Abnormal cold or heat: What will the coming winter be like. Cold rebellion: why people in Ukraine freeze before winter

Weather is a combination of constantly changing meteorological elements and atmospheric phenomena observed in a particular location. If the concept of "climate" refers to the average state of the atmosphere over a period, then "weather" is the current state of affairs.

Weather plays an important role in human life, even influencing history. Suffice it to recall the migrations of peoples, strong winds crushed mighty armadas. People are trying as much as possible to study nature in order to be able to predict weather changes. Predictions about whether tomorrow will be warm or cold, whether it will rain or whether the sun will shine, have been around for thousands of years.

But on a scientific basis, they began to be made only from the nineteenth century. We scold the forecasters for their mistakes, but we still listen and study the weather forecasts. In addition, there are a lot of well-known folk signs about the weather, some of which are still nothing more than a myth.

If there are few stars in the sky, it will soon rain. According to this belief, the many stars in the night sky indicate that the coming day will certainly be sunny. A small number of them indicates the coming rain. In fact, this is not entirely true. The fact is that the absence of stars in the sky only means that there are clouds in the sky. Yes, to some extent this may mean future precipitation, but such a phenomenon cannot be considered an unambiguous criterion. After all, the clouds move quite quickly, by the morning they may simply not remain.

If the leaves show their lower part, then it will rain soon. Forecasters believe that usually such a sign is true, although in this case we are not talking about all the trees. Poplar has long been considered a reliable predictor. Any increase in air humidity leads to softening of the leaf body and its subsequent eversion.

Animals are the first to feel the approach of storms and cataclysms, especially dogs. The thing is that some animals are more sensitive to pressure drops in the air. The sensitive hearing of the dog allows it to hear the distant rumble of thunder before its owner. Scientists believe that indeed the sensitivity of animals allows them to react to the upcoming earthquake and tsunami a few seconds earlier than humans. But the statement that before the storm, dogs start eating grass is false. Such behavior may only indicate that the dog is sick or just a coincidence.

If seabirds start to walk on the sand, then the weather will soon deteriorate. It is true that seabirds, sensing the approach of rain, think it best for them to stay close to land. After all, they are well aware of the pressure drops in the air. But it is not worth focusing entirely on their behavior. If you notice a group of birds gathered on the beach, then the rain has most likely already begun.

Pain in the legs, arms, and back testifies to future changes in the weather. Some people are confident that they can predict precipitation based on their own painful sensations in certain parts of the body. This may indeed be due to the fact that the fall atmospheric pressure leads to a slight dilation of blood vessels. So the approaching rain or storm has such an effect on the joints, spines, muscles and sinuses. But this is just a theory, which some doctors are very skeptical about.

To find out the temperature of the air, you need to listen to the cricket. There is an example that you can find out the air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit by counting the number of clicks of this insect in 14 seconds. Then 14 more must be added to the result. Although the exact formulas are constantly changing, this one remains the most popular. The most amazing thing is that this approach actually works. After all, the metabolism of crickets is largely dependent on weather conditions.

When a spider weaves its webs in the morning, it indicates good weather during the day. If the insect destroys its creation, then it will soon rain. According to this belief, spiders anticipate the coming of rain by escaping from prepared nets. But such a statement is rather doubtful. The fact is that the spider has enough other warnings to change its behavior when predicting future weather.

Winter has not really begun yet, and a large-scale energy emergency has already happened in Ukraine. The cold came, and almost two dozen cities of the country were without gas and heating. Basically, we are talking about regional centers - cities with 50-100 thousand people, but the most big problems- in the industrial center of Krivoy Rog. The city is knocked out from the general mass by the number of freezing, size (630 thousand people) and the scale of events. If before that Ukraine knew food riots, then the first cold one happened in Krivoy Rog. Why for hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians the cold has become a problem, Izvestia figured it out.

Everyone is warm!

There have always been certain difficulties with the organization of the heating season in Krivoy Rog. There are several important reasons for this. The large industrial center of Krivoy Rog is the "longest" city in Ukraine, 126 km from the southwestern to the northeastern outskirts. One enterprise is simply not able to provide heat for such distances, the city is heated by several structures at once, but even this does not save. Now in Ukraine it is hard for everyone to pay gas bills, but in Krivoy Rog, due to high infrastructure costs, the tariff for the population turned out to be sky-high.

“Shepherds, Vasilkov, Shepetovka... Already now the heating tariff there is going through the roof - up to 50 hryvnias per square meter(121 rubles, in Kyiv the tariff is one and a half times lower. - Izvestia), and, for example, in Krivoy Rog, it’s even 70 hryvnias (170 rubles. - Izvestia). And then it will be even more expensive (after the price of gas rises again in May 2019 and in January 2020 - Izvestia), ”explained the order of prices in a comment to Strana.ua former minister Housing and communal services Alexey Kucherenko.

The second problem follows directly from the first. Due to the fact that the cost of heating here is more than twice the capital, the residents have accumulated large debts to the Kryvyi Rih thermal power plant. As a result, Naftogaz Ukrainy set a strict condition: the city will receive nominations (confirmation of the supply of gas volumes and permission to withdraw it) only when it covers this debt. As a result, as reported by the city authorities, as of November 10, 2,011 houses, 78 schools, 75 kindergartens, 22 hospitals, 30 social and cultural facilities (including the Rehabilitation Center for Children with Disabilities and an orphanage) remained without heat in Krivoy Rog. The ultimatum expired on November 11, and by that date the debt had not been repaid. Therefore, it was on this day that, as they say, exploded - Naftogaz of Ukraine ordered Kryvorizhgaz to suspend gas supply even to those few boiler houses that by that time were working, heating hospitals and maternity hospitals.

Taken by force

Today, the situation in Krivoy Rog is called a "gas riot", which is a little wrong. The Kryvorizhskaya CHPP was the first to refuse to obey, launching part of the power units in violation of the instructions of Kryvorizhgaz. And actually starting unauthorized gas extraction from the pipe.

“As soon as Naftogaz allows the supply of gas, the Krivoy Rog Heating Plant will be connected. So far, two state-owned state-owned enterprises cannot agree. Kryvorizhgaz is not a party to the conflict or negotiations,” the press service of the enterprise tried to withdraw. But, apparently, the comment of one of the CHP representatives on November 11 played a decisive role. They say that we have partially turned on, but the gas workers can cut off our gas at any moment.

Therefore, on the morning of November 12, Kryvorizhgaz was simply taken by storm. Everything was as it should be, in the best traditions of "Euromaidan" - with burning tires, power input. First, a group of negotiators came to the enterprise, presenting to the management a court decision with a ban on blocking gas supplies to the city (judges are also people and also freeze). There, once again, they bowed to their status as performers and demanded payment guarantees from the city, not listening to completely logical arguments: if frosts suddenly hit, then Alchevsk will repeat in Krivoy Rog (in the winter of 2006, due to an accident, heating in Alchevsk, Luhansk region, had to be turned off, - why the water in the heating system froze and the system completely failed. - "Izvestia"). The only difference is that the population of Alchevsk is six times smaller, not to mention the size of the city.

When the arguments did not work, the negotiators turned to threats: “If there is no heat from the fifth boiler house, people will warm themselves in this building until the heating is turned on. We'll go in through the doors, through the windows, whatever, and your guards won't stop us. We have our normal guys standing a little further away. Let's burn tires. Not the best solution, I understand, but this is not to scare you, but so that the whole country can see what is happening in Krivoy Rog, ”the Ukrainian Komsomolskaya Pravda quotes a representative of the Kryvbas volunteer battalion.

Well, actually, they went. Already in the afternoon, the boiler houses were turned on to full capacity, without waiting for the local thermal power plant and Naftogaz to settle everything contentious issues. True, it has not become warmer yet: according to the testimonies of the townspeople, the batteries in the houses of local residents are barely warm. Ivan Kary, director of the city's infrastructure development department, explains: heating is a difficult and slow process. The houses are already cold. And now it will take 2-3 weeks for them to warm up. This can be accelerated only on an individual basis - by additionally heating the apartments with heaters.

Naftogaz, however, indicates that it is not only about debts: “... the enterprise (Krivorozhskaya CHPP. - Izvestia) is officially in the process of bankruptcy proceedings, and the arbitration manager must give consent in order to conclude these agreements.” We are talking about contracts for the supply of gas. And they can be concluded only by paying off debts or at least agreeing a payment schedule with Naftogaz. And since the thermal power plant is going bankrupt, then what kind of calculations and schedules are there. In general, a vicious circle and a city of 600,000 are essentially held hostage.

The pro-government media defend the version of a planned riot by the city authorities. The fact is that the mayor of Kryvyi Rih is named Yuriy Vilkul - he is the father of Alexander Vilkul, one of the contenders for the nomination as a presidential candidate from the "United Opposition" (former "Party of Regions"). But Kryvorizhgaz (and, therefore, Naftogaz) may not be happy either: the National Police of Ukraine has already opened criminal proceedings on the fact of the lack of heat in the city. The cops are cold too.

"Do not drown" as the norm

The scandal in Krivoy Rog was the loudest, and the media today writes mainly about it for all the reasons listed: the size of the city, the assault, the connection with the elections. However, in fact, Krivoy Rog is an absolutely ordinary case in recent days.

On November 12, the City Council of the 80,000th Smila (Cherkasy region) announced a regime state of emergency. Everything is standard: without heat, not only sleeping areas, but also kindergartens and hospitals. And not only a resident of Kiev, but also a resident of Krivoy Rog will faint from the tariff: 86 hryvnia per square meter (208 rubles. - Izvestia), which at the output gives more than 9,500 rubles for heating a two-room Khrushchev. Only schoolchildren are satisfied - before the start of the heating season they were transferred to distance learning.

Shepetovka (Khmelnitsky region) - the same as a carbon copy. In Pavlograd (Dnipropetrovsk region), on November 13, the heating season nevertheless began - they were able to borrow money from the region and settled with Naftogaz. In Kherson, the situation is slightly different: there are mostly kindergartens and schools left without heating.

True, there are also urban-type settlements and villages. There is no central heating - each house has its own stove or boiler. But there are schools and kindergartens. And it's cold there. Activist Ruslan Bizyaev writes about one such village on Facebook: “Tomorrow classes will be resumed at the school in the form of individual-group consultations (10-minute lessons). Dress children very warmly, in class +6, ”he quotes an ad from a school in the Gvardeyskoye urban-type settlement. Dnipropetrovsk region. How many such villages and towns throughout Ukraine - no one will say.

Why assaults are useless

It is noteworthy that it makes no sense to take gas institutions by storm. Oblgazy and gorgazy are really just executors, the so-called operators of gas distribution networks (GDS). They themselves do not sell gas, but only manage gas pipelines of local importance. Their task is to supply gas to those who produce heat for the city. And this gas can be bought either from Naftogaz or from a private supplier.

Since about 2015, Naftogaz has refused to sell gas to cities until they pay off their debts from last season. That is, problems with the beginning of the heating season have happened before, but the situation in the country has become critical only this year. Firstly, the debts have grown to such values ​​that the cities can no longer re-borrow from the region. Secondly, this year Naftogaz for the first time received the official right to refuse gas supplies to debtors. GDS operators receive a command: do not turn on the gas to the city, seal the valves. And they cannot fail to execute this command.

In this situation, the city has two options. You can take the gas by force. Or you can spit on Naftogaz and buy from someone else. But in reality, both will not lead to anything.

“As a result, Kryvorizhgaz will not serve the city, emergency services are not working, since the enterprise has been blocked,” recalls Dmitry Marunich, co-founder of the Institute of Energy Strategies. And non-functioning emergency services at the beginning of the season - this is actually a sentence. Worn-out pipes do not withstand pressure and are torn, only now there will be no one to repair them.

The second method is also ineffective. Other suppliers sell gas at 11.5-12 thousand hryvnias (29 thousand rubles - Izvestia) per thousand cubic meters, they do not have benefits for the population. This is precisely why the receipts of the residents of Krivoy Rog and Smila have such cosmic numbers, economic journalist Alexander Dubinsky writes on Facebook. And if in past years it was difficult for the residents of these cities to pay even at the “preferential” prices of Naftogaz, then what can we say about market prices. For example, as noted above, only for heating a two-room Khrushchev building with an area of ​​​​46 square meters. m in Smila at a rate of 86 hryvnia per square meter will have to pay almost 9,600 rubles. This is almost equal to the minimum wage and 1.7 times the average pension.

“We definitely need to sit down at the negotiating table with problematic cities, it is possible to give them subventions from the government, some guarantees of payment to Naftogaz (this is problematic, Naftogaz is already suing the government over UAH 6.6 billion in compensation for gas supplies population - "Izvestia"). That is, it is necessary to solve the problem here and now, to give people warmth. And then think about how to change the established order, in which Naftogaz can simply refuse gas to dozens of cities. After all, debts also arise for various reasons, in the same Smela, millions of hryvnias paid by the townspeople for heat last season were simply stolen. In addition, the main debtors are not Smela and Krivoy Rog at all. The same Kyiv owes more than two billion hryvnias, Odessa - more than 1 billion hryvnias, Lviv and Kharkiv - 629 million hryvnias each, and so on. But unlike the regional centers, they will not be turned off, because this is a sentence for the authorities,” Dmitry Marunich tells Izvestia.

There are many guilty, but there is no one to ask

Figuring out who is to blame for this situation is even more difficult. This is the Naftogaz company - a state-owned company and a (virtual) monopoly, at least for the population. But it behaves at the same time as an ordinary commercial structure. Top management receives huge bonuses based on profits. For the sake of profit, the management did not stop even before spoiling relations with Gazprom forever. What can we say about turning off the gas to several hundred thousand Ukrainians?

But on the other hand, these are heat supply companies. There are 11 thousand houses in Kyiv and each of them has a house heat meter. You can immediately see who paid how much, it is easier to work with debts. In the regions, such companies have worse accounting - it’s easier to “twist” the tariff in their favor.

This is the government - there is immediately a bunch of questions, for 4.5 years a lot of things have accumulated. There is also a quarrel with Gazprom, because of which Naftogaz now buys fuel with a European mark-up, and the population is forced to pay for it. And in general, spoiled relations with the Russian Federation, which led to market losses, a shortage of foreign exchange reserves and the need to go into bondage to the IMF. Finally, the government tritely deceives people with subsidies. Three years ago, when gas prices rose for the first time, subsidies were promised to anyone whose utility bills would be above a certain percentage of income. But now it has come with so many caveats and conditions that even the poorest can't always get it. And for 2019, the government decided to allocate only 50 billion hryvnias for subsidies (70 billion in 2018), although experts warned that at the new gas prices, at least 90 billion would be needed.

That is, there are many to blame, which means that no one is personally to blame for this situation. But in the end, with the exception major metropolitan areas(and even then with certain reservations), in the place of the inhabitants of Krivoy Rog or Smela, there may be a resident of any city in Ukraine.

We have quite specific sensations associated with these terms. Practically, without hesitation, any of us can give a completely unambiguous assessment - whether he is warm or cold. But at the same time, one does not need special observation to notice that this assessment is very subjective. The same temperature conditions are evaluated differently by different people. Even the same person, but at different points in time, sometimes gives an unequal assessment of the same temperature conditions. external environment.

Since our body is a wonderful thermostat, that is, it keeps its temperature within very limited limits, it is precisely in order to maintain this constancy that the processes of heat production and heat transfer must change depending on temperature. environment and other conditions affecting the state of the heat balance. And it should be noted that these thermostatic mechanisms work great. Not without the help, of course, of technical devices (clothes and some others), but the body temperature remains constant (+35 ... +37 degrees Celsius) with fluctuations in the ambient temperature in the range of more than 100 degrees Celsius. It is clear that such a perfect regulation of the constancy of body temperature is possible only with the ability to very finely capture fluctuations in the temperature of the environment.

This ability, that is, the ability to perceive the parameters of the thermal environment, to form the appropriate subjective sensations and thermoregulatory reactions, is carried out due to a very well-developed fine temperature sensitivity.

The temperature sensory system is usually considered as part of the skin analyzer, and there are good reasons for this. First, the receptors for this afferent system are located in the skin. Secondly, as many studies show, they cannot be separated from tactile receptors. And thirdly, the conducting paths and centers of tactile and temperature sensitivity also coincide significantly. However, this does not mean at all that there is a similarity in sensations. Not at all, tactile and temperature sensitivity are quite clearly distinguished subjectively, as well as according to some objective indicators - conditioned reflex and electrophysiological.

Even at the end of the last century, the existence of areas in the skin that are selectively sensitive to the action of heat and cold was very convincingly shown. They are located very unevenly. Most of them are on the face, especially on the lips and eyelids. And this feature of localization is inherent not only in humans, but also in many animals, extending also to a certain extent to tactile sensitivity. Scientists believe that the high sensitivity of skin receptors in the facial part of the head should be connected with the general phylogenetic course of development of the head end of the body and the corresponding neuroreflex apparatus.

Special studies have found that total number there are about 250 thousand points of cold on the entire surface of the body, and only 30 thousand of heat. It is not so easy to establish which receptors perceive temperature stimuli, because there are many sensitive elements in the skin, the irritation of which leads to sensations of touch, pressure, and even pain. The study of the reaction time to thermal and cold effects and comparison of the obtained data with the thermal conductivity of the skin led to the conclusion that thermal receptors lie at a depth of about 0.3 mm, and cold - 0.17 mm. These calculated values ​​were in very good agreement with the average depth of location of nerve endings such as Ruffini's bodies and Krause's terminal flasks. That is why it is widely believed that they are the temperature receptors. Moreover, it is shown that irritation of Ruffini's bodies leads to a sensation of heat, and Krause's flasks - of cold. At the same time, it was found that skin areas in which only free nerve endings were located were also sensitive to temperature effects.

More clear are the facts obtained in the electrophysiological study of nerve fibers carrying afferent impulses from temperature receptors. And by the nature of this impulsation, one can indirectly judge the properties of receptors. In particular, it turned out that in a state of thermal equilibrium, that is, at a stable temperature, thermoreceptors send their discharges with a certain constant frequency, depending on the absolute temperature. At the same time, fibers that respond to temperature changes in the range from +20 to +50 degrees Celsius are associated with thermal sensations. The maximum impulse frequency is observed in them at +38 ... +43 degrees Celsius. Cold fibers "work" at a temperature of +10...+41 degrees Celsius with a maximum at +15...+34 degrees.

It should be noted that both cold and warm receptor structures adapt very weakly. This means that at long acting constant temperature, or rather, at a constant temperature of the receptors themselves, the frequency of the impulses they send remains unchanged. It is quite possible even to detect a functional relationship between these two indicators - temperature and impulsation. This implies a very important position for understanding the physiology of thermoregulation - heat and cold receptors are sensors of absolute temperature, and not its relative changes. However, everyone knows well that, judging by our feelings, we perceive much better just relative changes temperature. And this indicates more complex neurophysiological mechanisms of sensation in comparison with the receptor act.

Thermal sensations of a person cover the whole gamut of shades from the neutral zone through "slightly cool" to "cold" and "unbearably cold". And in the other direction - through "tepid", "warm" to "hot" or "hot". At the same time, both extreme cold and thermal sensations without a sharp boundary turn into a sensation of pain.

The basis for the formation of sensations, of course, are the parameters of afferent impulses coming to the central nervous system from heat and cold receptors. AT general view this dependence can be represented in such a way that an increase in impulses from thermal receptors and a weakening from cold fibers gives a feeling of warmth, and an increase in impulses through cold and weakening through thermal fibers gives a feeling of cold. However, special psychophysiological experiments show that the ability to sense temperature depends on several factors: the absolute intradermal temperature, the rate of its change, the region under study, its area, the duration of thermal exposure, and others. It is clear that the combination of these factors can be very diverse. And hence the thermosensitive sensations of a person are incomparably richer than the afferentation sent by a single thermoreceptor. In the higher centers, the integration of signals coming from a large number both heat and cold receptors.

Temperature sensitivity is characterized by well-defined adaptation. Compare: at the receptor level, adaptation is practically absent. We encounter this psychophysiological feature every day. Water, which at first seems hot to us, if you keep your hand or foot in it, after a while, just a few minutes, becomes much “cooler”, although its temperature remains practically unchanged. Remember, when on a hot summer day you enter the water of a river, lake, sea, the first feeling of “cold” quickly changes to “slightly cool” or even neutral.

Close in its mechanisms to adaptation is the temperature contrast, which we also encounter very often. Let's make a very simple, but quite convincing experiment. Let's fill three cylinders with water of different temperatures. Let's place the left hand in a vessel where the water temperature is 20 degrees Celsius, and the right hand in a vessel with a water temperature of 40 degrees Celsius. Our sensations will be quite distinct: on the left - "cool", on the right - "warm". After 2-3 minutes, both hands are placed in a cylinder of water at a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius. Now for the left hand it will be “warm”, and for the right hand it will be “cold”. However, very soon, after a few tens of seconds, sensations level out as a result of the phenomenon of adaptation. And there are many similar examples.

Sometimes a violation of the interaction between heat and cold afferent flows can lead to some paradoxical sensations. For example, the paradoxical sensation of cold. Remember, when you quickly get into a bath with hot water (at its temperature above +45 degrees Celsius), then you often get a feeling of cold, up to the point that the skin becomes “goose bumps”. And it's easy to explain. After all, cold receptors are located more superficially, so they perceive the “first blow”. Moreover, electrophysiological experiments revealed that with such a sharp increase in temperature in cold receptors, an increase in impulsation occurs, and this is a signal of cold.

As already noted, afferent impulses from thermoreceptors depend on intradermal temperature. The degree and rate of its change are determined by the direction, intensity and speed of the heat flow. These parameters, in turn, depend not only on the temperature of the objects with which we are in contact, but also on their heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and mass. We can easily verify this if we compare our sensations when we hold metal, wooden and foam plastic objects in our hands at the same room temperature. metal object will seem cool to us, wooden - neutral, and foam - even slightly warm. In the first case, the heat note will be directed away from the skin and, consequently, will lead to a decrease in intradermal temperature; in the third case, we will encounter the opposite phenomenon, and in the second, with an intermediate one.

For the same reason, the same object (preferably metal) at a temperature of about +30 degrees Celsius will be perceived by the skin of the neck and face as coldish, and by the toes as lukewarm. The fact is that as a result of the peculiarities of thermoregulation of the human body, our skin in different places of the body different temperature, which naturally affects the temperature sensitivity of these areas.

A person is able to distinguish temperature differences up to 0.2 degrees Celsius. In this case, the range of perceived intradermal temperatures is from +10 to +44.5 degrees Celsius. Pay attention - intradermal. At temperatures below +10 degrees Celsius, a cold blockade of temperature fibers and fibers of a different sensitivity occurs. By the way, one of the methods of pain relief is based on this (as it is not quite accurately called “freezing”). At temperatures above +44.5 degrees Celsius, the sensation of “hot” is replaced by the sensation of “pain”.

Information about the ambient temperature is used to develop a thermoregulatory response of the body. And what is this thermoregulatory response? First of all, it is necessary to remember that a person is a warm-blooded, or homeothermic, creature. This means that all biochemical processes in our body will proceed in the required direction and with the required intensity only in a very narrow temperature range. Thermoregulatory reactions are aimed at maintaining this range.

The heat balance of a person depends on the ratio of two opposite processes - heat production and heat transfer. Heat production, or, as it is otherwise called, chemical thermoregulation, consists in the formation of heat during various metabolic reactions in the body. Heat transfer, or physical thermoregulation, is the loss of heat by the human body as a result of heat conduction, heat radiation and evaporation.

The intensity of heat production and heat transfer is regulated depending on the ambient temperature, more precisely, on the intradermal temperature. However, the range of thermoregulatory changes in heat production is much smaller than that of heat transfer. And therefore, maintaining a constant body temperature is achieved mainly by changing the intensity of heat transfer. For this, there are very effective devices, such as sweating and changes in the lumen of the subcutaneous vessels (redness and blanching of the skin). These processes are quite complex in their organization and should be the subject of a separate special discussion. But the triggering of these mechanisms is achieved as a result of receiving information from the temperature-sensitive structures that we have considered.

May - traditional time country works, picnics and field trips. Indeed, in the midst of spring, you can endlessly enjoy the flowering of trees and the unique aroma of freshness. As a rule, by this time the weather pleases with almost summer warmth, which contributes to long walks in the fresh air.

So, what will the weather be like in Moscow in May 2018? Read the most accurate forecast from the Hydrometeorological Center for the beginning, middle and end of May - 2018 for residents of Moscow and the Moscow region. If you have planned a trip to the capital at the end of spring, it is best to familiarize yourself with the weather forecasts for this period in advance.

Weather in Moscow for May 2018 - the most accurate weather forecast

With the onset of May, nature generously shares the most bright colors- as if rewarding people for such a long wait for warmth. So, under the influence of the spring breath, Moscow literally transforms, attracting attention with flowering flower beds, trees and a unique special atmosphere. So, what is the weather expected in Moscow in May 2018? We offer the most accurate weather forecast for capital region- in general, the May weather will delight Muscovites and guests with warm, fine days.

Weather forecast for the beginning and end of May - 2018 for Moscow

The old name for May is “pollen” or “grass”. Indeed, this month the weather most often does not present temperature “surprises” in the form of frosts or abnormal heat. True, the beginning of May 2018 will be relatively cool - the thermometer is unlikely to rise above 15 - 18 degrees with a "+" sign. In addition, rainy and windy weather awaits Muscovites - however, from the middle of the month, temperature indicators will inexorably creep up, stopping at +20 - 22 degrees. According to weather forecasts, relatively dry weather during the day will be established in Moscow in mid-May, and the night air will delight you with coolness and freshness. In the end of the month weather will improve significantly - the temperature will rise to +25 degrees, while light precipitation is possible at night.

Weather in Moscow in May 2018 - forecast of the Hydrometeorological Center

For residents of Moscow, the May weather will be a real "gift", pleasant and long-awaited. Thus, the owners of dachas and garden plots can confidently plan preparations for the upcoming sowing season - in May they will have a great opportunity to devote themselves to their favorite business. Let's take a closer look at the weather forecast of the Hydrometeorological Center for May 2018 in Moscow.

What is the expected weather for Moscow according to the forecast of the Hydrometeorological Center for May - 2018

According to forecasts from the Hydrometeorological Center, by the end of the month the average daily temperature will be around 20 degrees with a “+” sign. And although a slight decrease in indicators is possible in the evening and at night, in general it will remain warm weather conducive to romantic walks. May is characterized by an increase in daylight hours up to 15 - 17 hours. In the middle of the month, weather forecasters predict short-term precipitation in the form of showers for Moscow, which will soon be replaced by warm sunny weather.

Weather in the Moscow region in May 2018

As in the capital, the weather for May in the Moscow region is expected to be warm - medium temperature indicator will be +16 degrees. At the beginning of the month, rains and showers are possible, but the end of May will please with almost summer weather.

So, what will the weather be like in Moscow in May 2018? We offer to study the most accurate forecasts The hydrometeorological center for the capital and the Moscow region at the beginning, middle and end of May - 2018. Let the weather surprises only please you, and spring May Moscow inspires you to new life achievements and changes for the better!

Collected and analyzed forecasts from various weather forecasters.

Most Ukrainian weather forecasters are confident that the winter will not be very severe, with several periods of significant temperature drop. Head of the Department of Applied Meteorology and Climatology of the Ukrainian Research Hydrometeorological Institute Vera Balabukh notes that meteorologists do not expect an abnormally cold winter for the whole of Europe.

"According to the world centers for seasonal forecasting, it is expected that our winter this year may be much warmer than the climatic norm. We again expect a warm winter, the same as last year," she said in a commentary to Ukrainska Pravda.

According to Balabukh, this year the average winter temperature will be 1-2 degrees above the norm and will be +2 and -3 degrees. At the same time, arctic air flows are possible, when the air temperature at night and even during the day can drop to -20 degrees and lower, but these will be short-term periods. Precipitation is expected mainly in the form of rain or sleet

But foreign weather forecasters say that coming winter will be incredibly cold and long, and it is with the onset of cold weather that the so-called new chronology will begin climatic conditions. Will remain in the past warm winters with rain, they will be replaced by cold and snow. According to the famous European meteorologist James Madden, this winter will be the coldest in the last hundred years. Cooler temperatures should be expected from November, and severe frosts will begin in December. Severe cold will be accompanied by heavy snowfall. Winter will not only be cold, but also very long.

"Fierce" February

The last month of winter, according to weather forecasts, will be unpredictable. Ukrainians are waiting for sharp temperature changes: at the end of the first week of the month it will become much warmer, but in a couple of days cold weather will blow strong winds. Significant snowfalls will come after the frost, but Ukrainians will not have time to get used to drifts, as warm wind bring warmth.

People's Forecaster Leonid Gorban in February promises -15 or even -25, but also with thaws. From the 20th, frosts will come only at night, and even then they will be small. In March, as happens in last years, winter will return - in the first week you can expect up to -9 -14.

There is one "but"

Well-known Ukrainian weather forecasters Natalya Didenko and Anatoly Prokopenko once again urge to stop making forecasts for the whole winter at once, because they cannot be accurate.

" As soon as autumn begins, every year an article appears somewhere - a national weather forecaster, a famous weather forecaster, an American weather forecaster, a Swedish weather forecaster, a world-famous weather forecaster, a famous meteorologist in Europe - in a word, anyone, if only with a beautiful epithet, about a terrible, fierce future winter with severe frosts. I am skeptical about this. Scientists, of course, develop long-term forecasts, I respect their efforts very much, but these forecasts are still extremely imperfect. The most accurate forecasts are for a day, for three days and a trend for 5-7 days. All point. The rest is a very approximate technique," Didenko notes.

Anatoly Prokopenko adds: there is no reason to believe that the coming winter will be colder than the previous ones. It is impossible to accurately predict the weather for more than ten days. In particular, the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center does this for up to ten days. Anything more - changes quickly and very often does not come true.

Himself Hydrometeorological Center

Our ancestors made weather forecasts based on folk omens behind which are not only prejudices, but also the experience of generations.

If snow does not fall by Andrey's holiday, then it will be warm in winter, but if there is a lot of snow, expect severe frosts.

The sky on Varvara (December 17) is starry - soon there will be a blizzard and a snowstorm, when the stars are not visible - a thaw will come.

Hoarfrost on a tree fluffy - to warm weather.

Thunder in winter severe frosts, lightning - to a blizzard.

A crow croaks in the morning, sitting on top of a tree - it warns of a snowstorm.

On a frosty day, drops of water appear on the ice - to a thaw.

Heavy snow at night in the absence of wind - soon there will be quiet sunny weather.