Yars missile system. Topol-M and Minuteman III. To the old dispute about rockets. The last decades of the last century
Latitude: 55.75, Longitude: 37.62 Time zone: Europe/Moscow (UTC+03:00) Moon phase calculation on 11/1/1942 (12:00) To calculate the phase of the moon for your city, register or login.
Characteristics of the Moon on November 7, 1942
On the date 07.11.1942 in 12:00 The moon is in phase "Waning moon". it 28 lunar day in lunar calendar. Moon in the sign of the zodiac Libra ♎. Light percentage The moon is 2%. Sunrise moon at 05:32 and sunset at 16:39.
Chronology of lunar days
- 27 lunar day from 04:13 06.11.1942 to 05:32 07.11.1942
- 28 lunar day from 05:32 11/07/1942 until the next day
Influence of the moon November 7, 1942
Moon in the zodiac sign Libra (±)
Moon in sign Scales. A good time to relax after hard work due to the lunar Virgo. It is best not to start something new and global, but to quickly complete what was previously started and planned.
A good and rather fruitful period for business cooperation based on mutual understanding and the absence of any disagreements. Negative point is an increasing difficulty in making decisions.
You can hesitate for a long time between all the pros and cons, look for both advantages and disadvantages, ponder, but never come to a final judgment. Therefore, it is best to postpone the adoption of responsible decisions to another, more favorable time for this.
28 lunar day (+ )
November 7, 1942 at 12:00 - 28 lunar day. Auspicious day for any "earthly" affairs: from the purchase of a new car to the repair of an apartment. There may be some (not particularly important) problems associated with weakening health. It is useful to listen to the advice of partners - this will benefit and avoid trouble.
Waning Moon (+ )
The moon is in phase Waning moon. The fourth lunar phase is the last phase of the lunar month. The period of the fourth quarter, which ends with the new moon. For this period, slowness, softness, and a certain lethargy are characteristic. This time is quite passive.
Forces and energy are rapidly declining at this time. As a result, in the fourth lunar phase, it is recommended to finish things, as well as manage the current ones. Fresh thoughts and ideas should be pushed back to the beginning of the next lunar month. Optimal time for debriefing.
In the fourth lunar phase, the overall activity decreases. During this period, it is advisable to reduce physical and mental stress. It is recommended to avoid conflicts, both in business affairs and in personal relationships. An increase in the likelihood of quarrels and partings is typical.
People during this period are extremely sensitive, impressionable, and to a large extent prone to resentment. This state of affairs is also reflected in the business sector. Therefore, in the business sphere, it is advisable to suspend significant meetings until the next phase of the lunar month.
Influence of the day of the week (±)
Day of the week - Saturday, this day falls under the influence of Saturn, a planet with a strong, heavy energy, in charge of work and learning.
On this day, it is best to tackle the tasks that have accumulated over the week, draw up plans for the following days, figuratively speaking, to unravel the tied knots. Estimated upcoming costs, as well as business plans, compiled on Saturday, most often turn out to be successful.
Try to hold business meetings on Saturday, never postpone them to Sunday.
Fierce battles of the formations of the 64th Army, under the command of Shumilov, were fought in the area of Kuporosnoye, Zelyonaya Polyana from October 25 to November 1. The 29th Rifle Division under the command of Lieutenant Colonel A.I. Losev and the 7th Rifle Corps, commanded by Major General S.G. Goryachev, took part in the offensive. The advancing Soviet units advanced 3-4 km and captured the southern part of Kuporosnoye. The stubborn resistance of the enemy did not allow further advancement, but this counterattack pinned down significant enemy forces.
In the second half of October 31 and on November 1 (Sunday), the enemy threw up significant forces of infantry and tanks in the direction of Latoshynka, the Krasny Oktyabr plant, and partially to the sector of the 64th Army. On the morning of November 1, he launched a series of fierce attacks, turning in places into a bayonet battle.
At 6 hours 30 minutes after the aviation and artillery preparation the enemy went on the offensive. It involved five infantry (389th, 305th, 79th, 100th and 295th) and two tank (24th and 14th) divisions, reinforced by engineer battalions of the 294th infantry division, deployed on planes from Rossosh, and the 161st Infantry Division, also delivered on planes from Millerovo. The front of the offensive, about five kilometers wide, went from Volkhovstroevskaya Street to the Banny ravine. The enemy strikes the main blow at the junction between the rifle divisions of Lyudnikov and Gorishny.
The 138th Rifle Division, with the attached 118th Guards Regiment of the 37th Guards Rifle Division, from 06:30 in the morning repelled attacks by infantry and tanks with air support. As a result of fierce battles in the 118th Guards Rifle Regiment, only 6 people remained from 200 bayonets; the commander of the regiment was badly wounded. The enemy tried to encircle the division from the north and south, to enter its rear from the banks of the Volga.
The troops of the Northern Group of Forces, by order of the commander, from 10 o'clock in the morning, with the support of the Volga flotilla, went on the offensive from the railway bridge at the mouth of the Mechetka to the Tractor Plant. Despite the strong resistance of the enemy, they slowly moved forward. In the air there were continuous battles between our aircraft and the enemy.
The 95th Rifle Division repels enemy attacks with up to two infantry divisions with tanks. At 11:30 a.m., the Nazis brought reserves into battle, their infantry and tanks crushed the battle formations on the right flank of the 241st rifle regiment Gorishny's divisions advanced 300-400 meters and reached the Volga at a front of 500-600 meters. The army was cut for the third time, and Lyudnikov's rifle division was cut off from the main forces. The remaining parts of the division in their former positions are engaged in a stubborn battle, repelling the fierce attacks of the enemy.
The 45th and 39th Guards Rifle Divisions repelled two enemy attacks on the Krasny Oktyabr plant. During the third attack, the enemy managed to partially push the 117th Guards Rifle Regiment. The fierce battle continues.
On Mamaev Kurgan, Batyuk's division fought oncoming battles with the advancing enemy. The 284th Infantry Division repelled enemy attacks on Mamaev Kurgan. On the sector of the 1045th Infantry Regiment, the enemy managed to penetrate into the battle formations of the regiment, but the situation is being restored by counterattacking reserves. The fight continues.
At the front of the 13th Guards Rifle Division, attacks by small enemy groups were repulsed. By the end of the day, the enemy managed, despite the resistance of our troops, to occupy the southern part of the Barrikady plant and here also reach the Volga. The position of the 62nd Army was aggravated by the freezing up that began on the Volga. (p.264)
95th Rifle Division repelled enemy attacks in the Petrol Tanks area, with forces over a battalion. 90th Rifle Regiment holds the Petrol Tanks area, where it consolidates itself. 241 joint ventures and 685 joint ventures are fixed at the turn of the ravine, which is 150 m northeast of Mezenskaya. The 45th Rifle Division and the 39th Guards Rifle Division are fighting in their former positions with small groups of infantry to improve their positions.
Operation of the crossing: in one voyage, the Pugachev steamer and BC No. 11, 12, 61 and 63 transferred 167 reinforcements, food and ammunition for the units. 400 wounded people were evacuated. According to incomplete data, during 11/18/42 the enemy lost over 900 soldiers and officers killed and wounded. (p.279)
Breakthrough of the enemy defenses was carried out simultaneously in several sectors. The weather was foggy. When the defense was breached, the use of aviation had to be abandoned. At 7 o'clock. 30 minutes. with a volley of rocket launchers - "Katyushas" - artillery preparation began. Firing at previously reconnoitered targets, artillery inflicted heavy losses on the enemy. 3500 guns and mortars smashed the enemy defenses. The crushing fire inflicted heavy damage on the enemy and had a frightening effect on him. However, due to poor visibility, not all targets were destroyed, especially on the flanks of the strike force of the Southwestern Front, where the enemy offered the greatest resistance to the advancing troops. At 8 o'clock. 50 min. the rifle divisions of the 5th Panzer and 21st Armies, together with tanks of direct infantry support, went on the attack.
The 14th and 47th Guards, 119th and 124th Rifle Divisions were in the first echelon of the 5th Tank Army. Despite the disorganization of the defense of the Romanian troops by powerful artillery fire, their resistance was not immediately broken. Therefore, the advancement of the 47th Guards, 119th and 124th rifle divisions 5th Panzer Army was initially insignificant. By 12 o'clock, having overcome the first position of the enemy's main line of defense, they advanced 2-3 km. Other formations also moved slowly. The 14th Guards Rifle Division, operating on the right flank of the army, met stubborn opposition from the enemy's unsuppressed firing points. Under these conditions, the army commander decided to bring into battle the success development echelon - the 1st and 26th tank corps. The tank corps moved forward, overtook the infantry and with a powerful blow finally broke through the enemy defenses in the center between pp. Zutskan, Queen.
1st Tank Corps under the command of Major General tank troops V. V. Butkova, interacting with the 47th Guards and 119th Rifle Divisions and the 157th Tank Brigade of the 26th Tank Corps, immediately took possession of the Klinov farm, which defended up to two artillery regiments and up to an infantry battalion, but with the approach of advanced units to Sandy met organized resistance of the enemy. During the first day of the offensive, the 1st Panzer Corps advanced 18 km.
The 26th Panzer Corps, moving in four columns to the left of the 1st Panzer Corps, had two tank brigades at its head. When approaching the 157th tank brigade to state farm no. 2, and the 19th tank brigade - to the northern slopes of height 223.0, the corps met with stubborn resistance from units of the 14th Romanian infantry division. It was especially strong in the sector of the 19th Tank Brigade, which operated on the left flank of the 124th Infantry Division. Having passed Front edge and having overtaken its infantry in the area of the enemy artillery positions, the right group met with serious fire resistance. Tankmen of Colonel Comrade Ivanov attacked in the forehead firing positions Hitler's artillery, but this did not positive result. Only after bypassing the flank and entering the rear of the enemy did the artillerymen, having abandoned their guns, fled. A sudden and daring attack of tanks from the front and rear gave success. On the move, the rear line was overcome - also by bypassing and covering the nodes of resistance.
The mobile group of the 5th Panzer Army - the 1st and 26th Tank Corps - by the middle of the first day of the offensive, had completed the breakthrough of the enemy's tactical defense and was deploying further actions in the operational depth, paving the way for the infantry. The 8th cavalry corps was introduced into the neck of the breakthrough (16 km along the front and in depth) in the afternoon.
Active offensive actions were launched by the infantry, the 47th Guards Rifle Division, in cooperation with the 8th Guards Tank Brigade and the 551st Separate Flamethrower Tank Battalion, overcoming stubborn enemy resistance on its way, by 1400 hours. 00 min. took possession of the Bolshoi settlement and a height of 166.2. Continuing to tirelessly pursue the retreating enemy, the 8th Guards Tank Brigade with a landing force of 200 riflemen of the 47th Guards Rifle Division by 1600 hours. 00 min. went up to Blinovsky, who by 20 o'clock. 00 min. was completely liberated, the 124th Rifle Division, interacting with the 216th Tank Brigade, overcoming enemy resistance and repulsing his counterattacks on its left flank, approached Nizhne-Fomikhinsky by the end of the day and started a battle here.
During the first day of the offensive, the 5th Panzer Army inflicted significant losses on the enemy. However, the pace of the offensive of the army formations did not fully correspond to the task, with the exception of the 47th Guards Rifle Division, which was close to its completion. The enemy, by maneuvering operational reserves from the depths, threw the 7th cavalry, 1st motorized and 15th infantry divisions into the area of \u200b\u200bPronin, Ust-Medvedetsky, Nizhne-Fomikhinsky, which temporarily delayed the advance of Soviet units here. The stubborn resistance of the enemy in front of the front of the 14th Guards Rifle Division created a threat to the right flank of the 5th Tank Army and delayed the advance of the left flank of the 1st Guards Army.
The 21st army, advancing from the Kletskaya area, dealt the main blow on the front 14 km from Kletskaya to height 163.3 east of Raspopinskaya. In the first echelon of the army, the 96th, 63rd, 293rd and 76th rifle divisions advanced. The enemy tried to hold their positions here too, the 96th and 63rd rifle divisions advanced slowly. The 293rd and 76th rifle divisions were more successful in the direction of the main attack.
To speed up the advance of the infantry and ensure the exit of the advancing troops into operational depth, commander of the 21st Army, Major General I. M. Chistyakov also used his mobile formations to complete the breakthrough of the enemy defenses. The mobile group consisting of the 4th Tank and 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps, located on the left flank of the army, at 12 o'clock. 00 min. entered the gap, the 4th Tank Corps under the command of Major General of the Tank Forces A. G. Kravchenko moved in two echelons, along two routes. The right column of the 4th tank corps, consisting of the 69th and 45th tank brigades, on the night of November 20 (by 01:00) went to the area of farm No. 1, the Pervomaisky state farm, Manoilin, having fought 30 35 km. The left column of the corps, consisting of the 102nd tank and 4th motorized rifle brigades, by the end of November 19, having advanced to a depth of 10-12 km, went to the Zakharov, Vlasov area, where they met stubborn enemy resistance.
The 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps under the command of Major General I. A. Pliev, fighting with the retreating enemy, advanced in the direction of Selivanovo, Verkhne-Buzinovka, Evlampievsky, Bolshenabatovsky. On the line of the villages of Nizhnyaya and Verkhnyaya Buzinovka, the enemy, trying to hold back the advance of our units, opened heavy artillery and mortar fire. General I. A. Pliev decided to bypass Nizhne-Buzinovka from the south with units of the 6th Guards Cavalry Division and attack the enemy from the rear. Parts of the 5th and 32nd cavalry divisions, together with T-34 tanks, advanced from the front to the enemy's trench line. The battle lasted two hours. After the strike of the 6th Guards Cavalry Division from the rear, the enemy's defense was broken through to the full depth.
The main blow was delivered by the formations of the 65th Army, commanded by Lieutenant General P.I. Batov. At 7 o'clock. 30 minutes. regiments of heavy guards mortars fired the first salvo. Artillery preparation was carried out on pre-shot targets. At 8 o'clock. 50 minutes - 80 minutes after the start of artillery preparation - rifle divisions went on the attack.
The first two lines of trenches on the coastal high ground were taken at once. The battle for the nearest heights unfolded. The enemy's defense was built according to the type of separate strongholds connected by trenches of a full profile. Each height is a heavily fortified point. The ravines and hollows are mined, the approaches to the heights are covered with wire, Bruno's spirals. Parts of the 27th Guards Rifle Division, interacting on the right with the 76th Rifle Division of the 21st Army, advanced well. In the center of the 65th Army, where the 304th Rifle Division of Colonel S.P. Merkulov was advancing, the enemy forced the attackers to lay low with strong fire. The troops of this division and the 91st tank brigade, having a breakthrough front width of 2.5 km, advanced on the Kletskaya, Melo-Kletsky sector.
The Soviet divisions had to overcome the stubborn resistance of the enemy on terrain that was inaccessible to the advancing. By 4 p.m., the diabolical triangle of heights in the direction of the main attack (135.0, 186.7 and Melo-Kletsky) was finally broken. But the pace of advancement of the shock group is still low. Units and subunits of the 304th, 321st and 27th Guards Rifle Divisions continued to fight fierce battles with the stubbornly resisting enemy. By the end of the day, the troops of the 65th Army, with their right flank, advanced into the depth of the enemy’s location up to 4-5 km, without overcoming the main line of his defense, the 304th Rifle Division of this army, after a stubborn battle, occupied Melo-Kletsky. The enemy retreated in the direction of Tsimlovsky.
In the 57th Army, commanded by Major General F. I. Tolbukhin, artillery preparation was supposed to begin at 8 o'clock. But in the morning fog intensified, and visibility deteriorated sharply. The snowfall has begun. The front commander, Colonel-General A. I. Eremenko, postponed the start of artillery preparation for one hour, then for another hour. But now the fog began to gradually dissipate. The signal was given to begin artillery preparation at 10 o'clock. After a salvo of heavy "eres" - M-30 rocket launchers, a general cannonade of guns and mortars began, which lasted up to 75 minutes. The 57th Army, with the forces of the 422nd and 169th Rifle Divisions, broke through the enemy defenses on the front between the lakes Sarpa and Tsatsa, striking to the south and southwest. The enemy was forced to retreat to the line of Tonenkaya gully, Shosha gully, 55th km siding, Morozov gully. Having completed the immediate task, the troops of the 57th Army turned in the direction of the collective farm. March 8 and further to the northwest, covering the Stalingrad enemy grouping from the southwest.
At 08:30, after artillery preparation, the 51st Army under the command of Major General N. I. Trufanov went on the offensive. The 51st Army was advancing with its main forces from the interlake Tsatsa, Barmantsak in the general direction of Plodovitoe, Verkhne-Tsaritsynsky, Sovetsky. Ensuring the operations of the main forces from the north, the 15th Guards Rifle Division of the 51st Army attacked the enemy from the inter-lake Sarpa, Tsats in the direction of the Privolzhsky state farm.
Formations of the 64th Army under the command of Lieutenant General M.S. Shumilov went on the offensive at 14:20. The 64th Army went on the offensive with formations of its left flank - the 36th Guards, 204th and 38th Rifle Divisions. Having broken through the enemy defenses on the front south of Elkha, the troops of this army advanced 4-5 km by the end of the day, clearing the village of. Andreevka.
In the afternoon of November 20, when the strike groups of the Stalingrad Front broke through the enemy defenses in all three sectors of the offensive, mobile formations were introduced into the gaps formed - the 13th tank and 4th mechanized corps under the command of Colonel T. I. Tanaschishin and General major tank troops V. T. Volsky and the 4th cavalry corps under the command of Lieutenant General T. T. Shapkin. The mobile troops of the front rushed deep into the enemy defenses in the northwestern and southwestern directions.
The 13th tank corps of the 57th army was introduced into the gap at 16 o'clock in two echelons and moved in two columns in the general direction of Nariman. By the end of the day, he covered a distance of 10-15 km. The 4th mechanized corps of the 51st army was introduced into the gap at 13 o’clock in one echelon in the offensive zones of the 15th guards and 126th rifle divisions, the 4th cavalry corps entered the gap at 22:00, following the 4th mechanized corps, developing the offensive in a westerly direction. Under the blows of the advancing Soviet troops, the 6th army corps of the Romanians operating here retreated to the Aksay region with heavy losses.
In the morning, units of the 39th Army crossed the Young Tud River, but in the central sector the infantry was stopped by powerful enemy fire, and the attackers had to retreat back across the river. On the flanks of the army, Soviet troops managed to advance up to 5 km. During the day, the army put unrelenting pressure on the German fortifications and pinned down the German reserves to make it easier for the large force attacking in the south.
After an hour of artillery preparation, units of the 39th Army of the Kalinin Front launched an offensive across the Young Tud River at 10 o'clock. The snowfall stopped, visibility improved significantly and aircraft were able to participate in the preparations for the attack. The gunners managed to suppress the German strongholds, which yesterday caused serious damage to the infantry and tanks. Parts of the army crossed the river and quickly entrenched themselves in the forests on the far bank of the river. Attackers by night Soviet troops pushed the Germans back two kilometers from the front line and, after heavy fighting, captured the village of Palatkino. The German infantry, supported by tanks, repeatedly launched counterattacks, but they were all repulsed.
At dawn on November 26, after artillery preparation, units of the 22nd Army of the Kalinin Front, with the support of two tank brigades of Katukov, resumed the offensive. On the banks of the Luchesa, the 280th Infantry Regiment of the 185th Infantry Division of Colonel Andryushchenko crossed the frozen river and entrenched itself on its northern bank. Unable to withstand the assertive Soviet attack, the Germans abandoned their forward positions north of the river and retreated to the fortified settlement of Griva. The new positions were located along the front slopes of the ridge between the Luchesa and the tributary that flows into the Luchesa from the north. When two regiments of Andryushchenko approached the Mane, the Germans met them with deadly fire. The escort tanks of the 1st Guards Tank Brigade fell behind the infantry at the river crossing, and without their support, the Soviet attack froze at noon. In the Pushers sector, Colonel Karpov several times sent his 238th Rifle Division to attack German fortifications and captured the enemy stronghold before dark. His losses were also extremely heavy, and by the end of the day Karpov abandoned further attacks.
On the night of November 25-26, in the offensive zone of the 41st Army of the Kalinin Front, the infantry of General Povetkin's 6th Rifle Corps, with the support of Solomatin's advanced armored detachments, made their way through the forest east of the Vishenka River. There was little resistance. Armored vehicles slowly moved along the forest paths through the positions of Vinogradov's infantry, to the village of Spas on the Vienna River, located three kilometers away. On November 26, at 10:00, Solomatin's tanks and Povetkin's infantry resumed their joint offensive to the east, towards the Nacha River. Solomatin left the weakened 150th Infantry Division and the 219th Tank Brigade on the left flank to destroy the surviving German strongholds south of Bely. In the center of the breakthrough, Vinogradov's 75th Rifle Brigade resumed its offensive, led by Major Afanasyev's 4th Tank Regiment and escorted by the remaining units of Lieutenant Colonel V. I. Kuzmenko's 35th Mechanized Brigade. Enemy resistance was crushed, Afanasiev's armored vehicles crossed the forest and broke out into an open field west of Vienna. While the main part of Solomatin's corps was successfully expanding the breakthrough zone, the 219th Tank Brigade of Colonel Ya. A. Davydov and the 150th Rifle Division of Colonel Gruz tried to destroy the enemy south of Bely. German troops continued to hold Budino.
At the end of the day, the forces of the 41st Army resumed their attacks. Supported by the assembled 219th Tank Brigade of Colonel Ya. A. Davydov, the 150th Infantry Division Gruz broke the German resistance at Dubrovka, advanced and faced even stronger resistance in an attempt to capture Vlaznevo and positions opposite Maryino in the Vena River valley. The offensive of the 219th tank brigade was again stopped by fierce resistance and enemy fire from Maryino. Meanwhile, a fierce battle continued south of Baturin, in which the 19th mechanized brigade entered. During the grueling battle in conditions of heavy snow, villages changed hands until the onset of darkness forced the opponents to temporarily stop fighting. Despite a fierce struggle and huge losses on both sides, Baturina remained in the hands of the Germans. Tarasov's troops, attacking the German fortifications south of the city, suffered huge losses in two days of fierce battles.
Battle of Stalingrad. During November 28-30, a fierce struggle continued on all three fronts. During these battles, the troops of the 21st, 65th and 24th armies managed to capture the heavily fortified enemy resistance nodes - Peskovatka and Vertyachim. In other sectors, the enemy continued to hold the occupied lines. From November 24 to November 30, stubborn battles unfolded on the outer front of the encirclement. The troops of 10 rifle divisions, one tank and three cavalry corps operating here suffered significant losses in previous battles. Overcoming stubborn opposition from the enemy, the troops of the 1st Guards and 5th Tank Armies of the Southwestern Front entrenched themselves along the lines of the Krivaya and Chir rivers. At the same time, formations of the 51st Army and the 4th Cavalry Corps of the Stalingrad Front were fighting in the southwestern sector outer front environment. The troops of the front reduced the area occupied by the enemy by more than half - to 1500 km² (from west to east - 40 km and from north to south - from 30 to 40 km). F. Paulus was awarded the rank of Colonel General.
Transcaucasian Front. The troops of the Northern Group of the Transcaucasian Front launched an offensive on the northern bank of the river. Terek. On November 30, the 4th Guards Kuban Corps struck at the rear of the enemy's Mozdok grouping.
Sovinformburo. THE OFFENSIVE OF OUR TROOPS CONTINUES
I. UNDER STALINGRAD. During November 30, our troops near Stalingrad, overcoming enemy resistance, advanced 6-10 kilometers and occupied a number of fortified points. During the battles from November 26 to 30, the enemy left up to 20,000 corpses of soldiers and officers on the battlefield.
II. ON THE CENTRAL FRONT. During November 30, our troops on the Central Front, overcoming enemy resistance and repelling counterattacks by his infantry and tanks, successfully continued the offensive and occupied several settlements.
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Stalingrad battle. Chronicle, facts, people. Book 1 Zhilin Vitaly Aleksandrovich
November 7, 1942
EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL SUMMARY No. 311
GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY
at 8.00 7.11.42
Cards: 500,000 and 100,000
During November 6, the troops of the Stalingrad Front continued to hold their previous positions and, with part of their forces, repelled several attacks by small groups of enemy infantry in the area of the Red October plant.
On the Transcaucasian Front, on November 6, part of the troops of the Northern Group launched a counteroffensive against the enemy grouping that had entered the area west of the city of Ordzhonikidze and, overcoming its stubborn resistance, advanced in a number of points; the troops of the Black Sea group part of the forces fought with the enemy in the areas of Mount Semashkho, south of Kirkorov, Azovskaya.
On the remaining fronts, our troops held their former positions and fought local battles at a number of points.
9.Troops of the Voronezh Front continued to occupy and strengthen their former positions. On November 5, snipers of the front destroyed 110 and on November 6, 155 enemy soldiers and officers.
10.Troops of the Southwestern Front, remaining in their previous positions, strengthened them and conducted reconnaissance.
11.Troops of the Don Front defended their former positions and conducted reconnaissance. In some sectors of the front, there was a rare artillery-mortar and rifle-machine-gun firefight from both sides.
12.Troops of the Stalingrad Front during 6.11 they occupied their former positions and strengthened them.
62nd Army. Units 45 sd and 39 guards. SD repelled with fire small groups of enemy infantry, who were trying to attack our positions in the area of the Red October plant.
There were no changes in the position of the army units.
64th, 57th, 51st and 28th Army occupied their former position.
14. According to the headquarters of the Red Army Air Force, Air Force fronts and air force aviation during November 6, due to unfavorable weather conditions, they conducted limited military operations to destroy enemy manpower and military equipment in the areas of Tuganovo, Simonovo, sowing. part of the city of Stalingrad; bombed railway stations Mga, Tosno, Chudovo, Rozhdestveno, Osuga, Aleksandrino, Volosta, Friday, Voroponovo, Tinguta, Zhutovo, enemy airfields Mayatalo, Soltsy, Glebovshchina, Sands, Orsha, Grivochki, Armavir, Soldierskaya; conducted reconnaissance of enemy troops and covered the main groupings of their troops on the battlefield.
According to preliminary data, 1,037 sorties were made, of which: against enemy troops and targets - 826, to cover friendly troops - 85, to reconnaissance enemy troops - 119 and to transport cargo - 7.
In air battles, 5 enemy aircraft were shot down and 2 destroyed at the airfield.
Our losses: 14 aircraft did not return to their airfields.
According to additional information, Navy Air Force, 7th separate army and aviation 4th and 5th Air Armies on November 5, 493 sorties were carried out against enemy troops and targets.
16 enemy planes were shot down in air battles.
Our losses: 9 planes shot down; 10 aircraft did not return to their airfields.
Deputy chief of opera management
General Staff of the Red Army
major general
TETESHKIN
Head of information department of operas. management
General Staff of the Red Army
major general
PLATONOV
Central Administration of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, f. 16, op. 1072ss, d. 11, l. 44-48.
FROM INFORMATION SUMMARY
HIGH COMMAND OF THE WEhrmacht
In the area of Stalingrad there were battles of local importance. Bombers, incl. diving, carried out bombing attacks on battery positions and settlements east of the Volga.
Information reports of the Wehrmacht High Command (January 1, 1942 - December 31, 1942).- Berlin, Viking Verlag, 1943.
FROM THE SOVIET INFORMBUREAU
During the night of November 7, our troops fought with the enemy in the Stalingrad region, northeast of Tuapse and southeast of Nalchik. There were no changes on other fronts.
In the Stalingrad area, battles with the enemy continued. The fighters of the N-th part, operating in the area of \u200b\u200bfactories, drove the Germans out of two fortified points and up to an enemy infantry company. In the southern sector of the city's defense, our units destroyed 9 bunkers and exterminated 180 German soldiers and officers.
To the north-west of Stalingrad there was an artillery and mortar firefight. The fire of our artillerymen destroyed 8 bunkers, suppressed the fire of 3 artillery and 2 mortar batteries, dispersed and partially destroyed up to the battalion German infantry. In another area, a reconnaissance detachment of Italians was defeated, trying to penetrate the rear of the Soviet troops at night.
During November 7, our troops fought with the enemy in the Stalingrad region, northeast of Tuapse and southeast of Nalchik. There were no changes on other fronts.
In the area of Stalingrad, our troops strengthened their positions and part of the forces repelled enemy attacks. The Germans unsuccessfully tried to attack our strongholds with infantry forces. Artillery, mortar and machine-gun fire from our units inflicted heavy losses on the enemy. Only in the area of factories up to 700 German soldiers and officers were exterminated, several tanks, 11 machine guns were destroyed and 4 enemy bunkers were destroyed.
Northwest of Stalingrad, our troops were engaged in a firefight with the enemy. Artillerymen of the N-th unit destroyed 3 German bunkers, blew up an ammunition depot, suppressed fire 3 artillery batteries and scattered to a company of enemy infantry. Our fighters shot down 2 German aircraft with machine-gun fire.
Pravda, November 8, 1942
From the book Battle of Stalingrad. Chronicle, facts, people. Book 1 author Zhilin Vitaly AlexandrovichNovember 2, 1942 EXTRACTION FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 306 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 8.00 2.11.42 Map: 500,000 and 100,000
From the author's bookNovember 4, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 308 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 8.00 4.11.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000
From the author's bookNovember 5, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 309 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY at 8.00 on November 5, 1942 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000
From the author's bookNovember 6, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 310 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 8.00 6.11.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000
From the author's bookNovember 7, 1942 EXTRACTION FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 311 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 8.00 7.11.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000
From the author's bookNovember 8, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 312 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 8.00 8.11.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000 During November 7, the troops of the Stalingrad Front continued to hold their previous positions and part of the forces repelled several attacks by small groups of enemy infantry in
From the author's bookNovember 9, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIVE REPORT No. 313 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 8.00 9.11.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000
From the author's bookNovember 10, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 314 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 8.00 11.10.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000 On the Transcaucasian Front, the troops of the Northern Group, part of the forces, continued to fight on the destroyed enemy grouping in the Gizel area during November 9; troops
From the author's bookNovember 11, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 315 of the GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY at 8.00 11.11.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000
From the author's bookNovember 12, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 316 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 8.00 12.11.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000 Troops of the Stalingrad Front during November 11 part of the forces fought stubborn defensive battles with enemy infantry and tanks in the city of Stalingrad. In Transcaucasia
November 17, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 321 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 8.00 11.17.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000 On the Stalingrad Front, on November 16, our units repelled repeated enemy attacks in the area of the Barrikady plant. After fierce fighting on November 15-16, our units left
From the author's bookNovember 18, 1942 EXTRACT FROM OPERATIONAL REPORT No. 322 OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE RED ARMY on 8.00 11.18.42 Maps: 500,000 and 100,000
MOBILE MISSILE COMPLEX "YARS"
MOBILE MISSILE COMPLEX YARS
Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) RS-24 "Yars" as part of a mobile ground missile system (PGRK) and a checker missile system was developed by cooperation between enterprises headed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT). The chief designer of the complex is Yu. Solomonov. The RS-24 missile is a deep modification of the 15Zh65 missile of the RT-2PM2 Topol-M complex.
The ICBM is equipped with a multiple reentry vehicle. These missiles will begin to enter service with the Strategic Missile Forces this summer and, according to forecasts of foreign experts, they will serve for the next 10-20 years. The RS-24 should replace the "heavy" ICBMs of the R-36M (RS-20 "Satan") and UR-100N UTTKh (RS-18, known in the West as the "Stiletto") ICBMs.
The developer of the Yars ICBM is the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT), headed by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yuri Solomonov. According to available information, technologies obtained during the creation of the Topol-M complex were used in the development of the rocket, which made it possible to significantly reduce the design time.
The ICBM has three solid propellant sustainer stages. Marching steps have a one-piece "cocoon" body, made by winding threads from a polymer composite material based on aramid fiber, selected according to the state of the domestic production base with the prospect of its development. Controls: central rotary control nozzle with non-folding nozzle nozzle on the first marching degree and with sliding nozzle nozzles on the 2nd and 3rd stages.
The new ICBM, equipped with multiple reentry vehicles and missile defense penetration systems, will preserve the potential of Russian strategic nuclear forces at the proper level in the context of the deployment of the US global missile defense system.
The control system (developed by NPO AP) is inertial, based on the BTsVK, a gyro-stabilized platform and a radio correction circuit (developed by JSC RKRKPIS) using the GLONASS satellite navigation system. The complex of high-speed command gyroscopic instruments has improved accuracy characteristics, the new BTsVK has increased productivity and resistance to PFYAV. Aiming is provided through the implementation of an autonomous determination of the azimuth of the control element installed on a gyro-stabilized platform using a ground-based command instrumentation complex located on the TPK. The combat readiness, accuracy and continuous operation life of on-board equipment have been increased.
The complex of ground equipment and launchers for the Yars PGRK were created at JSC Central Design Bureau Titan. This complex includes autonomous launchers on eight-axle off-road and maneuverability chassis, with a high degree of automation, capable of carrying out combat duty on weakly bearing soils and providing missile launches from any point on the patrol route.
Except launchers According to the technical specifications of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering, the Central Design Bureau "Titan" develops, manufactures and puts into operation a number of specialized units and equipment:
supply vehicles combat duty, intended for power supply of the APU, its protection, creation of conditions for personnel to carry out combat duty, rest and life;
combat vehicles escorts that provide training in driving launchers and the ability to tow damaged units of the complex;
transport and reloading vehicles for transporting missiles in containers and loading them onto launchers using a craneless method;
tractors for towing transport-handling machines;
engineering support and camouflage vehicles, whose tasks include conducting all types of reconnaissance, creating decoys, etc.;
transport and reloading units on multi-axle self-propelled chassis designed to transport and load missiles on launchers by a craneless method in the field;
service kits, spare parts and other technological equipment.
As part of the creation of the RS-24 ICBM on November 1, 2005, by launching the Topol ICBM with a standard SPU from the Kapustin Yar test site (Astrakhan region) towards the Sary-Shagan test site, flight tests of a single warhead breeding platform, new means of overcoming missile defense and unified warheads for RS-24 ICBMs and Bulava SLBMs. The tests were successful.
On April 22, 2006, tests of the disengagement platform and warheads were continued. The K65M-R launch vehicle was launched from the Kapustin Yar test site. The warhead breeding platform is designed to deliver 6 MIRVs. The tested platform has the ability to perform trajectory maneuvers that make it difficult for the enemy to solve missile defense problems. The launch program was completed in full. On December 8, 2007, a successful test launch of the Topol-E rocket with a new warhead was carried out from the Kapustin Yar test site in the Astrakhan region.
May 29, 2007 at 14-20 Moscow time, the first launch of the Yars ICBM took place, all the tasks of which were completed. The launch was carried out from the Plesetsk cosmodrome (Arkhangelsk region) using the upgraded BGRK Topol-M, which confirms a high degree unification of both missile systems. On December 25, 2007, the second launch of the RS-24 ICBM was successfully carried out, and on November 26, 2008, the third, also successful. In all three cases, the launch was carried out from the Plesetsk cosmodrome along the combat field of the Kura training ground on the Kamchatka Peninsula.
RS-24 missiles are produced at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. The launcher of the mobile complex is located on the MZKT-79221 eight-wheeled chassis manufactured by the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant and developed at the Titan Central Design Bureau. Serial production of launchers for the mobile complex is carried out by the Volgograd Production Association "Barrikada". In 2009, the Central Design Bureau "Titan" created the first copies of the starting units of the Yars complex.
In 2009, the Aksion plant in Izhevsk began manufacturing control equipment complexes different kind basing complex "Yars". In 2010, a decision was made to designate JSC Izhevsk Motor Plant Aksion-Holding as the head manufacturer of rolling stock command post in the interests of the Strategic Missile Forces.
In the Strategic Missile Forces, the RS-24 missile will be in service in parallel with the Topol-M mobile ground complexes.
At the end of 2010, the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN), Sergei Karakaev, announced that the Strategic Missile Forces were abandoning the Topol-M monoblock complex and rearming with Yars.
The first appearance of the RK "Yars" in the armed forces took place in December 2009, experimental combat duty "Yars" as part of the 1st division, took place in the Teykovskaya division. In December 2010, the 2nd division, consisting of three SPUs, was transferred to the Teykovskaya division.
During the re-equipment of the formation with new types of missile systems, the infrastructure of the positional areas of the missile regiments was improved with the construction of new barracks, headquarters, training buildings and canteens, and the base of modern training facilities was increased.
Prior to this, the servicemen of each of the missile battalions that entered combat duty underwent three stages of retraining at the Yars PGRK. The first of them was organized on the basis of the Teikovsky missile formation and included the theoretical training of military personnel, the second stage was held in training center Aerospace Defense Troops stationed at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The final stage - practical - took place directly in the missile regiment during the commissioning of the Yars PGRK. Each stage of the retraining of military personnel ended with the delivery of a number of tests.
The first missile regiment "Yarsov" took up combat duty in early March 2011 in the Ivanovo region. At the end of 2011, the second regiment, armed with the RS-24 Yars mobile strategic missile system, took up combat duty. The complex was put on combat duty in the Teikovsky missile formation in the Ivanovo region.
In mid-2012, the missile formations of Irkutsk, Novosibirsk and Kozelsk in the Kaluga region began preparations for the deployment of the latest Yars missile systems. In September 2012, the placement of the next missile division, armed with the Yars mobile ground-based missile system (PGRK), the re-equipment of this unit with the latest missile systems was completed, and at present the unit is the first in the Strategic Missile Forces to be completely re-equipped with the 5th generation PGRK. Two missile regiments of the formation have been re-equipped with the Topol-M PGRK, and two more missile regiments are on combat duty with the Yars PGRK, equipped with RS-24 ICBMs with a multiple reentry vehicle.
In November 2012 on the basis of the 161st school of technicians Missile troops Strategic Purpose (RVSN) of the Kapustin Yar training ground, successful acceptance tests of the first sample of the latest simulator for training driver-mechanics of autonomous launchers of the Yars mobile ground missile system were carried out.
In December 2012, the newest Topol-M and Yars PGRKs completed the re-equipment of the Teikovsky formation;
Novosibirsk missile division in 2013, it received new Yars mobile complexes. Putting these missiles on combat duty, Vladimir Putin called one of the main results of the outgoing year.
SPU units re-equipped on missile system Yars are equipped with the latest automated security systems (ASO), which include a set modern means, increasing their reliability and readiness for their intended use in any situation.
System combat control The fourth generation, which is being introduced in the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) with the adoption of the Yars mobile ground-based strategic missile system, can significantly increase the reliability and range of delivering orders, thanks to more advanced means of communication. As a result, missile systems can be successfully used without limiting distances when performing maneuver actions, as well as expand the possibilities for choosing combat patrol routes.
The use of advanced mobile control posts will ensure sustainable, continuous and operational control nuclear weapons taking into account the features combat use both existing and prospective strategic missile systems in real time. The adoption and equipping of the re-equipped formations of the Strategic Missile Forces with a new automated combat control system (ASBU) will allow in the future to proceed with the modernization of existing stationary control posts.
December 24, 2013 at 11:00 Moscow time, a combat crew of the Strategic Missile Forces from the Plesetsk State Test Cosmodrome conducted a test launch of a solid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) RS-24 "Yars" of a stationary mine-based, equipped with a multiple reentry vehicle.
Training warheads hit targets at the Kura training ground (Kamchatsky kr.) with a given accuracy. The main objectives of the launch were to confirm the performance, reliability, safety, flight performance and accuracy characteristics of the missile system in conditions as close as possible to combat use.
It is planned to equip the Kozelsky missile formation with this type of missile system from 2014.
Supplies to the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) continue promising funds engineering weapons to increase the maneuverability and survivability of mobile-based combat missile systems, among which are the engineering support and camouflage vehicle (MIOM) and the remote demining vehicle (MDR). In 2013, these vehicles were delivered to the Teykovskoye missile formation (Ivanovo region). Now three missile regiments of this division are 100% equipped with engineering support and camouflage vehicles. In 2014, 7 such universal vehicles that have no analogues in the Armed Forces Russian Federation, will go to the Novosibirsk and Tagil missile formations, re-equipped with the Yars missile system. In addition, this year the delivery of two remote demining vehicles MDR "Foliage" is planned to be delivered to the Teykovskaya Missile Division this year.
The Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) are receiving new satellite navigation equipment of geodetic accuracy class. It makes it possible to determine the planned and height coordinates of points with an accuracy of 1 cm. This is especially important in the geodetic preparation of the positional areas of the rearmed missile divisions for the Yars complex. Therefore, it was these Strategic Missile Forces units that were among the first to receive modern geodetic equipment. The new equipment is designed not only to improve the accuracy of determining the initial geodetic data, but also to save (several times) the time for their determination. In the units being re-equipped for the Yars complex, the units of the aiming control service and astronomical and geodetic support (KP and AGO) have already prepared positional areas with the help of this equipment. Further field work continues. The service of the Command and AGO of the Strategic Missile Forces regularly monitors the developed and put into service satellite navigation equipment of geodetic accuracy class.
In 2014, the Tagil and Novosibirsk divisions continued to re-equip mobile-based Yars complexes. In Tagil, two missile regiments switched to them, in Novosibirsk - one. At the same time, one of the regiments of the Kozelskaya division was equipped with new stationary complexes. By the end of 2014, the Strategic Missile Forces received more than 130 simulators, including those that allow training specialists for the RS-24 Yars missile system.
April 14, 2014 at 10:40 (Moscow time) from the Plesetsk State Test Cosmodrome, a joint combat crew of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) and the Aerospace Defense Forces (VKO) conducted a test launch from a mobile launcher of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) RS-24 "Yars", equipped with a multiple reentry vehicle. The main purpose of the launch is to confirm the reliability of a batch of rockets of a similar class manufactured at the Votkinsk Plant OJSC. Experimental warheads arrived in a given area at the Kura training ground on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The set goals of the launch have been achieved, the tasks have been completed in full.
In 2014-2015, the Strategic Missile Forces will receive 40 mobile and silo-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) Yars, Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces Sergey Karakayev said at a briefing in December 2014. “In 2014, 16 ICBMs of the Yars missile system were delivered to the troops, including 12 mobile ground-based and 4 silo-based. In 2015, it is planned to supply the troops with 24 ICBMs of the Yars missile system of mobile ground and stationary basing,” Karakayev said.
On December 26, 2014 at 11:02 Moscow time, a joint combat crew of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces conducted a test launch of a solid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile RS-24 "Yars" of a mobile ground-based, equipped with a multiple reentry vehicle. The main goals of the launch are to confirm the technical reliability of the missiles of the RS-24 Yars complex, manufactured in 2013-2014, as well as to confirm the combat and operational characteristics of the complex itself. The training warheads of the rocket hit the target at the Kura training ground in Kamchatka with a given accuracy.
In accordance with the schedule for the commissioning of the stationary-based Yars strategic missile system, from March 24, 2015, the third stage of state tests of systems and units of the command post, a unified power supply system, automated system protection. Intersystem adjustment of equipment is carried out in the conditions of a military unit.
On May 9, 2015, as part of the mechanized parade column of the Strategic Missile Forces, 3 autonomous launchers of the Yars mobile ground-based missile system (PGRK) of the Teykovo missile formation stationed in the Ivanovo region will pass through Red Square for the first time. Since 2008, the personnel and equipment of the Teikovsky missile formation will take part in the military parade on Red Square in Moscow for the fourth time. The total number of drivers participating in the military parade at the Yars PGRK is about 30,000 km. Two launchers of Yars missile systems will participate in the 2015 Victory Parade in Novosibirsk for the first time.
In the summer of 2013, for the creation of the Yars strategic missile system, he was awarded the State Prize for Science and Technology CEO Corporation "Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering" Sergey Nikulin and General Director-General Designer of the Central Design Bureau "Titan" Viktor Shurygin.
ICBM "Yars" together with "Topol-M" in the coming decades will form the basis of the strike force of the Strategic Missile Forces. Generally speaking, four divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces will be armed with RS-24 missiles with a multiple reentry vehicle. This process is calculated until 2025. The Yars ICBM will form the basis of the strike force of the Strategic Missile Forces in the next 30-40 years and will allow Russia to give an immediate and adequate response to the actions of possible aggressors.
There was information that on the basis of "Yars" in Russia they could create new combat railway missile systems that would be used instead of the systems 15P961 "Molodets" decommissioned by the Strategic Missile Forces in 2005. As before, the new strategic equipment will not differ externally from ordinary refrigerated cars.
Earlier, the general designer of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering, the chief developer of the rocket, Yuri Solomonov, said that the deployment of Yars missiles at the railway complex is inexpedient and expensive. “Regarding the railway complex, indeed, it could be. Such design work has been carried out, and it has been deemed inappropriate to develop these works due to the fact that from the point of view of “survivability”, compared to mobile soil complexes, this is the same, ”Solomonov said at a press conference. At the same time, he stressed that "this is a huge amount of money associated not even with the missile system, but with the infrastructure that has been lost over the years."
However, the BZHRK will be created by 2018, and after that, flight design tests will go on for about two years. missiles are not planned.
On the day of the 70th anniversary of the Victory, 3 autonomous launchers (APUs) of the Yars mobile ground-based missile system (PGRK) passed through Red Square for the first time. "Yars" of the Teikovsky missile formation, stationed in the Ivanovo region, proceeded on May 9, 2015 as part of a mechanized column of the front crew of the Strategic Missile Forces.
According to the military department, each Yars needed 100 kilograms of paint: 60 kilograms of a protective color for the PGRK itself and 40 kilograms of black for the chassis.
PGRK "Yars" is the most modern strategic missile system of domestic, which is in service with the Strategic Missile Forces. It was created on the basis of the Topol-M complex and differs from the latter in the presence of a multiple warhead with individual targeting warheads.
Three autonomous launchers were involved in the Victory Parade and in its preparation, vehicle for training APU drivers, a combat duty support vehicle (MOBD) and Tiger vehicles.
The Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) received 34 types of weapons from the Yars PGRK, according to the materials of the Ministry of Defense prepared for one day acceptance of military products in July 2015. "In the interests of the Strategic Missile Forces, military representatives received 34 types of weapons from the Yars mobile ground missile system (PGRK) - mobile launchers, combat duty support vehicles, engineering support and camouflage vehicles, and combat anti-sabotage vehicles," the document says. . According to Deputy Defense Minister Yury Borisov during the acceptance procedure, seven mobile launchers, eight intercontinental ballistic missiles, 19 combat duty support vehicles, two engineering support and camouflage vehicles, and six combat anti-sabotage vehicles were received over the past quarter.
“The indicator of the implementation of the annual plan is about 10 percent,” Borisov said, adding that, taking this into account, the share of the provision of the Strategic Missile Forces modern weapons is 46%.
SINGLE DAY OF ACCEPTANCE OF MILITARY PRODUCTS 07/16/2015 (Transcript)
It is planned to fully re-equip all missile divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces with the Yars and Yars-M mobile ground missile systems with the RS-26 missile in 2021, Colonel-General Viktor Yesin, consultant to the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, said on July 21, 2015. “The entire process of re-equipping all missile divisions armed with the Topol missile system with the Yars mobile missile system and the Yars-M mobile missile system, sometimes called Rubezh with the RS-26 missile, is planned for 2021. It is by this time that the Topol PGRK will be decommissioned,” Esin said. According to him, now 7 missile divisions out of 12 that are part of the Strategic Missile Forces are armed with the Topol missile system. “To date, the Teykovskaya Missile Division has been re-equipped with Topol-M and Yars missile systems. Its rearmament is completed," the general said.
In August 2015, more than 100 officers, warrant officers, contract and conscription servicemen of the next re-equipped missile regiment of the Tagil missile formation of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) began retraining for the newest mobile ground-based missile system (PGRK) "Yars" in the 183rd training center, stationed in the Arkhangelsk region.
CHARACTERISTICS
Firing range - intercontinental
Combat equipment - MIRV
Thrown weight 1200 kg;
Length - 21.9 - 22.55 m
Length without head section - 17 m
Length of the 1st stage - 8.04 m
Hull diameter - 1.81 - 1.86 m
Diameter of the 2nd and 3rd steps - 1.58 m
SELF-PROPELLED LAUNCH (SPU):
SPU corresponds to the used SPU "Topol-M"
Chassis - multi-axle MZKT-79221
Wheel formula - 16 x 16
Curb weight - 44000 kg
Load capacity - 80000 kg
Length - approx. 22.7 m
Width - approx. 3.4 m
Height - approx. 3.3 m
Engine - YaMZ-847.10 diesel engine with a power of 800 hp, 4-stroke, 12-cylinder, turbocharged
Maximum speed - 45 km / h
Power reserve - 500 km
ROCKET:
- length 22.0 meters;
– step length 8.0 meters;
- diameter 2 and 3 steps 1.58 meters;
MOBILE MISSILE COMPLEX "YARS" ON THE DAY OF THE VICTORY PARADE 2015
And let's study the RS-24 "Yars" - the Russian intercontinental solid-propellant ballistic missile for silo and mobile placement, equipped with a multiple leading part?
It was developed by the Moscow Thermal Engineering Institute under the direction of Yu. S. Solomonov (academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences). In general, the Yars rocket is an updated version of the Topol-M rocket. The tactical and technical description of this design is not disclosed. In the future, it is planned that it should replace the RS-20 and RS-18 ICBMs and, together with Topol-M, form the base of the strike brigade of the Strategic Missile Forces.
Story
Do you know that the Yars ballistic missile has a very interesting story? Let's study it now.
In 2007, on May 29, the first test launch of this weapon was made at the Plesetsk site. Targets were successfully hit at the Kura range.
The third test launch of a rocket with the same route as the previous ones was made in 2008 on November 26.
Completely different information was reported on the timing of the completion of official tests of the RS-24 Yars intercontinental missile: if the newspapers wrote about their completion in 2010, then the lead designer of the installation claimed that the tests ended in recent months 2009. Perhaps this is due to the unequal deadlines for the actual final of the government testing program and the deadlines for eliminating the comments identified during the testing process.
Deployment
The Yars missile was supplied by the Russian military-industrial complex in 2009. It was the first military battalion of mobile missile systems equipped with reentry vehicles. The fact of organizing the first calculation of the RS-24 was officially confirmed in July 2010 by V. A. Popovkin, Deputy Minister of Defense.
The second battalion in December 2010 began to carry out experimental combat service in the Ivanovo region (Teykovskaya missile division). So, the Yars intercontinental ballistic missile was in service with the first regiment, which took over the watch in 2011, on March 4, as part of two RS-24 battalions that have been on duty since 2010.
It is interesting that the first missile army, armed with the Yars PGRK, was fully equipped in the Teykovskaya missile unit in the summer of 2011 (three divisions, nine APUs). In 2011, on December 7, the second army began to carry out experimental combat service in the same battalion, which consisted of one missile battalion and a mobile regimental command post (PKP).
The second brigade of the same regiment began service in December 2011. As a result, by 2012, the total number of installed RS-24s reached 15 APUs with missiles. By September 2012, this unit was armed with mobile Yars. Total number APU RS-24 "Yars" was now equal to 18 (six divisions and two regiments).
At the end of 2012, the Yars rocket appeared at both Kozelsky and Novosibirsk missile formations (Kaluga region, mine version of the complex). In 2013, the missile regiments of the Tagil unit were completely re-equipped. The Irkutsk Missile Division also received new weapons.
The Yars intercontinental rocket was launched at night from the Plesetsk cosmodrome in 2013 from December 24 to 25. Testing went great. The warheads of the projectile hit targets in Kamchatka.
By the way, in the amount of 33 pieces of the Yars missile, with four warheads each, was in service with the Strategic Missile Forces by the beginning of 2014.
Further, in 2014, on April 14, at 10:40 Moscow time, a Yars rocket equipped with a reentry vehicle was launched from a maneuverable launcher located at the Plesetsk cosmodrome. This campaign was carried out with the aim of testing weapons manufactured in Votkinsk (control and serial testing). Then official sources reported that the tasks of the event were completed in full.
And on December 26, at 11:02 Moscow time, a ground-based mobile missile was launched from Plesetsk. The training projectile was able to hit targets at the Kamchatka Kura site.
Characteristics of "Yars"
And yet, what is the "Yars" (rocket)? Its characteristics are very interesting. This projectile is a three-stage solid propellant light-discharge ICBM. It was created at the turn of the century in cooperation with Russian enterprises.
The RS-24 Yars missile is not similar to its direct ancestor - the Topol-M RS-12M1 / RS-12M2 missile, which is an in-depth version of the RS-12M Topol: it has a more modern control system and warhead.
The Yars ballistic missile is equipped with a crushing leading part (MC) and personal guidance units (MIR). And Topol-M is equipped with a monoblock warhead (maneuvering and passive warheads have been tested). Perhaps by 2020, the RS-12M - RS-24 tandem will become the only light category ICBM in stationary and mobile basing options. This option is justified for economic reasons.
The last decades of the last century
In the last century, in the 80-90s, the Strategic Missile Forces were armed with five types of light-class ICBMs and their versions. These include solid propellant and liquid rockets.
It should be noted that the operating costs of standardized installations are much lower than the same indicator for a set of light ICBM models. But in some respects, the effectiveness of the latter is superior to Yars.
For example, the RS-18B liquid-propellant ICBM carries a more impressive MIRV compared to the RS-24. Its combat equipment is still being improved. The survivability of ICBMs is considered a separate topic, while the unpaved method is inferior to at least the railway one.
Taking into account the above facts, as well as the need to maintain parity for installed warheads and their carriers (according to strategic offensive arms agreements), since 2009, work has been underway to develop a domestic liquid-propellant ICBM of a heavy category instead of the RS-20B ("Voevoda"). In general, the question of returnable reserves and the selection of RS-22V ICBMs remains open for Russia.
It is interesting that a political link is attached to the performance indicators of ICBMs - a "race" of strategic arms, which is initiated by measures to protect against a nuclear attack - missile defense(PRO). In 2002, the United States terminated the 1972 ABM reduction treaty. This country is creating a new promising missile defense system, including its segments in Europe. The system has been implemented since 1991. The creation of America's national missile defense system was legally formalized; in 1999, the first testing of its elements was carried out.
"Yars"
We continue to find out further what constitutes "Yars" (rocket). Its characteristics deserve close attention. The adoption of this projectile in the context of America's buildup of missile defense systems became probable, since the START-1 agreement expired in 2009, which allowed the development of ICBMs only with a monoblock leading part.
And what was Russia's second asymmetric response to the US missile defense initiatives? Rocket "Yars" flight speed was very effective. In addition, its excellent stability when passing through the orders of the promising US missile defense system was striking. And she hasn't been influenced. damaging factors nuclear explosions (PFYaV).
Many experts claim that the Yars-M missile has excellent characteristics. So, the active area of the trajectory of this weapon is reduced. The instantaneous set of speed provides a more efficient mixed charge of sustainer engines of solid propellant of the rocket (RDTT). The projectile at the start can perform a program maneuver. It is necessary to penetrate the cloud of a nuclear explosion of an attacking missile.
Interestingly, the Yars, unlike the previous RS-12M, uses a guidance system that does not respond to powerful electromagnetic pulses. Generally the latest complexes countermeasures (CSP) missile defense systems significantly reduce the likelihood of capturing the leading department.
It should be noted that the KSP decoy targets cannot be distinguished from military units in the zone of electromagnetic phonation. With the help of them, it is possible to fake parameters for almost every selection feature on the extra-atmospheric, transitional, and impressive regions of the atmospheric segment of the descending branch of the leading part's trajectory.
Here, for the first time, fake targets are used that have super-resolution and are able to ignore the radar. The CSP means that distort the parameters of the head zone are created from a radar-absorbing shell, dynamic radio interference generators, aerosols that are sources of infrared radiation, and so on.
Description of functions
Well, perhaps many readers are convinced that the Yars-M missile has excellent characteristics? Let's continue a deeper study of this wonderful design! It is known that the layout of this weapon, in comparison with the RS-12M, has not changed. Its marching solid propellant rocket engines are equipped with a one-piece "cocoon" hull made of composite raw materials.
The speed of the Yars rocket is quite impressive. Unlike its ancestor, the Topol, the first stage of the tandem is not equipped with lattice aerodynamic stabilizers and rudders. The flight is controlled on the active site by a rotary, slightly recessed nozzle, designed on the basis of an elastic hinge, which deflects the engine thrust vector (at all stages).
Russian missiles "Yars" are equipped with nozzle blocks, which are made of carbon-carbon raw materials. The nozzle liners of this weapon are based on a reinforced three-dimensional oriented carbon-carbon matrix.
The rocket is equipped with an inertial control system. The complex of high-speed command instruments of the hydrostabilized platform (HSP) has improved accuracy parameters. The latest computer boron digital complex (OCVC) has increased performance and resistance to PFYAV.
By the way, for the RS-24 Yars intercontinental missile, aiming is ensured by the implementation of autonomous detection of the azimuth of the control link located on the GSP. This function is performed by the ground command instrumentation complex, which is located on the launch containers intended for transportation (TPK).
Rocket "Yars-M" has an overestimated, in comparison with prototypes, coefficient of useful application of fissile material. Historically, the leading compartment is the first in the Russian practice of creating weapons, which is installed on an ICBM without testing components and parts during nuclear explosions.
By analogy with the RS-12M, the use of RS-24, RS-12M1 (2) missiles for both mobile and stationary methods of basing occurs using TPK. The start in these two cases is mortar: powder pressure generators (PAD) are used in the process.
It should be noted that, due to the different operating conditions of stationary and mobile missiles, as well as the emergence of various rules for protection against PFYAV, global unification of missiles and TPK could not be achieved. It was necessary to create structurally heterogeneous means necessary to push the charge out of the TPK and the container. For example, for the mine version of the rocket, a pallet was used at launch, which protected the first stage solid propellant rocket motor from the increased pressure of the PAD gases. And for the mobile version, the pallet was not needed, since the pressure was much lower. Due to the features of the mine and weight restrictions, various structural materials of the TPK were used for the variant of the basing of the rocket.
The table below shows the most important parameters.
RS-12M1(2) | ||
Number of steps | ||
Maximum flight distance, km | ||
Maximum starting weight, t | ||
Active unit charge power, Mt | ||
Mass of the leading part, t | ||
Dimensions, m | ||
First level shell diameter, m | ||
Shell diameter of the second level, m | ||
Third level shell diameter, m | ||
The Yars missile boasts an initial warranty of fifteen years.
Tests
Have you figured out what the Yars is - a rocket? It was tested in 2014 on December 26 at the Plesetsk cosmodrome at 11:00 Moscow time. The successful launch was commented on by Colonel Igor Yegorov, authorized representative of the Press Service of the Russian Defense Ministry for the Rocket Forces.
He said that the Yars-24 missile was able to complete all the tasks: active blocks hit targets on the Kamchatka platform "Kura" with the specified accuracy.
Yegorov noted that the testing was to confirm the technical strength of the charges created in 2013-2014, as well as the operational and combat parameters of the complex itself.
ICBM
It is a surface-to-surface intercontinental ballistic missile that can travel 5,500 km. Charges of this type, as a rule, are equipped with combat nuclear units. They are used to destroy enemy strategically important objects located on distant continents.
Popularization
The first R-7 ballistic missile on the planet was successfully tested in the Soviet Union on August 21, 1957. It was accepted into service in 1960. The American SM-65 Atlas ICBM successfully passed the tests in 1958. She appeared in the army in 1959 (a year earlier than the R-70). Today, the ICBM is armed with the armies of Russia, Great Britain, the USA, China and France.
Israel follows the same policy on the issue of having this type of charge as it does on the issue of possession of nuclear weapons - it neither denies nor confirms its presence on its territory. In fact, this state derives a double benefit from the situation: to international agreement on control over the distribution of missile technologies does not join, but keeps neighboring countries in suspense regarding their own real capabilities.
North Korea, India and Pakistan are developing their own ICBMs.
South Africa, wanting to resist the Soviet bloc and Western countries, in the 1980s created the RSA-3 ICBM (with the support of Israel), but after the collapse of the apartheid regime, it did not adopt it.
World War II events
Interestingly, Nazi Germany was the first to start work on the creation of ICBMs. Wernher von Braun in the summer of 1942 supervised the launch of the America project, thanks to which the A9 / A10 rocket was to be created. Specialists have developed a two-stage liquid fuel charge weighing one hundred tons, capable of flying at a distance of up to 5000 km.
It is known that according to the current classification, A9 / A10 formally refers to medium-range charges. But it was developed as an intercontinental munition capable of hitting Technically A9 / A10, however, was not ballistic missile, as it was equipped with a winged upper stage, de facto appearing as a winged supersonic weapon.
Guidance of this charge at the beginning and middle of the flight was carried out with the help of radio beacons. They were sent to the target in advance and activated by the pilot at the right time, in the final. A man on such an important mission, shortly before the goal, left the small cabin on a parachute and landed on the surface of the Atlantic Ocean after he made a space suborbital flight.
Some sources report that tests were carried out as part of the creation of the A9 / A10 on January 8 and 24, 1945, but it did not have to be used in battle.
Other sources say that the work on the program never progressed beyond sketches (which is more plausible). Incidentally, the Germans underestimated the intricacy of supersonic gliding, which is probably why the A9/A10 system could never work.
After the defeat of Germany, America and the USSR removed from its territory a colossal amount of documentation, experts and material resources for rocket research.
Engines
And now let's pay a little attention to the engines. The first versions of ICBMs operated liquid rocket engines: they had to be refueled for a very long period of time before launch. Preparing the installation for flight took several hours, but maintenance was performed in a matter of minutes. For the use of cryogenic components (P-7), the instruments of the launch complex were very bulky.
All these nuances significantly limited the strategic value of this weapon. Today's ICBMs use engines that run either on solid fuel, or on liquid high-boiling raw materials with ampouled dressing.
The plant loads such weapons into transport and launch containers and delivers them to the customer. Thus, the missiles in storage are ready for launch during the entire service life. Liquid charges are delivered to the launch complex in an unfilled state. Fuel is pumped into them after the installation of the TPK with a charge in the launcher. Further, the weapon can be in a combat-ready state for many years. Preparation for the flight takes no more than a few minutes and is carried out remotely, via cables and radio channels, from a remote command post. Regular testing of launchers and missile systems is also carried out.
Interestingly, the current ICBMs, as a rule, do not have the means to boost the enemy's missile defense system. They can only consist of maneuvering warheads, means of setting radar jamming, decoys, and so on.
