Status and prospects of active tourism. Status and prospects for the development of active types of tourism in the Perm region

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug Ugra is a full-fledged subject Russian Federation, is part of the Tyumen region.

Positioning Ugra (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) as a territory of tourism, as a developed tourist area, state and non-state sectors of the sphere, in addition to a number of undertaken and ongoing comprehensive measures aimed at solving this problem, much more needs to be done. The intensification of the development of active types of tourism will create additional attractiveness of the region, expand the range of tourist services for regional tourism.

Considering the prospects for the development of active types of tourism in Ugra, it is necessary, in our opinion, to clearly understand the goals pursued and the result that is supposed to be obtained at the end.

Based on the attitudes facing the regional authorities in the field of tourism, it follows that it is necessary to create conditions for the development of domestic tourism, including active types that have a development prospect from a commercial point of view. In this regard, it is important to highlight and determine which types of tourism can have a development prospect from a commercial point of view, and which can solve other problems, including social ones.

The development of active types of tourism in Ugra, in our opinion, should be considered systematically, highlighting the main and additional components of the effective development of the sphere:

1. active types of tourism that have a potential development prospect in terms of economic feasibility;
2. active types of tourism, solving mainly educational and upbringing tasks (ecological, ethnotourism, etc.)
3. active tourist and excursion routes;
4. sports tourism, which solves the problems of training athletes, as well as contributing to the positioning of the region as a developed tourist and sports territory.
5. tourist and sporting events held on the territory;
6. tourist and event events held in the form of tourslets, bard events, etc.;
7. development of related infrastructure.

Among the main regional tourism resources that have a prospect for the development of active types of tourism can be attributed to natural, historical and cultural:

• Natural. The relief of the territory of the district is represented by both lowlands (less than 100 m) and high-mountain relief - the city of Narodnaya, 1894 m (Polar Urals) and the city of Pedy, 1010 m (Northern Urals), which allows laying the most varied routes in terms of complexity and length. Colossal water resources represented by the Ob and Irtysh rivers, their 12 tributaries and about 30 thousand rivers have great prospects for the development of water tourism. Abundant vegetation and diverse fauna represented by 50 species of mammals, 29 species of fish and more than 180 species of birds suggest that the widest range of tourist services is in demand - from ecological to hunting and fishing.
• Historical and cultural. There are more than 4 thousand objects of historical and cultural value in the district, the earliest of which belong to the Paleolithic era, and the latest - to the monuments of the Russian old-timer population and modern monumental art. For the most part, these are archeological monuments, represented by ruined earthen and wooden structures. The modern buildings of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk and other cities of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug are also of value.

In our opinion, ecological tourism has great prospects for the development of which in Ugra there are 2 reserves, 11 sanctuaries, 4 natural parks, 8 natural monuments.
The transport component is represented by water, rail, air transport, a fairly extensive network of roads allows you to get in the summer to the main part of large settlements, in the winter there are well-prepared winter car roads which, as a rule, are laid along freezing rivers, lakes and swamps. In the summer, a mixed mode of transport can be used to reach almost the most remote settlements of the district, ecological objects and objects of interest from the point of view of sports, recreation, fishing and other types of tourism.

According to the Tourism Committee of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in 2008, there are more than 140 tourist firms in the Okrug. However, according to the source, most travel agencies specialize in the sale of recreational, cultural, educational and medical tours sold outside the district.

The implementation of active types of tourism, as well as other regional tourism products in general, is currently complicated by a number of the following circumstances:

1. relatively high cost of transport costs (especially for persons arriving from the western and eastern parts of Russia);
2. high consumer price ratio;
3. shortage of qualified personnel in tourism enterprises;
4. insufficiency, in terms of quantity and quality of regional tourism products;
5. lack of sufficient infrastructure for the development of types of tourism with a potential development prospect in Ugra (water, hiking, mountain, skiing, fishing, etc.);
6. insufficient number of tour operators - 9 for a territory comparable to the territory of Ukraine or France, actively involved in inbound and domestic tourism.

Summing up the above, we can note the following, the intensification of the development of active types of tourism in the district will largely depend on the effectiveness of the implementation of a set of measures to develop active types of tourism, as well as the development of related infrastructure.

Increasing the investment attractiveness of the Ugra tourism sector is one of the strategic tasks of the regional tourism management bodies. The unique resource and recreational potential of the territory must be tangible, ready-made investment projects must be available, and investment investments must be guaranteed.

Today in Russia and in the world, as a rule, active types of tourism are associated with overcoming routes on foot, on skis, along mountain routes or using non-traditional means of transportation for tourists (rafts, boats, riding animals, etc.).

Recently, for the majority of our compatriots, loners who traveled around their native country were engaged in such an extreme type of recreation. Now the boundaries of the tourism business have expanded, special companies are being created and operating in this service market that offer various travel options both around the region where we live and foreign tours.

As for the implementation of travel across the territory of Russia, here, despite the apparent problems, the choice is quite wide. First of all, these are hiking trails over rough terrain, overcoming mountain passes, water tourism using improvised means, rafting on mountain and fast rivers, routes in the foothills of the Caucasus, the Ural Mountains, the Sayan Mountains and much more.

main purpose active tourism is not the conquest of sports peaks, not the achievement of outstanding results, but, above all, the desire to test yourself in conditions that are very different from ordinary ones, in which you need to study yourself, your strength, endurance and ability to find a way out of difficult situations.

Cycling tourism is travel on road, sports and mountain (mountain bike) bikes on the plain, ravines, sands, mountain trails. Compared to hiking, cycling has the following advantages: high speed movement and low fatigue, more options when choosing a route with almost any terrain and any roads. It is one of the most environmentally friendly and healthy species. active rest Kapilevich L.V., Karvunis Yu.A. Recreational, health-improving and sightseeing potential of urban cycling// Bulletin of Tomsk state university. - 2013. - No. 370. - S. 140-143 ..

Cycling tourism as an active recreation consists in cycling routes containing general tourist and cycling tourism-specific sightseeing objects. The difficulty of these hikes can range from easy to extremely difficult, and the routes are designed to take advantage of the benefits of cycling to get around the route quickly.

Cyclists are a large community of people around the world who prefer to make long and short tourist trips on bicycles. This way of traveling is still considered specific, not suitable for everyone. Indeed, when traveling by bicycle, a person first of all refuses comfort when moving from place to place, exposes himself to serious physical exertion, and may encounter situations that are not familiar to an ordinary tourist.

Currently, the development of cycling tourism in Russia has two directions: multi-day trips on a predominantly geographical basis or geographical and historical route and as a way to organize a weekend weekend, resulting in the so-called "weekend tours", which are trips to the surrounding countryside or to a suburban attraction. Each direction is further subdivided into subspecies: ecological, religious, sightseeing, sports, civilized, etc.

Winter extreme sports are perhaps the most popular due to their availability and the development of tourism in suitable regions. Skiing and snowboarding are mastered by people of almost all ages and physical training. The number of ski resorts is also explained by the popularity of these extreme sports. The most developed and mastered ski resorts include not only domestic regions and neighboring countries, but also Alpine ski resorts, especially since European tourist regions offer a high level of service and comfort for their tourists.

In the tourist zoning system of the world, Austria is classified as the Alpine tourist region of the Western European zone of the European Region, since most of the country's territory is covered by the Alps. Austria is a country of traditional winter tourism. Along with Switzerland, this country is a kind of ski tourism Mecca for tourists. According to surveys, Austria attracts tourists with its magnificent landscapes, beautiful nature, climate (clean air). Other criteria that influence the choice of tourists are a good image of the country, previous positive experience, a variety of recreational opportunities, value for money, as well as well-developed ski slopes.

An important factor in the development of tourism in Austria is geographical position countries. Being in the center of the intersection of the main aviation, railway and highways, Austria has become an important transit center of Europe. Successful location in the center of Europe favorably distinguishes this country from other European countries and makes it accessible for transport and attractive to many foreign tourists. The landscape features of Austria provide local and foreign tourists with ample opportunities for recreation, since certain types of extreme tourism require certain natural conditions.

For example, for skiing - the presence of elevated areas with significant excesses of the relief, which occupy a small space. More than 70% of the territory of Austria is covered by the Eastern Alps and their foothills, which are wider and lower than the Swiss, and therefore more accessible for recreational use. Also attracts a large number of picturesque alpine meadows and forests that attract significant tourist flows. In the mountains there are various manifestations of karst with stalactite and stalagmite caves, ice flows, underground lakes and streams, which are the basis for the development of speleological tourism.

The snow line lies at an altitude of 2500-2800 m, so the development of ski tourism is possible in some high-mountain areas in the winter Romanov A. A. Geography of tourism: textbook. allowance / A. A. Romanov, R. G. Saakyants. - M.: Sov. sport, 2002. - 464 p.

Tourists are also attracted by intermountain depressions with less pronounced natural boundaries of altitudinal zonality. The available natural conditions, well-developed transport routes, as well as sufficient material and technical base of tourism - all this contributes to the constantly high interest of tourists in this country.

Switzerland is also a mountainous country. The concept of Switzerland and the mountains are inseparable from each other. About 2/3 of the country's area is occupied by mountains. Almost all of the highest massifs are located on its territory. Foreign Europe. Most of Switzerland lies in the Alps.

Switzerland in the traditional view of a tourist is a country of healing waters, clean air and winter resorts. July and August Switzerland are ideal for those who do not like the Mediterranean heat and prefer winter activities.

The following areas of international tourism in Switzerland can be distinguished: skiing, group tours, individual tours, "event" tourism, tourism for schoolchildren and youth and health programs.

The best ski centers in the country are distinguished primarily by huge - more than 200 and even 300 km slopes - skiing areas, high-altitude placement of tracks (up to 4000 m), which allow the season to continue until summer, convenient transfers - no more than 2 hours to any resort. active tourism extreme

In addition, extreme types of tourism are developing all over the world. Let us consider in more detail the types of extreme tourism according to the method of movement and type of terrain (Table 1.2).

Table 1.2

Varieties of tourism of extreme tourism according to the method of movement and type of terrain

So, as a result of the study, we can conclude that the types of active tourism are very diverse.

Currently, health tourism in the world is a rapidly growing global industry, bringing in tens of millions of dollars of income annually. The concept of health tourism is based on the principle of restoring vital energy. Bad habits, stress, malnutrition, a sedentary lifestyle lead to the emergence of energy barriers in the body, which entail a general decrease in performance and deterioration of well-being. The purpose of health tourism methods is to remove energy barriers, affecting the body at three interconnected levels: physical - energy - mental.

Tourism, as the most important means of active recreation, involves the use of this necessary tool in life, aimed at the comprehensive development of the individual - relieving nervous stress and restoring health.

When studying the category of "rest", as a rule, two concepts are used: leisure and recreation. The concept of "leisure" has a commercial and entertainment meaning, while the concept of "recreation" has a social meaning (recuperation and recovery). Both of these components are in close interaction with each other.

AT last years, especially after our tourists get acquainted with foreign life, there are significant changes in the organization of leisure time for vacationers. This is due to several reasons: borrowing the experience of foreign resorts; the growth of the educational and cultural level of the population; the emergence of new technologies in the entertainment industry; change in the structure of the use of free time.

The choice of specific forms is determined by the possibilities of the material base of health resorts, its location (within the resort or separately located) and the presence of natural factors (mountains, forest reservoirs), the contingent of vacationers (adult children, families), training and opportunities for leisure workers.

The most traditional forms of organizing leisure activities at resorts are mass sports activities, excursions, film screenings, and leisure evenings.

Active types of recreation and rehabilitation are very popular in the resorts due to the presence of a number of conditions:

• · material base for classes (beach, swimming pool, gym, sports ground, sports equipment, etc.);
• specialists physiotherapy exercises(LFK), sports instructors;
• free time for classes;
• partners in active sports;
• pronounced therapeutic and healing effect exercise;
• · general health-improving orientation of stay at the resort and recreational atmosphere.

All active types of recovery can be combined into two large groups: actually exercise therapy and mass sports work.

The term "therapeutic physical culture" was introduced in our country in 1929. Previously, the term “kinesitherapy” was much more popular, which comes from the Greek word “kinesis”, which means movement. Therefore, kinesitherapy is a treatment by movement.

Currently under therapeutic physical culture understand:

• 1. The branch of clinical medicine that studies rational use physical culture and changes that occur in patients under the influence of exercise.
• 2. The method of non-specific therapy, using the means of physical culture to restore the health and working capacity of the patient, to prevent the consequences of the pathological process.
• 3. A method of treatment based on the use of physical exercises, widely used in sanatorium-resort conditions in order to promote health, treat and medically rehabilitate patients, prevent the progression of diseases and their complications.

Therapeutic exercise provides general action on the body, contributing to the normalization of functions of cardio-vascular system, respiratory organs, musculoskeletal system, and local action - restoration of the activity of the affected organs.

The basic principles of the use of exercise therapy: individually dosed physical training; selection of exercises and their combinations depending on the nature of the disease and its course, the age and state of health of the patient, the regularity and duration of exercise therapy, a gradual increase physical activity in the course of treatment. Exercises can be active or passive, designed for arms, legs, abdominals etc.; aimed at correcting posture, training breathing and coordination of movements, relaxing muscle groups, etc.

Another form vigorous activity at the resorts sports and mass work. It is health-improving in nature, but is not strictly a medical activity. However, when doing mass sports activities, as well as during exercise therapy, one should observe the basic motor modes, the characteristics of which are presented below.

The main forms of mass sports work at the resort include the following:

• 1. Games (table tennis, tennis, volleyball, badminton, water polo, football, chess, etc.) and sports holidays. They can be held both in sports halls and sports grounds, and in reservoirs. Distinguish games sedentary, mobile and sports. Movable and sport games are of particular importance in children's medical institutions.
• 2. Swimming and rowing.
• 3. Middle tourism. These are one-day trips within the territory of the resort. They are conducted under the guidance of a methodologist - a specialist in exercise therapy. The total duration of the trip should not exceed 8 hours, and the duration of the walking route should not exceed 15 km.
• 4. Sports dancing, aerobics, shaping.
• 5. Winter and ski sports (where the climate and terrain permits) - skiing, alpine skiing, sledding, skateboards, etc.
• 6. Mountain and water types of health improvement (rafting, canoeing).

Resort areas around the world receive guests with a clear understanding that a special role belongs to the organization of leisure activities for vacationers: game events, active competitions, various shows and holidays, in other words - animation service. In the West, the main activity of the animation sector is the daily entertainment program, which includes a range of free animation services for adults and children.

It is difficult to overestimate the role of the animation system, so a significant line in the budget is intended specifically for the cost of animation activities. Personal experience the work of Sochi students in practice in hotels in Spain (Mallorca, Balearic Islands), as well as a detailed analysis of the animation service in other countries, allow us to talk about the high level of animation service abroad, as well as the variety of animation structures in hotels. The animation base of each hotel has its own characteristics, but in general it is possible to structure all animation services in the following way.

Table 1.1 Entertainment industry: service pattern in foreign hotels

Each tourist accommodation facility has its own daily entertainment. The structure of the program depends on the number of vacationers, the contingent, the location of the facility, staff, meal schedules and excursions, etc.

The International Health Tourism Association (ISPA) has introduced eight categories of health facilities (Table 1.2.).

Table 1.2 International classification health facilities

This classification, carried out by American specialists, is recognized in all countries. However, associations of health services in individual countries develop their own national classifications with their own criteria for determining the types of health facilities.

Currently, health tourism is one of the noticeable characteristics of the lifestyle of the population. According to statistics from TUI AG (Touristik Union International), about 40% of German citizens are interested in health tours. Demand for health tours in Germany will quadruple by 2009. A similar trend can be traced throughout Europe, across the US. According to the European Spa Association (ESPA), about 20 million Europeans visit the resort at least once a year.

In Russia, health tourism is also becoming more and more popular among the general population. There is no state statistics on the demand for recreation with treatment at Russian and foreign resorts.

According to the travel company "Aurora-Intour", one of the leading companies in this segment of the tourist market, in 2008 the demand for health tours increased by 25% compared to 2007. The main resort destinations for the company are the resorts of Hungary, the Czech Republic, a number resorts of Russia (Moscow region, Central Russia, the Black Sea coast).

To the question "What type of vacation do you prefer?" the answers were distributed as follows (table 1.3.). The most preferred types of recreation for Russians are beach (30%), treatment in sanatoriums (28%), educational recreation (21%) or sports (19%).

Less often, Russians prefer rest in boarding houses (16%), at home (14%), in the country and in the garden (12%). In a 1999 VTsIOM study, 27% of Russians also preferred sanatoriums.

The preferences of Russians are differentiated by age. Young people prefer beach holiday and hiking; the middle generation - the beach and educational excursions, the older generation - sanatorium treatment and home rest. Russians with a level of education below the average, as a rule, are attracted to sanatorium treatment and home vacations, those with secondary and secondary specialized education are attracted to the beach and treatment in sanatoriums, and those with higher and incomplete higher education are attracted to beach and educational vacations.

Table 1.3 Types of recreation preferred by Russians

In the light of the concept of health tourism (SPA-tourism), a modern health tour acquires new features that distinguish it from a spa service and from a mass tourist trip. The features of the process of providing health services include:

• service personalization;
• Focus on disease prevention
• Expansion of the territory of the possible provision of services (not in a resort place);
• more advanced service a special and numerous range of services.

Thus, the organization of health improvement is one of the main social functions and plays an important role in the development of modern resorts. Treatment and recreation at the resort are inextricably linked with the organization of active leisure and is one of the most important areas of tourism activity, significantly complementing other sectors that can satisfy the demand of tourists only in combination.

Status and prospects for the development of active types of tourism in the Perm region

Introduction

Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of active types of tourism

1The concept and types of active types of tourism

2 Development of active types of tourism in Russia and the world as a whole

Chapter 2. Analysis of the development of active types of tourism in the Perm region

1 Development of cycling tourism

2 Development of ski tourism

3 Development of other active types of tourism in the Perm region

Chapter 3. Prospects for the development of active types of tourism in the Perm region

1 The main difficulties in the development of active types of tourism

3.2 Recreational opportunities and key prospects in the development of active types of tourism in the Perm region

Conclusion

Introduction

The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that the tourism industry is at the present stage one of the most dynamic sectors of the world economy, which has a stimulating effect on the development of key industries: transport and communications, construction, Agriculture, the production of consumer goods, which is estimated by a significant multiplier effect, acts as a catalyst for social economic development directly and indirectly contributing to the improvement of the quality of life of the population.

Today, the types of active tourism are very popular, the possibilities of which are almost limitless: from rafting on mountain rivers in Karelia and horseback riding in the mountains of Spain to cycling tours in Brazil and traveling through the jungles of Cambodia. Interest in active recreation in Russia is steadily growing. In recent years, there are more and more people who want to go down into the mouth of the volcano, climb Kilimanjaro, wander in the jungle, go on a safari, jump into the abyss with a safety cable and much more.

Active types of tourism offer their customers a huge number of different specialized tours in order to get new experiences and adrenaline. Modern development technical and security means do not deprive such types of recreation of a share of risk, however, they reduce the danger to a minimum. Therefore, if a tourist wants to get new impressions and sensations, then he will easily find and choose for himself just this kind of extreme tourism, having tried which he will not be able to stop.

The purpose of the course work is to study the state and prospects for the development of active types of tourism in the Perm region.

Based on the above goal, the following tasks were set and fulfilled in the work:

To study the concept and types of active types of tourism

explore the development of active types of tourism in Russia and the world as a whole

consider the development of cycling tourism in the Perm region;

to study the development of ski tourism in the Perm region;

explore the development of other active types of tourism in the Perm region;

identify the main difficulties in the development of active types of tourism;

to determine recreational opportunities and key prospects for the development of active types of tourism in the Perm Territory.

The object of research in the work is the Perm Territory.

The subject of the study is the state and prospects for the development of active types of tourism in the Perm region.

Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of active types of tourism

1The concept and types of active types of tourism

This kind of spending free time, like active tourism, has become widespread relatively recently. In general, it can be described as a type of recreation in which a tourist group crosses the laid route using maximum effort, while receiving a serious physical load on all muscle groups of the human body.

The main task of active tourism is to accustom citizens to the useful and rational use of free time, to ensure the optimal use of tourist resources, to take care of the personal safety of tourists, to protect their rights, interests, and property.

The purpose of active tourism is:

recovery, recuperation, improvement of medical and physiological data by changing the forms of activity, dosed movement, nervous unloading, increasing adaptation to unusual conditions;

providing practical skills in overcoming obstacles, mastering the technique of moving on foot, skiing, cycling, damming;

psychological improvement and emotional enrichment inner peace person;

expansion of local lore horizons, improvement of educational and methodological training, replenishment of knowledge in geography, history, biology, ethnography and culture;

mastering the theoretical foundations of organizing and conducting hikes, developing routes;

acquiring sports experience of participating in hikes and managing hikes of varying complexity.

Among lovers various kinds active tourism you can often meet like-minded people who combine several hobbies. Each type of extreme tourism, first of all, attracts people with its features, among which one can distinguish frantic speed, height, requirements for dexterity and special skills, and much more. Each tourist, as a rule, is attracted by the type of extreme tourism that suits him.

The classification of active types of tourism is given in Table. 1.1.

Table 1.1

Classification of active types of tourism

Основания для классификацииВиды экстремального туризмаСпособ передвижения и вид местностиВодный Наземный Горный Воздушный ЭкзотическийСпособ организацииОрганизованный НеорганизованныйОхват территорииМеждународный Межрегиональный РегиональныйПродолжительностьКраткосрочный СреднесрочныйСезонность действияЗимний Летний Межсезонный КруглогодичныйВид транспортаПешеходный Велосипедный Водный Лыжный Комбинированный Другие Цель участияПриключенческий Спортивный Природно-познавательный Научно-экологическийВозрастМолодежный Средневозрастной ПожилойСтепень мобильностиПередвижной Стационарный Спортивная категорийностьКатегорийный НекатегорийныйБезопасность High degree risk Medium risk Low risk

Adventure type of tourism is a type of tourism that is associated with physical exertion, and sometimes with danger to life. When organizing this kind of tours, adventures can be specially prepared and equipped with all possible safety equipment. AT recent times the exception is adventure travel that is not planned. This mainly refers to hunting tourism, rafting on mountain rivers, travel to uninhabited and uninhabited places, etc.

Nature tourism is not fully ecological tourism.

It is customary to refer to natural tourism all those types of tourism that directly use the resources of the surrounding wildlife, natural landscapes, water resources, relief, wild flora and fauna.

basis nature tourism is to familiarize tourists with wildlife, recreation, active tourism, however, these tours do not include protection in their program environment, ecology and culture of the places where travel takes place.

For example, nature tourism can include motorboating, animal hunting without regard to sustainable ecological balance, and this violates the principles ecological type tourism.

One of the options for nature tourism, according to some, is biological tourism, as well as tours to wildlife. The main purpose of this kind of tours is to observe and obtain information about a wide variety of wildlife objects.

Scientific eco-tourism is not one of the main types of eco-tourism, on the contrary, it is a rather small component of this type of tourism.

Nevertheless, scientific ecological tourism has a great impact on the development of the entire direction of ecological tourism, since it is scientific tourism that provides a lot of important information that contributes to the development of ecological tourism in a particular region or country.

2 Development of active types of tourism in Russia and the world as a whole

Today in Russia and in the world, as a rule, active types of tourism are associated with overcoming routes on foot, on skis, along mountain routes or using non-traditional means of transportation for tourists (rafts, boats, riding animals, etc.).

Recently, for the majority of our compatriots, loners who traveled around their native country were engaged in such an extreme type of recreation. Now the boundaries of the tourism business have expanded, special companies are being created and operating in this service market that offer various travel options both around the region where we live and foreign tours.

As for the implementation of travel across the territory of Russia, here, despite the apparent problems, the choice is quite wide. First of all, these are hiking trails across terrain with rough terrain, overcoming mountain passes, water tourism using improvised means, rafting on mountain and fast rivers, routes in the foothills of the Caucasus, the Ural Mountains, Sayan Mountains and much more.

The main purpose of active tourism is not to conquer sports peaks, not to achieve outstanding results, but, above all, the desire to test yourself in conditions that are very different from ordinary ones, in which you need to study yourself, your strength, endurance and ability to find a way out of difficult situations.

Cycling tourism is travel on road, sports and mountain (mountain bike) bikes on the plain, ravines, sands, mountain trails. Compared to hiking, cycling has the following advantages: higher speed of movement and low fatigue, more opportunities when choosing a route with almost any terrain and any roads. This is one of the most environmentally friendly and healthy outdoor activities.

Cycling as an active holiday<#"justify">Types of extreme tourism according to the method of movement and type of terrain Varieties Terrestrial1. Mountain biking 2. Speleology 3. Industrial tourism 4. Extreme racing Water1. Diving 2. Wakeboarding 3. Water skiing 4. Windsurfing 5. Rafting Air1. Parachute 2. Base-jump 3. Hang gliding Mountain1. Alpinism 2. Alpine skiing and snowboarding Extreme 1. Space tourism 2. Jailoo tourism 3. Expeditions to the North and south poles So, as a result of the study, we can conclude that the types of active tourism are very diverse.

Chapter 2. Analysis of the development of active types of tourism in the Perm region

1 Development of cycling tourism

Cycling tourism (cycling tourism) is one of the types of tourism<#"288" src="/wimg/17/doc_zip1.jpg" />

Rice. 2.2. Types of proposed tourist routes in the Perm region

Consider the proposed types of ski routes:

radial - a path of movement with a visit, as a rule, to one place of service and a guided tour, that is, the beginning and end. It takes place in one tourist (geographical) point of stay, located in which, tourists make a trip to other points, being in which tourists make a trip to other destinations, returning to their starting point;

linear - the path of movement with a visit to several service points and a guided tour, when the places of the beginning and end of the route do not coincide, i.e. located in various tourist (geographical) points of stay;

ring - a method of organizing an excursion and tourist route, in which a tourist (excursion) group moves along a ring route from one place to another, usually with an overnight stay;

combined - a way of movement, which consists of elements of a radial, linear and ring routes in a certain combination.

Tourist club "Ural trails" - social organization, the purpose of which is the development of tourism in the Urals and Siberia. It is an open (accessible to beginners) independent non-commercial tourist club, focusing on the general population. The club organizes year-round both new and traditional events in the format of active and sports tourism.

In the club's schedule, published a year ahead, you can find events of various forms, durations and levels of complexity: hiking, water, skiing, mountain, cycling, horseback riding on a variety of routes (and non-categorical weekend walks, and overnight trips, and expeditions from 1 to 5 weeks, from 1 to 5 categories of difficulty); recreational, team-building, mineralogical, speleological activities; corporate outdoor recreation (walks, rafting); ecotourism.

Another problem that distinguishes the organization of competitions in ski tourism from competitions in other types of tourism is that ski tourists need accommodation in stationary conditions.

In its turn, tourism organizations to accommodate tourists are divided into groups.

Tourist base - a hotel type of building, seasonal or year-round operation, with premises for cultural and community purposes, catering establishments, premises for tourist work. The tourist base is located on the route of the tourist route and organizes hiking trips and excursions for vacationers, preparing them theoretically and practically for camping life.

Tourist hotel - a building of a hotel type of superior comfort with premises for cultural and community purposes, catering establishments of a restaurant form, premises for tourist and excursion work at facilities located, as a rule, on a tourist and excursion route in a city, suburb or tourist center.

Shelter - a place for tourists to rest on the route with a sufficient level of service that simplified accommodation for tourists for a short time and conditions for cooking. The shelter acts as a form of tourist base.

Motel - a tourist hotel for car tourists, on the territory of which there are parking lots for vehicles and conditions for their maintenance and repair.

Camping - a complex of seasonal services for tourists, which includes simplified premises for their accommodation and a territory for parking vehicles, hearths for cooking and catering establishments.

Cross-country skiing competitions are held on the basis of ski bases.

February 2013 at the ski base "Snezhinka" took place the municipal stage of the competition in cross-country skiing of the Spartakiad of school sports clubs of the Perm Territory, participants in the project "Sports Club + Sports Certificate". The combined teams of sports clubs of the city took part in the competition.

On February 2013, Snezhinka hosted cross-country skiing competitions among employees of OAO SMZ2. The results of the competition, which is important, were included in the standings of the enterprise's Spartakiad. At the start there was a record number of participants in recent times. Seventeen women and thirty-seven men. As always, I was pleased with the representation of the First, Fourth, Seventh, Ninth and Tenth workshops. Also this time it is pleasant to note the mass approach of workshop No. 3. A lot of fans came to support their colleagues. Men overcame two kilometers, women - one. The weather and the prepared ski track disposed to high speeds.

January 19, 2014 at the ski base "Snezhinka" was the Championship and championship of the city of Solikamsk in cross-country skiing. Over 200 people took part.

Weekend hikes - short tourist or sightseeing routes, designed for one, maximum two days. Experienced tourists call them walks or picnics. These simple outings allow you to admire the beauties of the immediate surroundings, assess your readiness for physical activity and hikes of a higher category of difficulty, and prepare for serious and long routes.

Such training is especially relevant if a multi-day ski expedition is planned and your team includes not only experienced participants, but also neophytes who still do not feel quite confident on skis with weighty backpacks on their shoulders.

Weekend ski trips are an opportunity to try out equipment - to “get used to” new trekking boots and tourist skis, as well as to get to know your comrades better (if the team has not yet been “tested in battles” or new members have joined it). And, of course, this entertainment can become an exciting and, let's note, healthy, family pastime that will be interesting for people of all ages - from preschoolers to pensioners. The main thing is to choose a route for yourself "too tough", to choose the right equipment and a fun company.

Ski bases "Snezhinka", "Kaliets" roll several distances of different lengths: walking trails - 0.5 and 2 km, mixed - 3 km and sports - 2.3 km. During the whole season, the bases are open seven days a week, from 10.00 to 18.00. More than 500 pairs of skis are enough for everyone, so there is no time limit. Traditionally, DYUSSHOR organizes its rental in the northern part of Solikamsk. The rental is carried out by two points: at 19a, Yubileyny Ave., and 1g, Builders Ave.

3 Development of other active types of tourism in the Perm region

Active recreation in the Perm region includes hiking, adventure tours, river rafting, cave visits, mountain climbing, biking and skiing tours. Active recreation is a great opportunity to have a good time with the benefit of your health, to get a charge of positive emotions.

The most popular type of recreation for the urban and local population of the Perm Territory is hunting and fishing. Picking mushrooms, berries, medicinal herbs is very common in these areas, so mass trips for the gifts of nature are organized by residents of the regional center, as well as visits to the forest by the local population living in villages and settlements. Fishing and hunting are very popular, which is favored by rich hunting and fishing resources: hunting grounds, places of mass fishing, as well as a fairly developed infrastructure (hunting farms, hunting and fishing societies, bases, clubs, etc.).

Hiking or hiking in English language is called trekking. Hiking is one of the types of sports tourism. As in any hike, tourists spend the night in a tent camp. Cooking takes place on a fire. Walking routes may have different lengths.

Hiking for one or two days is available to anyone. Such trips are an excellent opportunity to get to know nature better, to see a lot of beautiful places and test yourself in overcoming various obstacles.

Some one-day routes presented by travel companies of the Perm region are suitable for year-round use, but most of the time for spending hiking from the beginning of May to the middle of September. The warmest, even hot, and dry weather sets in July. At this time, all mountain rivers have already passed the flood, they, except for the largest ones, are easily forded, the swamps are also slightly dried up.

Rafting on the rivers is one of the types of water tourism. Rafting on the rivers of the Urals and the Kama region is well suited for beginner outdoor enthusiasts.

Travel companies of the Perm region offer the following alloys:

Rafting on the rivers Koiva-Chusovaya

The Koiva River flows in the Middle Urals, on the territory of the Perm Territory. An excellent river for tourist rafting, although rafting on it requires some experience, since there are many obstacles difficult for beginners on the river (rapids, shivers, clamps, trees that have fallen into the water, combined with a fast current).

The name of the river comes from the Komi-Permyak words "koi" - "spray" and "va" - "water". Those who named the river that way noticed its stormy temper. In spring, the current speed in some places reaches 2 meters per second.

The Koiva is a right tributary of the Chusovaya River. The length of the Koiva from source to mouth is 180 kilometers. The water is clean and transparent. The main tributaries of the Koiva are Tiskos, Kyrma, Biser, Big Tyrym, Kusya.

The Koiva River has a mountain character. It is fast, winding, it has a lot of rolls.

The banks of the river are covered with forest, there are few settlements. The largest settlements on Koive are: Teplyaya Gora, Staryi Biser and Kusye-Aleksandrovsky. They are convenient for throwing and throwing. The oldest and largest of them is Kusye-Aleksandrovsky. The iron-working plant at the confluence of the Kusya and Koiva rivers was founded in 1751.

Rafting on the river Usva

The Usva River in the Perm Territory is famous among tourists for its picturesque rocky banks covered with forests.

The Usva is a right tributary of the Chusovaya (flows into it near the town of Chusovaya). Its length is 266 kilometers.

The name of the river comes from the Komi-Permyak words "usny" - "fall" and "va" - "water". That is Usva - "falling water".

There are few settlements on Usva, they can all be easily listed: Srednyaya Usva, Bezgodovo, Gromovaya, Usva, Cape, Bobrovka and, finally, the city of Chusovoi. The largest of them are Usva and Chusovoy.

The water in the river is clean and transparent. Almost everywhere the stones at the bottom are clearly visible.

The river breaks from ice in late April - early May. And from that moment until September, there are always a lot of rafting lovers on the river.

Rafting on the Vishera River

The Vishera River is a river of the Northern Urals, magnificent in its beauty. Every summer, Vishera attracts many tourists from all over the Urals and other regions of the country. It is located in the north of the Perm region.

The length of the river is 415 kilometers (the fifth longest in the Perm Territory). Vishera has two sources - Malaya and Bolshaya Vishera, which flow from the Ural mountains.

The upper reaches of the river are located on the territory of the Vishera Reserve. In the upper reaches of the Vishera, it has the character of a fast mountain river with numerous rifts, and in some places with rapids. Then she becomes calmer.

The phrase "Diamond Vishera" is often found. The river is named so both for its fabulous beauty and for the diamond deposits in its basin.

Hundreds of picturesque cliffs rise along the banks of the river, there are interesting caves. Here you can fully enjoy the magnificent nature of the Urals. At the same time, there are very few settlements on the river.

It is best to start rafting from the villages of Vels or Vaya, and finish in the city of Krasnovishersk. Here the river is suitable for rafting throughout the summer. Rafting down the Vishera in this section is quite simple, there are no serious obstacles here.

Chapter 3. Prospects for the development of active types of tourism in the Perm region

1 The main difficulties in the development of active types of tourism

The Perm Territory has great recreational opportunities for the development of active types of tourism.

The Perm Territory is located in the eastern outskirts of the Russian Plain (about 80% of its territory) and in the western foothills and mountains of the Urals (about 20% of its territory). The relief features of the Perm Territory make it possible to engage in different types cycling tourism and make cycling tours and bike rides attractive. For example, high banks offer stunning views of the rivers.

The climate of the Perm Territory is temperate continental with warm, sometimes hot summers and cold winter. One of the most favorable corners in terms of climatic conditions is the most suitable for cycling routes - the south of the region.

The forests of the region, covering an area of ​​about 12 million hectares, are unique in their beauty, abundance of lakes, richness and diversity of the animal world. About 30 thousand rivers and other water bodies form a dense hydrographic network.

Most of the routes run along the rivers, through magnificent pine forests, interspersed with deciduous forests, through water meadows. The rivers abound with sand spits and convenient parking places.

There are two reserves in the region (Vishersky, Basegi) and more than 100 protected areas. The Perm region has numerous attractions that can arouse interest among tourists.

In the Perm Territory, lovers of cycling tours are waiting for routes full of excursions to various monuments of nature and history.

The extent of the territory, a large number of areas with low population density, the diversity of landscapes and climatic zones, an abundance of natural, historical and cultural attractions created the prerequisites for the development of cycling tourism in the Perm region.

Mass cycling events in the Perm region (gatherings, competitions, rallies, etc.) have not become massive in terms of the number of participants.

Very few mass hiking events are held in the Perm Territory, especially on a national scale, with a bias not towards trained cyclists, but for everyone (like family bicycle rallies over a long distance). The situation is bad with mass races and bike demonstrations. There is not a single long marked cycle path laid along the most interesting places Perm Territory and along the most favorable roads for cycling.

The share of organized cyclists in the Perm region is too small compared to tens of millions of owners of two-wheeled vehicles. There are many reasons for this, but the main one, in our opinion, is that the inhabitants of the Perm Territory have not yet realized the powerful health potential inherent in the bicycle, many do not know how much joy and impressions a regular week-long bike trip can bring. That is why the vast majority of owners of two-wheeled carriages do not connect their vacation with them, because we produce so little equipment for cycling, there are almost no bike paths in the Perm Territory, and tour cycling is not established in any way.

At the present stage, a number of problems identified in the study of the development of ski tourism in the Perm Territory need to be addressed, such as:

imperfect local regulatory - legal framework for the development of the tourism potential of ski tourism;

lack of awareness of an ordinary tourist with the possibilities of recreation or recreation in the Perm region;

unsatisfactory level of marketing of tourism services in the Perm region;

low level of readiness of the tourist infrastructure of the structure to receive tourists;

lack of public sanitary zones and so on.

2 Recreational opportunities and key prospects in the development of active types of tourism in the Perm region

The relevance of the development of active types of tourism in the Perm region is determined by the fact that this area of ​​activity:

self-sustaining, investment attractive, can be developed through the efforts of local entrepreneurship, but requires targeted coordination and incentive regulation;

is considered as a factor in the economic development of the region, based on the use of the historical and cultural heritage of the Perm region as an economic resource;

technological, allows using culture and natural and climatic conditions as the main resource, linking the interests of potential participants;

can become a functional basis for the system of sustainable, non-traditional and dynamic development of the Perm Territory;

Active types of tourism in the Perm Territory can become one of the main types of tourism activities, in a number of regions to create the basis for sustainable development economy. Camping in combination with gaining knowledge in the field of history and geography makes it possible for people who are tired of the impact of the technogenic environment not only to restore the protective functions of the body, but in general - harmony in their worldview; is a promising direction in environmental management, the preservation of culture, education, upbringing and the formation of a worldview.

The organization of tourism activities at the local level allows representatives of local communities, citizens' associations and business circles to participate in solving the problems of sustainable development. Russian specialists note the importance of increasing the activity and self-awareness of the local community, in particular, O.N. Kostryukova notes that modern conditions municipal reform, it is important to introduce the principle of corporatism, which consists primarily in the self-awareness of the territorial society of common political, socio-economic, environmental, cultural and spiritual interests, as well as in creating mechanisms to meet the relevant needs of the population, including through the active participation of the population itself.

Bicycle tourism in the Perm Territory has a great future, which has recently been largely facilitated by the popularity of the bicycle as an economical, fairly fast means of transportation, the possibility of its almost universal use, and the demand for this nature-friendly transport when conducting currently fashionable ecological tours.

Recreation on the move has a number of undoubted advantages, including traveling with a small company over long distances, the absence of exhausting physical activity and the need to carry heavy luggage.

The main tasks of local governments should be to intensify activities for the integrated development of the territory of the Perm Territory, which has significant natural and historical and cultural potential, the development of tourism functions with the preservation and effective use of cultural heritage, environmental protection, and restriction of harmful economic activities. special attention on the part of the municipal authorities, it requires an increase in the efficiency of the use of tourism resources, which is closely related both to the development of tourism infrastructure and to the formation of a system for providing quality services at a European level.

Local governments are entrusted with ensuring the organization of the provision of tourism services at the local level, primarily the implementation of a number of functions: organizational, communicative, coordinating and permitting and controlling (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1

Functions of local governments in the field of tourism development

Function Directions Organizational - creation of systemic conditions; - formation of strategic foundations for the development of local tourism; - activation of the community; - establishment of intersectoral partnership; - formation of infrastructural units Coordinating - coordination of the activities of the subjects of the tourism sector; - Informing and involving the public; - Involvement of mass media; - development of information and marketing companiesControllingCoordination of tourism activities of entities with strategic directions and local development and public policy; - verification of compliance with certification and licensing requirements by subjects of tourism activities

Among the functions of local self-government, such as the creation of systemic conditions and strategic foundations for the development of local tourism, the revitalization of society and the establishment of intersectoral partnerships are relevant.

Conclusion

Active types of tourism are becoming more and more popular. Just a few years ago, there were a couple of hundred thousand extreme sportsmen in the world, and today there are already tens of millions of them.

An active tourist has dozens, maybe hundreds of varieties of activities - from exotic to traditional.

Of course, active types of travel are quite interesting and popular lately, first of all, this is due to the changing living conditions of modern citizens, who lack healthy adrenaline and adventures in everyday life. Russia, in this regard, is an ideal country, since it has invaluable resources for development alternative species travel in your area. In the near future, the prospect of transformation is also seen alternative travel into a more accessible leisure activity.

The Perm Territory has great recreational opportunities for the development of active types of tourism. natural wealth The region has helped to gain the popularity of cycling tourism among fans of outdoor activities and adventure tourism.

The wide possibilities of the Perm Territory in the development of cycling tourism are determined by an extensive network of roads covering its territory fairly evenly. Currently, there is a gradual increase in demand for cycling holidays, an increase in the number of teenagers and young people who know how to ride a bike. Some travel companies are starting to create interesting and high-quality cycling trips.

For residents of the Perm Territory, ski tourism is relevant - the snow lies for half a year, the mountains are nearby, so it is not surprising that from year to year, with the first snow, the ski bases of the Perm Territory are filled with skiers. Ski tourism is very extensive: it includes one-day walks on ready-made ski tracks in the park or in the forest, and multi-day autonomous ski trips. There are no ski slopes in Solikamsk, snowmobile rental is not provided, but if you wish, ordinary skis will give you an unforgettable pleasure.

The main problem that has developed today and hinders the intensive development of the tourism sector is the lack of implemented interdepartmental mechanisms for the formation and promotion of active types of tourism.

List of used literature

Kapilevich L.V., Karvunis Yu.A. Recreational and health-improving and excursion potential of urban cycling// Bulletin of the Tomsk State University. - 2013. - No. 370. - S. 140-143.

Keshchyan V.G., Kugusheva A.N. Analysis of the problems hindering the development of active tourism in Russia // Economic analysis: theory and practice. - 2013. - No. 2. - S. 29-36.

Korostelev E.M. Ecological tourism as a factor of regional development// Russian Journal of Ecotourism. - 2013. - No. 5. - S. 3-9.

Kostryukova O.N. Strategic Management development of tourism in the region: problems of formation of theory and practice// Economics and management. - 2011. - No. 10. - S. 55-58.

Kugusheva A.N. Theoretical aspects of active tourism // Service in Russia and abroad. - 2012. - T. 35. - No. 8. - S. 43-52.

Raskovalov V.P. Resource potential of active tourism in the Perm region // In the collection: Geography and tourism Collection of scientific papers. federal state budgetary educational institution higher professional education "Perm State National Research University". Perm, 2011. - S. 110-123.

The Vishera River [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: #"justify">Koiva River [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: #"justify">Usva River [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: # "justify"> Romanov A. A. Geography of tourism: textbook. allowance / A. A. Romanov, R. G. Saakyants. - M.: Sov. sport, 2002. - 464 p.

Sports tourism [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: sport.permkrai.ru (accessed 05.06.2014)

Starostenko K.V. Development of active tourism in Russia: problems and prospects// Srednerusskiy vestnik obshchestvennykh nauk. - 2011. - No. 2. - S. 183-186.

Official website of the travel agency "Green Wind" [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.zel-veter.ru/catalogue/part/velo (accessed 06/05/2014)

Official tourist site of the Perm Karai [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://old.visitperm.ru/activities/cycling/?ELEMENT_ID=1157

Official site of the tourist club "Ural trails". - Access mode: http://www.uraltropa.ru/

On March 10-11, 2016, one of the most significant events tourism sector of the Perm Territory - International Forum for active tourism.

The forum is held in conjunction with the annual specialized tourist exhibition “Hunter and Fisherman. Active Tourism” at the exhibition center “Permskaya Yarmarka”, in order to consolidate the efforts of the tourism industry, government, professional tourism and academic community to exchange experiences and develop effective innovative solutions in the field of active tourism development, popularization of outdoor activities.

More than 300 Russian and foreign delegates are expected to interact within the framework of the forum. These are representatives of tourism industry facilities, business representatives, authorities, investors, active tourism experts, travel bloggers, journalists and many others who are interested in promoting this tourism sector.

The first International Tourism Forum “Prospects for the Development of Active Tourism in Russia and the World”, held in August 2015, was highly appreciated not only by Russian, but also by foreign experts. The results of the forum showed the high interest of domestic tourism market participants in holding such events.

This year, within the framework of the plenary session and round tables, it is planned to discuss the main directions for the development of active tourism in Russia and the world, the creation and promotion of a competitive tourism product in the field of active tourism, as well as the improvement of the personnel training system.

Experts will discuss and propose solutions to such important issues as the possibility of developing active tourism for people with handicapped health, features of the development of hunting and fishing tourism in Russia, the problems of organizing the education and rehabilitation of children and adolescents through active tourism, the creation of tourist clubs, the experience of tourism veterans, the promotion of regional tourism products at the federal level, and many others.

At the end of the first day, on the talk show "Po-garlic" participants will have the opportunity to witness real battles on the issue of "Self-tourism: Pros and Cons".

The second day of the forum will traditionally be held in an active format at the natural sites of the region. The forum participants will go to the Lunezhskiye Gory natural monument, where the Polazna ski complex of the Central Administrative District is located. There will be a discussion panel on the development of ski and snowmobile tourism: organization, development, the main trends of the modern market, compliance with national standards.