The offensive is carried out in order to defeat (destroy) the enemy and capture important areas (lines, objects) of the terrain. It consists in defeating the enemy with all available means, a decisive attack, the rapid advance of troops into the depths of his order of battle, destruction and captivity of manpower, seizure of weapons, equipment and designated areas (boundaries) of the terrain. the opposing enemy and the capture of important areas (lines, objects) are achieved by the skillful use of all means of destruction, the rapid use of the results of air strikes and artillery fire, the timely build-up of efforts in depth, wide application coverage, detours and carrying out attacks on the flank and rear of the enemy.

An offensive can be carried out against a defending, advancing or retreating enemy.

An attack on the defending enemy is carried out from a position of direct contact with him or on the move. It usually begins with a breakthrough of the defense, which consists in breaking it up with strikes of all types of weapons and a decisive attack by tank and motorized rifle units in a narrow sector, in creating a gap in the defense and its subsequent expansion towards the flanks and in depth. The battalion breaks through the enemy defenses, usually as part of a regiment.

Motorized rifle and tank battalions can advance in the first echelon of the regiment, form its second echelon or combined arms reserve, act as a vanguard, forward detachment and amphibious assault. A motorized rifle battalion can also act as a tactical airborne assault force and form the basis of an assault squad.

The success of an offensive largely depends on its preparation. Offensive preparation is a series of activities carried out by the commander and headquarters of the battalion in preparation for the upcoming battle. In a battalion, the preparation of an offensive begins with the receipt of a mission. The main measures for the preparation of an offensive are the organization of a battle, the preparation of subunits for the performance of a combat mission, the preparation of the initial area for an offensive, and the control of the readiness of subunits to perform combat missions. When attacking on the move from the initial area, the battalion commander makes a decision and communicates tasks to subunits, usually on a map or on a layout of the area. Subsequently, he conducts reconnaissance, gives a combat order and organizes interaction directly on the ground.

Clarifying the received task, the battalion commander seeks to understand what the regiment commander’s intention is to complete the combat mission, especially the sequence of defeating the enemy, objects hit by the means of senior commanders in the battalion’s direction of action, the combat mission, the place in the battle formation and the role of the battalion in battle, tasks neighbors and the order of interaction with them, as well as the time of readiness to complete the task. Based on the clarified task, the battalion commander draws conclusions in which he determines in which direction the main efforts of the battalion are concentrated; how to build battle formations how much time, including light, is available to organize the battle.

On the basis of the task received, the conclusions from the assessment of the situation and the calculations made, the battalion commander makes a decision. It is based on the battle plan, in which the battalion commander determines: the direction of concentration of the main efforts, which enemy, how and in what sequence to defeat; the procedure for engaging the enemy with fire from tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, and other regular and attached means; formation of battle order.

A motorized rifle battalion usually advances at a front of up to 2 km, and in a regiment's breakthrough sector - at a front of up to 1 km. Motorized rifle company usually occurs at a front of up to 1 km., And in a breakthrough sector - at a front of up to 500 m. A motorized rifle platoon advances at a front of up to 300m.

b) Combat missions SMEs on the offensive in the second echelon of the regiment.

One of important issues The organization of combat is the skillful determination of combat missions by units and subunits. The combat mission regulates the action of units and subunits, is the basis for battle planning, organization of interaction by commanders and staffs, control and comprehensive support of combat operations. Its timely and accurate execution is the main indicator of the success of the offensive.

The content of the combat missions of troops in an offensive reflects the level of their technical equipment, combat training, and morale and combat qualities of personnel. Correctly defining combat missions for subunits means accurately taking into account all the factors of the situation, and above all combat capabilities own troops and the enemy, the balance of forces, the influence of the terrain and other conditions.

Under all circumstances, the combat missions of the troops must be realistically achievable. Neither underestimation nor overestimation should be allowed. The practice of setting unbearable tasks, except for losses, exhaustion of forces and undermining the military spirit, does nothing.

The motorized rifle battalion, advancing in the second echelon of the regiment, is indicated the immediate task and the direction of the continuation of the offensive. The immediate task of a second-echelon battalion, when it enters combat, may be to complete, together with first-echelon battalions, the enemy's brigade (regimental) reserves and capture their line. The direction of the continuation of the offensive of the battalion of the second echelon is determined in such a way as to ensure the fulfillment of the further task of the regiment. The direction of concentration of the main efforts is indicated by the senior commander or determined by the battalion commander. In the course of the offensive, it may change. In the direction of concentration of the main efforts, superiority in forces and means over the enemy is constantly maintained.

An attack on the defending enemy on the move is usually carried out from the initial area, the removal of which is determined by the senior commander. The deployment of the battalion into battle order is carried out in the course of advancing to the line of transition to the attack.

To organize the advancement, deployment and transition to the attack of the battalion, advancement routes, the initial line (point), lines (points) of deployment into battalion columns, the line of transition to the attack and the line of safe removal are assigned, and when attacking on foot for motorized rifle units, in addition , and the dismounting line. For motorized rifle subunits on vehicles, landing sites for landing on tanks can be assigned.

The line of deployment in platoon columns is assigned beyond the folds of the terrain at 2-3 km. from the front line of the enemy defense.

The line of transition to the attack is chosen in such a way that tank and motorized rifle subunits move towards it covertly, and its removal ensures the conduct of real fire from the main types of weapons and allows the subunits to unceasingly, on top speed reach the enemy's front line. It can be assigned at a distance of up to 600 meters from the forward edge of the enemy's defense, and sometimes more.

The reconnaissance platoon, if it has not been advanced in advance to reconnoiter the enemy on the front line, advances ahead of the battalion column and reconnoiters the advance route. As soon as its troops reach the front line, the platoon reconnoits the enemy in readiness for reconnaissance during the offensive.

Minefields laid by means of remote mining of the enemy, during the period of advance, are overcome along the passages made by the advancement support detachments of the senior commander or the battalion barrier group and non-standard company demining groups.

The dismounting line is assigned as close as possible to the front line of the enemy's defense, usually in places sheltered from the fire of his machine guns and close combat anti-tank weapons. Sometimes it can coincide with the line of transition to the attack.

In close connection with the combat missions assigned to the troops, their battle order is built. It must correspond to the purpose of the battle and the conditions of the situation. The battle order is built in such a way as to ensure the successful defeat of the enemy, a decisive concentration of efforts in chosen directions, a close and continuous combination of fire, movement and maneuver during the offensive, the possibility of a timely build-up of efforts from the depths, as well as reliable command and control of troops.

The formation of battle formations of formations, units and subunits in offensive combat has undergone a complex evolution in the course of many wars. The main factor in this development was changes in the material basis of the battle. So, with the advent of more advanced weapons and an increase in the power of fire, a linear battle formation, long time dominating the battlefields, in the wars of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. gave way to columns and loose formation, and with the advent of tanks during the first and especially the second world wars, an infantry-tank formation began to be used instead of an infantry battle formation.

Subsequently, the development of the combat formation of troops was associated with the emergence and improvement of aviation, anti-tank and air defense, combat, technical and logistic support. The massive introduction of parts of more effective military equipment into combined-arms formations led to an increase in their offensive capabilities and, accordingly, to the creation of new elements of the battle formation, qualitative changes in their composition.

Changes in the nature of the enemy's defense had a great influence on the forms and methods of organizing the combat order of troops in the offensive.

AT modern conditions in connection with the arrival of new means of combat in the ground forces - nuclear weapons, as well as various missile systems, infantry fighting vehicles, anti-tank guided missiles, fire support helicopters, as well as as a result of a significant increase in the number of tanks, an increase in the effectiveness of other fire weapons, their accuracy, range and speed, the requirements for the combat formation of troops have increased.

The place of a motorized rifle battalion in the offensive is its position in the battle order of the regiment. The order of battle must ensure the successful conduct of combat both with and without the use of nuclear weapons; decisively defeating the enemy throughout the entire depth of the combat mission and repelling his air strikes; rapid and full use of the results of nuclear and fire damage; the least vulnerability of units from nuclear and fire strikes precision weapons the enemy, as well as stable continuous interaction and command and control of troops in the most difficult situation.

The second echelon is intended to increase efforts and build on the success of the first echelon, to replace first echelon units that have suffered losses, to repulse enemy counterattacks, and to conduct an offensive in a new direction.

With a one-echelon formation of battle order, a combined-arms reserve is created, which is intended to solve tasks that suddenly arise during the offensive.

Motorized rifle units are used in the offensive as part of the first or second echelon, as well as in the combined arms reserve. They can act as a vanguard, forward, bypassing detachments, tactical air and sea assault forces. Motorized rifle subunits carry out their task of destroying the enemy in close cooperation with tanks, artillery, and subunits of other combat arms. Skillfully combining fire and movement, they swiftly attack the enemy, destroy him manpower, elements of reconnaissance and strike complexes, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, artillery, anti-tank and other fire weapons, nuclear and chemical attack weapons, aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles and other air targets, means of remote mining of the terrain, take possession of enemy positions and develop the offensive at a fast pace.

In modern conditions of equipping with effective weapons and military equipment, a motorized rifle battalion has high shock and firepower and maneuverability, armor protection and resistance to weapons mass destruction. In addition, a battalion can be given a significant amount of reinforcement - an artillery battalion or a battery, anti-tank weapons, anti-aircraft battery(platoon), as well as units of engineering and chemical troops. A motorized rifle battalion may also be assigned tank units, and a tank platoon - motorized rifle units.

In this regard, the number of elements of the combat formation of a motorized rifle battalion is increasing, and its formation is becoming more diverse than before. The battle formation of a battalion now consists of first-echelon companies with their reinforcements, a second-echelon or reserve company, air defense and fire weapons remaining directly subordinate to the battalion commander, as well as the battalion rear.

Thus, in modern operations, as before, motorized rifle and tank troops play a decisive role. Without their participation, the most magnificent actions of aviation, navy, missile forces, etc. have no logical continuation and successful completion. Only motorized infantry and tanks, in close cooperation with other branches of the armed forces, are capable of ensuring the final defeat of the enemy, achieving the goals of the war (if these goals are decisive).

Implementation of achievements modern technology in tank building will allow tanks in the foreseeable future to maintain the role of one of the leading combat weapons in the weapon system ground forces.

Literature.

1. Combat charter of the Ground Forces, part 2. M. Military Publishing House, 1990.

2. Motorized rifle (tank) battalion in battle. Textbook floor edited by D. A. Dragunsky. M. Military Publishing House, 1986

3. Tactics (officer's library). Textbook edited by V. G. Reznichenko M. Military Publishing House, 1984.

4. Training of reserve officers of the Ground Forces. Textbook edited by Yu. A. Naumenko. M. Military Publishing House, 1989

Offensive- the type of battle is carried out in order to defeat the enemy and possession of important areas of the terrain.

The offensive is in the defeat of the enemy with all available means of a decisive attack, the rapid advance of troops into the depths of his battle formation, the destruction and capture of manpower, the capture of weapons and equipment, various objects, designated areas (land lines).

Destruction is understood inflicting such damage on the enemy, in which he loses the ability to resist.

Conditions for going on the offensive

determined: period of war (in initial period war, in the subsequent period of the war, in the final period of the war), the type of weapon used (with the use of nuclear weapons, with the use of conventional weapons), natural climatic conditions (season, day, features of the B / D situation)

depends - on factors (enemy, B / Z, terrain, period of war, time of year, day)

Based on the actions of the enemy - the enemy on the offensive, the enemy stopped but did not consolidate, the enemy went on the defensive and entrenched, the enemy’s defense was prepared)

Ways to go on the offensive:

From a position of direct contact

After the regrouping, after the change of troops

From the depths

From the area of ​​concentration, from the source area, a permanent deployment point, without occupying the area.

Tactical tasks in the offensive:

Fire defeat of the enemy, the conquest and maintenance of fire superiority.

Disorganization of the system of command and control of enemy reconnaissance troops and weapons.

29. Attack on the defending enemy from a position of direct contact with him.

An offensive can lead to a defending, advancing or retreating enemy.

An attack on an advancing enemy is carried out in the form of a battle, and on a retreating enemy in the form of a pursuit.

A battalion's offensive against a battalion occupying a prepared defense, as a rule, is carried out from a position of direct contact with it, and against a battalion that has hastily passed over to the defensive, from the depth.

An attack on an advancing enemy is carried out by means of a meeting engagement, and an attack on a retreating enemy is carried out by pursuing him.

30. The offensive of the SSB on

31 Combat properties and damaging MPOs

An explosive MP nuclear weapon based on the use of energy released during chain reactions of fission of heavy nuclei of some hydrogen isotopes, as well as heavier ones (helium)

Types of nuclear charges (nuclear (fission type), thermonuclear (fission-fusion, fission-fusion fission), neutron)

Damaging factors of a nuclear explosion

electromagnetic pulse

light emission

air shock wave

penetrating radiation

Radioactive contamination of the area

Chemical weapons are such means of combat use, the damaging properties of which are based on the toxic effects of toxic substances on the human body.

OB-toxic chemical compounds that have certain chemical and physical properties that make them possible combat use in order to destroy manpower, infect the terrain and military equipment. There are OVs (deadly, temporarily incapacitating manpower, annoying, training)

Biological weapons are special ammunition and combat devices with delivery vehicles equipped with biological projectiles.

Designed for mass destruction of enemy manpower, animals, etc.

The basis is biological agents specially selected for use biological preparations that can cause in humans, plants, etc. diseases.

32RHBZ

Weakening the impact on units of damaging factors of OPM, high-precision and other types of weapons, the destruction of radiation-chemical and biologically hazardous objects

Inflicting losses on the enemy using flamethrower-incendiary means.

Tasks of the RCBZ:

Radiation, chemical reconnaissance and control

Notification of troops about radioactive, chemical and biological contamination

Collection, processing of data on the NBC situation

The use of personal and collective protection equipment, the protective properties of the terrain, military equipment and other objects.

Special treatment of parts, disinfection of terrain, military facilities and structures.

Aerosol countermeasures against reconnaissance and weapons control

The use of radar absorbing materials and foam coatings

The use of flamethrower-incendiary means

The role of motorized rifle and tank troops as the basis of ground forces in operations, their tasks in defense and offensive. Ways to go on the offensive in order to defeat the enemy. The views of the German command on the use of SDM against the advancing enemy.

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State Committee Russian Federation for higher education.

Russian State Aviation Technological

University named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky - (MATI)

Military department

Homework on general tactics.

Topic: SMEs (armored personnel carriers) in the attack on the prepared

enemy defense (FRG) on the move in the second

shelf level in terms of application

opponent of the SDM.

Completed by: student Shapiro R.A.

Training platoon: 311

Group: F - 4.05

Lecturer: p/p-to Mikhailov A.N.

Moscow 1998

Content

• Introduction
• Conclusion
• Literature

Introduction

Motorized rifle and tank troops, forming the basis of the Ground Forces, perform the following tasks: in defense - to hold the occupied areas, lines and positions, repel the attacks of the aggressor and defeat his advancing troops; in the offensive - to break through the enemy's defenses, defeat groupings of his defending troops, seize important areas, lines and objects, pursue the retreating enemy, conduct oncoming battles and battles.

motorized rifle troops Possessing high combat independence and versatility, they are capable of performing the specified tasks in various terrain conditions and in any weather, on the main and secondary directions, in the first or second echelon, as part of reserves, sea and air assault forces. Motorized rifle subunits and units form the basis of motorized rifle troops.

motorized rifle and tank battalions are main

combined arms departments, a motorized rifle and tank companies - tactical divisions.

motorized rifle and tank divisions can be used in all types combined arms combat and solve complex and diverse tasks, acting as part of a regiment (battalion), and sometimes independently. With powerful fire, high maneuverability, armor protection and resistance to enemy weapons of mass destruction, they are able to march over long distances, quickly use the results nuclear strikes, successfully conduct an offensive and hold the occupied areas on the defensive in various terrain and in any weather, as well as destroy enemy airborne assault forces, aircraft, helicopters and other low-flying enemy targets. Working closely with each other, with artillery, units of other military branches and special forces, they will perform the main task of directly destroying the opposing enemy in close combat.

1. The views of the German command on the use of the MPB in prepared defense

a) Organization and armament of the MPB

The ground forces of the FRG have three army corps, four types of divisions: motorized infantry (four), tank (six), mountain infantry and airborne. Motorized infantry and tank divisions consist of divisional units, motorized infantry and tank brigades.

The basis of motorized infantry and tank brigades are motorized infantry battalions of tank brigades, motorized infantry battalions on the Marder BMP of motorized infantry brigades and mixed motorized infantry battalions of motorized infantry brigades, tank battalions of motorized infantry and tank brigades and mixed tank battalions of tank brigades.

Mixed motorized infantry battalion motorized infantry brigade battalions (Fig. 1) organizationally consists of a headquarters, a tank and supply company, two motorized infantry companies on the BMP "Marder" and a tank company.

The composition of the motorized infantry battalion of the Bundeswehr

Figure A

Name		Name
Lich. compound		machine gun
BMP "Marder"		Autom
Tank “Leopard 1-2”		40 mmRPG
		machine gunMG
PU ATGM "Milan"		AWTScrewMG
		pist"Walter"9mm

Company headquarters and supplies includes platoons: reconnaissance, repair, supply, as well as three sections: wheeled and tracked vehicles, communications, medical. There are 184 people in the company, the Marder infantry fighting vehicle is armed with 2, the M113 armored personnel carrier - 5 (three of them are sanitary), 44-mm RPG - 25, machine guns - 10, vehicles - 50 and other military equipment.

Motorized infantry company on the Marder infantry fighting vehicle, in addition to the command and control department, it includes three motorized infantry platoons and a motorized infantry squad. There are over 100 personnel in the company, the Marder infantry fighting vehicle - 11, the Milan ATGM launcher - 6, 44-mm grenade launchers - 8, 40-mm anti-tank grenade launchers - 7, and other military equipment.

Motorized infantry platoon on the BMP "Marder" consists of a control group and two motorized infantry squads. The number of platoons is 27 people. Each squad has 10 personnel: squad leader, assistant squad leader, driver of the BMP "Marder", gunner-operator of the BMP, machine gunner , ATGM operator "Milan", grenade launcher, assistant grenade launcher, two gunners. Combat vehicles compartments: BMP "Marder" - 1, 44-mm RPG "Panzerfaust" - 1, 7.62-mm single machine gun MG - 1, 7.62-mm automatic rifles MG-3 - 5, 9-mm pistols "Walter" - 5.

AT tank company there are three tank platoons (each has four Leopard-1 or Leopard-2 tanks). The company has about 60 personnel and 13 tanks, 1 44-mm RPG, 2 vehicles.

b) The order of action of the MPB in defense

Defense is an ode to the main types of combat operations of the troops, in which all forces, means and methods are used to firmly hold the occupied area, disrupt the enemy’s offensive, inflict maximum losses on him and create conditions for a decisive offensive.

The main efforts in the defense are concentrated where the main blow of the enemy is expected. It must be stable, in depth, all-round, anti-tank, capable of withstanding massive strikes of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, as well as air and artillery strikes. The defense must be active and allow a wide maneuver of forces and means.

In the ground forces, defense is divided into positional and mobile.

Positional The defense is based on the strong holding of a certain area of ​​the terrain, defensive positions prepared in engineering terms. In this type of defense, the main emphasis is placed on the use of favorable terrain and firepower, on the careful engineering of defensive positions and their strong holding. In this way positional defense relies on the power of fire, on terrain conditions and engineering equipment.

Motorized infantry battalions in the defense act, as a rule, as part of a brigade, being in its first or second echelon. In addition, they can operate in combat guards or conduct containment operations in the security zone.

The motorized infantry battalion, being in the first echelon of the brigade, receives a defense area of ​​up to 4 km. along the front and 5 km in depth, companies - up to 1.5 km and 1.5 km, respectively, platoons - 500 m and 300 m, squads - up to 100 m. A motorized infantry battalion can be reinforced by a tank company. A mixed motorized infantry battalion operating in the first echelon does not need to be reinforced with tanks.

The motorized infantry battalion, reinforced with tanks, artillery, engineering and other units, acting in the first echelon of the brigade, in cooperation with other battalions of the brigade and supporting means, must defeat the enemy in front of the front line, prevent the penetration of the battalion's defense areas and, in the event of an enemy penetration, destroy him with fire and thwart his attack.

If this fails or there is a threat of a breakthrough, then the battalion commander gives the order to withdraw and, with part of the forces or at full strength, leads fighting in the depths of the defense area.

The battle formation of a battalion is usually built in two echelons: two companies - in the first echelon, in the second - one. Attached tanks to a motorized infantry battalion, and in a mixed battalion - full-time ones are used mainly for counterattacks in the intervals between company defense areas.

The extent to which a battalion's defense area is equipped depends on the availability of time for organizing defense and engineering facilities.

First of all, strong points of mouths are equipped, command posts and shelters for personnel, then reserve and false positions are created and communications are torn off.

All defensive structures are masked separately. They must provide effective protection against enemy nuclear weapons.

In front of the forward edge and in the intervals between company defense areas, barriers, including mine-explosive ones, are installed.

In addition, the forward edge and the gaps between the defense areas of the companies are covered by anti-tank weapons, including ATGMs.

When choosing a defense area, the main attention is paid to the possibility of creating a unified fire system for both heavy weapons with long ranges, especially anti-tank, fire from tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, and fire from motorized infantry.

c) The views of the German command on the use of the SDM against the advancing enemy

Engineer weapons are used by parts of the engineering troops and subunits of other branches of the armed forces in solving problems related to ensuring the combat operations of the ground forces. The most important tasks engineering support are considered: ensuring the maximum possible mobility of their units and subunits, regardless of combat, climatic and meteorological conditions; limiting the mobile troops of the enemy, seeking to act suddenly, quickly and covertly, concentrating forces to deliver powerful blows; organizing the protection of troops from conventional and nuclear weapons by equipping shelters for personnel, weapons and equipment, ensuring secrecy of actions.

Per last years In the German army, a set of measures aimed at improving conventional weapons was carried out. Among them, an important place was given to engineering weapons. As a result of the work already done, a number of new tools have been created, the practical application of which, in the opinion of the Bundeswehr command, will help the German army more successfully solve the problems of engineering support for military operations.

Mine-explosive means were improved primarily in order to sharply increase the effectiveness of engineering ammunition, significantly reduce the time for installing minefields in any type of battle, reducing the forces and means consumed for this. Remote mining systems have entered service and are beginning to be mastered by the troops, with the help of which it is possible to place mines directly during the battle and at considerable distances from the front line - on enemy territory.

By the mid-80s, the following mining systems were in service with the Bundeswehr:

a) MiWS mining system

Year of adoption 1980

Mine use:

anti-tank type

model AT-2

Means of transportation transport, helicopter

Number of mines in one gas station:

helicopter version 600

ground version 200

Capacity of one cassette 100min

Mining area (one gas station) 1200x50 m

The system was designed for use by the engineering units of the Bundeswehr and is designed for high-speed installation of anti-tank anti-bottom mines AT-2. Mines are contained in short tubular guides of 5 pieces, the guides are assembled in a package that forms a standard cassette with 100 mines. In the back of each rail there is a squib, through which mines are fired at a distance of up to 50m.

b) Rocket mining system "Lars"

Year of adoption of LARAT-1/LARAT-2 shells 1976/80.

Mine use:

anti-tank type

model (LARAT-1/LARAT-2) AT-1/AT-2

Number of mines in the projectile (LARAT-1/LARAT-2) 8/5

Used system MLRS "Lars"

Delivery vehicle 110 mm NURS

Projectile weight 35kg

Maximum firing range 14. km

The dimensions of the barrier, installed in one salvo 400x300 m

The system is based on NURS with cluster warheads equipped with anti-tank mines- anti-track AT-1 and anti-bottom AT-2. The projectile is equipped with a remote fuse for opening a cluster warhead at a given point in the trajectory. The mines released from the cluster warhead are lowered to the ground, stabilized and cocked. After a specified period of time, the installed barrier will self-destruct. For AT-1 mines, this period is 48 hours, and for AT-2 mines - from several hours to several days.

2. The order of the offensive of the MSB in the second echelon of the regiment

a) The purpose of the offensive, methods of transition to the offensive

Offensive is carried out for the purpose of defeating (destroying) the enemy and capturing important areas (borders, objects) of the terrain. It consists in defeating the enemy with all available means, a decisive attack, the rapid advance of troops into the depths of his battle formation, the destruction and capture of manpower, the capture of weapons, equipment and designated areas (boundaries) of the terrain.

The defeat of the opposing enemy and the capture of important areas (lines, objectives) are achieved by the skillful use of all means of destruction, the rapid use of the results of air strikes and artillery fire, the timely buildup of efforts in depth, the widespread use of coverage, detours and attacks on the flank and rear of the enemy.

An offensive can be carried out against a defending, advancing or retreating enemy.

The attack on the defending enemy is carried out from

provisions immediate contact With him or With move. It usually begins with a breakthrough of the defense, which consists in breaking it up with strikes of all types of weapons and a decisive attack by tank and motorized rifle units in a narrow sector, in creating a gap in the defense and its subsequent expansion towards the flanks and in depth. The battalion breaks through the enemy defenses, usually as part of a regiment.

Motorized rifle and tank battalions can advance in first echelon shelf, make up his second echelon or combined arms reserve, act in quality avant-garde, advanced detachment and maritime landing. A motorized rifle battalion can also act as a tactical airborne assault force and form the basis of an assault squad.

The success of an offensive largely depends on its preparation. Trainingoffensive- this is a series of activities carried out by the commander and headquarters of the battalion in preparation for the upcoming battle. In a battalion, the preparation of an offensive begins with the receipt of a mission. The main measures for the preparation of an offensive are the organization of a battle, the preparation of subunits for the performance of a combat mission, the preparation of the initial area for an offensive, and the control of the readiness of subunits to perform combat missions. When attacking on the move from the initial area, the battalion commander makes a decision and communicates tasks to subunits, usually on a map or on a layout of the area. Subsequently, he conducts reconnaissance, gives a combat order and organizes interaction directly on the ground.

Clarifying the received task, the battalion commander seeks to understand what the regiment commander’s intention is to complete the combat mission, especially the sequence of defeating the enemy, objects hit by the means of senior commanders in the battalion’s direction of action, the combat mission, the place in the battle formation and the role of the battalion in battle, tasks neighbors and the order of interaction with them, as well as the time of readiness to complete the task. Based on the clarified task, the battalion commander draws conclusions in which he determines in which direction the main efforts of the battalion are concentrated; how to build a battle formation and how much time, including light, is available for organizing the battle.

On the basis of the task received, the conclusions from the assessment of the situation and the calculations made, the battalion commander makes a decision. It is based on the battle plan, in which the battalion commander determines: the direction of concentration of the main efforts, which enemy, how and in what sequence to defeat; the procedure for engaging the enemy with fire from tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, and other regular and attached means; formation of battle order.

A motorized rifle battalion usually advances at a front of up to 2 km, and in a regiment's breakthrough sector - at a front of up to 1 km. A motorized rifle company usually advances at a front of up to 1 km, and in a breakthrough sector - at a front of up to 500 m. A motorized rifle platoon advances at a front of up to 300m.

b) Combat missions of the SMEs in the offensive in the second echelon of the regiment

One of the important issues in the organization of combat is the skillful determination of combat missions by units and subunits. The combat mission regulates the action of units and subunits, is the basis for battle planning, organization of interaction by commanders and staffs, control and comprehensive support of combat operations. Its timely and accurate execution is the main indicator of the success of the offensive.

The content of the combat missions of troops in an offensive reflects the level of their technical equipment, combat training, and morale and combat qualities of personnel. Correctly defining combat missions for subunits means accurately taking into account all the factors of the situation, and above all the combat capabilities of friendly troops and the enemy, the balance of forces, the influence of the terrain and other conditions.

Atallcircumstancescombattaskstroopsmustto bereallydoable. Neither underestimation nor overestimation should be allowed. The practice of setting unbearable tasks, except for losses, exhaustion of forces and undermining the military spirit, does nothing.

contentcombattaskstroopsinoffensiveisdebaclegroupingsenemyandmasterycertainabroad (district) terraintoappointeddeadline.

The motorized rifle battalion, advancing in the second echelon of the regiment, is indicated the immediate task and the direction of the continuation of the offensive. nearest a task battalion second echelon when it is brought into battle, it may consist in completing, together with the battalions of the first echelon, the enemy's brigade (regimental) reserves and capturing their line. Direction continuation offensive the battalion of the second echelon is determined in such a way as to ensure the fulfillment of the further task of the regiment. The direction of concentration of the main efforts is indicated by the senior commander or determined by the battalion commander. In the course of the offensive, it may change. In the direction of concentration of the main efforts, superiority in forces and means over the enemy is constantly maintained.

Offensive on the defending enemy With move usually carried out from the source area, the removal of which is determined by the senior commander. The deployment of the battalion into battle order is carried out in the course of advancing to the line of transition to the attack.

To organize the promotion, deployment and transition to the attack

the battalion is assigned advance routes, the starting line (point), lines (points) of deployment in battalion columns, the line of transition to the attack and the line of safe removal, and when attacking on foot for motorized rifle units, in addition, the line of dismounting. For motorized rifle subunits on vehicles, landing sites for landing on tanks can be assigned.

The line of deployment in platoon columns is assigned beyond the folds of the terrain at 2-3 km. from the front line of the enemy defense.

The line of transition to the attack is chosen in such a way that tank and motorized rifle subunits move towards it covertly, and its removal ensures the conduct of actual fire from the main types of weapons and allows the subunits to reach the front line of the enemy’s defense without stopping, at maximum speed. It can be assigned at a distance of up to 600 meters from the forward edge of the enemy's defense, and sometimes more.

The reconnaissance platoon, if it has not been advanced in advance to reconnoiter the enemy on the front line, advances ahead of the battalion column and reconnoiters the advance route. As soon as its troops reach the front line, the platoon reconnoits the enemy in readiness for reconnaissance during the offensive.

Minefields laid by means of remote mining of the enemy, during the period of advance, are overcome along the passages made by the advancement support detachments of the senior commander or the battalion barrier group and non-standard company demining groups. The dismounting line is assigned as close as possible to the front line of the enemy's defense, usually in places sheltered from the fire of his machine guns and close combat anti-tank weapons. Sometimes it can coincide with the line of transition to the attack.

offensive enemy motorized rifle tank

c) The order of battle of the SMEs in the offensive in the second echelon of the regiment

In close connection with the combat missions assigned to the troops, their battle order is built. It must correspond to the purpose of the battle and the conditions of the situation. The battle order is built in such a way as to ensure the successful defeat of the enemy, a decisive concentration of efforts in chosen directions, a close and continuous combination of fire, movement and maneuver during the offensive, the possibility of a timely build-up of efforts from the depths, as well as reliable command and control of troops.

The formation of battle formations of formations, units and subunits in offensive combat has undergone a complex evolution in the course of many wars. The main factor in this development was changes in the material basis of the battle. So, with the advent of more advanced weapons and an increase in the power of fire, the linear battle order, which for a long time dominated the battlefields, in the wars of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. gave way to columns and loose formation, and with the advent of tanks during the first and especially the second world wars, an infantry-tank formation began to be used instead of an infantry battle formation.

Subsequently, the development of the combat formation of troops was associated with the emergence and improvement of aviation, anti-tank and air defense, combat, technical and logistics support. The massive introduction of parts of more effective military equipment into combined-arms formations led to an increase in their offensive capabilities and, accordingly, to the creation of new elements of the battle formation, qualitative changes in their composition.

Changes in the nature of the enemy's defense had a great influence on the forms and methods of organizing the combat order of troops in the offensive.

In modern conditions, in connection with the arrival of new means of combat in the ground forces - nuclear weapons, as well as various missile systems, infantry fighting vehicles, anti-tank guided missiles, fire support helicopters, as well as as a result of a significant increase in the number of tanks, increasing the effectiveness of other fire weapons, their accuracy, range and speed increased the requirements for the combat formation of troops.

The place of a motorized rifle battalion in the offensive is its position in the battle order of the regiment.

The order of battle must ensure the successful conduct of combat both with and without the use of nuclear weapons; decisively defeating the enemy throughout the entire depth of the combat mission and repelling his air strikes; rapid and full use of the results of nuclear and fire damage; the least vulnerability of subunits from nuclear and fire strikes of enemy precision weapons, as well as sustainable continuous interaction and command and control in the most difficult environment.

The second echelon is intended to increase efforts and build on the success of the first echelon, to replace first echelon units that have suffered losses, to repulse enemy counterattacks, and to conduct an offensive in a new direction.

With a one-echelon formation of battle formation, a combined armsreserve, which is intended to solve problems that suddenly arise during the offensive.

Motorized rifle units are used in the offensive as part of the first or second echelon, as well as in the combined arms reserve. They can act as a vanguard, forward, bypassing detachments, tactical air and sea assault forces. Motorized rifle subunits carry out their task of destroying the enemy in close cooperation with tanks, artillery, and subunits of other combat arms. Skillfully combining fire and movement, they rapidly attack the enemy, destroy his manpower, elements of reconnaissance and strike systems, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, artillery, anti-tank and other fire weapons, nuclear and chemical attack weapons, aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles and others. air targets, means of remote mining of the terrain, take possession of enemy positions and develop the offensive at a fast pace.

In modern conditions of equipping with effective weapons and military equipment, a motorized rifle battalion has high strike and fire power and maneuverability, armor protection and resistance to the effects of weapons of mass destruction. In addition, a battalion can be given a significant amount of reinforcement - an artillery battalion or battery, anti-tank weapons, an anti-aircraft battery (platoon), as well as units of engineering and chemical troops. A motorized rifle battalion may also be assigned tank units, and a tank platoon - motorized rifle units.

In this regard, the number of elements of the combat formation of a motorized rifle battalion is increasing, and its formation is becoming more diverse than before.

The battle formation of a battalion now consists of first-echelon companies with their reinforcements, a second-echelon or reserve company, air defense and fire weapons remaining directly subordinate to the battalion commander, as well as the battalion rear.

But the point is not only in the quantitative increase in the echelons of battle formation, but also in the qualitative change in their composition and combat capabilities. If 50 years ago the basis of the battle order of a rifle battalion was infantry attacking the enemy on foot with the support of tanks and artillery fire, today the battle order of motorized rifle units includes infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers and tanks that are capable of quickly breaking through the enemy’s defenses and attacking at a high pace.

An important role in solving the tasks of a motorized rifle battalion is now played by the units of anti-tank guided missiles and grenade launchers that are part of it, as well as the artillery attached to the battalion. These means are designed to suppress or destroy targets, primarily armored ones, that impede the advance of advancing units.

Thus, the combat strength of a motorized rifle battalion - the main combined-arms tactical unit - ensures the successful solution of complex tasks in an offensive using both nuclear and only conventional weapons.

Conclusion

Thus, in modern operations, as before, motorized rifle and tank troops play a decisive role. Without their participation, the most magnificent actions of aviation, navy, missile forces, etc. have no logical continuation and successful completion. Only motorized infantry and tanks, in close cooperation with other branches of the armed forces, are capable of ensuring the final defeat of the enemy, achieving the goals of the war (if these goals are decisive).

The introduction of the achievements of modern technology in tank building will allow tanks in the foreseeable future to maintain the role of one of the leading combat weapons in the armament system of the ground forces.

Literature

1. Combat charter of the Ground Forces, part 2.M. Military publishing house, 1990

2. Motorized rifle (tank) battalion in battle.

Textbook edited by D.A. Dragunsky. M. Military Publishing House, 1986

3. Tactics (officer's library).

Textbook edited by V.G. Reznichenko M. Military publishing house, 1984

4. Training of reserve officers of the Ground Forces.

Textbook edited by Yu.A. Naumenko. M. Military Publishing House, 1989

5. Units in battle. Nikitin N.S.M. Military publishing house, 1989

6. Armament and equipment. Directory. M. Military Publishing House, 1984

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Army Tactics

The battalion advances up to 2 km on the front, and up to 1 km on the breakthrough sector on the front. The battalion can successfully attack a defending enemy infantry company. As a rule, the battalion builds its battle formation in two echelons or in one echelon with the allocation of a combined arms reserve. Usually two companies operate in the first echelon and one company in the second. The battalion can operate in the first or second echelon of the regiment. The battalion operating in the first echelon of the regiment is assigned the nearest task (usually to the depth of the strong point of the enemy infantry company), the further task (usually to the depth of the first position of the enemy’s defense and the direction of the further offensive, which usually coincides with the nearest task of the regiment. The battalion operating in the second echelon the regiment is assigned the line of entry into battle, the immediate task (usually to the depth of the enemy's brigade defense reserves) and the direction of the further offensive, which usually coincides with the further task of the regiment.

The battalion can attack from a position of direct contact with the enemy. In this case, if the battalion operates in the first echelon of the regiment, then it occupies its initial position at the first position of the regiment, and if the battalion operates in the second echelon of the regiment, then it occupies its initial position at the second position of the regiment.

The battalion can advance on the move (with advancement from the initial area). When advancing on the move, a battalion advancing in the first echelon of the regiment follows the infantry fighting vehicle in one column to the line of deployment in company columns (4-6 km from the front edge of the enemy), in company columns to the line of deployment in platoon columns (2-3 km from the front edge of the enemy's defense); at the line of attack (600 meters from the front line of the enemy), platoon columns are deployed in battle formation. If necessary, a dismounting line is assigned, where the personnel leave the BMP and then move on foot. If the enemy does not offer fierce resistance, then from the turn of the transition to the attack of the platoon in the line of vehicles, the offensive continues.

When advancing on the move, a battalion advancing in the second echelon of the regiment follows in a battalion column to the line of entry into battle, where it deploys into battle formation.

The order of battle of the advancing battalion is deliberately shown in an extremely simplified way. It does not show the means and forces of reinforcement, support, attached forces and means, tanks, artillery, communications, and many other mandatory elements of a battalion's battle order.

Notes: 1. The second echelon is designed to develop the success achieved, to increase the pace of the offensive. He is assigned the line of entry into battle, the immediate and further tasks.
2. The combined arms reserve differs from the second echelon in that it is not assigned a line of entry into battle, as well as immediate and further tasks. It is designed to solve suddenly arising tasks (repelling enemy counterattacks entering the rear; changing units that have suffered heavy losses, destroying a newly identified enemy, holding captured lines, destroying residual enemy groups in the rear of advancing units.

Literature: Combat regulations of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the USSR (battalion-company)

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