Armament and military equipment

The purpose of the lesson: To acquaint students in general terms with the Strategic Missile Forces as an independent branch of the military,

its purpose, weapons and military equipment.

Time: 45 minutes

Lesson type: combined

Educational visual complex: OBZh textbook Grade 10

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Introductory part

* Organizing time

* Control of students' knowledge:

- What is the main purpose of the Navy?

- What types of forces are part of the Russian Navy?

- What are the main tasks of the submarine forces of the Russian Navy?

- What famous landing operations were carried out by the forces of the Marine Corps during the Great

Patriotic War of 1941-1945?

Main part

- announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson

- explanation of new material : § 37 pp. 186-189.

1. Purpose, tasks and composition of the Strategic Missile Forces

Strategic Missile Forces - an independent branch of the military, designed to implement nuclear deterrence measures and destroy strategic targets that form the basis of the military and military-economic potential of the enemy.

Nuclear deterrence remains a key element in the field of national security. The Strategic Missile Forces are the main component of all our strategic nuclear forces. They are of particular importance for the security of the country. The Strategic Missile Forces account for 60% of warheads. They are entrusted with 90% of the tasks of nuclear deterrence.

A significant increase in the combat capabilities of the Strategic Missile Forces was given by the integration of the Strategic Missile Forces proper, the Military Space Forces and the Space Missile Defense Forces, which was carried out in 1997. This is not just a mechanical union of the branch of the Armed Forces and the two branches of the armed forces. Integration ensured a clear increase in the effectiveness of combat operations of the combined Strategic Missile Forces.

As a result of the reorganization carried out, the space sector acquires a single person responsible for organizing the use of means in space.

Integration has improved combat capabilities, optimized the structure, development systems and orders for weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces as a whole.

The Strategic Missile Forces are controlled by the TsKP, which represents an underground city with its own life support systems. Everyone is on duty in the Strategic Missile Forces - from the private to the commander in chief. Combat duty is the highest form of maintaining the combat readiness of the troops and weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces.

information on " nuclear suitcase”, which is located at the head of state, is issued by the missile and space defense, which is an integral part of the Strategic Missile Forces. It will detect the launch of ballistic missiles, calculate the trajectory of their flight and the area of ​​impact. The command for a return launch is duplicated by wire, radio, through space. There are other ways to bring orders to the troops. The probability is provided full.

Organizationally, the Strategic Missile Forces consist of missile armies and divisions, a training ground, military educational institutions, enterprises and institutions.

1. Armament and military equipment of the Strategic Missile Forces

Modern Strategic Missile Forces embodied the achievements of advanced design and engineering. In many respects, domestic missile systems, systems combat control troops and nuclear missile weapons are unique and have no analogues in the world.

The basis of the weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces are mobile (for example, the Topol mobile ground-based missile system) and stationary missile systems. The overwhelming majority of their missiles are liquid-propellant, equipped with multiple warheads.

In the Strategic Missile Forces, as well as in the naval nuclear component, a course has been taken to leave one type of missile each, which maximally satisfies all prospective requirements. Previously, the missile forces had 11 types of missiles.

Now in service there is a Topol-M missile system - a weapon of the 21st century. Groupings of Topol-M missile systems, together with complexes of Russia's naval and aviation nuclear forces, should ensure a stable nuclear balance and strategic stability at the beginning of this millennium under any forecasted scenarios for the development of the military-political situation.

Conclusion:

1) Strategic Missile Forces are the basis of the combat power of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

2) The Strategic Missile Forces have the ability to widely maneuver nuclear missile strikes.

3) The Strategic Missile Forces are capable of simultaneously attacking many strategic targets.

4) The combat use of the Strategic Missile Forces does not depend on weather conditions, time of year and day.

The second half of the twentieth century can be safely called the "rocket era". Mankind has been using missiles for quite a long time, but only in the middle of the last century, the development of technology allowed them to be used effectively, including as tactical and strategic weapons.

Today, rockets deliver astronauts into orbit, launch satellites into space, with their help we study distant planets, but rocket technologies have found much wider application in military affairs. It can be said that the advent of effective missiles has completely changed the tactics of warfare both on land and in the air and at sea.

The Russian army is armed only with ballistic missiles. The Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include the Missile Forces and Artillery (RV&A), which are the main means of fire destruction of the enemy during combined arms operations. The R&A are armed with multiple launch rocket systems (including high-power ones), operational and tactical missile systems, the missiles of which can be equipped with a nuclear warhead, as well as a wide range of cannon artillery.

"Land" missilemen have their own professional holiday - November 19 is the Day of Russian Missile Forces and Artillery.

History of creation

Man began to launch rockets into the sky a very long time ago, almost immediately after the invention of gunpowder. There is information about the use of rockets for salutes and fireworks in ancient China (from about the 3rd century BC). They tried to use rockets in military affairs - but due to their imperfection, they did not achieve much success at that time. Many prominent minds of the East and West were engaged in missiles, but they were more of an exotic curiosity than an effective means of defeating the enemy.

In the 19th century, Congreve rockets were adopted by the British army, which were used for several decades. However, the accuracy of these missiles left much to be desired, so in the end they were supplanted by cannon artillery.

Interest in the development of rocket technology woke up again after the end of the First World War. Design teams in many countries were engaged in practical work in the field of jet propulsion. And the results were not long in coming. Before the start of World War II, the BM-13 multiple launch rocket launcher was created in the USSR - the famous Katyusha, which later became one of the symbols of Victory.

In Germany, the development of new rocket engines was carried out by the brilliant designer Wernher von Braun, the creator of the first V-2 ballistic missile and the "father" of the American Apollo project.

During the war, several more models of effective missile weapons appeared: a rocket-propelled grenade launcher (German Faustpatron and American Bazooka), the first anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missiles, V-1 cruise missile.

After the invention of nuclear weapons, the significance rocket technology increased many times: missiles became the main carrier of nuclear charges. And if initially the United States for inflicting nuclear strikes on Soviet territory could use strategic aviation stationed at air bases in Europe, Turkey and Japan, then the Soviet Union, in the event of a conflict, could only rely on its strategic missiles.

The first Soviet ballistic missiles were created on the basis of captured German technologies, they had a relatively short flight range and could only perform operational tasks.

The first Soviet ICBM (range 8,000 km) was the R-7 of the famous S. Korolev. It first started in 1957. With the help of the R-7, the first artificial Earth satellite was launched into orbit. In December of the same year, units with long-range ballistic missiles were separated into a separate branch of the armed forces, and brigades armed with tactical and operational-tactical missiles became part of the Ground Forces.

In the 1960s, work on the creation of new types of artillery and missile systems for the Ground Forces was somewhat slowed down, since it was believed that in the global nuclear war they will be of little use. In 1963, the operation of the new MLRS BM-21 "Grad" began, which is in service with the RF Armed Forces today.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the USSR began to deploy second-generation ICBMs, which were launched from highly protected launch silos. By the beginning of the 1970s, at the cost of incredible efforts, nuclear parity with the Americans was achieved. During the same period, the first mobile launchers of ICBMs were created.

At the end of the 60s, the development of several self-propelled artillery systems at once began in the USSR, which later made up the so-called "flower" series: self-propelled guns "Acacia", "Carnation" and "Peony". They are in service with the Russian army today.

In the early 1970s, an agreement was signed between the USSR and the USA on limiting the number of nuclear charges. After the signing of this document, the Soviet Union significantly outnumbered the United States in terms of the number of missiles and warheads, but the Americans had more advanced technologies, their missiles were more powerful and accurate.

In the 1970s and 1980s, the Strategic Missile Forces received third-generation ICBMs with multiple warheads, and the accuracy of missiles also increased significantly. In 1975, the famous Satan was put into service - the R-36M missile, which for a long time was the main striking force of the Soviet Strategic Missile Forces, and then the missile forces of the Russian Federation. In the same year, the Tochka tactical missile system was adopted by the Ground Forces.

At the end of the 80s, mobile and stationary complexes of the fourth generation (Topol, RS-22, RS-20V) entered service with the missile forces, a new system management. In 1987, the Smerch MLRS was adopted by the Ground Forces, which for many years was considered the most powerful in the world.

After the collapse of the USSR, all ICBMs from the former Soviet republics were taken to the territory of Russia, and the launch silos were destroyed. In 1996, the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation began to receive fifth-generation ICBMs ("") of stationary basing. In 2009-2010, regiments armed with the new Topol-M mobile complex are introduced into the Strategic Missile Forces.

Today, the replacement of obsolete ICBMs with more modern Topol-M and Yars systems continues, and the development of the Sarmat heavy liquid rocket continues.

In 2010, the US and Russia signed another agreement regarding the number of nuclear warheads and their carriers - SALT-3. According to this document, each country can have no more than 1,550 nuclear warheads and 770 carriers for them. Carriers mean not only ICBMs, but also missile-carrying submarines and strategic aircraft.

Apparently, this treaty does not prohibit the manufacture of missiles with multiple warheads, but at the same time it does not limit the creation of new elements of the missile defense system, which is currently being actively pursued by the United States.

Structure, composition and armament of the Strategic Missile Forces

Today, the Strategic Missile Forces include three armies: the 31st (Orenburg), 27th Guards (Vladimir) and 33rd Guards (Omsk), consisting of twelve missile divisions, as well as the Central Command Post and the Main Headquarters of the Missile Forces.

In addition to military units, the Strategic Missile Forces include several training grounds (Kapustin Yar, Sary-Shagan, Kamchatka), two educational institutions (an academy in Balashikha and an institute in Serpukhov), production facilities and bases for storing and repairing equipment.

Currently, the Strategic Missile Forces of the RF Armed Forces are armed with 305 missile systems of five different types:

• UR-100NUTTH - 60 (320 warheads);
• R-36M2 (and its modifications) - 46 (460 warheads);
• "Topol" - 72 (72 warheads);
• "Topol-M" (including mine and mobile versions) - 78 (78 warheads);
• "Yars" - 49 (196 warheads).

In total, the above complexes can carry 1166 nuclear charges.

The Central Command Post (CKP) of the Strategic Missile Forces is located in the village of Vlasikha (Moscow region), it is located in a bunker at a depth of 30 meters. In it, continuous combat duty is carried out by four interchangeable shifts. The communications equipment of the TsKP makes it possible to maintain continuous communication with all other posts of the missile forces and military units, receive information from them and respond to it in a timely manner.

The Russian strategic nuclear forces use the Kazbek automated combat control system, its portable terminal - the so-called "black suitcase", which is constantly with the President of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Defense and the Chief of the General Staff have similar "suitcases". Currently, work is underway to modernize the ASBU, the new fifth-generation system will make it possible to quickly retarget ICBMs, as well as bring orders directly to each launcher.

The Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation are equipped with a unique Perimeter system, which in the West is nicknamed the "Dead Hand". It allows you to strike back at the aggressor, even if all control links of the Strategic Missile Forces are destroyed.

Currently, the Strategic Missile Forces are being re-equipped with new Yars missiles with multiple warheads. Tests of a more advanced modification of the Yars, the R-26 Rubezh, have been completed. Work is underway to create a new heavy missile "Sarmat", which should replace the outdated Soviet "Voevoda".

The development of the new Barguzin railway missile system continues, but the timing of its testing is constantly being postponed.

Missile Forces and Artillery (RViA)

The MFA is one of the military branches in the Ground Forces. In addition to the NE, the R&A is part of other structures: coastal troops Russian Navy, Airborne Troops, Border and Internal Troops of the Russian Federation.

The R&A consists of artillery, rocket and rocket brigades, rocket artillery regiments, high-capacity divisions, as well as units that are part of the brigades of the Ground Forces.

The MFA has a wide range of weapons at its disposal, which allows it to effectively carry out the tasks facing this branch of the military. Although most of these missile and artillery systems were developed back in the Soviet Union, modern systems created in last years.

Currently, the Russian army is armed with 48 Tochka-U tactical missile systems, as well as 108 Iskander OTRK. Both missiles can carry a nuclear warhead.

Barrel self-propelled artillery is represented mainly by samples created back in the Soviet period: self-propelled guns "Gvozdika" (150 units), self-propelled guns "Acacia" (about 800 units), self-propelled guns "Gyacinth-S" (about 100 pieces), self-propelled guns "Pion" (more 300 units, most of them in storage). Also worth mentioning is the 152-mm self-propelled guns "

The RV&A is armed with the following types of towed cannon artillery: the Nona-K cannon-howitzer-mortar (100 units), the D-30A howitzer (more than 4,500 pieces, most of them in storage), the Msta- B "(150 units). To combat enemy armored vehicles, the MFA is armed with more than 500 anti-tank guns MT-12 "Rapier".

Multiple launch rocket systems are represented by BM-21 Grad (550 vehicles), BM-27 Uragan (about 200 units) and MLRS BM-30 Smerch (100 units). In recent years, the BM-21 and BM-30 have been modernized, based on them, the Tornado-G and Tornado-S MLRS were created. The improved "Grad" has already begun to enter the troops (about 20 vehicles), "Tornado-S" is still being tested. Work is also underway to modernize the Uragan MLRS.

The MFA is armed with a large number of mortars of various types and calibers: the Vasilek automatic mortar, the 82-mm Tradnos mortar (800 units), the Sani mortar complex (700 units), the Tyulpan self-propelled mortar (430 units .).

The further development of the MFA will proceed through the creation of integral circuits, which will include reconnaissance means that allow finding and hitting targets in real time ("network-centric warfare"). Currently, much attention is paid to the development of new types of precision-guided munitions, increasing the firing range, and increasing its automation.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

Rockets as a weapon were known to many nations and were created in different countries. It is believed that they appeared even before the barrel firearm. Thus, the outstanding Russian general and also the scientist K. I. Konstantinov wrote that simultaneously with the invention of artillery, rockets also came into use. They were used wherever gunpowder was used. And since they began to be used for military purposes, it means that special missile troops were also created for this. This article is devoted to the emergence and development of the mentioned type of weapons, from fireworks to space flights.

How it all began

According to official history, gunpowder was invented in China around the 11th century AD. However, the naive Chinese did not come up with anything better than using it to stuff fireworks. And now, after several centuries, “enlightened” Europeans created more powerful gunpowder recipes and immediately found a chic application for it: firearms, bombs, etc. Well, let's leave this statement to the conscience of historians. You and I were not in Ancient China, so it’s not worth arguing anything. And what do written sources say about the first use of rockets in the army?

The charter of the Russian army (1607-1621) as documentary evidence

The fact that in Russia and Europe the military had information about the manufacture, arrangement, storage and use of signal, incendiary and fireworks rockets, tells us the "Charter of military, cannon and other matters that relate to military science." It is composed of 663 articles and decrees selected from foreign military literature. That is, this document confirms the existence of missiles in the armies of Europe and Russia, but nowhere is there any mention of their use directly in any battles. And yet, we can conclude that they were used, since they fell into the hands of the military.

Oh, this thorny path...

Despite the lack of understanding and fear of all new military officials, the Russian missile forces still became one of the leading branches of the military. modern army hard to imagine without rocket men. However, the path of their formation was very difficult.

Officially, signal (illumination) rockets were first adopted by the Russian army in 1717. Almost a hundred years later, in 1814-1817, the military scientist A. I. Kartmazov sought recognition from officials for military high-explosive and incendiary rockets (2-, 2.5- and 3.6-inch) of his own manufacture. They had a flight range of 1.5-3 km. They were never accepted into service.

In 1815-1817. Russian artilleryman A. D. Zasyadko also invents similar live ammunition, and military officials also do not allow them to pass. The next attempt was made in 1823-1825. After going through many offices of the military ministry, the idea was finally approved, and the first combat missiles(2-, 2.5-, 3- and 4-inch). The flight range was 1-2.7 km.

This turbulent 19th century

In 1826, the mass production of the mentioned weapons begins. For this purpose, the first rocket facility is being created in St. Petersburg. In April next year the first rocket company is formed (in 1831 it was renamed the battery). This combat unit was intended for joint operations with cavalry and infantry. It is from this event that the official history of the missile forces of our country begins.

Baptism of fire

For the first time, Russian rocket troops were used in August 1827 in the Caucasus during the Russian-Iranian war (1826-1828). Already a year later, during the war with Turkey, they were given command during the siege of the fortress of Varna. So, in the campaign of 1828, 1191 rockets were fired, of which 380 were incendiary and 811 high-explosive. Since then, missile troops have played a major role in any military battles.

Military engineer K. A. Schilder

This talented person in 1834 developed a design that brought rocket weapons to a new stage of development. His device was intended for underground launch of rockets, it had an inclined tubular guide. However, Schilder did not stop there. He developed rockets with enhanced high-explosive action. In addition, he was the first in the world to use electric igniters to ignite solid fuel. In the same year, 1834, Schilder designed and even tested the world's first rocket-carrying ferry and submarine. He installed installations for launching missiles from the surface and underwater positions on the watercraft. As you can see, the first half of the 19th century is characterized by the creation and widespread use of this type of weapon.

Lieutenant General K. I. Konstantinov

In 1840-1860. a huge contribution to the development of rocket weapons, as well as the theory of their combat use, was made by a representative of the Russian artillery school, inventor and scientist K. I. Konstantinov. With his scientific work, he made a revolution in rocket science, thanks to which Russian technology took a leading place in the world. He developed the basics of experimental dynamics, scientific methods for designing this type of weapon. A number of devices and devices for determining ballistic characteristics have been created. The scientist acted as an innovator in the field of manufacturing rockets, set up mass production. He made a huge contribution to the safety of the technological process of manufacturing weapons.

Konstantinov developed more powerful missiles and launchers for them. As a result, the maximum flight range was 5.3 km. Launchers became more portable, convenient and perfect, they provided high accuracy and rate of fire, especially in mountainous areas. In 1856, according to the project of Konstantinov, a rocket factory was built in Nikolaev.

Moor did his job

In the 19th century, rocket troops and artillery made a grand breakthrough in their development and distribution. So, combat missiles were put into service in all military districts. There was not a single warship and naval base where missile troops were not used. They were directly involved in field battles, and during the siege and assault of fortresses, etc. However, by the end of the 19th century, rocket armament began to be much inferior to progressive barrel artillery, especially after the appearance of long-range rifled guns. And then came 1890. It was the end for the missile forces: this type of weapon was discontinued in all countries of the world.

Jet Propulsion: Like a Phoenix...

Despite the refusal of the army from the missile forces, scientists continued their work on this type of weapon. So, M. M. Pomortsev proposed new solutions for increasing the flight range, as well as firing accuracy. I. V. Volovsky developed rockets of a rotating type, multi-barreled aircraft and ground launchers. N. V. Gerasimov designed combat anti-aircraft solid fuel counterparts.

The main obstacle to the development of such a technique was the lack of a theoretical basis. To solve this problem, a group of Russian scientists at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century carried out titanic work and made a significant contribution to the theory of jet propulsion. However, K. E. Tsiolkovsky became the founder of the unified theory of rocket dynamics and astronautics. This outstanding scientist from 1883 to last days of his life worked on solving problems in rocket science and space flight. He solved the main questions of the theory of jet propulsion.

The selfless work of many Russian scientists gave a new impetus to the development of this type of weapon, and, consequently, new life this branch of the military. Even today in our country rocket and space troops are associated with the names of prominent figures - Tsiolkovsky and Korolev.

After the revolution, work on rocket weapons was not stopped, and in 1933 the Jet Research Institute was even created in Moscow. In it, Soviet scientists designed ballistic and experimental cruise missiles and rocket gliders. In addition, significantly improved rockets and launchers for them have been created. This also includes the BM-13 Katyusha combat vehicle, which later became legendary. A number of discoveries were made at the RNII. A set of projects for units, devices and systems, which subsequently received application in rocket technology, is proposed.

The Great Patriotic War

"Katyusha" became the world's first multiple launch rocket system. And most importantly, the creation of this machine contributed to the resumption of special missile forces. The BM-13 combat vehicle was put into service. The difficult situation that developed in 1941 required the rapid introduction of new missile weapons. The restructuring of industry was carried out in the shortest possible time. And already in August, 214 factories were involved in the production of this type of weapon. As we said above, rocket troops were re-created as part of the Armed Forces, but during the war they were called guards mortar units, and later to this day - rocket artillery.

Fighting vehicle BM-13 "Katyusha"

The first HMCs were divided into batteries and divisions. Yes, the first missile battery, which consisted of 7 experimental installations and a small number of shells, under the command of Captain Flerov, was formed within three days and sent to the Western Front on July 2. And already on July 14, the Katyushas fired their first combat salvo at the Orsha railway station (the BM-13 combat vehicle is shown in the photo).

In their debut, they delivered a powerful fire strike simultaneously with 112 shells. As a result, a glow blazed over the station: ammunition was exploding, trains were burning. destroyed both enemy manpower and military equipment. The combat effectiveness of missile weapons exceeded all expectations. During the years of the Second World War, there was a significant leap in the development of jet technology, which led to a significant spread of HMC. By the end of the war, the missile troops consisted of 40 separate divisions, 115 regiments, 40 separate brigades and 7 divisions - a total of 519 divisions.

If you want peace, prepare for war

In the post-war period, rocket artillery continued to develop - the range, accuracy of fire and the power of a volley increased. The Soviet military complex created entire generations of 40-barreled 122-mm MLRS "Grad" and "Prima", 16-barreled 220-mm MLRS "Uragan", ensuring the destruction of targets at a distance of 35 km. In 1987, a 12-barreled 300-millimeter long-range MLRS "Smerch" was developed, which to this day has no analogues in the world. The range of hitting the target in this installation is 70 km. In addition, received and anti-tank systems.

New types of weapons

In the 50s of the last century, the missile forces were divided into various directions. But rocket artillery has retained its positions to this day. New types were created - these are anti-aircraft missile troops and strategic troops. These units are firmly established on land, at sea, under water and in the air. Thus, the anti-aircraft missile forces are represented in the air defense as a separate branch of the military, but similar units exist in the navy. With the creation of nuclear weapons, the main question arose: how to deliver the charge to its destination? In the USSR, a choice was made in favor of missiles, as a result, strategic missile troops appeared.

Stages of development of the Strategic Missile Forces

1. 1959-1965 - Creation, deployment, putting on combat duty intercontinental capable of solving tasks of a strategic nature in various military-geographical regions. In 1962, they took part in the Anadyr military operation, as a result of which missiles were secretly placed in Cuba medium range.
2. 1965-1973 - Deployment of second-generation ICBMs. The transformation of the Strategic Missile Forces into the main component of the nuclear forces of the USSR.
3. 1973-1985 - equipping the Strategic Missile Forces with third-generation missiles with multiple warheads with individual targeting units.
4. 1985-1991 - the elimination of medium-range missiles and the arming of the Strategic Missile Forces with fourth-generation complexes.
5. 1992-1995 - the withdrawal of ICBMs from Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan. The Russian Strategic Rocket Forces have been formed.
6. 1996-2000 - the introduction of fifth-generation Topol-M missiles. Consolidation of the Military Space Forces, the Strategic Missile Forces and the Rocket and Space Defense Troops.
7. 2001 - The Strategic Missile Forces were transformed into 2 types of the Armed Forces - the Strategic Missile Forces and the Space Forces.

Conclusion

The process of development and formation of the missile forces is rather heterogeneous. It has its ups and downs, and even the complete elimination of "rocketeers" in the armies of the whole world at the end of the 19th century. However, rockets, like a Phoenix bird, rise from the ashes during World War II and are firmly established in the military complex.

And despite the fact that over the past 70 years, the missile forces have undergone significant changes in organizational structure, forms, methods of their combat use, they always retain a role that can be described in just a few words: to be a deterrent against the unleashing of aggression against our country. In Russia, November 19 is considered the professional day of rocket troops and artillery. This Day was approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 549 dated May 31, 2006. On the right in the photo is the emblem of the Russian missile forces.

Checking the availability of personnel, their readiness to conduct public and state training.

During the main part, I bring to the attention of the personnel the main issues of public and state training.

1 question The history of the creation and development of the Strategic Missile Forces.

The Strategic Missile Forces were not created from scratch. Their foundation was laid back in the postwar years, when, in order to eliminate the atomic monopoly and the geographical inaccessibility of the United States, the Soviet Union was forced to speed up the creation of its own nuclear and missile weapons.

Without military experience in economic mobilization, experience in radical restructuring of entire industries National economy, up to the capital construction of many large-scale facilities, it is difficult to imagine how long the process of creating nuclear missile weapons and mass equipping the Armed Forces with them would be. It can be said with certainty that domestic rocket science achieved its post-war rise largely due to the correct generalization and skillful use of the experience of the Great Patriotic War.

The memory of the heavy losses of our country in the Great Patriotic War, incurred due to the unpreparedness of the Armed Forces for it, put forward the priority task, supported by all the people, to create nuclear missile weapons. Only this ensured the defense of the country at a level that excluded the possibility of unleashing a new war against us.

Exactly one year after the Great Victory, in accordance with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated May 13, 1946 No. 1017-419 "Issues of jet weapons", cooperation between the leading ministries of industry was determined, research and experimental work began, and Ad hoc committee on jet technology at the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In the shortest possible time, the construction of training grounds, the deployment of universities and research institutes, tasks for ministries and departments were started, the first missile unit was formed under the command of Major General Alexander Fedorovich Tveretsky.

(slide number 3)

Outstanding scientific and theoretical achievements of domestic scientists and designers were the development and successful testing in 1949 of a nuclear charge, and in 1957 - the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. These achievements were the result of the hard work of teams headed by Igor Vasilievich Kurchatov, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, Yuli Borisovich Khariton, Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel and other founders of the creation of domestic nuclear missile weapons.

Already in the 40-50s of the last century, the foundations were laid for solving scientific problems in the field of missile ballistics, improving nuclear charges, fuels and materials, control systems, and principles for operating weapons. This stage played a crucial role in the history of the development of the Strategic Missile Forces. He prepared the basis for their creation as an independent branch of the Armed Forces.

The historical regularity of the development of the country's nuclear forces led in 1959 to the need to structurally formalize their main component - ground-based forces - into an independent branch of the Armed Forces. Since that moment, the Strategic Missile Forces have gone through several stages of their development.

The formation of the Strategic Missile Forces

Stage 1959-1965 characterized by the formation of the Strategic Missile Forces as a branch of the Armed Forces. At that time, a large-scale deployment of missile units and formations equipped with medium-range missiles and intercontinental missiles was carried out, capable of solving strategic tasks in remote geographical areas and in any theater of military operations.

Hero was appointed as the first Commander-in-Chief of the Rocket Forces Soviet Union Chief Marshal of Artillery Mitrofan Ivanovich Nedelin. Having vast experience in wars, having passed all command positions up to the Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR for special weapons and jet technology, he made a great contribution to the creation of the Strategic Missile Forces, the development, testing and adoption of nuclear missile weapons.

(slide number 4)

During the next such test of a new intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) R-16, which exploded at the launch site of the Baikonur Cosmodrome on October 24, 1960, Chief Marshal of Artillery M.I. Nedelin died tragically.

By the mid-1960s, a network of military educational institutions for the training of missile officers was created, training of personnel of units and subunits was organized, systems of combat duty, centralized combat command and control of troops and weapons were developed and implemented.

During the formation of the Rocket Forces, well-trained generals and officers with rich combat and life experience were sent to them. It was the veterans of the Great Patriotic War who stood at the origins of the creation of the Strategic Missile Forces. Their front-line experience made it possible in a short time to create the fundamental basis of a new, most powerful and formidable branch of the Armed Forces in modern history. The main headquarters of the Strategic Missile Forces, missile armies and corps were headed by generals who went through the Great Patriotic War, the vast majority of commanders of missile divisions, brigades, regiments and divisions, commanders of special forces units were also participants in the Great Patriotic War. A particularly difficult role in the development of nuclear missile weapons, the creation of unique launch complexes, the equipping of troops and putting them on combat duty fell to the heads of missile ranges and division commanders of the first generation.

The first missile units were formed on the basis of the famous units and formations of the Soviet Army, which had front-line experience. About 70 missile formations and units inherited combat banners, honorary titles and high state awards that marked the heroism and valor of Soviet soldiers in the battles of the Great Patriotic War. 39 missile formations and units received the names of guards by succession. Among them: the Berislav-Khingan Guards twice Red Banner Order of Suvorov Missile Army in Omsk, the Gomel Guards Order of Lenin, the Red Banner Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky Missile Division in Gvardeysk, Kaliningrad Region, the Svir Guards Red Banner Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov and Alexander Nevsky Missile Division in Postavy , Guards Red Banner Orders of Kutuzov and Alexander Nevsky Missile Division in Barnaul and many others.

As a result of the hard work of rocket scientists, industry and military builders, by 1965, groups armed with R-5, R-12, R-14 medium-range missiles and R-7, R-16, R-9A intercontinental missiles were put on combat duty. with ground and mine launchers developed in the design bureaus of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev and Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel. Design bureaus headed by Valentin Petrovich Glushko, Vladimir Pavlovich Barmin, Viktor Ivanovich Kuznetsov, Semyon Arievich Kosberg, Evgeny Georgievich Rudyak, Boris Mikhailovich Konoplev and Vladimir Grigorievich Sergeev were involved in the development of rocket engines and systems, as well as ground and mine launch positions.

(slide number 5)

The Strategic Rocket Forces became the cradle of Russian cosmonautics. Based on the R-7 and R-7A rockets, the best spacecraft launch vehicles for their time were created. On October 4, 1957, the whole world witnessed the successful launch in the Soviet Union of the world's first artificial Earth satellite. Rocketry has become an independent branch of industry.

The USSR, catching up with the United States in atomic weapons, nevertheless, was the first to create and test a hydrogen bomb, the first to create intercontinental ballistic missiles, Earth satellites, long-term orbital stations and much more.

The formation of a new type of Armed Forces continued under the leadership of the famous military leaders of the Great Patriotic War - the Marshals of the Soviet Union: twice Hero of the Soviet Union Kirill Semenovich Moskalenko, Hero of the Soviet Union Sergei Semenovich Biryuzov,

(slide number 6)

In 1962, just 2.5 years after the formation of the Rocket Forces, it fell to their lot to solve the difficult and responsible task of preventing the American invasion of Cuba. The main contribution to the resolution of the Caribbean crisis was made by the Strategic Missile Forces and rocket men - participants in the Anadyr operation. The command of the Group of Soviet Forces in Cuba from the Strategic Missile Forces included Lieutenant General Pavel Borisovich Dankevich, Pavel Vasilyevich Akindinov, Major General Leonid Stefanovich Garbuz. The direct command of the Strategic Missile Forces formation in Cuba was carried out by Major General Igor Demyanovich Statsenko.

(slide number 7)

The Cuban Missile Crisis was the most dangerous in all the years" cold war". There was a real possibility of it developing into a major war, up to a nuclear one. Fortunately, both sides had the sense to prevent a nuclear catastrophe. This was the first peaceful victory of the new, recently created branch of the Armed Forces, the first experience of nuclear deterrence from unleashing a war, which confirmed the correctness of the decisions taken to create the Rocket Forces.

Achieving parity between the USSR and the USA

In the 1960s, the United States made a new breakthrough in building up its strategic offensive forces through the large-scale deployment of Minuteman intercontinental ballistic missiles, bringing their number to 1,000 units. At that time, the Soviet Union was more than five times inferior to the United States in terms of the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles.

There was a need to create new types of missiles with improved performance. And such rockets with single launches (OS) of the R-36, UR-100, RT-2 types were created in design bureaus headed by Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel, Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomey, Sergey Pavlovich Korolev. These second-generation missiles were distinguished by high combat readiness, accuracy of hitting the target, survivability, reduction in the number of personnel and were practically not inferior in terms of the main tactical and technical characteristics of the Minuteman missiles.

The deployment of a large group of missile systems (RK) of the OS required the formation and arrangement in a short time of new missile formations in the uninhabited regions of the Urals, Siberia and Kazakhstan, the rearmament, and then the complete re-equipment of divisions previously put on combat duty. This major task was solved by the Rocket Forces under the leadership of Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal of the Soviet Union Nikolai Ivanovich Krylov.

(slide number 8)

The following official comparative data eloquently testify to the enormous amount of work, the expenditure of material, financial and human resources in the first two years of construction of missile systems with UR-100 and R-36 missiles. The cost of building launch sites for these missiles was commensurate with the cost of building the Kuibyshev and Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power stations combined.

At the cost of the enormous efforts of the entire country, in the early 1970s, a powerful grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces was deployed, which was not inferior in terms of numbers and combat characteristics to the US intercontinental ballistic missiles. The Strategic Missile Forces became the main component of the country's Strategic Nuclear Forces. For the first time in many years, it was possible to achieve an approximate military-strategic parity between the USSR and the USA, which has been maintained to this day.

(slide number 9)

In the 1970s, the United States made an attempt to upset the existing balance of strategic forces. They equipped their missiles with MIRVs, which more than doubled the total number of warheads on American ballistic missiles between 1970 and 1975.

In response to this, on our part, new third-generation missile systems with UR-100N and R-36M missiles were created and deployed. They were developed in the design bureaus of Vladimir Nikolaevich Chelo-mey and Vladimir Fedorovich Utkin. A fundamentally new development was the medium-range mobile missile system RSD-10, created under the leadership of Alexander Davidovich Nadiradze.

A special role in the successful solution of the tasks of re-equipping the Strategic Missile Forces with new missile systems belonged to the Hero of Socialist Labor, Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces, Chief Marshal of Artillery Vladimir Fedorovich Tolubko. Under his leadership, scientifically based principles for the combat use of missile formations and units in the operation of the Strategic Missile Forces were developed.

The grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces, deployed by the mid-1970s, was not inferior in terms of numbers and combat characteristics to the US strategic offensive forces. Largely due to the capabilities of the Strategic Missile Forces, for the first time in many years, it was possible to achieve military-strategic parity between the USSR and the USA, which has been maintained to this day. A negotiation process was initiated on the issues of limitation and reduction of strategic arms.

In the early 1980s, the United States once again increased its nuclear potential. This time through the deployment of new ground-based MX and sea-based Trident missile systems. These missile systems are significantly superior in combat effectiveness to the Minuteman-3 and Poseidon-C3 missiles. In addition, the "strategic defense initiative" proclaimed by US President Ronald Reagan is becoming the strongest destabilizing factor. It envisaged not only the deployment of anti-missile and anti-satellite weapons in space, but also platforms with nuclear weapons.

And again, retaliatory measures had to be taken. Fourth-generation mobile and stationary missile systems with R-36M2 "Voevoda" and "Topol" missiles are being introduced into the combat strength of the Strategic Missile Forces. Mobile ground missile system "Topol", created in the design bureau under the leadership of A.D. Nadiradze and B.N. Lagutin, as well as the combat railway missile system and the "heavy" missile "Voevoda", created in the design bureau headed by V.F. Utkin, had no analogues in the world practice of rocket science.

During this period, the Rocket Forces were headed by the Hero of the Soviet Union, General of the Army Yuri Pavlovich Maksimov, a participant in the Great Patriotic War and military operations in Afghanistan. He made a great contribution to the development of a group of mobile missile systems, the development of principles for their combat use, as well as to maintaining the combat readiness of the Strategic Missile Forces in the context of the implementation of the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles.

The introduction of fourth-generation missile systems into the Strategic Missile Forces was associated with the solution of a number of non-traditional tasks, such as the development of principles for the combat use of new mobile railway and ground combat missile systems, the arrangement of combat patrol routes, the organization of combat control and combat duty on the move and at field launch positions.

The achieved balance of nuclear forces, technological and scientific parity in rocket science, changes in the military-political situation in the late 1980s and early 1990s made it possible to rethink and evaluate the futility of the arms race, to go for mutual reductions in nuclear weapons. This was a historical milestone in the social development of the 20th century, and the role of the Strategic Missile Forces in achieving it is paramount.

(slide number 10)

Strategic Missile Forces – guaranteesecurity of the Fatherland

In 1992, an important event took place in the life of the Armed Forces and the Strategic Missile Forces - the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were formed and, as part of them, the Strategic Missile Forces. Their first commander in chief was Colonel General Sergeev Igor Dmitrievich, a professional rocket man who later became Minister of Defense Russian Federation, Hero of the Russian Federation and its first marshal.

During this period, the process of eliminating nuclear missile weapons in the territories of Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan took place, which ended in 1996. But the main thing is that work was launched on the creation of the Topol-M missile system with the participation of exclusively Russian cooperation. The preservation of the nuclear potential of the Strategic Missile Forces allowed Russia, as the legal successor of the USSR, to secure the status of a nuclear power, thereby ensuring, without any exaggeration, both European and global stability in the world.

Important events in the history of modern Russian Strategic Missile Forces took place in 1997. Then, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Strategic Missile Forces, the Military Space Forces and the troops of the Rocket and Space Defense were merged into a single branch of the Armed Forces. At this stage, Colonel General Vladimir Nikolayevich Yakovlev headed the leadership of the renewed Rocket Forces. The reorganization carried out made it possible to reduce the number of troops by integrating or eliminating parallel, duplicating structures in command and control bodies, units and institutions, including in the network of military educational institutions and research organizations. In addition, due to the unification, the need for resources, the range of weapons and military equipment was reduced. It is also important that a decision was made on a phased transition to one type of weaponry - the Topol-M fixed and mobile missile system with a single missile. On December 30, 1998, the first missile regiment of this stationary-based missile system took up combat duty in the Tatishchevskaya Missile Division.

On June 1, 2001, the Strategic Missile Forces were transformed from a branch of the Armed Forces into two independent, but closely interacting types of troops of central subordination: the Strategic Missile Forces and the Space Forces. From that time until 2009, the Strategic Missile Forces were headed by Colonel General Nikolai Evgenievich Solovtsov. He made a significant contribution to the preservation of the missile group, the structure and composition of the Strategic Missile Forces, which ensure nuclear deterrence. Under his leadership, during these years, the Strategic Missile Forces, taking into account the contractual obligations between Russia and the United States, have consistently carried out a number of measures aimed at modernizing and optimizing the combat composition of the missile group while simultaneously carrying out structural transformations of the troops.

(slide number 11)

During this period, large-scale measures were taken to improve the missile group: combat railway complexes and missile regiments that had exhausted their operational resource, armed with R-36M UTTKh missiles, were withdrawn from service, and the re-equipment of the Strategic Missile Forces with new missile systems continues.

In 2009-2010, the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces was Lieutenant General A.A. Shvaichenko.

In 2010, Colonel General Sergey Viktorovich Karakaev was appointed commander of the Strategic Missile Forces.

By 2013, the Strategic Missile Forces have 12 missile divisions of permanent readiness, armed with 378 launchers with intercontinental ballistic missiles.

(slide number 12)

Currently, the Strategic Rocket Forces is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, designed to deter aggression against the Russian Federation and its allies, and during the war - to destroy (destroy) objects of the enemy’s military and economic potential by delivering nuclear missile strikes.

At present, the Strategic Rocket Forces play a significant role in ensuring the security of the Russian Federation. In their combat strength there are about two-thirds of the strategic launchers and more than half of the warheads of the Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces.

The number of the Rocket Forces is about 47 thousand military personnel, which is about 5% of the total number of the Armed Forces, and 14.6 thousand civilian personnel. The cost of maintaining the Strategic Missile Forces is about 4% of the cost of maintaining the Russian Armed Forces.

The leading role of the Strategic Missile Forces in the nuclear triad is determined not only by quantitative indicators, but also by qualitative characteristics, such as high operational readiness, stability of combat control, survivability of objects, and a number of others.

In accordance with the decisions taken at the level of the President of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense, the Rocket Forces will continue their development as an independent branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the existing combat composition. When implementing long-term development plans, the Rocket Forces plan to have required amount launchers, limited by the framework of the START Treaty, which establishes quantitative limits for the parties' strategic offensive weapons, and is consistent with the country's economic capabilities and expected changes in the military-strategic situation.

(slide number 13)

Everything necessary has been created in the Strategic Missile Forces to carry out deterrence tasks (slide No. 4): the structure of military command and control bodies, reliable systems for combat duty and the operation of missile weapons, which ensure the maintenance of high combat readiness of a group of missile systems, a combat command and control system for troops and weapons, which allows you to guaranteedly bring combat orders to missile weapons.

The headquarters of the Strategic Missile Forces is located in the ZATO Vlasikha, 3 km from the city of Odintsovo, Moscow Region. The grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces consists of 3 missile armies with headquarters located in the cities of Vladimir, Orenburg and Omsk, which include 12 missile divisions of constant readiness. Including 4 stationary-based missile divisions with silo launchers (in Kozelsk, Tatishchevo, Dombarovsky and Uzhur) and 8 mobile-based missile divisions with mobile ground-based missile systems (in Vypolzovo, Teikovo, Yury, Yoshkar-Ola, Nizhny Tagil, Novosibirsk, Barnaul and Irkutsk).

In addition to the missile armies and divisions, the Strategic Missile Forces include the 4th State Central Interservice Range (Kapustin-Yar), on the basis of which weapons are tested not only for the Strategic Missile Forces, but also for air defense of all types, missile forces and artillery of the Ground Forces.

The RVSN also includes the 10th Sary-Shagan test site, which is located on the territory of Kazakhstan. A unique base has been deployed at the training ground for testing complexes and means of anti-missile defense: both strike and information-reconnaissance.

In addition, the Strategic Missile Forces have arsenals and training centers for junior specialists. Since 2013, the 4th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense and the Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces named after I.I. Peter the Great with a branch in Serpukhov.

(slide number 14)

Speaking about the current composition of the weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces, it can be recalled that in the entire history of the Rocket Forces, 28 types of various missile systems have changed in the composition of their weapons. In the period 1979-1982, the combat strength of the Strategic Missile Forces included maximum amount simultaneously located on combat duty Strategic Missile Forces of missile systems - 12 types (4 missile systems with medium-range missiles and 8 missile systems with intercontinental ballistic missiles).

The Strategic Missile Forces are armed with 6 types of stationary and mobile-based missile systems, which make it possible to solve multifaceted tasks of nuclear deterrence.

(slide number 15)

Among them are three types of stationary (mine-based) missile systems. 52 R-36M2 missiles in the Dombarovskaya and Uzhurskaya missile divisions, 68 UR-100N UTTKh ICBMs in the Kozelskaya and Tatishchevskaya missile divisions, and 60 Topol-M ICBMs in the Tatishchevskaya missile division.

The Strategic Missile Forces have three types of mobile ground-based missile systems. PGRK "Topol" with 162 ICBM RT-2PM in Vypolzovo, Yoshkar-Ola, Irkutsk, Barnaul, Novosibirsk and Nizhny Tagil. 18 ICBMs each of the fifth-generation Topol-M PGRK with a monoblock ICBM and the Yars PGRK and with a missile equipped with MIRVs are deployed in the Teykovskaya Missile Division.

The missile system with the PC-18 missile with a flight range of 10,000 kilometers is designed to destroy all types of strategic targets, under any conditions of combat use, including with multiple enemy nuclear impact on the positional area. The missile is equipped with a multiple reentry vehicle with targeted breeding of warheads at individual targets, tens and hundreds of kilometers apart from each other.

The Voevoda missile system with the RS-20V missile with a flight range of more than 11,000 kilometers is designed to destroy all types of strategic targets protected by modern means missile defense, in any conditions of combat use, incl. with repeated nuclear impact of the enemy but a positional area). The RS-20V missile belongs to the fourth generation of strategic missiles and is currently the most powerful intercontinental ballistic missile in the world with a launch weight of 211 tons and a payload of more than 8 tons.

The Topol mobile ground-based missile system with the RS-12M missile with a flight range of more than 10,000 kilometers is designed to destroy all types of strategic targets, in any conditions of combat use. The RS-12M missile belongs to the fourth generation of strategic missiles.

The Topol-M missile system with the RS-12M2 missile with a flight range of more than 11 thousand kilometers was developed in two basing options: the first option is the RS-12M2 missile in a highly protected silo launcher as part of the Topol-M missile system, the second option is RS-12M2 missile on a self-propelled launcher as part of the Topol-M mobile ground-based missile system. The missile belongs to the fifth generation of strategic missiles and has increased protection against damaging factors nuclear explosion, a powerful system to overcome the enemy's anti-missile defense, as well as increased efficiency of use against planned and unplanned targets. In the silo version, the missile is installed in modified silo launchers from PC-18 missiles.

Missile complex"Yare" with the RS-24 missile with a flight range of more than 11 thousand kilometers was also developed in two basing options: mine and mobile. Among the main performance characteristics RK "Yars" should include such as one hundred intercontinental range, equipping with a multiple warhead with maneuvering units for individual targeting, the highest maneuverability (for the mobile version) and, as a result, increased survivability.

I should note that now more than 70% of the missile systems on combat duty are beyond the warranty period. However, despite this, the required indicators of their reliability and technical readiness, determined by the President of Russia, have been preserved thanks to the measures taken, and at least 94% of the missile systems are daily ready to launch missiles immediately.

The plans of the Rocket Forces to extend the service life of missile systems to the maximum possible period are based on their high technical excellence, incorporated in design and technological solutions during their creation, ensured by high quality in production and are implemented through the existing system of operation. The rational organization of combat duty systems and the operation of missile weapons, debugged over the years of the existence of the Strategic Missile Forces, made it possible to maintain the required reliability indicators and maintain the technical readiness of the Strategic Missile Forces missile systems.

The ongoing set of works to extend the service life of ICBMs on combat duty by two or more times makes it possible to modernize the missile group as planned.

(slide number 16)

Of fundamental importance is the issue of extending the service life of stationary (mine)-based missile systems, which form the basis of the Strategic Missile Forces grouping. First of all, this applies to the missile system with the most powerful "heavy" missile of the strategic nuclear forces R-36M2 "Voevoda". To date, the missile system with this missile has exceeded the warranty period of operation by one and a half times, having stood on combat duty for 24 years. Together with industrial organizations, work is underway to extend the service life of this missile to 30 years, which will keep this complex in the combat composition of the Strategic Missile Forces until 2022.

Missile system with intercontinental ballistic missile

The UR-100N UTTKh is one of the most reliable missile systems in the practice of combat rocketry; it has been on combat duty for 32 years, having exceeded the warranty period of operation by more than three times. It is planned to further extend its service life to 33-35 years, which will make it possible to keep it in the combat composition of the Strategic Missile Forces until 2017.

The "youngest" among the stationary missile systems - "Topol-M", was put on combat duty in 1998. It is planned that this complex will be part of the Strategic Missile Forces for at least 20 years - until 2019.

The Topol mobile ground-based missile system, the oldest mobile ground-based strategic missile system in Russia, has been on combat duty of the Strategic Missile Forces since 1988 and now forms the basis of the mobile grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces. The extensive work to extend the service life of this missile system to 25 years will make it possible to keep missile regiments with self-propelled launchers of this type on combat duty until 2019, before they are re-equipped with the new Yars mobile ground-based missile system.

The fifth-generation Topol-M and Yars missile systems will be part of the Strategic Missile Forces for at least 20 years, until 2026 and 2029, respectively.

The plans for the development of the Strategic Missile Forces grouping for the next decade involve its renewal through the introduction of promising mobile and stationary missile systems. The grouping of strike assets will remain, as now, two-component - with the preservation of stationary missile systems that are ready for immediate use, and mobile systems with high survivability.

Work on re-equipping a stationary group with a new silo-based missile launcher "Yars" has been deployed in the Kozelsk Missile Division. In 2013, the rearmament of the 74th missile regiment of this division began. Further, in the period from 2015 to 2017, it is planned to re-equip two more missile regiments with this missile system.

Work is underway to create a 15P171 missile system with a missile having a new type of combat equipment in order to start re-equipping the Dombarovsk Missile Division with this complex at the turn of 2015.

As for the PGRK grouping, since 2012, the Novosibirsk Missile Division began putting the Yars PGRK with a multiple-warhead missile on combat duty. Since 2013, the rearmament of the Nizhny Tagil Missile Division has begun. In the future, it is planned to re-equip five more missile divisions: - Yoshkar-Ola and Irkutsk from 2015 and from 2017 - Vypolzovskaya, Yuryanskaya and Barnaul missile divisions.

As for a more distant prospect - the turn of 2018-2020, it can be said with confidence that the existing scientific, technical and design groundwork, which is the basis for the creation and development of nuclear missile weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces, will continue to continue with minimal costs and feasibility risks respond flexibly to emerging challenges and threats to Russia's security. At the turn of 2018-2020, to get into service qualitatively new missile systems with combat equipment that can overcome any missile defense system that can be created by that time. And, what is very important, by that time, opportunities will be created for a certain increase in the composition of the strike group in case of force majeure.

It should be noted that a decision has already been made to conduct research and development work to create a new Sarmat silo-based missile system with a liquid-propellant “heavy” missile, which will have increased capabilities to overcome the promising US missile defense system and will replace the famous Voevoda.

As part of the State Armaments Program, work has also begun on the creation of the Barguzin combat railway missile system, which will appear at the turn of 2018-2019 and will not be inferior to its predecessor BZHRK Molodets in terms of its characteristics, and in some ways even surpass them.

The share of new missile systems in the grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces will constantly increase. It is planned that by 2016 new missile systems will make up about 60 percent of the strike force, and by 2021 - 98 percent. At the same time, there will be a qualitative improvement in the systems of combat command and control of troops and weapons, combat equipment, primarily in terms of building up the capabilities of missile systems to overcome anti-missile defense.

Measures will also be implemented to increase the survivability of the mobile grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces, while the key role and importance of the Strategic Missile Forces grouping as part of the Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces will continue and ensure the guaranteed fulfillment of the task of strategic deterrence in the long term.

The leading role of the Strategic Missile Forces in the domestic strategic nuclear triad is determined not only by a significant number of missiles and warheads, but also by qualitative characteristics, such as high operational readiness, stability of combat control, survivability of objects, and many others. The strike force of the Strategic Missile Forces, in any case, will have the necessary number of deployed warheads and such tactical and technical characteristics that will make it possible to depreciate the combat capabilities of the missile defense systems being created to the maximum and ensure that they complete the assigned tasks.

In addition to the above measures, the State Armaments Program has planned R&D for the development of the combat control and communications system of the Strategic Missile Forces. Within their framework, it is planned to carry out measures to modernize existing and commission new command posts, equip them with new types of combat control and communications equipment, and use new modern information and telecommunication technologies.

Planned for the near future:

completion of work on commissioning the Strategic Nuclear Forces Combat Control Center. Organization of work on its further modernization;

creation of new stationary and mobile command posts of missile armies, divisions and missile regiments;

modernization of the Central command post Strategic Missile Forces and its highly protected element;

preservation of elements of the backup path of the combat control system.

All this, as before, will not only ensure the guaranteed delivery of orders to strategic weapons, but will also expand the capabilities of the command and control system by introducing new information paths and control complexes for the daily activities of troops into its composition.

The Strategic Missile Forces are armed with a significant set of tools for an adequate response to various options attempts to reduce the effectiveness of our nuclear missile weapons. This is ensured both by increasing the survivability of missile systems under attack by any means, including nuclear ones, and by increasing their ability to inflict unacceptable damage on an aggressor, including in the face of anti-missile defense countermeasures.

One of the most effective ways to increase survivability is the use of mobile ground-based missile systems. The newest Russian PGRK was the Yars complex with the RS-24 ICBM, which has the ability to quickly exit the point of permanent deployment and covert dispersal over large areas. This PGRK gives stability to the group in response and serves as real evidence of Russia's priority in the nuclear missile field. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the Strategic Missile Forces today provides a guaranteed nuclear deterrence together with other components of the Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces

The expected composition and deployment of the grouping will have the form presented on.

The structure of the prospective missile group of the Strategic Missile Forces will, as now, be two-component, with the preservation of stationary missiles with high combat readiness for immediate use, and mobile missiles of high survivability. This approach will ensure an adequate response to emerging and predicted threats with minimal costs and feasibility risks. The Strategic Missile Forces will include 3 missile armies, 13 missile divisions, which will be armed with about 400 launchers.

In general, despite the existing difficulties of the reform period associated with the optimization of the structure and composition, the Strategic Missile Forces maintain the established combat and mobilization readiness, controllability and combat capability. At the same time, they will have a balanced structure, and they will always be armed with the optimal number of strategic missiles and warheads designed to solve diverse tasks of nuclear deterrence and ensure Russia's security.

Over the past 54 years, more than 12 million people have served in the Strategic Missile Forces, and several generations of rocket men have been raised. The Strategic Rocket Forces are proud that six twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, 94 Heroes of the Soviet Union, six Heroes of the Russian Federation, 35 Heroes of Socialist Labor served in their ranks. Among the rocket soldiers there are 52 laureates of the Lenin Prize, 226 laureates of the State Prize of the USSR and 22 laureates of the State Prizes of the Russian Federation.

Over the entire existence of the Strategic Missile Forces, 23 different types of missile systems have been developed and put on combat duty, including 18 with MKR and 5 with RS D.

In certain periods 1970 - 1980s up to 12 types of missile systems were in service with the Strategic Missile Forces at the same time, and up to five types of missile systems were under development.

Since the appearance of rocket weapons in the USSR (1947) to the present time, the Strategic Missile Forces have carried out over 5,000 missile launches, including about 500 combat training ones in the course of operational and combat training of troops.

Next year, 2014, the Strategic Missile Forces are preparing to celebrate their 55th anniversary. Over the years, several generations of missilemen have served in the army, giving her their knowledge, strength, and health.

The entire history of the creation, formation and development of the Strategic Missile Forces was subordinated to the highest goal - the preservation of peace. This goal was achieved by the enormous work of hundreds of thousands of designers of rocket and space technology, engineers, workers in the defense industries, rocket soldiers. Thanks to them, the modern Strategic Missile Forces continue to make a worthy and significant contribution to the guaranteed security of our state.

2. question. The tasks of the military personnel for a worthy meeting of the 55th anniversary of the Strategic Missile Forces.

Improving the quality indicators of combat duty, the training of personnel on duty shifts in the performance of tasks for their intended purpose.

Ensuring trouble-free operation of weapons and military equipment.

Competent and timely commissioning of new models of weapons and military equipment.

Increasing the personal responsibility of commanders and superiors for ensuring military discipline in subordinates military units and divisions.

Detailed definition of the functional responsibilities of each serviceman.

Eliminate cases of death of military personnel, minimize injuries in the course of carrying out activities of daily activities and during off-duty hours, ensure safe conditions life and service of military personnel for the entire period of training.

Reduce the number of offenses related to corruption, drugs, alcohol abuse, hazing.

A worthy meeting of the 55th anniversary of the Strategic Missile Forces is a gift to veterans who created the most formidable branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) are currently a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, directly subordinate to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Strategic Missile Forces were transformed from a type of troops into a branch of service in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2001. The commander of the Strategic Missile Forces - Lieutenant General Sergei Viktorovich Karakaev - was appointed to this position by decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 22, 2010.

As of the beginning of 2017, the Strategic Missile Forces allegedly had 286 missile systems of five different types, which were capable of carrying 958 nuclear warheads:

Number of complexes		Total warheads
Missile complex	warheads				Locations
R-36MUTTH/R-36M2 (SS-18)					Dombarovsky, Uzhur
UR-100NUTTH (SS-19)					Tatishchevo
Poplar (SS-25)
Topol-M sh (SS-27)					Tatishchevo
Topol-M m (SS-27)
					Teikovo, Novosibirsk, Nizhny Tagil, Yoshkar-Ola, Vypolzovo
					Kozelsk
Total

Subdivisions of the Strategic Missile Forces

The Strategic Missile Forces include three missile armies: the 27th Guards Missile Army (headquartered in Vladimir), the 31st Missile Army (Orenburg), and the 33rd Guards Missile Army (Omsk). The 53rd Rocket Army (Chita) was disbanded at the end of 2002.

As of the beginning of 2017, the missile armies of the Strategic Missile Forces have 11 missile divisions that are armed with combat missile systems.

Number of missile systems
Missile division			Type of missile system
27th Guards Ra (Vladimir)
Tatishchevo: 60 RD (Tatishchevo-5, Light)			UR-100NUTTH (SS-19)
			Topol-M sh (SS-27)
Kozelsk: 28th Guards Division
Vypolzovo: 7th Guards Division (Ozerny, Bologoe-4)
Teikovo: 54 Guards Rd (Red Sosenki)
	18		Topol-M m
Yoshkar-Ola: 14th day
31st Ra (Rostoshi, Orenburg)
Dombarovsky: 13 RD (Clear)			R-36M2 (SS-18)
Nizhny Tagil: RD 42 (Verkhnyaya Salda, Nizhny Tagil-41, Svobodny)
33rd Guards Ra (Omsk)
ra - missile army, rd - missile division, guards - guards Missile systems Rocket development R-36M2 (RS-20V, SS-18) was carried out by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau (Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine). The R-36M2 missiles were deployed in 1988-1992. Rockets R-36M2 are two-stage liquid-propellant, can carry 10 warheads. The production of rockets was carried out by the Southern Machine-Building Plant (Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine). The plans for the development of the Strategic Missile Forces provide for the maintenance of R-36M2 missiles on combat duty until approximately 2022. rockets UR-100NUTTH (SS-19) were developed by NPO Mashinostroeniya (Reutov, Moscow region). The missiles were deployed in 1979-1984. Rocket UR-100NUTTH two-stage liquid, carries 6 warheads. The production of missiles was carried out by the plant. M. V. Khrunicheva (Moscow). To date, some of the UR-100NUTTH missiles have been withdrawn from service. At the same time, part of the missiles will remain in service until 2019. At the same time, it is possible that warheads with nuclear warheads were removed from the missiles remaining in the mines (this practice was used in the 1970s with UR-100 missiles). Ground missile systems Poplar (SS-25) were developed at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. The missiles were deployed in 1985-1992. The rocket of the Topol complex is a three-stage solid propellant, carries one warhead. The production of missiles was carried out by the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. Currently, the process of removing the Topol complexes from service is underway due to the expiration of the service life of the missiles. It is planned that all missiles will be withdrawn from the Strategic Missile Forces in 2021. Missile complex Topol M (SS-27) and its modification RS-24 Yars developed at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. The complex was created in a silo-based version and in a mobile soil-based version. The missile of the Topol-M complex is a three-stage solid propellant, originally created in a monoblock version. In 2007, tests were carried out on a version of the missile equipped with a MIRV, designated RS-24 Yars. The deployment of RS-24 complexes in a mobile version was launched in 2010.