Natural climatic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The nature of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - features, description and interesting facts. natural areas. Flora of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

"Ecological problems of the Krasnoyarsk Territory" - Carbon dioxide. Increased consumption of natural resources. The climate of the planet. An increase in the temperature of the atmosphere. Global climate change of the Earth. Consequences of the war. Growth of world population between 1750 and 2000. Task for independent work. Global environmental problems humanity. Characteristic. Global scale of manifestation. Consequences of the greenhouse effect. Excessive public spending.

"Artists of the Krasnoyarsk Territory" - Forget-me-nots in a leaf. Alla Nikolaevna Orlova. Tamara Alekseevna Miroshkina. Explanatory note. Painters. Distinctive features. People's Artist. Hawthorn. Still life and girl. Orlov "Cornflowers". The style of the artist. Orlov "Bird cherry". Valerian Alekseevich Sergin. Painter. Creative biography. Paintings. Miroshkin. Ekaterininsky tract. On the Yenisei Works by Valerian Sergin. Orlov "Pansies".

"Animals of Taimyr" - Nomadic animals. Reindeer are well adapted to harsh conditions Arctic. Lemming desperately resists any enemy. Deer (Rangifer tarandus L.). Squads of mammals. The body of a deer is unusually resistant to lack of salt and hunger. The fur is long and coarse. Each large herd of deer is followed by a kind of "retinue". All winter lemmings live under the snow. Lemming (Myopus schisticolor Lill).

"Animals of the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory" - Polar bear! Red Wolf! Snow Sheep! Animals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, listed in the Red Book!

"Putoransky Reserve" - ​​Mountain arctic deserts. Altitudinal zoning. Putorano Plateau. Forest-tundra. The nature of the reserve. Animal world. Lake Ayan. Mountain tundra. Earth's crust. Square. Lake Ayan. Reserve "Putoransky". Vegetation.

"Lakes of the Krasnoyarsk Territory" - Classification of lakes. Lake Tagarskoye. Animal world of lakes. Water environment a habitat. Lake plants. Distribution of lakes on the territory of the region. Salinity of water. Lake. Study of the concept of "lake". Hydrosphere. Lakes of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Monuments of nature of the regional destination. Get to know the concept.

25 oil and gas fields have been explored in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The big advantage of the region is that these natural resources, as a rule, lie side by side and can be developed simultaneously.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is located mainly within Eastern Siberia, in the Yenisei River basin. Along the left bank of the Yenisei there is a low-lying valley, and along the right bank there is the Central Siberian plateau, the height of which reaches 500-700 m above sea level. In the north, the region is washed by the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. The length of the territory from the north to the mountainous regions of Southern Siberia is almost 3000 km. In the east, the region borders on the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Irkutsk region, in the south - on the Republic of Tuva and the Republic of Khakassia, in the west - on the Republic of Altai, Kemerovo and Tomsk regions, as well as on the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. On the territory of the region in the vicinity of Lake Vivi (Evenkia) is located geographic center Russia.

Geographically (but not administratively) the region includes the Evenki and Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrugs.

The territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory:

2339.7 thousand sq. km (including Evenk Autonomous District and Taimyr Autonomous District).

The number and composition of the population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory:

2942.0 thousand people live in the region (as of 01.01.2004), incl. urban population - 2233.8 thousand people, rural - 708 thousand people. The average population density of the region is 4 times lower than in the Russian Federation and is 1.3 people. per 1 sq. km.

Cities of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk, Yeniseisk, Kansk, Lesosibirsk, Minusinsk, Norilsk, Igarka, Dudinka. The Krasnoyarsk Territory includes 42 districts, 15 cities and 4 ZATOs (closed administrative territorial entities)

The climate of the Krasnoyarsk Territory:

The climate of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is sharply continental, characterized by strong fluctuations in air temperatures throughout the year, especially severe in the north. Due to the large length of the region in the meridional direction, the climate is very heterogeneous. For central and southern regions The region, where the bulk of the population lives, is characterized by a continental climate with long winters and short hot summers.

average temperature January from -30 to -36 ° C in the north and the Central Siberian Plateau and from -18 to -22 ° C in the regions of Yeniseisk, Krasnoyarsk and in the south. Summer in the central regions is moderately warm, in the south - warm. The average temperature in July is from +13 °C to the north (on the coasts of the seas less than +10 °С) to +16-18 °C in the center and up to +20 °C in the south. The duration of the frost-free period is from 73-76 days (Khatanga, Tura) to 103-120 days (Yeniseysk, Krasnoyarsk). Precipitation is predominantly summer. Their number ranges from 200-300 mm per year in the north to 400-600 mm on the Central Siberian Plateau and 800-1200 mm on the northern slopes of the mountains of Southern Siberia; in the intermountain basins of the southern part - 250-300 mm. In most of the region, especially to the north of the Lower Tunguska, permafrost is widely developed.

There are 3 climatic zones on the territory of the region: arctic, subarctic and temperate. Within each of them, changes in climatic features are noticeable not only from north to south, but also from west to east. Therefore, western and eastern climatic regions are distinguished, the border of which runs along the valley of the Yenisei River. The duration of the period with a temperature of more than 10 C in the north of the region is less than 40 days, in the south 110-120 days.

For the central part of the region, predominantly flat, with insular forest-steppes and fertile soils, are characterized by a relatively short hot summer, long Cold winter, rapid temperature change. In the south of the region - warm summers and moderately severe snowy winter. Dry fresh air, abundance sunny days in summer, the healing waters of springs and numerous lakes create favorable conditions for the construction of resorts, sanatoriums and recreation centers.

The average temperature in January is -36 degrees C in the north and -18 degrees C in the south, in July, respectively, +10 degrees C and +20 degrees C. On average, 316 mm of precipitation falls annually, most of it in summer, in the foothills of the Sayan Mountains 600-1000 mm. Snow cover is established in early November and disappears by the end of March. In the mountains of the Eastern and Western Sayan, snow remains in some years all year round. Here the snow lies at an altitude of 2400-2600 m, in the Putorana Mountains - at an altitude of 1000-1300 m.

Climatic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

The climate of the region is sharply continental, although three climatic zones are distinguished on the territory of the region: arctic, subarctic and temperate. Each of them marks their climatic features. Therefore, it is customary to single out the western and eastern climatic regions, the border of which runs along the Yenisei River valley.

In the northern part of the territory - in Taimyr, strong fluctuations in air temperatures during the year are typical, strong winds. The duration of the period with a positive temperature above 10 degrees Celsius here is less than 40 days.

Evenkia has a very cold winter and a warm short summer, but here most of the year there is calm weather.

The main part of the population lives in the central regions of the region, mostly flat and forest-steppe territories. Here there is a long winter period, short hot summers and fast changing seasons. The period with positive temperatures over 10 degrees Celsius lasts 100-120 days, but there are temperature fluctuations from minus 60 degrees Celsius to plus 45 degrees Celsius.

The southern part of the region, predominantly flat territory with fertile soils - the Minusinsk Basin - is characterized by warm summer and a moderately severe winter with little snow, with an average temperature of minus 10 degrees Celsius.

The average January temperature in the Krasnoyarsk Territory was recorded at minus 36 degrees Celsius in the northern territories and minus 18 degrees in the south. The average July temperature in the region is recorded at plus 12 degrees Celsius in the north and plus 23 degrees in the south.

On average, more than 300-320 millimeters of precipitation falls on the territory of the region per year. Snow cover is established in early November and disappears by the end of March. In the mountains of the Western Sayan, precipitation is 600-1000 millimeters. In the mountains, snow in some years remains all year round at an altitude of 2400 - 2800 meters, and in the mountains of the Putorana plateau at an altitude of 1000-1300 meters.

In the Minusinsk basin of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, dry steppe air, an abundance of summer sunny days (exceeding the number of the Crimean Peninsula), numerous healing waters of springs and lakes are noted - all this creates favorable conditions for the construction of resorts, sanatoriums, houses and recreation centers in the region.

natural areas Krasnoyarsk Territory

The region crosses several natural zones: arctic, tundra, taiga (most), forest-steppe and steppe. On the Taimyr Peninsula, in the zones of the Arctic deserts and the tundra, swampy peat soils predominate. Moss-lichen, especially moss, tundra is used as a pasture for deer. To the south of Taimyr stretches a narrow strip of forest-tundra, where, along with the shrub tundra, there are islands of larch forests on weakly podzolic soils and spruce forests on peat-gley soils.

The taiga zone occupies most of the West Siberian Plain and the Central Siberian Plateau, and in the south of the region it merges in places with the mountain taiga forests of the Western and Eastern Sayan. According to the nature of the vegetation, it is divided into northern, middle and southern subzones, in each of which a western, moderately humid province and an eastern, drier one, are distinguished. The northern subzone is dominated by swampy sparse forests of Dahurian larch with an admixture of spruce and birch (northern taiga) on permafrost-gley-podzolic soils. South of the Arctic Circle, shrub and grass-shrub larch forests (middle taiga) dominate on podzolic and permafrost-taiga soils. To the south of Podkamennaya Tunguska (southern taiga), in the western part of the region (mainly along the left bank of the Yenisei, as well as within the Yenisei Ridge), dark coniferous forests (spruce, fir, Siberian cedar pine, Siberian larch), and in the greater east - larch-pine and pine forests of the Angara region on soddy-podzolic frozen soils. Between the taiga zone and the island forest-steppes lying to the south, there is a strip of mixed and small-leaved forests (southern subtaiga), combining the landscapes of taiga and forest-steppe. Island forest-steppes (Achinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kansk), passing to the south into the steppes of the Minusinsk basin, are characterized by flat and hilly-ridged relief, fertile gray forest, chernozem and chestnut soils. In the Western and Eastern Sayan, altitudinal zonality is clearly expressed: mountain forest-steppe along the outskirts of the Minusinsk basin, park larch forests and mountain taiga (fir, spruce, larch, at the upper limit of the forests - cedar pine) are replaced by meadow and mountain-tundra vegetation on the tops of the highest ridges .

Natural resources of the Krasnoyarsk Territory:

Bioresources

The vegetation of the region is rich and diverse and is distinguished by clear meridional and altitudinal zoning. 45% of the territory of the region is covered with forests, which include the northern, central taiga, southern deciduous forests. The south of the region is occupied by a zone of steppes and forest-steppes.

More than 450 species of plants grow on the territory of the region, including industrially valuable species. More than 50% of the region's forests are larch, about 17% - spruce and fir, 12% - pine and more than 9% - cedar. 88% of the forests consist of coniferous species, including 30% of all the country's cedar forests. The area of ​​the forest fund is 168.1 million hectares (69% of the territory of the region), the stock of industrial wood is 14.4 billion cubic meters (18% of the total Russian).

The fauna of the region is diverse and unique (342 species of birds and 89 species of mammals, among the latter the most significant is the population of reindeer, numbering 600 thousand heads). arctic wilderness live a polar bear, a seal, a walrus, a seal, in the tundra - a hare, a reindeer, an arctic fox, a lemming, a white owl, a tundra swan, a partridge, a fox, a red-breasted goose; in the Yenisei taiga - Brown bear, musk deer, sable, weasel, wolverine, lynx, otter; in the southern taiga there are deer, roe deer, badger, mole, sparrowhawk, eagle owl, gray-haired and white-backed woodpecker, chaffinch. The Sayan mountain taiga is famous for its sable lands. In the highlands of the Sayans, there are such rare mammals as the red wolf, snow leopard, Mountain goat, mountain sheep, and from birds - Altai snowcock, mountain snipe, Siberian and mountain finches, red-throated thrush, etc. In the northern regions of the region there are about 60 species of fish. Whitefish, omul, vendace, smelt, and nelma are of commercial importance.

Water resources of the Krasnoyarsk Territory:

The Krasnoyarsk Territory belongs to the prosperous water resources regions of Russia. On the territory of the region there is a natural transport system, consisting of a well-developed river network. This is, first of all, the largest river system in Russia, the Yenisei and its tributaries (Angara, Abakan, Podkamennaya Tunguska, Lower Tunguska), as well as the rivers Pyasina, Taimyr, Khatanga, which flow into the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. In the southwest - the rivers Chulym and Kesh-Ket. One of the largest rivers world - Yenisei. The total length of the river is 4092 km. It originates in Sayan mountains in the geographical center of Asia. The main source of nutrition for the Yenisei is the melted snow waters of the plains and mountainous regions, so the waters of the Yenisei have a slight turbidity. The sources of the Yenisei are the Biy-Khem (Big Yenisei) and Kaa-Khem (Small Yenisei) rivers.

The total number of lakes in the region is 323 thousand, or more than 11% of their number in the country. In the southern part of the region there is a complex of lakes with mineral waters and healing mud. One of the most famous is Lake Tagarskoe. More than 80,000 people receive treatment at existing resorts every year. In the Balakhtinsky region of the region there is the famous Kozhanovskoye carbonic water deposit, which belongs to the type of waters of such famous resorts as Darasun and Kislovodsk. Near the source is a large resort "Krasnoyarsk Zagorye".

From the north, the Krasnoyarsk Territory is washed by the waters of two seas of the Arctic Ocean - the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. A continuous ice cover is kept in the seas for 9 months a year. Despite this, the Northern Sea Route is used for escorting caravans of ships almost all year round, thanks to the icebreaking fleet.

Minerals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory:

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the richest natural resources territories of Russia. The natural reserves of the region are the basis of the investment attractiveness of the region and the basis for its subsequent development. More than 6 thousand deposits of various types of minerals have been discovered in the region. According to their economic purpose, minerals are divided into the following groups: fuel (energy), metallurgical and chemical. The region contains 70% of Russia's coal reserves, and the main Russian reserves of platinum, copper-nickel ores, and Icelandic spar are also concentrated. In terms of gold mining, the region occupies one of the first places in the country. The region has the second largest gold deposit in Russia - Olimpiada. On the territory of the region there are large deposits of lead, apatite and nephelite, molybdenum, copper, titanium-magnesium ores, magnetites, antimony, talc, graphite, etc.

25 oil and gas fields have been explored in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The big advantage of the region is that these natural resources, as a rule, lie side by side and can be developed simultaneously.

Portal of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

“Natural zones of Russia grade 4” - I did not understand my homework, I was not ready for the answer in the lesson. I worked a lot, usefully and well at the lesson. Summarizing. Study. Natural zones of Russia. The world, art, 4th grade. Highlight natural areas. Geographical position, flora and fauna. Test Quiz 3. Practical work.

"Natural zone Desert" - Lizard - round head. Theme of work: "Natural zones of Russia". Inappropriate irrigation. Kolosnyak. The roots of plants are unusually long (up to 20 meters), otherwise how can you get moisture. Juzgun. But as a result of active human settlement, the number has declined sharply. Gerbil. Desert and man. Task for groups:

"Natural zones of Russia grade 8" - A large extent of zones from west to east. Test questions. They are located in the northernmost part of our country. They are found in the high latitudes of the Arctic. Give examples of the interaction of any two components. Tundra and forest tundra. Examination homework. Which of the components of nature determine the appearance of the zone?

"Natural zone steppe" - Jerboa. Locust. Volosnets or grate sandy. Chernotelka. Chernozem. Crossword. Saiga. Mordovnik Russian. Mouse. Beetle - dung beetle. Filly. Field lark. Beauty crane. Steppe birds. Astragalus. Tipchak or Welsh fescue. Onion. Marmot. Scavengers of the steppe. Card - "help" No. 2. Tulip Schrenk.

"Natural areas in Russia" - Polar night. The steppe is like the sea! Livni. Fauna and flora of the steppes. Seal. Lilies of the valley. Polar bear. Forest zone. Plants freeze, leaving only the undersized ones hidden under the snow. The seasons are well differentiated. The harsh climate of the tundra. Long cold winters and short cold summers. Natural zones of Russia.

"Natural zone of deserts" - Upland jerboa. Sagebrush. Reserves. Gerbil. Juzgun. Camelthorn plant. There are many reptiles in the desert. In the desert there are eared hedgehog and a small corsac fox. Kolosnyak. Plan for the study of the natural zone. Mole rat. Geographical position. Deserts are located in the south-west of the country, on the shores of the Caspian Sea.

The region crosses several natural zones: arctic, tundra, taiga (most), forest-steppe and steppe. On the Taimyr Peninsula, in the zones of the Arctic deserts and the tundra, swampy peat soils predominate. Mokhovo - lichen, especially moss, tundra is used as a pasture for deer. To the south of Taimyr stretches a narrow strip of forest-tundra, where, along with the shrub tundra, there are islands of larch forests on weakly podzolic soils and spruce forests on peat-gley soils.

The taiga zone occupies most of the West Siberian Plain and the Central Siberian Plateau, and in the south of the region it merges in places with the mountain taiga forests of the Western and Eastern Sayan. According to the nature of the vegetation, it is divided into northern, middle and southern subzones, in each of which a western, moderately humid province and an eastern, drier one, are distinguished. The northern subzone is dominated by swampy sparse forests of Daurian larch with an admixture of spruce and birch (northern taiga) on permafrost-gley-podzolic soils. South of the Arctic Circle, shrub and grass-shrub deciduous forests (middle taiga) dominate on podzolic and permafrost-taiga soils. To the south of Podkamennaya Tunguska (southern taiga), in the western part of the region (mainly along the left bank of the Yenisei), dark coniferous forests (spruce, fir, Siberian cedar pine, Siberian larch) predominate, and in the large eastern part - larch-pine and pine forests of the Angara region. soddy-podzolic permafrost soils. Between the taiga zone and the insular forest-steppes lying below, there is a strip of mixed and small-leaved forests, combining the landscapes of taiga and forest-steppe. The main forest steppes (Achinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kansk), passing to the south into the steppes of the Minusinsk basin, are characterized by flat and hilly-ridged relief, fertile gray forest, chernozem and chestnut soils. Altitude zonality is clearly expressed in the Western and Eastern Sayan: mountain forest-steppe along the outskirts of the Minusinsk depression, park larch forests and mountain taiga (fir, spruce, larch, cedar pine) are replaced by meadow and mountain-tundra vegetation on the tops of the highest ridges.

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The Great Yenisei and taiga, the Arctic Circle and the Museum of Permafrost, Tunguska and Taimyr - all this is the Krasnoyarsk Territory, one of the most unique corners of our planet. It is here that the geographical center of Russia (Lake Vivi) is located and the extreme northern tip of Eurasia is located. It has its own Moscow (this is the name of one of the mountains in the Sayan mountains, and 99% of the platinum reserves of our country are concentrated here.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory occupies an area 10 times the size of the UK, with a fifth of the region located outside the Arctic Circle. Vegetation and animal world Krasnoyarsk Territory are unique. On the territory of the region there are 30 natural reserves, more than 300 thousand lakes, Bolshaya Oreshnaya is considered the longest cave in Russia, Yenisei - the most deep river, and the Kinzelyuk waterfall is the largest in our country.

Flora of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

The Krasnoyarsk Territory stretched along the Yenisei in the center of the Eurasian continent. In the north of the region, arctic deserts with sparse vegetation prevail. A little to the south, the tundra zone begins, dominated by lichens, mosses and dwarf shrubs. Cereals, cabbage, cloves grow here, poppies are often found from flowers, 15 species of mushrooms, over 70 species of mosses and as many as 89 species of lichens were found.

There are even more mosses and lichens on Tamyr - over 200 species. But among the trees, Daurian larches are most often found.

The tundra is replaced by forest tundra, in the space of which there are rare thickets of deciduous trees.

But more than 70% of the region's territory is occupied by taiga. Majestic, rich in resources, the taiga zone stretches for almost 1300 km along the Yenisei. Larch, spruce, fir, tall taiga pines and unique Siberian cedars grow here. Actually, over 80% of the forests of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are coniferous plants.

The southern part of the region is famous for its chernozem forest-steppes. This territory is the most developed by man, and most of the area of ​​the forest-steppe zone is plowed under the fields.

The forest-steppes border the edges of the steppe, most of which are concentrated in the Minusinsk depression. And in the very south rise the peaks of the Sayans - a mountain system where nature has been preserved in its original form. This is a real oasis virgin nature, carefully wrapped in a taiga cover and thoroughly penetrated by the crystal waters of rivers and lakes.

The most famous nature reserve in this area is "Pillars". Many plants of this region are listed in the Red Book: slippers, orchid, feathery feather grass, May palmate root.

Fauna of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

The fauna of this part of Siberia is incredibly rich. Species diversity gradually changes depending on climate zone. If you group by type, you get the following picture:

Mammals. There are over 90 species of mammals in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In the mountains there are argali, rams, Snow leopards, in the north - polar bears and reindeer, in the steppe - shrews, wolves, hares, lynxes, ground squirrels and wolverines. But, of course, most of the mammals in the taiga are sable, arctic fox, ermine, squirrel, fox, which are of commercial importance. On Stolby you can meet truly taiga animals - deer and elk, musk deer and martens live here, white hare and brown bears are found.

There are over 400 species of birds in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. These are storks and petrels, loons and geese, woodpeckers and cranes, swifts and flamingos. Of commercial importance are chicken, different kinds geese, plovers, pigeons and pelicans.

But there are few reptiles in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Only 4 species of snakes are known (vipers, snakes, snakes and muzzles) and 2 species of lizards (viviparous and nimble).

Amphibians are also sparingly represented. The most common are newts, frogs, toads and Siberian salamanders.

On the other hand, the ichthyofauna of the Krasnoyarsk Territory includes more than 50 species of fish, of which 22 are of commercial importance. The region is especially famous for salmon, smelt, carps, catfish, cod and pikes. Sturgeons, lampreys and catfish are caught here, and omul, breams, carps and ides are caught on Baikal.

Unfortunately, the deterioration of the ecological situation has led to the fact that more than 140 species of representatives of the fauna of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are currently listed in the Red Book. The rarest animals of the region, which once were its pride, now live only in reserves. These are red wolves, ibex, snow leopards, herring whales, fin whales, Siberian roe deer. Marals and Siberian sturgeon are also under the threat of extinction.

Climate in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

The climate in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is sharply continental, since most of the territory is located far from the seas and oceans. There are three climatic zones in the region: temperate, arctic and subarctic. Therefore, the change of seasons occurs in different ways, depending on the climatic zone, proximity to the Arctic Circle and the proximity of the mountains.

In the north of the region, winter lasts a long time, and there are no more than 40 days a year when the air temperature warms up to +10 ° C. Such a short summer. And the cities of Igarka, Norilsk and Dudinka are generally referred to as points of the Far North.

Spring is short, but very stormy, filled with sunlight and the intoxicating aroma of flowering plants.

In the central part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, summer also does not last long, but in this region it is hot. In general, this part of the region is characterized by sharp temperature changes.

In the south of the region, summers are hot, and winters, although long, have little snow and are not so severe.