Forecast 3 verb forms. Regular and irregular verbs in English. How forms of English verbs are formed

The main difficulty with English verbs is that in English there is no rule by which their past form is formed. And worse, there is no logic in her education.

To use these verbs in the past tense, you need to memorize them. Moreover, many irregular verbs have two different forms past tense. To do this, you will need constant practice, which you can get in Easy Speak English courses for adults.

Since when using irregular verbs you will come across the concepts of “verb forms” more than once, in the article we will look at what they are.

What are English verb forms?

A verb is an action that someone/something does. For example: lie down, run, jump, swim.

All English verbs are divided into regular and irregular. To know whether a verb is correct or incorrect is necessary in order to use it in the past tense.

In Russian, we add "l" at the end to put the verb in the past tense.

Present tense: reading, writing, walking, swimming.

Past tense: read, wrote, walked, swam.

In English, some verbs are formed according to the rules, while others are not. I think you have already guessed that this is the difference between regular and irregular verbs.

Regular verbs in English (regular verbs)- these are those verbs, the past form of which is formed according to the rules, by adding the ending -ed.

For example

work - worked,
work - worked.

Irregular verbs in English (irregular verbs)- these are verbs, the past form of which is formed not according to the rules. At the same time, there is no logic in her education.

For example

buy - bought,
buy - bought.

One of the main difficulties for learners is that there is no rule by which to determine whether a verb is regular or irregular. You can find this out only by looking it up in a dictionary or by memorizing it.

The verb form is how the verb changes depending on the time of use.

Both regular and irregular verbs have 3 forms.

English verb forms

All verbs have 3 forms.

First form verb is the verb itself in the present tense, in the initial form.

For example

(to) work - work,
(to) do - do,
(to) buy - buy.

Second form verb is a verb in the past tense (this form is used in all simple past tenses).

worked - worked,
did - did
bought - bought.

Third form of the verb- this is a verb in the past tense, which also carries the signs of an object (this form is used in the tenses of the Perfect group).

worked - worked,
done - made,
bought - bought.

Note: of course, when using the 3rd form in our speech, we do not translate it so literally, but translate it in the usual past tense.

For example

I have done my homework.
I did my homework (literally: I did my homework).

How forms are formed English verbs?

For regular verbs, both forms of the past tense are formed according to the same rule, so attention is usually not focused on them.

To form the 2nd and 3rd form, we add the ending -ed to the verb.

Work - worked - worked.

For irregular verbs, the 2nd and 3rd forms can:

• match with each other.

Have-had-had,
have - had.

• differ.

Do-did-done,
do - done.

This is precisely the whole complexity of irregular verbs. To use all 3 forms correctly, you need to memorize them.

Let's take another look at the table of formation of 3 forms of verbs.

Table of verb forms in English.

In the article, we examined the most popular ways to memorize irregular verbs and chose the most effective one.

Verb- this is independent part speech that answers the questions what to do?, what to do? (be, learn, dream, go…)

According to the way of formation of past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all verbs of English language are divided into 2 groups: regular (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).

The English verb has three forms. The verb forms are denoted by Roman numerals I, II, III.

I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) - make - the first, or main form that answers the question what to do ?, what to do? With the help of the first form of the verb, the Present Simple Tense is formed. When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it - he, she, it) -s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With the rest of the pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they), the I form of the verb is used unchanged.

II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem –ed(jump - jumped - jump - jumped) . If the verb is not regular, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be - was / were, do - did, make - made).

III form- Participle II (Participle II) - a special form of the verb that denotes a sign of an object by action and answers the questions of an adjective (lost, baked, made). For regular verbs III, the form coincides with II: jump (I) - jumped (II) - jumped (III) (jump - jumped - jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem – ed (- d), which is pronounced like:

• [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) - cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
• [ t] after the deaf: to work (work) - worked (worked), to look (watch) - looked (looked);
• after [d] and [t]: to want (want) - wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) - mended (repaired).

When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:

• If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) - sto pped(has stopped).
• -y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (learn) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, which is preceded by a vowel, then the stem of the verb is simply added - ed: to play (play) - played (played), to stay (stay) - stayed (stayed).
• If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then the II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) - arrived (arrived).

Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles, their forms do not have a clear education algorithm and are learned by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (done) - made (done). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in Old English. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical systems of conjugation (changing the verb by person - I'm coming, you're coming, he's coming...).

Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), the present perfect (Present Simple), the past perfect tense (Past Perfect), in the passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect (Reported speech), in conditional sentences ( conditional sentences).

table of irregular verbs

How to remember forms of irregular verbs?

Irregular verbs in English have 3 forms. The first is the infinitive or initial form (as the word is written in the dictionary), the second is used to form the Past Simple tense, and the third is the past participle (used to form the Perfect tenses, passive voice and some other forms).

Often students ask the question: how many irregular verbs are there in English? Various educational resources provide different options, and sometimes the lists are up to a thousand words! But don't be afraid: there are about two hundred main verbs, and it is absolutely realistic to learn them, and the number of words often increases due to the fact that words with the same stems are included in the list. For example, the verb "make": make - made - made and the verb "remake": remake - remade - remade are often considered separate words, although the prefix "re" is just added.

Verbs can be taught simply alphabetically, or they can be divided into several groups according to the formation of the second and third forms, which are similar for many verbs. Below are the verbs divided according to this principle.

Invariable verbs:

Verbs with the same second and third forms

Verbs with the same second and third forms ending in -t

–ught verbs

Verbs with -d changed to -t

Verbs with a vowel change: i - a - u

Verbs with the same first and third forms

Verbs with a double consonant in the third form

Verbs with a short vowel in the second and third forms

Verbs with -e- in the second form and third form in -wn

Verbs with a third form ending in –en

If you have reached the study of verbs, then you have already gone through a lot. But there is still a long road to perfection ahead. The temporary system is based on such a distinction between this part of speech, as correct and incorrect. It is about the latter that we will talk and explain how to quickly learn irregular verbs.

So, we already know that with the passage of time, foreign conquests or other interactions of people, the English language also did not stand aside. This is especially true for verbs. If we study tenses, then we have to delimit according to this category. Irregular Verbs are found in almost every one of them.

Forms of irregular verbs in English

Where to begin? From acquaintance. What types are, when and how they are used. Indeed, when reading a rule, you often stumble upon the expression 2nd form, 3rd. And what is it, we will now consider. Once again, it is worth recalling that there are 3 forms of irregular verbs (some linguists distinguish four).

First form is it an infinitive or first column of the table. It is in this form that the verb is used in the dictionary: run, swim, give. It is used in Present Simple, Future Simple, interrogative and negative sentences past simple.

The second form is this is the simple past tense (Past Simple): ran, swam, gave (second column). In this form, irregular English verbs are used in Past Simple (with the exception of interrogative and negative sentences).

Third form- this is the past participle (Past Participle or Participle II): run, swun, given. This form is the most commonly used verb. In tenses perfect, at all times Passive Voice. You will find it in third column of the table.

fourth form is the present participle (Present Participle or Participle I): running, swimming, giving. It is used by the times of the group Continuous and Perfect Continuous. Not all tables contain a fourth column, only some.

When considering sentences with irregular verbs, pay attention to the tense.

How are the main irregular verbs of the English language formed?

It is impossible to clearly determine that these words change in this way, and others - the second or third. But it is still possible to trace a certain trend, and then it will not be a set of words and incomprehensible forms.

1. By changing the vowel at the root of the word: meet - met - met; begin - began - begun.
2. Changing the root and adding a suffix: speak - spoke - spoken; give - gave - given.
3. The ending changes: send - sent - sent; build-built-built.
4. And some verbs are the same in all forms: cut - cut - cut; put - put - put.

How to learn irregular verbs?

Everyone has their own methodology, their own way, which has its pros and cons. But I would like to start by saying a few generally accepted facts. First, learn all three forms at once and with translation. Irregular verbs with translation can be found in almost any grammar book, dictionary, online resources and on our website. The entire table can be downloaded. Don't learn 10 at once, take 5, spread over 3-4 days, do the exercises. Many teach in a row, alphabetically, some in groups (depending on the method of education). I find the second one to be more efficient and easier. Therefore, we will break all the irregular English verbs into groups.

1. Match completely

2. The second and third forms coincide - p-t

3. Matches the second and third forms - d-t

4. The root vowel changes - ew - own

5. A group of verbs with different root vowels

6. Endings aught/ought

7. Vowel alternation

8. Vowel alternation + en ending

9. Alternation, ending en, doubling the consonant

10. The second and third forms coincide

11. Have two options

12. Completely different shapes

Remembering irregular verbs in English at first seems difficult, tedious. But believe me, if you do not reset yourself, learn from the groups that we have provided, you will easily master them. And this is very important! All irregular verbs are very often used in speech. Learn grammar and expand vocabulary.

Here you can find a table of irregular English verbs with translation into Russian and transcription, videos on learning and memorizing irregular verbs, links.

In English, there is a special category of verbs that does not follow the generally accepted rules when forming the past participle. They are called "wrong". Unlike “regular” verbs, to which the ending –ed is attached to form the past participle, these verbs either remain unchanged or take on unusual forms that are not always easy to remember. For example:

put - put - put;
drive - driven - driven.

If the first verb is easy to learn and use in sentences, then the second has to be learned directly by memorization.

Where did such difficulties with some verbs come from? Scientists have come to the conclusion that these are some kind of "fossils" that have remained in the language since ancient times. During its development, the English language has a large number of words from other European languages, but some words remained unchanged. Irregular verbs fall into this category.

Table of irregular English verbs:

Video on learning and memorizing irregular English verbs:

Top 100 irregular verbs in English.

In this video, the author analyzes the most popular irregular verbs in English (top 100 compiled by himself). Examples are given for all irregular verbs, voice acting, etc. The most used irregular verbs come first, followed by the less used ones.

Pronunciation of irregular English verbs.

British Irregular English Verbs. The author makes it possible to repeat after him and thus hone the correct pronunciation of irregular verbs.

Learning irregular English verbs with the help of rap.

An interesting video for learning irregular English verbs superimposed on rap.

Examples of the use of irregular verbs: