligence services carried out a large-scale camouflage operation. NASA Director Hugh Dryden announced on May 7 that Lockheed has begun production of a super-high-altitude aircraft that will be used to study the ozone layer, cosmic rays and stratospheric air currents. Later, the general public was informed that the new aircraft were included in the British-based 1st Weather Observation Squadron. It was also reported that such aircraft would fly to "other areas the globe". Of course, not a word was said about the USSR.
In 1956, the Soviet air force and air defense units did not yet have fighters that would be able to climb to a height of 20,000 meters, at which the U-2 flew, nor air defense systems that could get them there. The very first missions confirmed the invulnerability of the aircraft. The ability of the aircraft to fly without interference in the Moscow sky was even proven. In 1956, American spy planes carried out a number of flights over the USSR. In particular, 2 flights took place on July 9, another one took place on July 10. On the same day, the USSR officially sent a note of protest to the United States and President Eisenhower ordered that all U-2 raids over Soviet territory be stopped for a while. They were resumed only in June 1957, and this time the flights were carried out not in the western part of the USSR, but in the Far East.
In total, U-2 reconnaissance aircraft penetrated the airspace of the USSR 24 times. The last such raid, called Mission 4154, took place on May 1, 1960. This flight was personally authorized by President Eisenhower, who at the same time gave the order after May 1 not to fly over the territory of the USSR. As a result, the previously invulnerable U-2 aircraft was shot down by a Soviet anti-aircraft missile in the Sverdlovsk region, and its pilot Powers safely parachuted down and was captured, which Khrushchev officially announced on May 7th.
As a result, Soviet-American relations once again experienced a crisis, which caused the cancellation of an international meeting with the participation of the leaders of the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and France, which was to be held in Paris on May 16. The pilot of the downed U-2 remained imprisoned in the USSR until February 19, 1962, when he was exchanged for the Soviet intelligence officer William Fisher, who was known as Rudolf Abel.
In just 4 years of flying over the territory of the USSR, U-2 reconnaissance aircraft photographed 3 million 370 thousand square meters. meters of Soviet territory or about 15% of the total area of the country. A total of 392 thousand meters of film was filmed, which is still stored in the archives of the CIA. The value of this aircraft is confirmed at least by the fact that in 1962 it was they who confirmed the preparation of starting positions for Soviet ballistic missiles in Cuba. Currently, modern modifications of the U-2S and TU-2S aircraft continue to be in service with the US Air Force. It is assumed that they will be decommissioned only by 2023. Design is also ongoing for a new generation of Astor radar,
which is used on these reconnaissance aircraft.
SAM S-75 "Dvina"
The S-75 Dvina air defense missile system (according to NATO codification - SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet mobile anti-aircraft missile system. The main developer of the air defense system was NPO Almaz (general designer A. A. Raspletin), and the rocket developer was MKB Fakel (general designer P. D. Grushin). The complex was put into service in 1957. The S-75 air defense system could destroy targets at ranges up to 43 km, in the altitude range from 0.5 to 30 km, with speeds up to 2,300 km/h. Since the moment it was put into service, this complex has been constantly improved. Its latest modifications are capable of destroying targets flying at speeds up to 3,700 km/h.
The S-75 air defense system occupies a special place among domestic air defense systems, it was this complex that became the first to be transported. He was the first in the world to take part in real combat operations and opened an account of downed enemy aircraft. It was from the S-75 complex that the deliveries of domestic air defense systems abroad began. ZRK-75 has become the most used complex in the history of the air defense forces around the world. This complex in various modifications was in service with more than 40 countries. For the entire time of its release, about 800 divisions of this complex were exported. The C-75 was also produced in China under license, where it was called Hongqi-1 (HQ-1) and Hongqi-2 (HQ-2).
In many ways, the initial success of the complex is associated with its main weapon - an anti-aircraft missile, which was designed in Grushin's design bureau. The choice of the main technical solutions for the SAM, which received the designation 1D, was largely determined by the appearance of the electronic part of the S-75 air defense system. For example, the use of a narrowly directed antenna for transmitting commands to a missile, rigidly connected to the block of the main antennas of the guidance station oriented towards an air target, predetermined the use of an inclined launch of a missile from launchers deployed towards the target.
To carry out such a launch, the rocket had to have a very good initial thrust-to-weight ratio, which could only be provided by a solid propellant rocket engine (RDTT). On the contrary, during a relatively long subsequent flight to the target, the requirements for thrust values were an order of magnitude smaller. In addition, high engine efficiency was required here. In those years, only a liquid-propellant rocket engine (LRE) met these conditions. So it was decided to use a two-stage rocket scheme, which was equipped with a solid propellant rocket engine operating at the start, and a liquid propellant rocket engine that worked on the marching section. This scheme made it possible to provide the rocket with high average speed, and hence the ability to hit an air target in a timely manner.
In order to determine the aerodynamic design of the rocket, the designers created original methods calculations. They took into account the requirements effective work stabilization system, the necessary maneuverability of the missile (the use of a radio command targeting system was allowed) and the control loop, as well as obtaining minimal aerodynamic drag. As a result, for the first time in the USSR, a normal aerodynamic scheme was used for missiles. At the same time, destabilizers were installed in front of the anti-aircraft missile, which increased its maneuverability, and also made it possible to adjust the stock of its static stability during the debugging process.
The use of the normal scheme made it possible to realize in practice higher aerodynamic characteristics in comparison with the "duck" scheme. For such a scheme, it was not even necessary to use the ailerons - the roll control of the missile defense system was carried out using the differential deflection of the rudders. In turn, sufficient static stability and high thrust-to-weight ratio of the anti-aircraft missile at the launch site ensured a delay in yaw and pitch control until the booster was separated. At the same time, in order to prevent unacceptable drift of the axes of on-board instruments at the launch site, the rocket was stabilized in roll. For this, a pair of stabilizer consoles located in one of the planes had ailerons.
The air defense system consisted of a guidance radar, a two-stage anti-aircraft missile, as well as 6 launchers, power supplies and transport-loading vehicles. It was from the S-75 air defense system that the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft was shot down. On May 1, 1960, the Americans decided to fly over Red Square during the May Day parade. The plane under the control of Powers came from Central Asia. At the same time, the USSR air defense radar system was inextricably following the aircraft, and N. S. Khrushchev was personally reported on the route of his flight directly to the podium of the mausoleum. Near Sverdlovsk, the plane entered the zone of operation of the air defense system and was shot down. A pair of MiG-17 fighters were raised to intercept it. By an unfortunate coincidence, one of these aircraft was also shot down by a S-75 missile, while the pilot died.
The S-75 complex played a very important role in the formation and development of all guided missile air defense systems of the USSR. It became the only air defense system in the world that successfully performed the function of providing air defense during large-scale hostilities (Vietnam, Egypt). Currently, like the U-2 aircraft, it continues to be in service with a number of states.
JANUARY 22, 1962 - is considered the birthday of the Anti-Missile Defense and today the connection celebrates its 50th anniversary
The connection is represented by a separate 9th ABM Division, it takes its origins from the RTC-81 Directorate for Control over the Creation of A-35 Combat System Objects, which was formed 50 years ago. In January 1965, the Directorate of RTC-81 (military unit 16451) was reorganized into the Directorate of the Head of the Anti-Missile Defense Troops of the Moscow Air Defense District (military unit 75555).
In 1972, the Directorate of the Head of the Anti-Missile Defense Troops of the Moscow Air Defense District (military unit 75555) was reorganized into the Second Directorate of the Head of the Anti-Missile Defense Troops of the Moscow Air Defense District.
In 1976, the Second Directorate of the Chief of the Anti-Missile Defense Troops of the Moscow Air Defense District was reassigned to the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces and renamed the Second Directorate of the Chief of the Anti-Missile Defense Troops.
In May 1978, the upgraded A-35M system was put into service and put on combat duty. The Second Directorate of the Chief of the Anti-Missile Defense Troops was reorganized into Directorate 9 of a separate missile defense corps and relocated to the village of Akulovo, Odintsovo district, Moscow region.
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The A-35M (RTC-81M) system included the following military units and assets:
2 Main command and computer center (military unit 18960) in Kubinka-10, object 5L98 as part of the A-35 system (RTC-81);
61st RTC (military unit 52361) with 2nd sector radar 62Zh6M ("Danube-3M") in Kubinka-10;
62nd RTC (military unit 03863) with 2nd sector radar 20Yu6 ("Danube-3U") in Chekhov-7;
52nd OPTs (military unit 27905) as part of SC 5Zh56 ("Yenisei") and 5Zh57 ("Tobol") in Klin-9;
121st OPTs (military unit 28000) as part of SC 5Zh56 ("Yenisei") and 5Zh57 ("Tobol") in Naro-Fominsk-10;
57th OPRC (military unit 12996) as part of 2 SC 5ZH57 ("Tobol") in Klin-10;
102nd OPTs (military unit 48701) as part of SC 5Zh56 ("Yenisei") and 5Zh57 ("Tobol") in Zagorsk-15;
1876th technical base (military unit 02014) in Balabanov-2;
1431 RTB (military unit 68004) in Poryadino;
34th communications regiment (military unit 12517) as part of the 5Ts53 data transmission system.
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In 1995, the directorate of the 9th separate missile defense building was relocated to the village of Sofrino-1 in the Pushkinsky district. In the same year, after preliminary and joint tests, a unique, unparalleled in the world Radar "Don-2N" firing complex of the missile defense system in Moscow and the central industrial region, was put on combat duty. AT next year the entire new anti-missile system A-135 (RTC-181) is on combat duty.
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The A-135 missile defense system includes:
Radar Don-2N, command and measurement point and anti-missiles 68 missiles 53T6 (Gazelle), designed to intercept in the atmosphere. 32 51T6 (Gorgon) missiles, designed to intercept outside the atmosphere, on this moment removed from the system. Anti-missiles are located in silo launchers located in positional areas around Moscow. Short-range interception missiles are located in five position areas - Lytkarino (16 launchers), Skhodnya (16), Korolev (12), Vnukovo (12) and Sofrino (12). Long-range interceptor missiles were deployed in two units based at Naro-Fominsk-10 and Sergiev Posad-15.
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In 1997, the Aerospace Forces and the rocket and space defense forces were included in the Strategic Missile Forces . On October 1, 1998, the 9th separate missile defense corps was reorganized into the 9th missile defense division, which became part of the 3rd rocket and space defense army special purpose(military unit 03366)
In connection with the growing role of space assets in the system of military and national security In 2001, by a Presidential Decree, on the basis of the formations, formations and launch units and RKO allocated from the Strategic Missile Forces, an independent branch of the military was created - the Space Forces. At the same time, it was taken into account that the space forces and means of the RKO have a single sphere for solving problems - space, as well as close cooperation between industrial enterprises, which ensures the creation and development of weapons.
Aerospace Defense. They are on combat duty not only throughout Russia, but also beyond its borders - in the near abroad, as well as in space itself. Today, parts, systems and complexes of anti-missile defense equipment are part of this new unified branch of the power structure of our country.
On December 1, 2011, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, a separate branch of the military was created - Aerospace Defense. They are on combat duty not only throughout Russia, but also beyond its borders - in the near abroad, as well as in space itself. Today, parts, systems and complexes of anti-missile defense equipment are part of this new unified branch of the power structure of our country.
The corps (division) was commanded by:
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Model of the now deceased "Cuban" part of the early warning early warning system with the Danube-3M radar
Model of the now deceased "Cuban" part of the early warning early warning system with the Danube-3M radar
And something like this looked like a separate anti-missile center (object 7517) of the A-35 missile defense system
And something like this looked like a separate anti-missile center (object 7517) of the A-35 missile defense system
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* * * * *
16 lift-and-launch launchers
4 grouped radar channels of the product i.e. missile defense
2 grouped target channel radars
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product inspection point
technical base
communication center
special equipment garage
boiler room
food point
OSiR warehouse
pumping stations and artesian wells
shelters for drugs
guardroom and platform for emergency fuel drain
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Formerly Terrestrial launchers(NPU) were of an open type, they were a stationary vertical support with a 20-meter TPK and ensured the maintenance of A-350ZH anti-missiles in containers filled with aggressive fuel components and equipped with nuclear warheads
Anti-missile radars were presented from 4 RPU balls
Anti-missile radars were presented from 4 RPU balls
To represent the scale, let's also take a look at the RPU of the target locator
To represent the scale, let's also take a look at the RPU of the target locator
Anyway, back to our station. The radar is built in such a way that in the event of a missile attack, it is capable of conducting combat work in offline regardless of the external environment. This is ensured by independent power and water systems, powerful refrigeration equipment, maintenance units, as well as food and water supplies. Contact outside world There is an underground transport tunnel. And yet, let's hope that this does not happen, the A-135 system is still designed to repel a limited strike.
During the construction of the station, which began in 1978, more than 30 thousand tons of metal, 50 thousand tons of concrete, 20 thousand km of cable, hundreds of kilometers of pipes and more than 10,000 cast-iron gate valves were used
The underground halls are so large that natural exhibits can be easily placed in them.
Part of the rocket engine of the 2nd stage of the A-350 anti-missile
LRE - stage 2 - the terms of reference for the creation of the engine were issued in the fall of 1960 to the Leningrad OKB-466, chief designer A.S. Mevius. In the early 1960s, after the inclusion of OKB-466 in OKB-117, the engine was refined by S.P. Izotov and P.D. Gavre. At the project stage, it was planned to install a 5D16 sustainer rocket engine in a gimbal suspension that provides control through the pitch and yaw channels (the deviation of the engine axis by an angle of plus or minus 10 degrees was carried out by two hydraulic steering machines). The roll channel was controlled by aerodynamic ailerons with nozzles of two auxiliary gas engines rigidly connected to them. Aileron deflection angles - plus or minus 40 degrees. The 5D16 engine was a multiple start engine, incl. in airless space. The engine was tested at the training ground in Salda until the closure of the test bench by V.N. Chelomey (supposedly for testing engines of the UR-100 ICBM). After the testing of the 5D16 engine was stopped and the OKB-466 merged with the OKB-117 for the A-350Zh missiles, the engines of the 2nd stage of the UR-100 / 8K84 ICBM - 15D13 and 15D14 (four-chamber marching and steering) were finalized. On the A-350Zh they received the names 5D22 and 5D18. The engines were mass-produced at the Krasny Oktyabr plant (Leningrad) until 1992.
Really very similar to the 2nd stage rocket engine from
Anti-missile fairing A-925A (51T6)
Along the endless corridors, we finally reach Structure No. 1. All the main organs of the station are concentrated here.
For obvious reasons, we can view and show only some of them.
For obvious reasons, we can view and show only some of them.
One of the premises of the radar command post
One of the premises of the radar command post
Tireless bloggers came here for the first time and immediately began to conduct inquiries with passion
Tireless bloggers came here for the first time and immediately began to conduct inquiries with passion
The main room of the radar control room is quite spacious, all kinds of information is displayed on the screens from the entire early warning and missile defense system, as well as local sensors and cameras
The main room of the radar control room is quite spacious, all kinds of information is displayed on the screens from the entire early warning and missile defense system, as well as local sensors and cameras
The workplace of an officer on duty is quite ascetic, but has everything necessary to perform the assigned combat missions.
The workplace of an officer on duty is quite ascetic, but has everything necessary to perform the assigned combat missions.
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Command post (CP) of the radar station "Don-2N"
is designed to control the equipment and equipment of the station and monitor its condition. At the checkpoint there are means of control, management and communication. The apparatus and equipment are in the established modes of operation.
Around the clock in real time, the combat crew processes and analyzes information about the space and radio-electronic situation in the area of responsibility of the radar and controls the operation of the station.
In order to maintain constant combat readiness, radar specialists regularly perform training exercises to destroy ballistic missiles (BR), as well as to detect and determine the parameters of the movement of space objects. Training is carried out using special computer programs that imitate real combat conditions. Programs are divided according to different BR flight paths, the number of warheads (warheads) and decoys, and the degree of defeat complexity. Training sessions are conducted in real time and in real geographical measurement.
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On July 29, 2009, for the first time since the day of its formation, the division was awarded the Battle Banner. The banner was presented by the first deputy commander Space Forces Major General A.N. Yakushin. The banner is kept like the apple of an eye behind seven seals and an alarm sensor.
On July 29, 2009, for the first time since the day of its formation, the division was awarded the Battle Banner. The banner was presented by the First Deputy Commander of the Space Forces, Major General A.N. Yakushin. The banner is kept like the apple of an eye behind seven seals and an alarm sensor.
All command posts are made in a fairly iconic style and have their own shrines, in addition to the banner of sacred duty, the emblem of the 9th Anti-Missile Defense Division will always remind
All command posts are made in a fairly iconic style and have their own shrines, in addition to the banner of sacred duty, the emblem of the 9th Anti-Missile Defense Division will always remind
Immediately, we were shown work to determine the ballistic targets determined by the station
* * * * *
TTX radar:
Range - centimeter
Dimensions of the structure - 130 x 130 x 45 m (height 33 m according to other data)
The length of the rib of the truncated part - 100 m
Antenna diameter - 16 m (18 m according to other data)
Radiated power - 250 MW
Detection range of ballistic targets - 1200-1500 km (according to other data up to 3700 km according to ICBM warheads)
Range of detection of space targets - 600-1000 km
Radar viewing angles in azimuth - 360 degrees.
Coordinate measurement accuracy:
Range - 200 (100) m
In elevation - 0.02-0.04 (0.06) degrees.
The number of simultaneously tracked ballistic targets - up to 120 SBC elements (complex ballistic targets)
The number of simultaneously launched anti-missiles - several dozen (no more than 100 pieces) - according to some unconfirmed reports - 36 pieces (16 51T6 and 20 53T6).
Notification time - up to 9 minutes
* * * * *
Having received answers to all questions, we went to the transmitting antenna.
Having received answers to all questions, we went to the transmitting antenna.
Each of the 4 transmitters consists of 72 individual replaceable cell blocks
Each of the 4 transmitters consists of 72 individual replaceable cell blocks
In the department of antenna-feeder system transportation and replacement of modules, the staff of the DON-2N radar performs the tasks of setting up, testing the transmitting modules for operability. To perform these tasks, special workplaces are equipped, as well as manipulators and a lifting and transport system for installing serviceable transmitting modules into the antenna sheet.
The moment of installation of one of the blocks
The moment of installation of one of the blocks
And this is what the lifting and transport system actually looks like. More information about the transport system can be found from the journalists who came
