Why do ordinary people like scary movies so much? It turns out that this is an opportunity to pretend to experience your fears, become more confident and even let off steam. And this is true - you just need to choose for yourself an exciting horror film that will make you feel like you should worry about the characters.

Silent Hill

The story takes place in the city of Silent Hill. Ordinary people I wouldn't even want to drive past it. But Rose Dasilva, the mother of little Sharon, is simply forced to go there. There is no other way out. She believes that this is the only way to help her daughter and protect her from psychiatric hospital. The name of the town did not come from nowhere - Sharon constantly repeated it in a dream. And it seems that the cure is very close, but on the way to Silent Hill, mother and daughter get into a strange accident. Waking up, Rose discovers that Sharon is missing. Now the woman needs to find her daughter in a cursed city full of fears and horrors. The trailer for the film is available for viewing.

Mirrors

Former Detective Ben Carson is worried about better times. After accidentally killing a colleague, he is suspended from his job at the New York Police Department. Then the departure of his wife and children, addiction to alcohol, and now Ben is the night watchman of the burned-out department store, left alone with his problems. Over time, occupational therapy pays off, but one night round changes everything. The mirrors begin to threaten Ben and his family. Strange and frightening images appear in their reflection. To keep his loved ones alive, the detective needs to understand what the mirrors want, but the problem is that Ben has never encountered mysticism.

asylum

Kara Harding, after the death of her husband, is raising her daughter alone. The woman followed in the footsteps of her father and became a famous psychiatrist. She studies people with multiple personalities. Among them there are those who claim that there are many more of these personalities. According to Kara, this is just a front for serial killers, so all her patients are sent to death. But one day the father shows his daughter the case of the vagrant patient Adam, which defies all rational explanations. Kara continues to insist on her theory and even tries to cure Adam, but over time, completely unexpected facts are revealed to her ...

Mike Enslin doesn't believe in existence afterlife. Being a horror writer, he is writing another book about the supernatural. It is dedicated to poltergeists living in hotels. In one of them, Mike decides to settle. The choice falls on the infamous room 1408 of the Dolphin Hotel. According to the owners of the hotel and the residents of the city, the room is inhabited by evil that kills the guests. But neither this fact nor the senior manager's warning scares Mike. But in vain ... In the room, the writer will have to endure a real nightmare, from which there is only one way to get out ...

The material was prepared using the ivi online cinema.

Duties of the head of the diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation in the UN Ilyichev will perform until the appointment of a new permanent representative. Experts believe that it is unlikely that in the end this position will be entrusted to him. At the UN, Ilyichev, born in 1966, served as First Deputy Permanent Representative. On December 5, 2013, he received the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Second Class.

Petr Ilyichev, biography

Like Churkin, Ilyichev is a graduate of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations. He worked at the Embassy of the Soviet Union in Mauritius, at the Russian Embassy in Kenya and in the United States of America. In the Central Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, he held positions in the Department of Africa and the Department of International Organizations, where, until his last trip abroad, he was the head of the department and then deputy director. He has been working at the UN since 2012, first as Deputy Permanent Representative, and then as First Deputy. Vitaly Churkin, who since 2006 served as Russia's permanent representative to the UN, died suddenly on February 20. According to preliminary data, the cause of death was a heart attack. The diplomat felt unwell in the building of the Russian mission to the UN, after which he was taken to the Columbia Presbyterian Hospital. It was not possible to save him. Churkin died the day before his 65th birthday.

Russia has always been and will be a partner of Ukraine, therefore, applying Sun Tzu's stratagem on the need to over-knowledge the worldview of his closest friend, we will outline the main provisions of the KNB of the Russian Federation (RF).

The concept of national security of the Russian Federation is a system of views on ensuring in the Russian Federation the security of the individual, society and the state from external and internal threats in all spheres of life. The Concept formulates the most important directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation.

The national security of the Russian Federation is the security of the multinational people as the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the Russian Federation.

Structurally, the concept is presented in a slightly different manner than the concepts of Mongolia, Moldova, Belarus, since the textual presentation of considerations regarding certain important issues for national security that resembles more of a real concept, that is, a system of views, than a law that clearly and dogmatically formulates basic question.

The first section reveals the position of Russia in the world community. It is indicated that it is characterized by a dynamic transformation of the system of international relations, which resulted from the end of the era of bipolar confrontation.

Attention is focused on the fact that the formation of international relations is accompanied by competition, as well as the desire of a number of states to increase their influence on world politics, including through the creation of weapons of mass destruction. The importance of military-strength aspects in international relations continues to be significant. A statement is made that Russia is one of the largest countries in the world with a long history and rich cultural traditions, and despite the difficult international situation and internal difficulties, it objectively continues to play an important role in world processes.

Particular attention is paid to the problems of combating terrorism, which is transnational in nature and threatens world stability. It is concluded that it is necessary to unite the efforts of the entire international community, increase the effectiveness of the existing forms and methods of combating this threat, and take urgent measures to neutralize it.

The second section defines Russia's national interests. The national interests of Russia are a set of balanced interests of the individual, society and the state in the economic, domestic political, social, international, informational, military, border, environmental and other spheres. They are of a long-term nature and define the main goals, strategic and current tasks of the internal and foreign policy states. National interests are ensured by the institutions of state power, performing their functions, in particular, in cooperation with public organizations operating on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The interests of objects of national security are defined separately.

The interests of a person lie in the realization of constitutional rights and freedoms, in ensuring personal security, in improving the quality and standard of living, in the physical, spiritual and intellectual development of a person and citizen.

The interests of society are to strengthen democracy "in the creation of a legal, social state, in the achievement and maintenance of social harmony, in the spiritual renewal of Russia.

The interests of the state lie in the inviolability of the constitutional order, the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Russia, in political, economic and social stability, in the unconditional provision of law and order, in the development of an equal and mutually beneficial international cooperation.

It is concluded that the realization of Russia's national interests is possible only on the basis of sustainable development economy. Therefore, Russia's national interests in this area are key.

National interests are determined in domestic political, social, spiritual, international, informational, military, border, environmental.

It is noted that the most important components of the national interests of Russia are the protection of the individual, society and the state from terrorism, in particular international, as well as from emergencies natural and man-made nature and their consequences, and in war time- from the dangers arising during the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions.

The third section defines threats to national security. These threats are specified in accordance with the most important spheres of life.

The fourth section defines the tasks of the system for ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation.

The main tasks in the field of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation are:

1) timely forecasting and identification of external and internal threats to the national security of the Russian Federation;

2) implementation of operational and long-term measures to prevent and neutralize internal and external threats;

3) ensuring the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, security and border space;

4) the rise of the country's economy, the implementation of an independent and socially oriented economic course;

5) overcoming the scientific, technical and technological dependence of the Russian Federation on external sources;

6) ensuring on the territory of Russia the personal security of a person and a citizen, his constitutional rights and freedoms;

7) improvement of the system of state power of the Russian Federation, federal relations, local self-government and legislation of the Russian Federation, the formation of harmonious interethnic relations, strengthening the rule of law and maintaining the socio-political stability of society;

8) ensuring strict observance of the legislation of the Russian Federation by all citizens, officials, state bodies, political parties, public and religious organizations;

9) ensuring equal and mutually beneficial cooperation between Russia, first of all, with the leading states of the world;

10) raising and maintaining the military potential of the state at a sufficiently high level;

11) strengthening the regime of non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery;

12) taking effective measures to detect, prevent and suppress intelligence and subversive activities of foreign states directed against the Russian Federation;

13) fundamental improvement environmental situation in the country.

h Moreover, ensuring national security and protecting Russia's interests in the economic sphere are priority areas of state policy.

Tasks for specific spheres of life are defined.

Of particular importance for ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation is the effective use and comprehensive development of intelligence and counterintelligence capabilities in order to timely detect threats and determine their sources.

The system for ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation is created and developed in accordance with the constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the government of the Russian Federation, federal programs in this area.

The basis of the system for ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation is made up of bodies, forces and means of ensuring national security, implementing measures of a political, legal, organizational, economic, military and other nature aimed at ensuring the security of individuals, society and the state.

The powers of the bodies and forces for ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation, their composition, principles and procedures are determined by the relevant legislative acts of the Russian Federation.

The following persons take part in the formation and implementation of the national security policy of the Russian Federation:

1. President of the Russian Federation;

2. Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;

3. Government of the Russian Federation;

4. Security Council of the Russian Federation;

5. Federal executive authorities;

6. Executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation. A characteristic feature of this concept is the direct indication

the possibility of using nuclear weapons to prevent aggression of any scale. It is also indicated that the Russian Federation has nuclear forces that are capable of guaranteeing damage to any aggressor state or coalition of states in any situation.

The epilogue of this concept states that the Russian Federation intends to resolutely and firmly ensure its national security. Legal democratic institutions have been created, the structure of state authorities of the Russian Federation, the situation of the wide participation of political parties and public associations in the implementation of the National Security Concept of the Russian Federation is the key to the dynamic development of Russia in the 21st century.

An analysis of the provisions in the possibility of analytical understanding of the proclaimed goals and intentions, as well as the really fixed powers of the subjects of ensuring national security, gives reason to conclude that the concepts of the Russian Federation, as well as the concept of the Republic of Belarus, in fact, in content constitute documents of a conceptual nature for the protection of the state, and not individual and society. Moreover, the possibility of using nuclear weapons should be taken into account by Ukraine, in fact, in the military aspect, it is moving towards NATO.

The gasoline crisis, which was caused by private Russian oil traders in May 2005 with the complete non-interference of the Russian leadership, was a good lesson for Ukrainian fans of political myths who dream of friendship with Russia in all spheres of life. Let's repeat the geopolitical maxim: there are no permanent friends, there are permanent interests.

Therefore, Russia has demonstrated that it can do anything and at any time, of course explaining this with ridiculous arguments for raising world prices. And the ridiculousness of these arguments lies in the fact that crude oil is supplied to Ukraine, at Ukrainian enterprises this oil is converted into gasoline, including high-octane, so Russia actually sells Ukrainian gasoline to us, but at the same price as for other countries.

We are not talking about the tactless statements of the chairman of the Security Council of this country, who spoke unkindly about both the modern Ukrainian leadership and the very process of its election. All the more ridiculous are the attempts of this state to file complaints with European human rights organizations about alleged election violations in Ukraine and the infringement of democracy in our country. Only one rhetorical question arises: who are the judges?

Russia has always been and will always be an empire. It is incapable of functioning in a true democracy. The time when democracy in the present exchange of this word will reign in Russia, this state will become a historical memory, because it will not be able to cope with numerous external territorial claims, and, and most importantly, with internal immanent tendencies of separatism. Russia can exist only within the framework of a totalitarian police state, only such a Russia can maintain its power and power over all subjects of the federation. An empire can be a democracy only under the condition of unquestioning and peremptory economic power, which can result in independent geopolitics, military power, the possibility of imposing one's own ideals and interests on others without their consent. For Ukraine, this is important for understanding the strategy of building relations with this state. These relations should be built by a new generation, not overloaded with the Soviet past, which has significantly influenced and continues to influence the worldview of the leaders of the older generation. The Soviet sore throat should be knocked down, now is the time for new decisions, decisions that would meet Ukrainian national interests, and not mention of a joint, and short-term, past.

Our relations with Russia and any other state must be based on the principles of rationalism and pragmatism. Labeling strategic partners does not make them our partners. The main thing is the content of relations, and their benefits for Ukraine.

That is why, in modern geopolitical conditions, Russia acts as a buffer zone between Ukraine, as the center of European civilization, and China, which will act as the center of a new Asian civilization, which will become an offshoot of the Eurasian civilization as a result of geopolitical disputes between China and Russia and the victory of the former.

Appropriate for understanding the renaissance of the imperialist policy of the messianic goal of Russia is the message of the President of this state to the Federal Assembly in 2005.

In the Address of 2005, the President raised a number of fundamental ideological and political issues. Moreover, he noted the inseparable unity of the messages of 2004 and 2005, which he called a joint program for the next decade.

The development of Russia as a free, democratic state was proclaimed the main political and ideological direction. And at the time, the president stressed: "First of all, it must be recognized that the collapse of the Soviet Union was the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the century." This is precisely the logic that demonstrates the commitment of the modern leadership of the state to democracy, only where its variant, when on the one hand they talk about democracy, and on the other, they regretfully remember the Soviet Union, which was the personification of totalitarianism, infringement of human rights and freedoms, a stronghold messianic idea of ​​all common communism?

The message notes the factors that significantly influenced the situation in the country:

Depreciation of savings of citizens;

Destruction of old ideals;

Rapid reform of many institutions;

Terrorist intervention

Khasavyurt capitulation;

Unlimited control of oligarchic groups over information flows, served exclusively their own, corporate interests;

mass poverty;

Severe economic downturn, unstable finances, social paralysis.

The foundations for the formation of a democratic, free and just society and state were proclaimed. It is noted in a very contradictory position that Russia was, is and, of course, will be the largest European nation. It is difficult for us to say about the future, but Russia has always been a Eurasian power, as evidenced not only by objective historical analysis, but also by Russian researchers and developers of the geopolitical concept of Eurasianism: M.S. Trubetskoy, PM. Savitsky, IS. Vernadsky and others. S. Vaburin, L. Gumilyov, A. Dugin and others update the modern content of this concept.

It is noted that for modern Russia the values ​​of democracy are no less important than the desire for economic success or social well-being of people. It is concluded that the observance of the principles of justice is directly related to equality of opportunity, and this, in turn, should be ensured by none other than the state.

Three areas of action have been identified:

1) measures for the development of the state;

2) strengthening the law and developing the political system, increasing the efficiency of justice;

3) personal development and civil society generally. Regarding * the development of the state, the main directions are:

Formation of developed democratic procedures;

Ideological reorientation of the bureaucracy to the language of public interest

Strengthening the Federation - building an effective state within existing borders;

Pursuing an active policy of liberalization of the business space: measures to stabilize the civil turnover, a radical expansion of opportunities for free enterprise and the sphere of investment of capital.

Efficient work of tax and customs authorities: the priority in their activities should be the verification of compliance with tax and customs legislation, and not the implementation of any "plans" for the collection of taxes and duties.

Russia is extremely interested in a large-scale influx of private, including foreign, investments. This is our strategic choice and strategic approach.

Concerning the political system and justice.

The main emphasis is on the need to influence the sources of terrorist aggression. It was noted that in recent years quite a lot of serious steps have been taken in the fight against terror. But the threat is still very strong, Russia is still missing very sensitive blows, criminals are still committing terrible atrocities, the purpose of which is to intimidate society.

The main motivation for the work of law enforcement agencies is the quality of protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens.

Appealing to the former states of the USSR, using such factors as the unity of historical destiny, the Russian language and great culture* Russia cannot remain aloof from the general striving for freedom. Thus, Russia reserves the right to "assistance in the pursuit of freedom" by the post-Soviet countries. This position is almost a mirror position of the United States, which, under the pretext of establishing democracy, violating the norms international law, start military operations against a country that, in their opinion, does not profess the values ​​of democracy in the American interpretation. In fact, the leadership of Russia has made it clear that it will defend the interests of freedom in any post-Soviet country, and the reasons may become banal.

so-called infringement of the Russian-speaking population. Again, if there is a political interest, then there is a reason for its implementation. It is Ukraine's accession to NATO that should be considered a certain guarantee against Russia's direct interference in the internal affairs of Ukraine.

The goal in the international arena is the security of borders and the creation of favorable external conditions for solving internal Russian problems.

Moreover, it is directly stated that the civilizing mission of the Russian nation on the Eurasian continent must be continued. It lies in the fact that democratic values, multiplied by national interests, enrich and strengthen the Russian historical community.

A separate emphasis is placed on support in ensuring the rights of Russian compatriots abroad. As a principle of ensuring these rights, it was proclaimed: those who do not respect them, do not observe and cannot ensure them, do not have the right to demand observance of human rights from others.

A course has been proclaimed for effective partnership with all countries in solving global problems: from finding an effective response to the deterioration environment to space exploration, from preventing global man-made disasters to eliminating the threat of the spread of AIDS. And, of course, to unite efforts in the fight against such challenges to the modern world order as international terrorism, trans-criminal crime and drug trafficking.

Regarding civil society, ensuring the right of citizens to objective information is recognized as a priority.

The problems of demographic security, the consequences of alcoholism and drug addiction, low birth rates are considered.

The indicated adequate directions for their solution are: conducting a meaningful demographic policy, creating conditions favorable for the birth of children, reducing mortality and streamlining migration.

Special attention is paid to value orientations, in particular the level of public morality and culture. It is characteristic that in the message the thoughts on certain issues are confirmed by references to Russian legal scholars, which emphasizes the patriotism of the content of this document. Moreover, it is concluded that corruption is one of the consequences of a lack of trust and moral strength in society.

The final conclusion that summed up in the message Russia will become prosperous only when the success of each person will depend not only on the level of his well-being, but also on his decency and culture. Our people fought against slavery, fought for the right to live in their own land, for the right to speak their native language, to have their own statehood, culture and traditions. He fought for justice and freedom. He defended his right to independent development. He then gave our country the future. And it depends on the current generations, on you and me, what it will be like.

The manual was developed in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service", "On defense", "On the status of military personnel".

The material presented in the book complements the content of the "Fundamentals of Military Service" section of the "Fundamentals of Life Safety" course. It can be successfully used by high school students, students of colleges, technical schools, vocational schools, students of pedagogical universities, as well as young men studying at educational centers of organizations.

1.2. The concept of national security of the Russian Federation

The concept of national security is a system of views on ensuring the security of the individual, society and the state from external and internal threats in all spheres of life. It formulates practically all the most important directions of Russia's state policy.

National security is understood as the security of the multinational people of the Russian Federation as the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the country, i.e., the protection of the people from various threats.

The first section of the concept dedicated to the position of Russia in the world community. After the end of the era of bipolar confrontation, the United States and two trends prevailed in the formation international relations. First manifests itself in the equal development of a significant number of states, their associations, in the recognition of multilateral management of international processes and in the formation of the ideology of a multipolar world. Second the trend is based on the dominance of Western countries under the leadership of the United States with the predominance of military-power decisions in circumvention of international law.

Russia is one of the largest countries in the world with rich historical and cultural traditions. Despite the crises, due to its economic, scientific, technical and military potential, its unique position on the Eurasian continent, it continues to play an important role in the world. Objectively, the common interests of Russia and other states on many security issues remain, including countering the proliferation of weapons, combating terrorism and drug trafficking, solving environmental problems, and ensuring nuclear security. At the same time, the efforts of a number of states aimed at weakening Russia are being stepped up. Attempts to ignore its interests in solving major problems can undermine international security and stability.

The second section of the concept reveals in detail the national interests of Russia. They are understood as a set of balanced interests of the individual, society and the state in the economic, domestic political, social, international, informational, military, border, environmental and other spheres. These interests are of a long-term nature and determine the strategic goals and current tasks of Russia's domestic and foreign policy.

Personal Interests consist in the realization of constitutional rights and freedoms, in ensuring personal security, in improving the quality and standard of living, in the physical, spiritual and intellectual development of each person.

Society interests expressed in the strengthening of democracy, in the creation of a legal, social state, in the achievement and maintenance of social harmony, in the spiritual renewal of Russia.

State interests lie in the inviolability of the constitutional order, the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Russia, in political, economic and social stability, in the unconditional provision of law and order, in the development of equal international cooperation.

Realization of Russia's interests is possible only on the basis of sustainable economic development. Therefore, economic national interests are key to ensuring all other interests.

In domestic political sphere national interests consist in maintaining the stability of state institutions, ensuring civil peace and harmony, territorial integrity, unity of the legal space, neutralizing the causes and conditions for the emergence of political and religious extremism, ethnic separatism and their consequences - interethnic and religious conflicts, terrorism.

Russian interests in social sphere are to ensure a high standard of living for the people.

Interests in spiritual realm consist in the preservation and strengthening of the moral values ​​of society, the traditions of patriotism and humanism, the cultural and scientific potential of the country.

AT international sphere national interests lie in ensuring sovereignty, strengthening Russia's position as one of the centers of a multipolar world, in developing mutually beneficial relationship with all countries and their associations, primarily with the CIS states, in the universal observance of human rights and freedoms and the inadmissibility of double standards.

Russian interests in information sphere consist in observance of the rights and freedoms in the field of obtaining information and using it, in the development of modern communication technologies, in the protection of information resources from unauthorized access.

Interests in military sphere are to protect the independence, sovereignty, state and territorial integrity of Russia, to prevent military aggression against Russia and its allies, to ensure conditions for peaceful democratic development.

Russia's national interests in border area consist in ensuring reliable protection of the state border, in observing the procedure and rules established by the legislation of the country for the implementation of economic and other types of activities in the border area.

national interest in environmental sphere are to preserve and improve the environment.

The Concept emphasizes that the most important component of the national interests of Russia is the protection of the individual, society and the state from terrorism, from natural and man-made emergencies and their consequences, and in wartime from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions.

AT third section of the concept the whole range of existing threats to Russia's national security is revealed.

AT economic sphere threats are primarily due to a significant reduction in the gross domestic product, a decrease in investment, innovation activity and scientific and technical potential, stagnation (stagnation) of the agricultural sector, an imbalance in the banking system, an increase in external and internal public debt, a tendency to predominate in export deliveries of fuel, raw materials and energy components, and in imports - food, consumer goods and essentials. There is a weakening of the country's scientific and technical potential, a reduction in research in strategically important areas, an outflow of specialists and intellectual property abroad, threatening the loss of leading positions in the world, increasing external dependence and undermining defense capability.

Negative processes in the economy underlie the separatist aspirations of a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which lead to increased political instability, weakening of the common economic space and its most important components - production, technological and transport links, financial, banking, credit and tax systems. Economic disintegration, devaluation of spiritual values ​​contribute to increased tension in relations between the regions and the center, undermine the federal structure and the socio-economic structure of the country. Ethno-egoism, ethnocentrism and chauvinism, uncontrolled migration contribute to the strengthening of political and religious extremism, ethnoseparatism, and create conditions for the emergence of conflicts. The unified legal space of the country is being eroded due to parochialism and non-observance of the priority of the Constitution of the Russian Federation over other legal norms, federal legal norms over the norms of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The main factors contributing to the growth of crime and corruption were serious miscalculations made during the implementation of reforms in the economic, military, law enforcement and other areas, the weakening of the state control system, the imperfection of the legal framework, the lack of a strong state policy in the social sphere, and the decrease in the spiritual and moral potential of society. . The scale of terrorism and organized crime is growing as a result of changes in the forms of ownership, an intensification of the struggle for power based on group and ethno-nationalist interests. The lack of an effective system of social prevention of offenses, insufficient legal and logistical support of law enforcement agencies increase this danger.

a threat to national security in social sphere create an increase in poverty and unemployment in the country, as well as a deep stratification of society into rich and low-income citizens. Threat physical health nations are the crisis of health systems and social protection of the population, the growth of alcohol and drug consumption. The consequences of the social crisis were a sharp reduction in the birth rate, life expectancy in the country, the deformation of the demographic and social composition of society, the weakening of the main fundamental unit of society - the family, the decrease in the spiritual, moral and creative potential of the population, legal nihilism.

Threats to our national security are manifested in the attempts of a number of states to counteract the strengthening of Russia as one of the centers of influence in a multipolar world, to weaken its positions in Europe, the Middle East, the Transcaucasus, Central Asia and the Asia-Pacific region. There is a desire of a number of countries to dominate the world information space, to oust Russia from the external and internal information markets. The concepts of information wars, means of dangerous influence on the information spheres of other countries of the world, methods of disrupting the functioning of telecommunication systems, as well as the safety of information resources, obtaining unauthorized access to them, including via the Internet, have already been developed.

Growing threats in military sphere. The transition of some states to the practice of forceful actions without the sanction of the UN Security Council is fraught with the threat of destabilizing the situation in the world. The technological breakthrough and the build-up of the capabilities of the leading powers to create a new generation of weapons create the prerequisites for a new stage in the arms race, a radical change in the methods of conducting military operations. The activities of foreign special services and organizations used by them are being stepped up on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Threats to national security in border area are due to the economic, demographic, cultural and religious expansion of neighboring states into the Russian territory, the intensification of the activities of cross-border organized crime, as well as foreign terrorist organizations.

The threat of deterioration of the ecological situation in the country and the depletion natural resources are directly dependent on the state of the economy and the readiness of each member of society to realize the globality and importance of these problems.

The fourth section of the Concept dedicated to the tasks and measures to ensure the national security of the Russian Federation. The main tasks in this area are:

Timely forecasting of external and internal threats;

Implementation of operational and long-term measures to prevent and neutralize them;

Ensuring the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, the security of its border space;

The rise of the economy, overcoming scientific, technical and technological dependence on external sources;

Ensuring the personal security of a person, his constitutional rights and freedoms;

Improving the system of state power, federal relations, local self-government and legislation, the formation of harmonious interethnic relations, strengthening the rule of law and maintaining the socio-political stability of society;

Ensuring strict observance of Russian legislation by all citizens, officials, state bodies, political parties, public and religious organizations;

Ensuring equal and mutually beneficial cooperation between Russia, first of all, with the leading states of the world;

Raising and maintaining the military potential of the state;

Strengthening the regime of non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery;

Taking effective measures to identify and suppress intelligence and subversive activities of foreign states directed against the Russian Federation;

Radical improvement of the ecological situation in the country. Further, the Concept considers in detail the tasks and measures to ensure national security in the economic sphere, since they are priority areas of state policy and basic for the implementation of all other tasks.

The main directions of ensuring national security in the domestic economic sphere are:

Strengthening state regulation in the economy;

Legal support for reforms and the creation of an effective mechanism for monitoring compliance with the law.

The transition to a highly efficient and socially oriented market economy should be carried out through the formation of optimal mechanisms for organizing the production and distribution of goods and services in order to increase the welfare of society and every citizen. The state should promote the creation of equal conditions for the development and increase in the competitiveness of enterprises, regardless of the form of ownership, including the formation and development of private entrepreneurship in all areas where it contributes to the growth of social welfare, the progress of science and education, the spiritual and moral development of society, and the protection of consumer rights. . In the shortest possible time, mechanisms should be developed to support life and economic development particularly crisis regions and areas of the Far North, as well as tariff policy, ensuring the unity of the country's economic space.

The implementation of the constitutional principle of democracy requires ensuring the coordinated functioning and interaction of all state authorities, a rigid vertical of executive power and the unity of the judicial system of Russia. This is ensured by the establishment of a clearer functional distribution of powers between state institutions, the strengthening of the federal structure of the country by improving relations between federal bodies and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the framework of their constitutional status.

The main areas of protection of the constitutional order in Russia are:

Ensuring the priority of federal legislation and improving on this basis the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Development of organizational and legal mechanisms protection of state integrity, ensuring the unity of the legal space and national interests of Russia;

Development and implementation of a regional policy that provides an optimal balance of federal and regional interests;

Improving the mechanism that prevents the creation of parties and associations pursuing separatist, anti-constitutional goals, and suppressing their activities;

Consolidation of efforts aimed at combating crime and corruption, since Russia is extremely interested in eradicating these hazardous phenomena, development of a system of measures for the effective protection of the individual, society and the state from criminal encroachments;

Formation of a system of social prevention and education of law-abiding citizens.

The most important tasks in the field of combating crime are:

Identification, elimination of the causes and conditions that give rise to crime;

Strengthening the role of the state as a guarantor of the security of the individual and society, creating the necessary legal framework for this and a mechanism for its application;

Strengthening the system of law enforcement agencies, creating conditions for their effective operation;

Engaging everyone government agencies within their competence to prevent unlawful acts;

Expansion of international cooperation in law enforcement.

In order to prevent corruption and the legalization of illegally acquired capital, it is necessary to create a system of financial control, improve legal enforcement measures, a mechanism for checking the property status and sources of income of officials, as well as the correspondence of their expenses to these incomes.

In the field of combating terrorism it is necessary to make wider use of international experience, create a coordinated mechanism to counter international terrorism, and reliably block all possible channels of illegal circulation of weapons and explosives within the country, as well as their receipt from abroad. Federal authorities must prosecute persons involved in terrorist activities throughout the country, regardless of where the terrorist actions were planned and carried out.

Ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation also includes the protection of cultural, spiritual and moral heritage, historical traditions and norms public life, preservation of the cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia, spiritual and moral education of the population, the introduction of a ban on the use of airtime in electronic media mass media to show programs that promote violence, base manifestations, as well as countering the negative influence of foreign religious organizations and missionaries.

The spiritual renewal of society is impossible without preserving the role of the Russian language as a factor in the spiritual unity of peoples multinational Russia and the language of interstate communication of the peoples of the countries - members of the Commonwealth Independent States, without creating socio-economic conditions for the implementation creative activity and functioning of cultural institutions.

In the field of protecting and promoting the health of citizens, it is necessary to: increase the attention of society, government bodies of the Russian Federation to the development of state (federal and municipal) insurance and private medical care; implementation of state protectionism in the domestic medical and pharmaceutical industry; implementation of federal programs in the field of sanitation and epidemiology, child health care, emergency and emergency medical care, disaster medicine.

It is necessary to update the organization and conduct of civil defense, qualitative improvement of the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations, including its further integration with similar systems of foreign states.

The foreign policy of the Russian Federation should be directed:

To pursue an active foreign policy; strengthening the mechanisms of multilateral management of world processes, primarily under the auspices of the UN Security Council;

To ensure favorable conditions for the development of the country, maintaining global and regional stability;

to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Russian citizens abroad with the use of political, economic and other measures;

To develop relations and integration processes with the CIS member states;

Russia's full participation in global and regional economic and political structures;

To promote the settlement of conflicts under the auspices of the UN and other international organizations;

To achieve progress in the field of nuclear arms control, to maintain strategic stability in the world on the basis of the fulfillment by states of their international obligations in this area;

To fulfill mutual obligations in the field of reduction and elimination of armaments, strengthening confidence and stability, ensuring international control over exports and the provision of military and dual-use services;

To promote the establishment of zones free of weapons of mass destruction;

To develop international cooperation in the field of combating transnational crime and terrorism.

In the prevention of wars and armed conflicts, preference is given to political, diplomatic, economic and other non-military means. However, Russia's national interests require sufficient military power. The most important task is to deter aggression of any scale against Russia and its allies. The country must have nuclear forces capable of guaranteeing the infliction of the specified damage to any aggressor state or coalition of states under any conditions.

The Armed Forces in peacetime combat strength must ensure reliable protection of the country from air attack and solve the tasks of repelling aggression in a local war (armed conflict), as well as strategic deployment to solve problems in a large-scale war. The Armed Forces must ensure the participation of the Russian Federation in peacekeeping activities. One of the ways to ensure military security of our country is cooperation with the CIS member states.

The interests of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation predetermine the need for Russia's military presence in some strategically important regions of the world. The deployment of military contingents (military bases, forces of the Navy) in them on a contractual and international legal basis should ensure Russia's readiness to fulfill its obligations, promote the formation of a stable military-strategic balance of forces in the regions and make it possible to respond to a crisis situation in its initial stages. stage, contribute to the implementation of foreign policy goals of the state.

The Russian Federation is considering the use of military force, including nuclear weapon, to repel armed aggression if all other measures to resolve the crisis prove to be ineffective.

The use of military force inside the country is allowed in strict accordance with the Constitution and federal laws in cases of a threat to the lives of citizens, the territorial integrity of the country, as well as the threat of a violent change in the constitutional order.

The implementation of the priorities, tasks and directions set out in the Concept is carried out through the system of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation, which is political, legal, organizational, economic, military and other measures, as well as the necessary forces and means.

The formation of Russia as a federal, democratic, rule of law entails a radical transformation of the state system, the formation of new socio-economic and socio-political relations. And this requires a reassessment of the interests of the individual, society and the state, taking into account new opportunities in representative democracy and a market economy, and Russia's participation in the global civilizational process.

Today, our country has found itself in the zone of influence of a wide range of threats that have created a real danger to the existence of the state itself, its citizens, their being and consciousness. There was a need to develop a conceptual document that would reflect long-term strategic tasks and priorities in the implementation of national security policy, define the main directions of activity of all structures to ensure national interests in the 21st century.

Over the years, efforts have been made to overcome negative phenomena and threats generated by both modern reality and the actual Russian history. The adoption in January 2000 by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of a new edition of the National Security Concept of the Russian Federation was the result of eliminating many shortcomings of the previous edition of the 1997 Concept and became an important legal framework in determining state policy in the field of national security. But it is obvious that the formation of a mechanism for ensuring national security cannot be considered complete at this point. The main thing is the further consolidation and development of the content of the provisions of the Concept in laws and regulations in specific areas of security.

It was assumed that the activity of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation would be based on the principle that lawmaking should be carried out in accordance with the program for the systematic strengthening of the foundations of the state, set out in the Concept. Undoubtedly, this process should be carried out against the backdrop of harmonizing the activities of all branches of government, strengthening federalism as the main condition for the development of the Russian Federation.

The new version of the Concept emphasizes that the national security of the Russian Federation is understood as the security of the whole people, the security of the entire multinational people as the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the Russian Federation. As for the concept of the Concept itself, the preamble says that this is a system of views on ensuring the security of the individual, society and state in the Russian Federation from external and internal threats in all spheres of life.

The first section characterizes Russia in the world community and determines its place after the end of the era of bipolar confrontation. Mutually exclusive trends are indicated in the world, when economic and economic political positions a significant number of states and their integration associations, the mechanisms of multilateral management of international processes are being improved. Will Russia contribute to this? Undoubtedly, Russia will play its role in shaping the ideology of establishing a multipolar world on this basis.

And the second trend, in relation to which it is also necessary to develop a position. It manifests itself through attempts to create a structure of international relations based on the dominance of the developed Western countries in the international community under the leadership of the United States and designed for unilateral, mainly military and forceful solutions to the problems of world politics, bypassing the fundamental norms of international law.

In the future, Russia objectively retains common interests with other states on many issues international security- in countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, preventing and resolving regional conflicts, combating international terrorism and drug business, in solving global environmental problems, in ensuring nuclear and radiation safety.

The second section defines the national interests of Russia as a set of balanced interests of the individual, society and the state, which are of a long-term nature and determine the main goals, strategic and current tasks of the state's domestic and foreign policy.

Revealing the content of the interests of the individual, society, state, the Concept defines eight priority areas for ensuring the protection of these interests: economic, domestic political, social, international, informational, military, border, environmental. Ensuring the protection of national interests is carried out by the institutions of state power in cooperation with public organizations. And one cannot but agree with this. Ensuring national security is a set of measures of a political, legal, economic, military, informational, social, environmental and other nature, and this is the business of both the state and the people themselves. It is achieved through the implementation of a unified state policy for ensuring national security, as well as specific measures supported by society and adequate to the threats.

The third section presents the threats and their spheres of influence, starting with the social one, where they create a deep stratification of society into a narrow circle of the rich and the predominant mass of low-income citizens, an increase in the proportion of the population living below the poverty line, and an increase in unemployment. It is noted that the deepening of the crisis in the domestic political, social and spiritual spheres can lead to the loss of democratic gains.

As for such an important sphere as the international one, the threats to national security here are manifested in the attempts of other states to counteract the strengthening of Russia as one of the centers of influence in the multipolar world, hinder the realization of national interests and weaken its positions in Europe, the Middle East, the Transcaucasus, Central Asia and the Asia-Pacific region. These clear trends have led to an increase in the threat to Russia's national security in the information sphere, an increase in the level and scale of threats in the military sphere.

The Concept emphasizes the threat of deterioration of the ecological situation in the country and the depletion of its natural resources. It is due to the predominant development of the fuel and energy industries, the underdevelopment of the legislative framework for resource-saving technologies, and low environmental culture. The weakening of state supervision, the lack of effectiveness of legal and economic mechanisms for preventing and eliminating threats in Russia are typical not only for the environmental sphere, but also for others.

The fourth section of the Concept defines the main tasks in the field of ensuring national security, for example, timely forecasting and identification of external and internal threats; improvement of the system of state power; federal relations; local self-government and legislation of the Russian Federation; the formation of harmonious interethnic relations, the strengthening of the rule of law and the preservation of the socio-political stability of society; ensuring equal and mutually beneficial cooperation between Russia, first of all, with the leading states of the world, etc. Nevertheless, the tasks of protecting national interests in the economic sphere are priority areas of state policy.

In addition to the tasks, the fourth section indicates the main directions of the state's activities to protect national interests in all areas of human life. For example, in the field of protecting and promoting the health of citizens, it is necessary to increase the attention of society, government bodies to the development of state insurance (federal and municipal) and private medical care, the implementation of state protectionism in the domestic pharmaceutical industry, the implementation of federal programs in the field of sanitation and epidemiology, protection children's health, emergency and emergency medical care.

The system of ensuring national security is considered as a whole. It is based on bodies, forces and means of ensuring national security, implementing measures of a political, legal, organizational, economic, military and other nature aimed at ensuring the security of the individual, society and the state.

The President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the Security Council of the Russian Federation take part in the formation and implementation of the national security policy. Federal executive authorities ensure the implementation of the legislation of the Russian Federation, decisions of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of national security, develop regulatory legal acts in this area within their competence and submit them to the President and the Government.

This is the structure of the four sections of the Concept and their summary. This important conceptual document reflects the need to single out national security as the main problem in the development of the Russian statehood and society. Here the main objects of national security are defined - the individual, society and the state, where the individual and his interests are put in the first place. For the first time in a legal document, it is fixed that the national interests of Russia "is a set of balanced interests of the individual, society and the state" (Scheme 10).

The National Security Concept of the Russian Federation recognizes "a system of views on ensuring the security of the individual, society and the state in the Russian Federation from external and internal threats in all spheres of life." However, in this interpretation, the Concept acts as a kind of system of unknown views that ensures security, as it were, only in the Russian Federation, which conflicts with the Law of the Russian Federation of March 5, 1992 "On Security", according to which security objects also include and Russian citizens outside of it. The state guarantees them protection and patronage.

In view of the foregoing, the definition of the Concept should be stated in the following wording: “This is a system of views officially adopted in the Russian Federation on ensuring the security of the individual, society and the state in all spheres of life”.

The new edition of the National Security Concept of the Russian Federation contains provisions that fuel the practice of mixing the functions of development and security. As tasks of ensuring national security, the Concept puts forward a number of tasks that affect security, but are not directly related to it and are the tasks of the country's development. Of course, the more developed the country, the easier it is to ensure its security. But it is impossible to confuse the functions of realization of interests with the functions of their protection. These are closely related but fundamentally different tasks. So, if we attribute the tasks of economic recovery, improvement of the system of state power of the Russian Federation, ensuring equal and mutually beneficial cooperation between Russia and other states, the formation of a single economic space with the CIS states and others to tasks in the field of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation, as indicated in the Concept, then, in accordance with the same document, they are obliged to solve the bodies, forces and means of ensuring national security, i.e. law enforcement agencies

Such a substitution is not only illiterate, but also essentially harmful, since it reflects the desire of a number of departments to solve their problems by force or to shift responsibility from themselves to law enforcement agencies in the way that has repeatedly happened in practice.

At the same time, the text of the Concept contains reasonable, correct formulations of the division of the above tasks and the allocation of them, in addition to the tasks of ensuring national security, those that should contribute to ensuring national security. A consistent focus on such an approach will help to avoid discord, contradictions and strengthen terminological discipline.

The second section of the Concept contains a very serious reservation, according to which "the realization of Russia's national interests is possible only on the basis of sustainable economic development." With such a formulation, the viability of the Concept as a whole seems to be called into question.

In addition, among the areas of ensuring national interests, there is no such important area as demographic. Justifying the inclusion of this type of threat would not be difficult given such an obvious phenomenon in Russia - population depopulation, especially since the Government of the Russian Federation has developed a draft Demographic Policy Concept for the period up to 2015. In 2002, the resident population was 144.0 million people against 148.3 million people in 1992. In 2001, the number of births decreased to 1.2 million people a year against 1.6 million people in 1992 Thus, the urgency of the fastest development and approval of the doctrine of the demographic security of the Russian Federation and the entire range of documents accompanying it and relevant business programs to ensure it is constantly growing. In the National Security Concept of the Russian Federation, demographic interests are not included in the system of national interests and are not subject to protection in section three, which classifies threats to national security.

Nevertheless, being an integral integrated system adequate to a certain historical period of time, the Concept predetermines the essence and interconnects a number of state concepts (doctrines) of security of a lower rank: "Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation" (2000), "The Concept of the Foreign Security Policy of the Russian Federation ”(2000), “Information Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation” (2000), etc. However, a complete system of conceptual legal regulation in Russia has not yet been created. This affects the clarity, predictability and effectiveness of the course pursued by the state authorities, at least in the most important areas of activity.

The fundamental legal basis of the National Security Concept of the country is represented by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the laws of the Russian Federation "On Security", "On Defense", federal constitutional and federal laws, as well as international treaties and agreements concluded or recognized by Russia regulating the sphere of national, collective, regional and global security.

Serious problems caused by the complex federal structure of the Russian state, increased uncertainty, and in some cases unpredictability of development give rise to new challenges and threats to Russia's security in almost all spheres of life. They can be resolved only for a long time and thanks to the purposeful efforts of all state bodies and public organizations. The focus of this activity should be regulated by a coherent legal system, which consists of: laws adopted by the legislature, decrees and orders issued by the President of the Russian Federation, orders and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of national security.

Unfortunately, the creation of a legislative basis is still far from complete. Although many defining legislative acts in this area are already in force, the preparation of others is nearing completion. The legislative process continues.

For this process, both at the federal level and in the subjects of the Federation, it is important to have a conceptual official document, the formation of which would proceed from an analysis of security problems for the period under review. Undoubtedly, this is the most complex and painstaking analytical work of all information and analytical centers of state and non-state subsystems for ensuring national security. She suggests:

1. Analysis of the role and place of Russia in the modern world (historical roots of Russian statehood, prospects international development, substantiation of the geopolitical status of the country).

2. Determination of the entire spectrum of vital interests of the individual, society, state in all areas.

3. Comprehensive analysis and assessment of the nature of real and potential threats to national interests in various fields of activity.

4. Determining and evaluating resources and capabilities to neutralize or parry real and potential threats.

5. Development of options for measures (means and methods of countering threats) to ensure the national security of the state.

6. Creation of an adequate state process and mechanism for the implementation of the National Security Concept.

And then there is hope that the political document set out in the form of a decree and issued to guide it will be the basis for the formation and implementation of a national security policy (diagram 10).

In the proposed scheme, an attempt was made to put national problems on the plane of direct action and, if possible, tie them not only to space and time, but also to all branches of government and society, guided by the fact that, firstly, the policy of ensuring national security is the main areas of activity to achieve the national goals of the Russian Federation at a certain interval and, secondly, the strategy for ensuring national security - these are specific actions of the state and society, expressed in the use of resources, organs, forces, means, methods and forms to neutralize real threats to vital interests of the individual, society and the state.

Undoubtedly, security guarantees in the modern world are largely still provided by force or the threat of force. It is no coincidence that in the current National Security Concept of the Russian Federation, most of the text of the fourth section is devoted to military security. And yet everything greater value in the world acquire scientific and technical, economic, political, moral and ethical and other non-force factors of ensuring national security.

Peaceful existence, and not war, now increasingly determines both the relations between individual states and the system of interstate relations at the regional and global levels.

Genuine peace in the future may not be based on a balance of power, but on ensuring a balance of interests of states and communities on the basis of contractual and legal principles. Further improvement of the regulatory and legal support of national security is a condition for the democratic development of the processes of self-organization of society and the state guarantee of the stability of the Russian Federation in the modern world