By analogy with the ground forces of the Russian Federation, naval aviation dramatically increases the capabilities of the fleet. A subdivision of the MA of the Navy was created to solve several problems:

• search, destruction of sea, air and land targets;
• aerial reconnaissance and ship guidance;
• making/destruction of minefields;
• electronic warfare;
• search / rescue of victims;
• transportation and landing of special forces.

The main part of aviation is based on the shore, the smaller part of it - ship aviation is located on the only aircraft-carrying cruiser in the Russian Federation "Admiral Kuznetsov". The structure includes only helicopters and aircraft, previously used hydroplanes are now used by the Ministry of Emergency Situations for transportation and fire fighting.

Formation of naval aviation

The Russian Air Force, which is part of the Aerospace Forces, celebrates Aviation Day on August 12. Subdivisions naval aviation The Russian Navy celebrates its "Birthday" almost a month earlier - on July 17th. This type of troops is very specific, it protects the borders of two elements at once - water and sky. The history of the development of naval aviation can be represented by the following dates:

• 1910 - in the summer the Antoinette-4 aircraft was purchased for the Maritime Department, the first flight on it was made by Lieutenant Dorozhinsky from the Kulikovo airfield in Sevastopol;
• 1912 - Vice-Admiral Grigorovich signed an order in May on the creation of air squadrons in the fleet, in August the first hydroplane was launched on Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg;
• 1914 - First World War prevented the deployment of air squadrons in the Pacific Fleet, and by order the existing units were transferred to the communications service;
• 1916 - On July 17, four Russian aircraft repulsed an attack by the same number of German aircraft in the Baltic, which is considered to be the Russian Navy's MA Day;
• 1916 - the structure of divisions was formed - a detachment of 4 - 8 aircraft, a division of 2 - 4 detachments, a brigade of 2 - 4 divisions, a division - at least 2 brigades, the relationship between the chiefs / commanders of aviation and naval aviation);
• 1916 - the creation of the Van flotilla (Lake Van, Turkey) from two seaplanes M-5 under the command of midshipman Ivanov to support the Baku detachment, the Peipsi hydro-aviation detachment (Lake Peipsi);
• 1917 - formation of a brigade special purpose with divisional powers to support the Arctic Ocean flotilla;
• 1917 - for the management of fleet aviation, the department of UMAiV headed by A. A. Tuchkov was created;
• 1917 - V.I. Lenin appoints A.P. air force UVOFLOT, out of control;
• 1918 - The Baltic division is evacuated to the Volga, the command changes its status to a special brigade (three divisions of eight detachments);
• 1918 The Black Sea division ceases to exist after the loss of personnel and equipment;
• 1920 - the subordination of naval aviation to the Red Army Air Fleet, M.F. Pogodin, then A.P. Onufriev becomes an assistant in hydroaviation.

Later, from 1920, for 18 years, the Russian Naval Aviation Fleet was subordinate to the Red Army Air Force. In the 1930s, Polar Aviation was formed from MA pilots. Then the People's Commissariat of the Navy again allocates Naval Aviation in December 1937, the further development of this type of troops continues:

• 1937 - S. F. Zhavoronkov became the head of the Navy Aviation (Aviation Marshal of the USSR since 1944);
• 1941 - formation of three detachments from civil aviation at the end of June for transportation within the fleets, giving units of attack aircraft and combat aircraft of the Border Troops belonging to the NKVD;
• 1941 - creation of a strike special group of 15 DB-3T aircraft by decree of the People's Commissar of the Navy of the USSR N. G. Kuznetsov;
• 1941 - in the fall, units and formations that had lost military equipment were disbanded, the crews were sent to the rear.

In 1942, the 1st, 5th and 13th regiments of the Baltic, the 72nd regiment of the Northern Fleet were awarded the title of Guards. A little later, the 2.5, 6 and 8 regiments of the Black Sea Fleet were added to them. After giving naval aviation in the next two years, bombers and attack aircraft Pe-2 and Il-2, the corresponding units of the Navy MA were added.

In 1943, instead of floating boats, foreign bombers and fighters Boston, Airacobra P-39, Kittyhawk, Tomahawk and P-40 began to be used in reconnaissance units.

AT last years war in the Northern Fleet, the 14th division of the SAD was added, the Pacific 15th and 15th SAD, the Black Sea 13th PAD. After the Victory, the assault units of the Navy aviation were eliminated, but three divisions were created - 17th, 18th SAD in the Pacific Fleet, 19th MTAD of the Navy Civil Code. Taking into account the effectiveness of hostilities during the Second World War, further development of naval aviation took place as follows:

• 1946 - the abolition of the Civil Code of the Navy, subordination to the Minister of the Armed Forces, renaming the Air Force of the Navy into the Naval Aviation, transition to peacetime staff;
• 1946 - disbandment of all flying units due to decommissioning of MBR-2 flying boats;
• 1947 - the division of the TF into 5 and 7 Pacific Fleets, the Baltic Fleet into 4 and 8 Baltic Fleets.

Until 1950, 3 divisions were reduced, the flotillas lost bases, defensive areas and aviation itself. So next year fighter pilots began retraining on MiG-15 and MiG-17 jet aircraft. The reform of 1951 re-equipped units with torpedo bombers instead of mine-torpedo aircraft. In 1953, the Pacific Fleet became united again, and in 1956 this happened to the Baltic Fleet.

In 1953, the Aviation of the Fleets was again renamed the Air Force of the Pacific Fleet, Northern Fleet, Baltic Fleet and Black Sea Fleet, respectively. At the same time, helicopters entered service:

• Ka-15s were based on ships;
• Mi-4 were formed in separate squadrons on the land.

Later in 1958 they were reorganized into regiments of the OAPV. Part of the fighter aviation was reassigned to the air defense forces, for whose commanders pilots in vests became a headache. A completely new division, the MRA Naval Missile-Carrying Aviation, emerged in 1961. As new combat vehicles appeared, they were equipped with naval aviation units of the fleets:

• 1962 - reconnaissance supersonic Tu-22R;
• 1963 - modification of the reconnaissance aircraft Tu-95RTs;
• 1965 - Be-12 amphibious aircraft;
• 1967 - Il-38 anti-submarine aircraft;
• 1969 - Tu-142 (long-range complex);
• 1972 - Ka-27 helicopter for long-range patrols from the shore and on board the vessel.

In the 70s, the development of distant airfields outside the USSR by naval aviation took place:

• Pacific Ocean - Vietnam;
• Atlantic Ocean - Angola, Guinea and Cuba;
• Indian Ocean - Yemen, Somalia, Ethiopia;
• Mediterranean Sea - Syria and Egypt.

Since 1974, the Tu-22M2 missile carrier with variable geometry wing entered the MRA of the Baltic and Black Sea Fleet.

Six years later, he became a standard armament of the Pacific Fleet. Aircraft-carrying cruisers TAVKR, suitable for Yak-38 vertical take-off aircraft, were launched in the mid-70s. For the Northern Fleet, the cruiser TAVKR Kyiv was built, for the Pacific Fleet Novorossiysk and Minsk.

In 1975, assault coastal units with Su-17M aircraft. In 1979, for the needs of ekranoplans of the Eaglet MDE type, the 11th air group of the Navy was created, which was directly subordinate to Moscow.

In 1980, the AVMF was once again renamed the Air Force of the Navy. The only aircraft-carrying heavy cruiser to date, Admiral Kuznetsov, was commissioned in 1991.

Change in the structure of the MA of the Navy

At the beginning of the year following the creation of air squadrons in the fleets of the Russian Empire, that is, January 1913, the Black Sea Fleet was armed with 5 hydroplanes, and the Baltic Fleet was armed with 2 wheeled airplanes and one hydroplane. A unit of 3 officers was introduced into the General Staff of the Navy - the aviation department.

At the beginning of World War I, 10 officer pilots were trained in the fleets, and 20 already had diplomas, there were 10 and 8 seaplanes in the Baltic and Black Seas, respectively. By 1915, the Black Sea and Baltic Fleets had 30 and 47 hydroplanes, respectively, and had 859 lower ranks and 78 officers in the state.

By 1917, the number of airplanes reached 264 units:

• 29 aircraft - Baku and Petrograd aviation schools;
• 88 aircraft and 20 seaplanes Grigorovich M-11, M-12 - Baltic;
• 152 aircraft, 4 controlled small balloons, 61 hydroplanes M-11 and M-12 - Black Sea Fleet.

There were 1339 privates, non-commissioned officers and conductors, 96 officers in the Baltic Fleet. On the Black Sea - 1039 and 115 people, respectively. M. I. Fedorovich with the rank of captain of the 1st rank became the head of the Black Sea division, and B. P. Dudorov in the same rank of the Baltic Sea. Before the October Revolution, the Russian MA included a division and 2 brigades of the Black Sea Fleet, a detachment and 2 brigades of the Baltic, with a total of 169 aircraft.

After the revolution, there were 9 Nieuport-17 fighters and 104 M-5, M-9, M-11 and M-15 seaplanes on the Black Sea for 74 pilots, on the Baltic Sea 24 Nieuport-21 fighters, 74 boats flying M-15, M -16 and M-95 for 87 pilots. Schools of aerobatics and air combat worked in Krasnoselsk (25 pilots), Oranienbaum (50 pilots), Baku (180 cadets) with 75 training aircraft.

In the autumn of 1918, the Naval Aviation of the USSR consisted of the Onega, Caspian, Volga and Belomorsky air squadrons. There were 9 fighters left (Swan and Nieuport), only 18 M-9 seaplanes, 14 aircraft remained in the Baltic.

Then, in two years, this branch of the military was developed, in 1920 it had 4 fighter and 10 hydroair squadrons with a fleet of 75 aircraft.

Since 1921, naval aviation subordinated to the Air Force of the Red Army of the USSR existed in the form of units:

• VF Baltic - a separate fighter detachment, 2 reconnaissance detachments, an equipment division;
• VF of the Azov and Black Seas - a fighter detachment, 2 reconnaissance detachments, a hydroaviation division.

In the summer of 1937, aviation schools were opened in Nikolaev and Yeisk, and an aviation technical school in Perm. MA bombers appear, using torpedoes and mines. By 1940, the Navy Aviation consisted of 38 reconnaissance aircraft and bombers (Pe-2 and Che-2, respectively), 51 fighters (Yak-1 and MiG-3), 2824 combat aircraft.

During Finnish war naval aviation operated exclusively over land, disrupting road and rail transportation. Due to the significant distance of deployment points from the borders with Germany, in the first days of the war, this branch of service, unlike the USSR Air Force, did not suffer losses either in equipment or in manpower. But later, naval aviation was attracted to cover ground forces, and the crews were not ready for such tasks, the losses were very significant.

Immediately after the formation of a special strike group, DB-3T aircraft dropped bombs on Berlin and returned to the base without loss. The special operation was commanded by Colonel E. N. Preobrazhensky. During the next 7 sorties of torpedo bombers converted into bombers, the unit lost 7 crews and 18 aircraft. After that, such sabotage behind enemy lines was no longer undertaken.

At the end of 1943, the Navy MA had 12 formations:

• Pacific Fleet - 12 ShAD, 10 dietary supplements, 7 IAD, 2 MTAD;
• BF - 9 ShAD, 8 MTAD, 3 IAD;
• Black Sea Fleet - 11 ShAD, 4 IAD, 1 MTAD.

Thus, at the beginning of the Second World War (1941 - 1942), the structure of the USSR naval aviation looked like this:

• aviation fleets - Pinsk, Onega, Ladoga, Caucasian, Volga, Azov and Amur;
• Air Force fleet - Pacific, Northern, Black Sea, Baltic;
• Air Force Flotilla STO;
• 2 AGGUSMP;
• 3 AGVMF;
• parts of subordination to the central administration - Astrakhan LIS, 64 OAP, 13 AP, 3 ZAP, 2 ZAP, 1 ZAP, AB schools, VMAU Levanevsky and Stalin, KUNS.

The management of these units was located in the capital of the USSR. Combat flights to Japan were made by aviation units of the Amur Flotilla, the Pacific Fleet and the Pacific Fleet. In 1946, the Naval Aviation had 145 aircraft in schools, 330 hydroplanes, 482 attack aircraft, 727 torpedo bombers and bombers, 1159 fighters and 1059 imported aircraft.

From 1961 to 1985, the MA structure looked like this:

• a missile-carrying division - in each fleet, two in the TFO at once;
• reconnaissance regiment - one in each fleet;
• squadron or regiment of helicopters - 1 - 2 for each fleet of the USSR;
• transport regiment - one in each fleet;
• anti-submarine regiment - one in each fleet.

Special forces squadrons were created in the fleet to solve various tasks in the required amount

During the Soviet era, naval aviation included the following units:

• special - ambulance, towing, corrective aircraft, communications, minesweepers, air tankers;
• transport - transportation of ground transport and manpower;
• search and rescue - Ka-27 helicopters;
• anti-submarine - designed to combat submarines;
• fighter - escorting bombers, destroying enemy air targets;
• assault - targeted destruction of land and sea targets;
• missile-carrying - armed with air / surface shells.

From 1950 to 1954, the structure also included aviation training squadrons in each division of mine-torpedo and fighter units. For example, there were 10 training squadrons in the Pacific Fleet. They were disbanded after the retraining of the flight crew on the Il-28 and MiG-15 vehicles.

Armament and equipment

For aviation of the Russian Navy, the purchase of aircraft equipment abroad is used, which was not the case in the days of the USSR in principle. Basically, these are Czech combat training aircraft L-39. The units include combat aircraft:

1. Electronic intelligence:
   
2. Anti-submarine aviation:
   
3. Transport and long-range aviation:
   
4. Fighter aircraft:
   
5. Helicopters:
   

Land and ship-based naval aviation was involved in military operations in Syria in 2016-2017. At the same time, TAVKR Admiral Kuznetsov lost two aircraft, the crews remained alive.

combat composition

Until 2008, the structure of naval aviation looked like this:

• Pacific Fleet - transport squadron No. 71, Knevichi base, composition of Tu-134, An-26, An-24 and An-12; fighter regiment No. 865, Yelizovo base, MiG-31; mixed regiment No. 568, base Kamenny Ruchey, composition of Tu-142M3, Tu-142MR and Tu-22M3; mixed regiment No. 317, Yelizovo base, composition of An-26, Mi-8 and -38; anti-submarine regiment No. 289, Nikolaevka base, composition of Ka-29, Ka-27, Il-18 and Il-38;
• Black Sea Fleet - assault regiment No. 43, Gvardeyskoye base, composition of the Su-24MR and Su-24; mixed regiment No. 917, Kacha base, composition of Be-12, An-26 and An-2; anti-submarine helicopter regiment No. 25, Kacha base, Mi-8, Mi-14 and Ka-27;
• Northern Fleet - anti-submarine squadron No. 73, Kipelovo base, Tu-142 composition; rocket-carrying guards regiment No. 924, base Olenegorsk, composition of Tu-22M3; anti-submarine helicopter Red Banner Regiment No. 830, Severomorsk-1 base, Ka-29 and Ka-27; mixed regiment No. 403, Severomorsk-1 base, composition of Tu-134, Il-38, An-26 and An-12; fighter regiment No. 279, Severomorsk-3 base, MiG-29KUB, MiG-29K, Su-25UTG and Su-33;
• BF - transport squadron No. 398 Khrabrovo base, composition of An-26 and An-24; anti-submarine helicopter squadron No. 396, Donskoye base, Ka-29 and Ka-27; helicopter squadron No. 125, Chkalovsk base, Mi-24 and Mi-8; fighter regiment No. 689, Chkalovsk base, Su-27; Assault Guards Regiment No. 4, Chernyakhovsk base, Su-24 composition.

Since the only TAVKR in Russia is assigned to the Northern Fleet, carrier-based aviation of the Russian Navy is available only in the Northern Fleet. This ship does not fall under the category of an aircraft carrier; in comparison with the US strike groups, the following situation has developed:

• one Russian carrier cruiser against 10 full-fledged American aircraft carriers;
• out of the design 50 combat units on board Admiral Kuznetsov there are 4 MiG-29KUB, 10 MiG-29K, 2 Su-25UTG and 14 Su-33, i.e. 30 pieces;
• due to the lack of encirclement ships, the TAVKR will not be able to use its main advantage - the P-700 Granit and P-1000 Vulkan.

However, for 2017-2020, it is planned to equip the naval aviation units with 100 units of new aircraft.

Naval Aviation of the Russian Navy

After numerous transformations, name changes and changes in the tasks to be solved, the naval combat aviation of the Russian Navy restored its combat capability and developed. At present, I.S. Kozhin, commander of naval aviation of the Russian Navy, who took up that position in 2010, in August. Combat vehicles have their own identification marks, and the personnel have a standard uniform for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and mixed ranks.

Dress

Since the aviation of the Russian Navy does not belong to special units, several types of uniforms have been adopted for personnel:

• everyday - camouflage of the latest reform (jacket and trousers);
• flight technical - tropical or blue, overalls, suit, jacket;
• front - black epaulette with a blue edging and a gap of the same color.

Navy cockades with anchors are used on headdresses, an additional emblem is provided for caps, attached to the left.

Identification marks

Currently, the aviation of the Russian Navy wears tricolor stars - red circled in bold blue and a thin red line - and license plate type FR-00000. The inscription may look like MA of the Russian Navy" or "Russian Navy". The plans of the command are to restore the stars of the USSR model without edging in blue.

Military ranks

Since the aviation of the Russian Navy simultaneously belongs to two types of troops, military personnel have the ranks:

• colonel general, lieutenant general and major general;
• colonel and lieutenant colonel;
• major;
• captain, senior lieutenant and lieutenant;
• senior warrant officer and warrant officer;
• foreman;
• senior sergeant, sergeant and junior sergeant;
• senior sailor and sailor.

Thus, at present, naval aviation is a branch of the Russian Navy, understaffed with equipment and personnel, therefore it solves a limited range of tasks, inferior to similar units of a potential enemy.

The Navy is historically distinguished by a higher political significance compared to other branches of the Armed Forces, approaching in this indicator the creation of the newest time - the strategic nuclear forces. The processes of re-equipping the fleet and its reorganization in this regard are closely monitored in all major powers - and Russia is no exception here. The development of naval aviation, the most important component of the fleets throughout the world, can say much more about the military plans of the state than many other processes.

Tests of the Ka-52 on the BOD SF "Vice-Admiral Kulakov"

Russian naval aviation in the post-Soviet era experienced one of the most difficult periods of its existence, when from a formidable force of several hundred aircraft and helicopters of various classes, only a few dozen machines remained as part of disparate parts with an unclear future. The revival of naval aviation today starts largely from scratch, and there is still a long way to go before bringing it back to normal.

In 2011, Russian naval aviation almost completely lost its strike component - it, fighters, Su-24 front-line bombers, as well as some transport aircraft, were transferred to the Air Force. The only exception was the Su-24 bombers from the aviation of the Black Sea Fleet, which remained subordinate to the Navy due to the fact that the agreements between Russia and Ukraine allowed the deployment of only naval aviation in Crimea, but not the Russian Air Force.

In addition to the squadron of the Black Sea Su-24s, the fleet’s aviation included Il-38 and Tu-142 anti-submarine aircraft, Be-12 seaplanes, Su-25 attack aircraft, Ka-27 carrier-based helicopters and a certain number of transport aircraft and helicopters.

Russian aircraft carrier: it's time to get down to business

The withdrawal of strike forces from the naval aviation was caused by the desire to simplify the management and maintenance of the relevant units and formations, as well as their very poor condition due to chronic underfunding - for example, from several dozen Tu-22M3 missile carriers to carry out combat missions no more than ten cars could.

The carrier-based aviation was also in a deplorable state: the only Russian one with an air group consisting of a dozen and a half Soviet-built Su-33s, several Su-25UTG training aircraft and helicopters went to sea quite rarely, and the prospects for updating the fleet of carrier-based aircraft were more than vague. In such a state, it could be more about the elimination of naval aviation as a branch of the Navy, than about any prospects.

Carrier-based aviation: a new hope

The prospects for major changes dawned after a contract was signed in 2011 to build universal landing ships type . Obtaining even two such ships implies a serious modernization of the fleet's existing helicopter fleet and the construction of new machines.

The main novelty was the Ka-52K carrier-based attack helicopters designed to support marines and special forces units during operations on the coast. In addition, they will be able to hit surface targets. This type of helicopter is currently being tested. On February 8, 2014, a contract was signed for the supply of 16 Ka-52Ks to the Russian Navy.

Russian fighter 5th generation

Following the renewal of the fleet of helicopters (expressed, among other things, in the arrival of the upgraded anti-submarine Ka-27M with digital equipment to the fleet), it was the turn of the modernization of the air wing of the only Russian aircraft carrier. In addition to the overhaul of the remaining Su-33s, which can then be operated until the mid-to-late 2020s, Admiral Kuznetsov should receive new MiG-29K carrier-based fighters. As a result, its air wing will include 12-16 Su-33 and 24 MiG-29K fighters, which will significantly increase the capabilities of the aircraft carrier, bringing the composition of its air group closer to that originally planned back in the 1980s.

As a more distant perspective, a promising fifth-generation carrier-based fighter, created as part of the PAK KA program, a promising aviation complex for naval aviation, is considered. It is assumed that this machine will be a naval version of the "land" fifth-generation fighter T-50, which first took to the air in 2010 and is currently being tested.

The appearance of a new deck carrier is possible in the first half of the 2020s, and it will have to replace the Su-33 on the overhauled Admiral Kuznetsov, and also form the basis of the air wing of the new Russian aircraft carrier, the project of which is currently being developed.

After Crimea: the return of striking power

In 2014, the plans for the development of the armed forces in general and the Navy in particular had to be seriously adjusted taking into account the changing situation: the reunification with Crimea greatly changed the situation not only on the southwestern borders of Russia, but also in the world. The changes also affected naval aviation. In particular, strike forces will return to its composition. These plans were discussed before Crimean events, but they became a catalyst for the process.

In the next few years, the fleet will receive Su-30SM multi-role fighters, which can provide effective support to warships both in maritime theaters (in the Black, Japanese, Baltic Seas) and increase the radius of aviation support in ocean theaters, operating from bases on the Kola Peninsula, Sakhalin and Kamchatka.

Multifunctional fighter Su-30SM

It is expected that by the end of 2015 a contract will be signed for the supply of 50 fighters of this type for the Russian Navy, in the future this number may increase. Su-30SMs are also supplied to the Air Force (60 aircraft under two existing contracts).

The update will also affect anti-submarine aviation, the range of tasks of which will expand significantly. In most developed countries, with the development of on-board electronic equipment, anti-submarine aircraft began to turn into multi-purpose maritime patrol vehicles during upgrades. A striking example is the modernized P-3 Orion of the US Navy, peers and classmates of the Russian Il-38.

In the course of evolution over the past 30 years, Orions have learned to attack surface ships with anti-ship missiles, operate as an early warning and control aircraft, patrol the exclusive economic zone and territorial waters, searching for smugglers and poachers.

A similar modernization is already underway on Russian anti-submarine vehicles - the first Il-38N was handed over to the fleet on July 15, 2014. But for the full spectrum of challenges posed to Russia by its longest maritime border in the world, coupled with sustained melting polar ice, 28 Il-38s, which are planned to be modernized, are clearly not enough - for example, the United States has 130 machines of this class. Wherein given number many American experts also consider insufficient.

A-42PE seaplane project

Russia cannot compete with the United States, catching up with them in terms of the number of naval aviation, but there are opportunities for significantly strengthening naval aviation with the purchase of new aircraft.

First of all, we are talking about the A-42 seaplane, which was created on the basis of the A-40 Albatross developed in the 80s of the last century. These machines, capable of landing on the water, among other tasks of maritime patrol aircraft, can be used in rescue operations.

The military department has already announced plans for the purchase of the A-42. In particular, in 2008 it was reported about the intention to purchase four such aircraft in the search and rescue version by 2010, and then move on to the purchase of multi-purpose vehicles capable of carrying weapons. However, these plans have not yet been implemented.

According to the former commander of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy, Lieutenant General Valery Uvarov, the Russian Navy would need 15-20 new seaplanes to cover the need for search and rescue vehicles and significantly strengthen the fleet of anti-submarine aircraft. It is hardly possible to talk about the complete replacement of old machines with the A-42 - given the state of the Taganrog plant where these machines are produced, as well as the smaller Be-200, purchased by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, it may take about 20 years to complete an order for at least 40 of these machines .

Another option that would make it possible to completely replace the fleet of old aircraft within an acceptable timeframe is the purchase of Tu-214P aircraft. This machine, created on the basis of the Tu-204/214 airliner, is roughly equivalent in ideology to the latest American P-8 Poseidon patrol aircraft, created on the basis of the B-737 airliner.

Landing ship "Mistral"

Deployment of serial production of such machines by order of the Navy is a more realistic task than launching a large series of A-42s, and, among other things, this will support the production of Tu-204 aircraft, for which there are practically no commercial orders today. The production of 50-60 such machines over ten years, combined with a small series of A-42s, oriented primarily to rescue missions, could generally alleviate the problem and lay the foundation for the further development of naval aviation.

Finally, it is possible to support an aviation group in the near zone by ordering Il-114 aircraft in a patrol modification. Such machines can quite effectively provide patrols in closed maritime theaters, releasing the modernized Il-38N and, if ordered, Tu-214P, for ocean theaters.

Assessing the prospects for changes in naval aviation as a whole, we can say that the key task of this type of naval force remains to ensure the fleet's capabilities to protect its own maritime frontiers. Nevertheless, some attention is also paid to the possibilities of force projection - the modernization of the Admiral Kuznetsov air wing, the planned overhaul of the aircraft carrier itself, the construction of two landing ships of the Mistral type will allow the Navy to form a core of forces capable of conducting local operations at a great distance from bases with a full-fledged aviation support. A further increase in such opportunities depends primarily on the prospects for the country's economic development.

100 years have passed since the first victory of Russian naval pilots during the First World War. On July 17 (July 4, old style), 1916, four M-9 seaplanes from the Orlitsa aircraft carrier of the Baltic Fleet defended the Russian naval base on the island of Saaremaa (now Estonian territory) from a German air raid. Two Kaiser planes were shot down, Russian hydroplanes returned without loss.

Naval aviation- a branch of the Russian Navy, designed to search for and destroy the enemy, cover groupings of ships and objects from air strikes, as well as to conduct aerial reconnaissance.

Naval aviation is functionally divided into several types: naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine, fighter, reconnaissance and auxiliary purposes. Depending on the location, it is conditionally divided into deck-based and coastal-based aviation.

The Russian Navy currently has one aircraft carrier - the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral Fleet Soviet Union Kuznetsov". It is based on:

carrier-based fighters Su-33, MiG-29K/KUB;

training aircraft Su-25UTG;

multi-purpose shipborne helicopters Ka-27, Ka-29 and Ka-31.

It is expected that Ka-52K Katran attack helicopters will be based on the cruiser in the near future. Projects of a promising aircraft carrier and universal amphibious assault ships-helicopter carriers are under development.

In service with the coastal aviation of the Russian Navy:

long-range anti-submarine aircraft Tu-142 (modification strategic bomber Tu-95);

anti-submarine aircraft Il-20 and Il-38;

fighter-interceptors MiG-31;

transport aircraft An-12, An-24, An-26;

helicopters Ka-52K, Mi-8, Mi-24, Ka-31 and others.

Fighter aviation

Su-33

Russian carrier-based fighter of the fourth generation, developed for the Russian Navy in the Sukhoi Design Bureau under the leadership of Mikhail Petrovich Simonov, formerly known as the Su-27K (according to NATO codification: Flanker-D).

The first flight of the Su-27K took place on August 17, 1987, and on November 1, 1989, the Su-27K for the first time in the USSR took off and landed on the aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov.

Adopted on August 31, 1998, and since then it has been the main carrier-based aircraft of the Russian Navy.

The aircraft is controlled by one pilot, armed with a built-in 30-mm cannon GSh-30-1, guided air-to-air missiles, unguided rockets, and aerial bombs.

Max Speed fighter is 2300 km / h, the practical ceiling is 17,000 meters, the flight range is 3,000 km.

Of the 26 serial machines, 4 aircraft were lost in accidents.

Su-33s are part of the Admiral Kuznetsov cruiser.

MiG-29K

MiG-29K/KUB

Russian carrier-based multirole fighter of the fourth generation, which is a further development of the MiG-29 (according to NATO codification: Fulcrum-D).

Deck-based fighters are multifunctional all-weather vehicles of the 4++ generation. Their task includes air defense and anti-ship defense of a formation of ships, strikes against enemy ground targets.

MiG-29K can be based on aircraft carriers capable of receiving aircraft weighing more than 20 tons, equipped with a take-off springboard and landing arrester, as well as on ground airfields.

The aircraft are armed with RVV-AE and R-73E guided missiles for air combat, Kh-31A and Kh-35 anti-ship missiles, Kh-31P anti-radar missiles and KAB-500Kr guided air bombs to destroy ground and surface targets.

The maximum flight speed is 2300 km / h, the service ceiling is 17500 m, the flight range is 2000 km.

It is planned that in the future the MiG-29K/KUB aircraft will form the basis of Russia's carrier-based fighter aircraft.

The MiG-29K/KUB fighters have been introduced into the ship's carrier-based aviation regiment serving on the cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, not instead of the Su-33 and Su-25UTG it has, but in addition to them and will be used in conjunction with them.

Attack and combat training aircraft

All-weather front-line bomber. Designed for delivering missile and bomb strikes against ground and surface targets, including at low altitudes.

The prototype (T-6) made its first flight on July 2, 1967. Adopted by the USSR Air Force February 4, 1975.

Serially built in 1971-1993 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur and Novosibirsk. In total, about 1400 aircraft were produced.

Maximum speed - 1400 km / h, practical range - 2850 km, practical ceiling - 11 thousand meters. Crew - 2 people.

Armament - a 23 mm cannon, on 8 suspension points the aircraft can carry air-to-surface and air-to-air missiles, unguided and corrected aerial bombs and projectiles, removable cannon mounts. It can carry tactical nuclear bombs on board.

About 120 modified units are planned to be replaced by Su-34s by 2020.

Su-25UTG fighter

Su-25UTG

Training aircraft based on the Su-25UB combat trainer. It differs from it in the absence of sighting equipment, control system units, a cannon mount with a cannon, beam holders and pylons, engine armor screens, a radio station for communication with the ground forces, blocks and elements of the defense system.

The first flying model was created on the basis of the Su-25UB (T8-UTG1) in early 1988.

In 1989-1990, the first batch of 10 aircraft was produced.

In 1991-1995, the second and last batch of five Su-25UTGs was built.

Maximum speed - 1000 km / h, practical range - 1850 km, practical ceiling - 7000 meters. Crew - 2 people.

It is in service with the 279th Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment of the Northern Fleet Aviation, as well as the mixed air wing of the 859th Center combat use and retraining of flight personnel in Yeysk.

Anti-submarine aircraft

Be-12

Anti-submarine amphibious aircraft (according to NATO codification: Mail).

In October 1960, the aircraft made its first flight, and since 1963 it began to enter service with the Navy aviation. Created in the Design Bureau named after G. M. Beriev.

The amphibious aircraft is equipped with a set of target equipment that allows you to search for and fight enemy submarines.

Maximum speed - 550 km / h, practical ceiling - 12100 meters, maximum range flight - 4000 km.

As of 2015, the naval aviation of the Russian Navy is armed with 7 Be-12 aircraft.

Il-38N

Anti-submarine aircraft developed at the Design Bureau named after S. V. Ilyushin on the basis of the passenger Il-18V (according to NATO codification: May).

The aircraft is intended for independent or joint with anti-submarine ships search and destruction of submarines, maritime reconnaissance, search and rescue operations and setting minefields.

Crew - 7 people. Maximum speed - 650 km / h, maximum flight range - 9500 km, practical ceiling - 8000 meters.

Armed with anti-submarine torpedoes, anti-submarine bombs and naval mines.

In 2015" Aviation complex them. Ilyushin completed a contract for the repair and modernization of five Il-38 aircraft to the level of Il-38N.

Tu-142M

Tu-142

Russian long-range anti-submarine aircraft (NATO codification: Bear-F).

It is used for long-range ocean reconnaissance, visual or radio engineering, for duty in the search and rescue service system, and only then, for searching and tracking nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles.

The first Tu-142 was produced by plant No. 86 in Taganrog in 1975. The last Tu-142M3 aircraft left the assembly shop in 1994.

In total, in 1968-1994, about 100 Tu-142s of various modifications were manufactured.

Crew - 9 people. Maximum speed - 855 km / h, practical ceiling - 13500 meters.

Armed with explosive drop sound sources, torpedoes, anti-submarine aircraft missiles, anti-submarine and practical bombs, and naval mines.

For defense, a rear gunnery installation with two AM-23 or GSh-23L guns, as well as a set of radio countermeasures, is used.

The Russian Navy is armed with one squadron each in the Northern and Pacific Fleets.

In 2013, it became known that a new anti-submarine aircraft was being developed in Russia to replace the Tu-142M3.

Transport aviation

Military transport aircraft, developed in the design bureau. O. K. Antonova (according to NATO codification: Cub - "Youngster").

The first An-12 took off in Irkutsk on December 16, 1957. The aircraft has established itself as a very reliable aircraft capable of operating in difficult climatic conditions and unpretentious in service.

The aircraft was actively used for military purposes, in emergency situations, for transfer military equipment and personnel, also for passenger and cargo transportation, search and rescue of space objects, crews of manned spaceships and aircraft in distress.

The artillery armament of the aircraft consists of PV-23U cannon armament, which includes a DB-65U aft turret with two 23-mm AM-23 cannons, an electrical system remote control turret and sighting and computing unit.

In addition, it can carry on board up to 70 high-explosive fragmentation or incendiary bombs of 100 kg caliber.

Maximum flight speed - 660 km / h, practical ceiling - up to 10,000 m, flight range - up to 5530 km.

An-26

Military transport aircraft, developed in the design bureau. O. K. Antonov (according to NATO codification: Curl - "Whirlwind", among the people - Humpbacked, Fantomas, Nastya, Nastenka).

It is a modification of the original An-24 model.

The crew of the aircraft - 6 people. It can carry on board 38 personnel or up to 30 paratroopers.

Maximum speed - 540 km / h, flight range - up to 2660 km, practical ceiling - 7300 m.

It can also be equipped with air bombs with a caliber of up to 500 kg.

Helicopters

Ka-27

Shipborne anti-submarine helicopter (according to NATO codification: Helix - "Spiral").

Designed to solve the problems of anti-submarine defense of the fleet based on ships of various classes, including aircraft carriers.

The helicopter is capable of detecting modern underwater and surface targets, transmitting data about them to ship and coastal tracking points, and attacking them using airborne weapons.

To destroy submarines, AT-1MV anti-submarine torpedoes, APR-23 missiles and PLAB free-falling anti-submarine bombs of 50 and 250 kg caliber can be suspended from the helicopter.

Crew - 3 people, maximum speed - 270 km / h, practical flight range - up to 900 km, practical ceiling - 5000 m.

A promising helicopter for naval aviation, which is being developed to replace the multi-purpose Ka-27, received the codename "Minoga".

Helicopter Ka-52K (ship)

Ka-52K

Ka-52 - multipurpose attack helicopter, is an upgrade of the Black Shark. Developed in Moscow by the design bureau of OAO Kamov.

Designed to destroy tanks, armored and unarmored military equipment, manpower and enemy helicopters in any weather conditions and at any time of the day.

It can provide fire support for the landing force, patrol and escort military columns.
The first flight was made on June 25, 1997. Serially produced since 2008.

Ka-52 is a helicopter with coaxial three-bladed rotors, two gas turbine engines, a straight wing, developed vertical and horizontal tail surfaces and a retractable tricycle landing gear in flight.

Ka-52K - ship-based helicopter.

The crew consists of two people. Maximum speed - 300 km / h, practical range - 1 thousand 160 km, practical ceiling - 5.5 thousand meters.

Equipped with a 30 mm caliber gun, guided and unguided missiles up to 2 thousand kg on 4 hardpoints.

According to Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov, the Ka-52, which demonstrated its high combat qualities during the Syrian campaign, has a serious modernization potential.

In 2015, Russia signed a contract with Egypt for the supply of 46 Ka-52 Alligator helicopters. They can also supply shipborne Ka-52K Katran, designed for Mistral-type helicopter carriers.

The origin of aviation in Russia became possible thanks to the initiative of military sailors. It was the sailors who were the first to see in aircraft an important means of increasing the power of the navy and put a lot of effort and money into the training of aviation personnel, the acquisition of aircraft and the organization of domestic aircraft construction.

The world's first proposal, in which the interaction of a ship and an aircraft was predetermined, was also born in the Russian Navy. Its author was the captain of the corps of engineers of the fleet Lev Makarovich Matsievich. As early as October 23, 1909, in his first memorandum to the Main Naval Staff, he predicted the future of naval aviation, proposed to start building an aircraft carrier, a seaplane and a catapult to launch it from the deck of a ship. It is no coincidence that in Russia the very process of the movement of aircraft is called aeronautics, aviation is called the air fleet, the sky is the fifth ocean, and heavy aircraft are called ships.

Hydroaviation in Russia began to emerge in 1911. At first, seaplanes were purchased abroad, but soon Russian engineers V.A. Lebedev and D.P. Grigorovich created several models of flying boats, which allowed the Russian Military Department in 1912-1914. on the basis of domestic seaplanes, to form the first aviation units as part of the Baltic and Black Sea fleets. At the same time, the flying boat designed by Grigorovich M-5 surpassed foreign models of similar types in terms of its flight performance.

At first, naval aviation was used mainly in the interests of reconnaissance, that is, as a means of supporting the combat activities of the fleet. However, the experience of using aviation in the very first months of the outbreak of the First World War showed that combat capabilities aircraft go far beyond reconnaissance. They began to be used for bombardment and shelling from the air of objects in the bases of the fleet and in ports, ships and ships of the enemy at sea.

AT Russian fleet Grigorovich's M-9 seaplanes, which had machine guns and were capable of carrying bombs, were based on the first aircraft carrier Orlitsa. On July 4, 1916, four aircraft from Orlitsa conducted an air battle over by the Baltic Sea with four German aircraft, which ended in victory for Russian naval pilots. Two of the Kaiser's airplanes were shot down and the other two fled. Our pilots returned to their aircraft without loss.

This day - July 4, 1916 - the day of the first victory in an air battle over the sea by naval pilots on domestic seaplanes based on the first domestic aircraft carrier, is rightfully considered the birthday of naval aviation.

By the middle of 1917, a turning point for the history of Russia, the Russian Navy had the prerequisites for turning aviation into one of the main forces of the fleet, which served as the basis for the establishment of a special body in the Naval Department - the Directorate of Naval Aviation and Aeronautics.

After the October Revolution, the Soviet military leadership, in the course of the armed struggle against the interventionists and the White Guards on the fronts adjacent to the sea, in regions with lakes and along major rivers could not do without hydroaviation. The creation of new formations of naval aviation began.

April 27, 1918 was the birthday of the aviation of the Baltic Fleet. Then the Special Purpose Air Brigade was formed in its composition.

March 3, 1921 is considered the birthday of the aviation of the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR. On this day, the formation of the Headquarters of the Air Fleet of the Black and Seas of Azov. On April 4, 1932, the aviation of the Pacific Fleet was born, and on August 18, 1936, the aviation of the Northern Fleet.

History shows that in the 20s and 30s, when naval aviation was organizationally part of the Red Army Air Force, the top leadership of the country and the leadership of the People's Commissariat of Defense assigned aviation tasks to support ground forces, cover troops and rear facilities from strikes from the air, as well as to combat aerial reconnaissance enemy. In accordance with this, the development and construction of aircraft and their weapons were carried out, and pilot training programs were drawn up in aviation educational institutions. The operational-tactical training of leading military personnel and all combat training military aviation. At the same time, naval aviation was assigned a secondary role, so the fleet of naval aviation in these years was replenished only with seaplanes, intended mainly for conducting aerial reconnaissance at sea. Flight personnel for her were prepared only at the Yeisk School of Naval Pilots and Letnabs.

Flying boat Grigorovich M-9

The 1930s witnessed the triumph of aviation, design ideas and, above all, naval pilots, who showed outstanding examples of flying skills, courage, courage and heroism.

They were repeatedly involved in the performance of special and government assignments. The polar aviation was recruited from naval pilots, which played a huge role in the development of the Northern Sea Route, the importance of which for our country can hardly be overestimated.

The pilots especially showed themselves when rescuing the Chelyuskinites in 1934. Their courage and heroism, their willingness to take risks in order to save the lives of people in trouble, became a convincing basis for the establishment in our country the highest degree state distinction - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The Gold Star of the Hero number one was awarded to naval pilot Anatoly Vasilievich Lyapidevsky. At the same time, naval pilots I. Doronin, S. Levanevsky and V. Molokov were awarded this title.

The country lived with great construction projects. The state took measures to strengthen the country's defense capability. The Navy received new warships, including those capable of taking seaplanes on board. But this was far from enough.

The situation changed dramatically for the better with the formation of the People's Commissariat of the Navy, when naval aviation became organizationally part of it. By this time, the views on naval aviation as one of the main branches of the fleet's forces were finally established. Commander Semyon Fedorovich Zhavoronkov was the first to be appointed to the post of Chief of Aviation of the USSR Navy, who received the profession of a military pilot at a relatively mature age (34 years) and successfully commanded the aviation of the Navy until 1947. In 1944 he was promoted to air marshal.

The Aviation Flight Test Institute played a positive role in the further development of naval aviation. Its specialists developed tactical and technical requirements for the equipment and armament of naval aviation, tested prototypes and modernized models of aviation equipment and weapons, and also provided retraining of the leading flight and technical staff.

On a large scale, fleets began to receive heavy aircraft of the same type as those in service with the Red Army Air Force TB-1, TB-3 and DB-3, specially converted for the use of mine-torpedo weapons - a traditional naval means of destroying the underwater part of ships and vessels at sea .

Soon, mine and torpedo aviation stood out from bomber aviation and was organized into an independent branch of naval aviation.

With the transfer of aviation educational institutions to the fleet, the system of training naval aviation personnel became more perfect and purposeful. The School of Naval Pilots and Flyers in Yeysk and the School of Naval Pilots of the Polar Aviation Directorate of the Glavsevmorput in Nikolaev were transformed into Naval Aviation Schools, and the Military School of Aviation Technicians in Perm into the Naval Aviation Technical School. During the first three years, the number of cadets in these educational institutions increased several times.

For the training of command personnel of naval aviation, a command and aviation faculty was established at the Naval Academy, and one-year advanced training courses for the leadership of fleet aviation were opened at it.

Aviation design bureaus and enterprises focused on the production of equipment and weapons for naval aviation also began to work purposefully. All this could not but contribute to the fact that naval aviation by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War significantly increased in quantity and quality; this subsequently affected the effectiveness of its use in hostilities.

However, the uncertainty organizational structure reflected in the nature of the views of its operational-tactical application. For a long time it was believed that air combat at sea would be carried out mainly by operational formations (air corps) of the Red Army Air Force. In accordance with this, in operational training, the interaction of fleets and air corps was worked out, and naval aviation was entrusted with providing the fleet with air reconnaissance and air defense of the basing of the fleet and ships at sea.

In practice, this did not happen. Neither front-line aviation nor long-range aviation formed in 1942 took any significant part in any operation of the fleets, and naval aviation became one of the main strike forces of the fleet.

From the first days of the war, due to the situation on the coastal fronts, naval aviation was used to deliver strikes against the combat formations of the advancing enemy. And this task became the main one for a long time, although naval aviation did not prepare for its solution in the prewar years.

Apparently, this lesson of history should be fully taken into account in the combat training of naval aviation in our peacetime as well.

The book convincingly shows that the most effective were fighting naval aviation against enemy ships and vessels at sea, which fully corresponds to its main combat mission.

The sections of the book devoted to the combat operations of the naval aviation during the Great Patriotic War are full of facts of the exploits of naval aviators. The first among naval pilots in this war to achieve success was the fighter air squadron of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet, attached to the Danube Flotilla, under the command of Captain A.I. Korobitsyn.

In the Baltic, the account of downed enemy aircraft was opened by the deputy squadron commander, Captain A.K. Antonenko, and in the Northern Fleet, by the air squadron commander, Senior Lieutenant B.F. Safonov.

The pilots of the Baltic under the command of Colonel E. N. Preobrazhensky, who delivered the first blow to Berlin on the night of August 7-8, 1941, gained worldwide fame.

During the years of the Great Patriotic War, naval aviation made more than 350,000 sorties, destroyed more than 5,500 enemy aircraft in the air and at airfields. As a result of the actions of naval aviation, fascist Germany and its satellites lost 407 warships and 371 transports with troops and cargo, which is two-thirds of the enemy's total losses from the impact of fleet forces.

The motherland highly appreciated the combat activities of naval aviation. 57 state awards adorned the banners of regiments and divisions, 260 naval aviators were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and five of them - B. F. Safonov, A. E. Mazurenko, V. I. Rakov, N. G. Stepanyan and N. V. Chelnokov - twice.

Among the naval pilots there are heroes who repeated the feat of Alexei Maresyev. In the Baltic, this is L. G. Belousov, in the Black Sea - I. S. Lyubimov, in the Northern Fleet - 3. A. Sorokin.

The combat experience gained during the war formed the basis for the development of plans and directions for the further development of naval aviation, the improvement of the principles and methods of its application in naval warfare. This is what the real work is about. The post-war development of naval aviation was characterized by the specialization of the created aircraft and weapons systems, the transition to jet technology with greater capabilities in terms of speed and range of impact. Aircraft and helicopters were equipped with effective means of search and destruction, electronic equipment; most flight control and weapon use processes are automated.

It should be borne in mind that this work was headed by the most experienced aviation commanders, who personally experienced the bitterness of failures and the joy of victories during the war years, who deeply knew the needs and capabilities of the fleets. Among them were the famous aviation commanders E. N. Preobrazhensky, I. I. Borzov, M. I. Samokhin, N. A. Naumov, A. A. Mironenko, G. A. Kuznetsov, S. A. Gulyaev, V. I. Voronov and others. Their ideas, plans and undertakings in the development of naval aviation were understood and fully supported by the senior leadership of the navy, headed by N. G. Kuznetsov, and then S. G. Gorshkov.

In the fleets, the problems of countering the forces of a potential enemy, acting covertly from under water, were brought to the fore. Therefore, already in the 50s, a long-range seaplane Be-6 designed by G. M. Beriev was created and delivered to the unit. To combat submarines, the aircraft had radio-acoustic buoys and magnetometers as means of searching for an underwater enemy, and depth charges and torpedoes for destruction. The Mi-4 base helicopters and the firstborn of shipborne helicopter aviation, the Ka-15 shipborne helicopter designed by N.I. Kamov, were equipped with anti-submarine weapons.

In the course of their flight operation, extensive research was carried out and the foundations were laid for the tactics and combat use of anti-submarine aviation, which soon switched to more advanced anti-submarine systems such as Be-12, Ka-25, Ka-27, Mi-14, Il-38 and Tu-142 of various modifications.

The development missile systems with aviation cruise missiles significantly increased the combat capabilities of strike aviation fleets in the fight against ship groups of a potential enemy at sea.

At the beginning of the 1960s, anti-submarine and naval missile-carrying aviation took shape organizationally into independent branches of the naval aviation. In parallel, the reconnaissance aviation of the fleets was also being transformed.

The fleets of the high seas - the Northern and Pacific - received long-range reconnaissance aircraft Tu-95rts with automated system target designation missile weapons strike forces of the fleet, including missile submarines carrying military service in the sea. This also allowed naval aviation to go to remote areas of the oceans to monitor the naval forces of a potential enemy and timely warn of the threat of their impact on our forces and facilities.

In the Baltic and the Black Sea, reconnaissance began to be carried out by Tu-22r supersonic reconnaissance aircraft.

The combat capabilities of the USSR naval aviation were significantly expanded due to the introduction of the anti-submarine cruisers Moskva and Leningrad into the navy. It was from this time that it officially took shape as new genus naval aviation naval aviation.

The anti-submarine cruiser Moskva with Ka-25 helicopters on board made its first trip to combat service in the Mediterranean Sea from September 19 to November 5, 1968. In subsequent years, the anti-submarine cruisers Moskva and Leningrad repeatedly carried out combat service in various areas of the oceans.

According to the conclusion of the then Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union S. G. Gorshkov, helicopters became integral part modern surface ships for various purposes, they gave them a completely new combat quality. A fundamentally new direction in the development of naval aviation was opened by the creation of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft and the construction of aircraft-carrying cruisers of the Kyiv type.

The first aviation regiment of ship attack aircraft Yak-38 was formed on Black Sea Fleet. Its first commander was F. G. Matkovsky. He was the first to head an aviation group and taught pilots to fly from a ship on a long voyage of the Kyiv aircraft-carrying cruiser.

In the Northern Fleet, V. N. Ratnenko became the first commander of the aviation regiment of ship-based attack aircraft. V. M. Svitochev was the first to command a regiment of naval attack aircraft in the Pacific Fleet.

Aircraft-carrying cruisers "Kyiv", "Minsk" and "Novorossiysk" repeatedly carried out military service in various regions of the World Ocean, and ship aviators - pilots, engineers and technicians - showed courage, skill and high moral and psychological qualities.

Particular attention in the book is given to naval fighter aircraft of the fleet. Such aviation was created on the basis of fourth-generation fighters of the Su-27 and MiG-29 types, recognized today as the best modern fighters in the world. The first aircraft carrier built in our country is capable of providing basing and combat operations for ski-jump take-off and arrest landing fighters.

One of the leading test pilots, Viktor Georgievich Pugachev, is a great merit in the birth and development of naval fighter aviation. Timur Avtandilovich Apakidze became one of the first enthusiasts in the development of a new kind of naval aviation. His courage and professional skills are evidenced by the fact that back in 1991 he was awarded an Honorary Diploma and a Prize. International Foundation aviation safety for decisive and competent actions in an emergency in flight. Rescuing an experimental aircraft, T. A. Apakidze left the uncontrolled falling apparatus for last second. Soon after the accident he experienced, he took a new risk and was the first of the pilots of combat units of military aviation in our country to land on the deck of the cruiser "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" on the first Russian shipborne Su-27k fighter without carriage on a twin. It was September 29, 1991 in the Black Sea Fleet.

During flight and design tests of the Su-27k aircraft, the first leading group of pilots of the Northern Fleet Air Force was successfully prepared for flights and combat operations from the deck of the ship. Thus, in 1994, a new elite of military pilots was born in the naval aviation of Russia - the elite of carrier-based pilots.

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Naval aviation - In the service of the fleet

Naval exercises of the 70s. Hundreds of ships, thousands of naval aircraft. The place of action is the seas and oceans. Amphibians conducting reconnaissance, anti-submarine aircraft and helicopters carrying equipment to search for and destroy submarines. Missile carriers operating from the shore are capable of destroying a potential enemy aircraft carrier. And carrier-based aircraft are about to be adopted. Soviet naval aviation in the 70s. represented a formidable force.

The suit is designed for civil and small aviation. The suit fits well. The period of wear of the product is increased due to high-quality domestic materials, design solutions and many years of experience of specialists. The use of duplicating materials ensures shape retention during operation, protects sections from stretching and gives collars resistance to creasing. The product is designed in accordance with state standards. 1171 Jacket Short men's jacket, unlined, with a central zipper, with an internal windproof valve. The width of the jacket on the bottom is adjusted with the help of an elastic band (elastic band) in the side inserts on the belt, it also additionally protects against the penetration of wind into the underwear space due to a snug fit. At the bottom of the armhole there are ventilation holes made of mesh in the color of the fabric. Pockets for various purposes: patch pockets with slanted zippered entrances, on the wrong side of the left shelf there is an internal pocket for documents, on the left sleeve there is a patch pocket with a zipper with a flap fastened with a contact tape; it has a pocket for fountain pens with three compartments. On the right shelf - the mating part of the contact tape (soft) for placing a flight chevron (35 by 100), on the left shelf - the mating part of the contact tape (soft) for placing a standard nominal chevron (45 by 90), a belt loop for a badge. Yoke back with vertical pleats for freedom of movement. The width of the sleeves is adjusted by means of an elastic band (elastic band) inserted into the cuffs. On the left sleeve there is a contact tape for wearing insignia (55 to 80). 1172 Trousers The width of the trousers at the waist is regulated by side inserts with elastic band and belt loops. Pockets for various purposes: on the front halves of the trousers - patch pockets with an inclined entrance with "zippers", lower patch pockets with "zippers" with two entrances; on the right back half there is a pocket for tools, fastened with a button, which is tuned to the reinforcement detail; at the bottom of the trousers on the side seams, patch pockets with zippers are stitched. To fix the tools, a cord is provided, with loops at the beginning and end, which is fixed in the pocket through the grommet. A holder with a half ring is adjusted above the pocket. On the bottom of the trousers there are zippers for wearing over shoes.

Winter jacket for the army, navy and air force provides reliable protection against wind and snow. The insulation perfectly retains heat, weighs little, does not deform, does not absorb moisture. The combination of membrane fabric and insulation provides protection against severe frosts. FEATURES Cold protection Stabilized fit For military operations Hand wash only MATERIALS Rip-stop Membrane Fibersoft insulation

Man's suit "Aviation technician" mod. 1168/1169 (blended fabric) The suit is designed as an everyday uniform for civil and small aviation, it is not a protective uniform for the Air Force. Under the sleeves and in the folds of the back of the jacket there are ventilation elements made of mesh. The model is equipped with ten pockets for various purposes. There are no Velcro for chevrons on the suit. Weight -1100 gr. Suits on sale without chevrons.

The sailor's collar is part of the parade uniform of the rank and file of the Navy and is worn with a flannel. The uniform sailor collar also bears the slang name Guys (guis - the bow flag of the ship). It is made of dark blue cotton fabric with three white stripes along the edges. Blue lining At the ends of the collar, one loop each, in the middle of the neckline on the shirt, two buttons for fastening the collar

Overalls for men are designed for pilots and technicians of civil and small aviation. The jumpsuit fits well. The period of wear of the product is increased due to high-quality domestic materials, design solutions and many years of experience of specialists. The product is designed in accordance with GOST 12.4.100-80. Overalls with a central fastener for a two-way zipper; internal windproof valve; shoulder pads; in the area of ​​the armpits there are ventilation holes, inside the ventilation holes are closed with a mesh in the color of the fabric. The width of the overalls along the waist line is adjusted with the help of an elastic band (elastic band) on a contact tape (Velcro). In the side seams there are cuts on the "lightning"; at the bottom of the trousers of the overalls there are "zippers" for wearing over shoes. Pockets for various purposes: patch pockets with slanted entrances with zippers on the shelves, on the left sleeve - a patch pocket with a zipper with a flap fastened with a contact tape (Velcro); a pocket for fountain pens with three compartments is adjusted on it, lower patch pockets with “zippers”, on the right back half of the overalls there is a pocket for tools, fastened with a button; which is adjusted to the amplification detail. To fix the tools, a cord is provided, which is fixed to the pocket through the grommet and the holder with a half ring. On the right shelf - the mating part of the contact tape (soft) for placing a flight chevron, on the left shelf - the mating part of the contact tape (soft) for placing a standard nominal chevron, a belt loop for a badge. Back with vertical pleats for freedom of movement. The sleeves are set-in, one-sutural, adjustable at the bottom with a strap on a contact tape (Velcro). Above the pocket on the left sleeve, the mating part of the contact tape (soft) is adjusted to accommodate the chevron.

MPA-78 The light jacket perfectly protects against blowing, thanks to the stitched lining, a detachable hood and a windproof strip. On the right and left shelves there are patch pockets fastened with textile fasteners. There are also front side welt pockets with a zipper. The sleeves are adjustable in width with a tape and plastic stalemate (Velcro). Along the shoulder line there are false shoulder straps fastened with buttons. On the left side of the jacket lining is a horizontal pocket with a zipper. The demi-season jacket of the Ministry of Defense perfectly protects against blowing thanks to a stitched lining, a detachable hood and a wind-shelter placket. On the right and left shelves there are patch pockets fastened with textile fasteners. Appearance. Jacket with a straight silhouette on a warm stitched lining, with a central onboard zipper, with an external windproof placket, with a drawstring along the waistline. Before with a stitched yoke passing to the back, with upper welt pockets with flaps fastened with textile fasteners, side welt pockets fastened with a zipper. Two-seam set-in sleeves with stitched cuffs on an elastic band and plastic patches (velcro) on the bottom to adjust the width. Along the shoulder line there are shoulder straps with false shoulder straps fastened with buttons. Stand collar. The hood is fastened with a three-piece zipper. The hood is adjustable with an elastic cord and drawstrings. On the left side of the jacket lining is a horizontal pocket with a zipper. Features Cold protection Rain and wind protection Custom cut Materials Rip-stop membrane

Winter jacket for the army, navy and air force provides reliable protection against wind and snow. The insulation perfectly retains heat, weighs little, does not deform, does not absorb moisture. The combination of membrane fabric and insulation provides protection from severe frosts. FEATURES Cold protection Stabilized fit For military operations Hand wash only MATERIALS Rip-stop Membrane Fibersoft insulation

Cap of the Military Space Forces Russian Federation officer's with a blue top, blue band and blue piping. The cap is completed with a cockade, an emblem on the tulle and a metallic filigree cord. The height of the crown is 7 cm. The cap is produced within 3-5 working days.

The suit is designed for pilots and technicians of civil and small aviation, it is not a protective uniform for the Air Force. The suit is completed with a jacket mod. 1162 and trousers mod. 1163. Suits sold without chevrons. Color: blue. Material: twill.

Casual suit of military personnel of the RF Ministry of Defense. Men's jacket: fastens at the waist with a zipper, with long sleeves, no lining. Turn-down collar with a stand and fixing the corners with buttons. The pockets are fastened with a contact tape. Below are welt pockets "frame", fastened with a zipper. The inner pocket for documents is fastened with a button. Trousers with a stitched belt fastened with a button. Color: Blue, green, black. Size: 88-132 Size: 84-100 Height: 158-200 Fabric: Rip-stop Accessories: Reinforced Color: blue, green, black. Material: rip-stop.

The MPA-35 suit is designed for comfortable work of employees of the Ministry of Defense in hot weather. Consists of trousers and a jacket with long sleeves. On the sleeves there are reinforcing pads in the elbow area. The bottom of the jacket is adjustable in size. SPECIFICATIONS For hot weather Statutory fit For office work MATERIALS Gabardine (100% polyester)

The staff suit consists of trousers and a short-sleeved shirt, made of lightweight fabric that does not wrinkle, does not fade and does not lose its shape even after numerous washes.

The jacket is designed as a winter everyday uniform, equipped with seven pockets for various purposes and a wide fur collar to protect the face from the wind. The jacket is not a protective uniform of the Air Force. Weight -1900gr. The jacket is on sale without chevrons and without Velcro (contact tape). Color: blue. Material: blended fabric.

Previously produced only in the USSR Double knitting ensures the thickness of the product Material: 100% Cotton

Officer's dress cap of the Navy of the Russian Federation with a white top, black band and white piping. The cap is completed with a cockade and a metallic filigree cord. The height of the crown is from 8 to 10 cm. The cap is produced within 3-5 working days.