The borders of the states of Central Europe on the map. Overseas Europe map

Foreign Europe is part of the European mainland and several islands, occupying a total area of ​​​​about 5 million square meters. km. Approximately 8% of the world's population lives here. Using the map of Foreign Europe by geography, you can determine the size of this region:

• from north to south, its territory occupies 5 thousand km;
• from east to west, Europe stretched for almost 3 thousand km.

The region has a fairly diverse relief - there are flat and hilly areas, mountains and coastal coasts. Thanks to this geographic location Europe has different climatic zones. Foreign Europe is in a favorable geographical and economic position. It is conventionally divided into four areas:

• western;
• eastern;
• northern;
• southern.

Each of the regions includes about a dozen countries.

Rice. 1. Blue color on the map shows Overseas Europe

Having traveled from one end of Europe to the other, you can visit the eternal glaciers and subtropical forests.

Countries of Foreign Europe

Foreign Europe was formed by four dozen countries. There are other countries on the European mainland, but they do not belong to Foreign Europe, but are part of the CIS.

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Among the countries there are republics, principalities, kingdoms. Each of them has its own natural resources.

Almost all countries have maritime borders or are located at a small distance from the sea. This opens up additional trade and economic routes. The countries of Foreign Europe on the map are mostly small in size. This is especially noticeable in comparison with Russia, China, the USA and Canada. However, this does not prevent them from being among the most highly developed in the world.

Rice. 2. Countries of foreign Europe

Almost the entire population belongs to the group of Indo-Europeans, with the exception of emigrants from other countries. Most of the population preaches Christianity. Europe is one of the most urbanized regions - this means that about 78% of the total population lives in cities.

The table below shows the European countries and capitals, indicating the number of inhabitants and the area of ​​​​the territory.

Table. The composition of foreign Europe.

As you can see, the geographical picture of Foreign Europe is very diverse. The countries included in its composition can be divided into several groups according to their location.

• Inland, that is, without borders with the sea. This includes 12 countries. Examples are Slovakia, Hungary.
• Island, or completely located on the islands, are 4 countries. An example is the UK.
• Peninsular are wholly or partly located on a peninsula. For example, Italy.

Rice. 3. Iceland is one of the island nations of Europe

The most highly developed in economic and technical terms are four European countries - Italy, Great Britain, Germany, France. They are part of big seven along with Canada, Japan and the USA.

What have we learned?

Foreign Europe is a relatively small area of ​​the European mainland, which includes 40 countries. Most of them have maritime borders, some are located on the islands. Geographic location European countries favorable in most cases. Foreign Europe has a connection with the whole world.

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In the East and Southeast (on the border with Asia) border of Europe considered to be the ridge of the Ural Mountains. The extreme points of this part of the world are considered: in the North - Cape Nordkin 71° 08' north latitude. In the south, the extreme point is considered Cape Maroki which is located at 36° north latitude. In the west, the extreme point is considered to be Cape Destiny, located 9 ° 34 'East longitude, and in the east - the eastern part of the foot of the Urals up to about Baidaratskaya Bay, located at 67° 20' East longitude.
The western and northern shores of Europe are washed by the North, Baltic Sea and the Bay of Biscay, and the Mediterranean, Marmara and Azov - deeply cut into from South. The seas of the Arctic Ocean - Norwegian, Barents, Kara, White - wash Europe in the far north. In the southeast, there is the endorheic Caspian Sea-Lake, formerly part of the ancient Mediterranean-Black Sea basin.

Europe is a part of the world, most of which is located in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Strait of Gibraltar separates it from Africa, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles from Asia, the eastern and southeastern conditional border runs along the eastern foothills of the Urals and along the main Caucasian ridge.
Europe as a continent is characterized by the following features. Firstly, it is a large single monolith with Asia, and therefore the division into Europe is more of a historical than physical-geographical nature. Secondly, it is relatively small in area - about 10.5 million square kilometers. (together with the European part of Russia and Turkey), that is, the largest from Canada is only 500 thousand square kilometers. Only Australia is smaller than Europe. Thirdly, a significant part of the territory of Europe consists of peninsulas - the Iberian, Apennine, Balkan, Scandinavian. Fourthly, the mainland of Europe is surrounded by fairly large islands (Great Britain, Svalbard, New Earth, Iceland, Sicily, Sardinia, etc.), which significantly expand its territory. Fifthly, Europe is the only continent that does not occupy the zone of the tropics, which means that the natural diversity climatic zones and vegetation zones here a little lower.

Europe has been and remains an important macro-region in the political, economic and cultural life of the entire planet.
There are 43 independent states within Europe. They are small and fairly compact in size. The largest states in Europe are France, Spain, Sweden, which occupy an area of ​​603.7; 552.0; 504.8; 449.9 thousand km2. is a Eurasian power, occupying an area of ​​17.1 million km2. Only twelve countries have an area from 100 to 449 thousand km2. 19 countries have an area from 20 to 100 thousand km2. The smallest area is occupied by the so-called countries - the dwarfs of the Vatican, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta.
All European countries, with the exception of the Vatican, are members of the United Nations.
For a long time Europe of the XX century. was divided into two parts - East and West. The first included the former so-called socialist countries (Central-Eastern or Central and Eastern Europe), and the second - capitalist (Western Europe). The events of the late 80s and early 90s radically changed the nature of the modern era. The collapse of the socialist system led to the unification of the German lands into a single state (1990), the formation of independent independent states on the territory of the former Soviet Union(1991), the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1992, Czechoslovakia - in 1993 All this should not only be political, but also important economic importance. Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe, as well as the countries of the Adriatic-Black Sea subregion, are gradually creating a market economy.

A new phase of detente, which began in the late 80s and early 90s of the XX century, created a completely new situation. The idea of ​​a common European home from the Atlantic to the Urals has become an objective reality. Conditions have been created for existence various forms integration into different regions Europe, including Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe. The first such "swallow" in the conditions new Europe there was an attempt to create an interstate association back in the early 1990s, which the neighboring states of Austria, Hungary, Italy and the former Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia called "Pentagonalia" (now "Octagonal"). This combination of states with different political and socio-economic status has shown that neighboring states have many common problems(protection environment, use of energy, cooperation in the field of culture, scientific and technical progress). After the collapse of the CMEA, a geopolitical vacuum arose in Central-Eastern Europe. The countries are looking for a way out of it in regional and subregional integration. So, in February 1991, the Visegrad sub-regional association arose as part of Poland, Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia, which aimed to accelerate the entry of these countries into pan-European integration processes.

Shores of Europe heavily indented by bays and straits, there are many peninsulas and islands. The largest peninsulas are Scandinavian, Jutland, Iberian, Apennine, Balkan and Crimean. They take up about 1/4 total area Europe.

The area of ​​the European islands exceeds 700 thousand km2. These are Novaya Zemlya, the archipelago of Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, Great Britain, Ireland. In the Mediterranean Sea there are such large islands as Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia.

In the waters washing the shores of European land, intersect transport routes, which lead to Africa and America, and also connect the countries of Europe with each other.Europe. In the southeast is the undrained Caspian Sea-lake.

Coast of strongly indented bays and straits , there are many peninsulas and islands .The largest peninsula - Scandinavian , Jutland , Iberian , Apennine , Balkan and Crimea .They occupy about 1/4 of the total area of ​​Europe.

European islands area exceeds 700 km2 .This Novaya Zemlya archipelago of Franz Josef Land , Spitsbergen , Iceland , UK, Ireland .In the Mediterranean, there are such large islands as Corsica , Sicily , Sardinia.

In the waters around the coast of the European land transport cross paths that lead to Africa and America , as well as bind Europe together.

If you do not take into account dependent regions and not fully recognized states, then Europe for 2017 covers 44 powers. Each of them has a capital in which not only its administration is located, but also the highest authority, that is, the government of the state.

States of Europe

The territory of Europe stretches from east to west for more than 3 thousand kilometers, and from south to north (from the island of Crete to the island of Svalbard) for 5 thousand kilometers. The European powers are, for the most part, comparatively small. With such small sizes of territories and good transport accessibility, these states either closely border on each other or are separated by very small distances.

The European continent is divided territorially into parts:

• western;
• eastern;
• northern;
• southern.

All powers located on the European continent belong to one of these territories.

• There are 11 countries in the western region.
• In the east - 10 (including Russia).
• In the north - 8.
• In the south - 15.

Let's list all the countries of Europe and their capitals. We will divide the list of countries and capitals of Europe into four parts according to the territorial and geographical position of the powers on the world map.

Western

List of states belonging to Western Europe, with a list of main cities:

The states of Western Europe are washed mainly by currents Atlantic Ocean and only in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula do they border on the waters of the Arctic Ocean. In general, these are highly developed and prosperous powers. But they are distinguished by an unfavorable demographic situation. This is a low birth rate and a low level of natural growth of inhabitants. In Germany, there is even a decline in population. All this led to the fact that developed Western Europe began to play the role of a subregion in the global system of population migration, it turned into the main center of labor immigration.

Eastern

List of states located in the eastern zone of the European continent and their capitals:

The states of Eastern Europe have a lower level economic development than its western neighbors. However, they better preserved cultural and ethnic identity. Eastern Europe is more of a cultural and historical region than a geographical one. The Russian expanses can also be attributed to the eastern territory of Europe. BUT geographic center Eastern Europe is located roughly within Ukraine.

Northern

The list of states that make up northern Europe, including capitals, looks like this:

The territories of the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jutland, the Baltic States, the islands of Svalbard and Iceland are included in the northern part of Europe. The population of these regions is only 4% of the total European composition. most big country the eight is Sweden, and the smallest is Iceland. The population density in these lands is less in Europe - 22 people / m 2, and in Iceland - only 3 people / m 2. This is due harsh conditions climatic zone. But the economic indicators of development distinguish northern Europe as the leader of the entire world economy.

South

And finally the most numerous list territories located in the southern part, and the capitals of European states:

The Balkan and Iberian Peninsulas are occupied by these South European powers. Industry is developed here, especially ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. countries are rich mineral resources. AT agriculture major efforts focused on the cultivation of food products, such as:

• grape;
• olives;
• pomegranate;
• dates.

It is known that Spain is the world's leading country in the collection of olives. It is here that 45% of all olive oil in the world is produced. Spain is also famous for its famous artists - Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miro.

European Union

The idea of ​​creating a single community of European powers appeared in the middle of the twentieth century, or rather after the Second World War. The official association of countries European Union(EU) occurred only in 1992, when this union was sealed by the legal consent of the parties. Over time, the number of members of the European Union has expanded, and now it includes 28 allies. And states that want to join these prosperous countries will have to prove their compliance with the European foundations and principles of the EU, such as:

• protection of the rights of citizens;
• democracy;
• freedom of trade in a developed economy.

Members of the EU

The European Union for 2017 includes the following states:

There are now applicant countries to join this foreign community. These include:

1. Albania.
2. Serbia.
3. Macedonia.
4. Montenegro.
5. Turkey.

On the map of the European Union, you can clearly see its geography, the countries of Europe and their capitals.

Regulations and prerogatives of EU partners

The EU has a customs policy under which its members can trade with each other without duties and without restrictions. And in relation to other powers, the adopted customs tariff applies. Having common laws, the EU countries created a single market and introduced a single monetary currency - the euro. Many EU member states are part of the so-called Schengen zone, which allows their citizens to move freely through the territory of all allies.

The European Union has common governing bodies for member countries, which include:

• European Court.
• European Parliament.
• European Commission.
• The audit community that controls the EU budget.

Despite unity, European states Members of the community have full independence and state sovereignty. Each country has its own national language and has its own governing bodies. But for all participants there are certain criteria, and they must meet them. For example, coordination of all important political decisions with the European Parliament.

It should be noted that since the founding, from European Community only one power left. It was Danish autonomy - Greenland. In 1985, she was outraged by the low quotas introduced by the European Union for fishing. You can also recall the sensational events in 2016 referendum in the UK, when the population voted to leave the country from the European Union. This suggests that even in such an influential and seemingly stable community, serious problems are brewing.

Europe is part of the Eurasian continent. This part of the world is home to 10% of the world's population. Europe owes its name to the heroine of ancient Greek mythology. Europe is washed by the seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Inland seas - Black, Mediterranean, Marmara. The eastern and southeastern border of Europe runs along the Ural Range, the Emba River and the Caspian Sea.

In ancient Greece, it was believed that Europe is a separate continent that separates the Black and Aegean Seas from Asia, and the Mediterranean Sea from Africa. Later it was found that Europe is only part of a huge mainland. The area of ​​the islands that make up the continent is 730 thousand square kilometers. 1/4 of the territory of Europe falls on the peninsulas - the Apennine, Balkan, Kola, Scandinavian and others.

The highest point in Europe is the top of Mount Elbrus, which is 5642 meters above sea level. On the map of Europe with cities, it can be seen that the largest lakes in the region are Geneva, Peipus, Onega, Ladoga and Balaton.

All European countries are divided into 4 regions - Northern, Southern, Western and Eastern. Europe includes 65 countries. 50 countries is independent states, 9 - dependent and 6 -unrecognized republics. Fourteen states are islands, 19 are inland, and 32 countries have access to the oceans and seas. The map of Europe in Russian shows the borders of all European states. Three states have their own territories, both in Europe and in Asia. These are Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. Spain, Portugal and France have part of their territory in Africa. Denmark and France have their territories in America.

The European Union consists of 27 countries, and NATO members - 25. The Council of Europe has 47 states. The smallest state in Europe is the Vatican, and the largest is Russia.

The collapse of the Roman Empire marked the beginning of the division of Europe into East and West. Eastern Europe is the largest region of the continent. In the Slavic countries, the Orthodox religion prevails, in the rest - Catholicism. Cyrillic and Latin scripts are used. Western Europe unites Latin-speaking states. This part of the continent is the most economically developed part in the world. The Scandinavian and Baltic states unite to form Northern Europe. South Slavic, Greek and Romance countries form Southern Europe.

Interactive map of Europe online with cities. Satellite and classical maps of Europe

Europe is a part of the world located in the northern hemisphere of the Earth (on the continent of Eurasia). The map of Europe shows that its territory is washed by the seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The area of ​​the European part of the mainland is more than 10 million square kilometers. Approximately 10% of the world's population (740 million people) lives on this territory.

Satellite map of Europe at night

Geography of Europe

In the 18th century, V.N. Tatishchev proposed to accurately determine the eastern border of Europe: along the ridge of the Ural Mountains and the Yaik River to the Caspian Sea. Currently on satellite map Europe, you can see that the eastern border runs along the eastern foot of the Ural Mountains, along the Mugodzhar mountains, along the Emba River, the Caspian Sea, the Kume and Manych rivers, and also along the mouth of the Don.

Approximately ¼ of the territory of Europe falls on the peninsulas; 17% of the territory is occupied by mountains such as the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Carpathians, the Caucasus, etc. The highest point in Europe is Mont Blanc (4808 m), and the lowest is the Caspian Sea (-27 m). Major rivers the European part of the mainland - the Volga, Danube, Dnieper, Rhine, Don and others.

Mont Blanc Peak - highest point Europe

States of Europe

On the political map Europe, it can be seen that approximately 50 states are located on this territory. It is worth noting that only 43 states are officially recognized by other countries; five states are located in Europe only partially, and 2 countries have limited recognition or are not recognized at all by other countries.

Europe is often divided into several parts: Western, Eastern, Southern and Northern. Western European countries include Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Liechtenstein, Ireland, France, Monaco, Luxembourg, Switzerland and the Netherlands.

Within the territory of of Eastern Europe are Belarus, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland and Romania.

Political map of Europe

In Northern Europe there are Scandinavian countries and the Baltic countries: Denmark, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Finland and Iceland.

Southern Europe is San Marino, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Vatican City, Greece, Andorra, Macedonia, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Malta and Slovenia.

Partly in Europe are countries such as Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. The unrecognized entities include the Republic of Kosovo and the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic.

Danube river in Budapest

Politics of Europe

In the field of politics, the leaders are the following states of Europe: France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy. To date, 28 European states are part of the European Union - a supranational association that determines the political, trade and monetary activities of the participating countries.

Also, many European countries are part of NATO - a military alliance in which, in addition to European countries, the United States and Canada take part. Finally, 47 states are members of the Council of Europe, an organization that implements programs to protect human rights, protect the environment, and so on.

Events on Maidan in Ukraine

For 2014, the main centers of instability are Ukraine, where hostilities unfolded after Russia annexed Crimea and the events on the Maidan, as well as the Balkan Peninsula, where the problems that arose after the collapse of Yugoslavia have not yet been resolved.