The situation in the course of hostilities is displayed on the working maps of the division (battery) commander, his deputies, the chief of staff and other officials. Working maps should reflect the position of units of friendly troops and enemy troops, the dynamics of actions and have appropriate explanatory inscriptions.

65. the most important integral part management of artillery units during combat operations is fire control, which includes: receiving fire missions (selection of targets for destruction); clarification of fire missions and assessment of the conditions for their implementation; making a decision to carry out fire missions; setting fire missions and monitoring their implementation.

A battalion (battery) performs fire missions assigned by the commander of a combined arms subunit (unit) or senior artillery commander (chief).

The battalion (battery) commander can also make a decision to carry out fire missions on his own initiative, based on the prevailing situation.

Fire missions can be set in advance (scheduled) or immediately before their execution (unscheduled).

66. When clarifying fire missions, the battalion (battery) commander explains the order and sequence of their implementation, the position of his troops and targets on the ground, the nature and size of targets, including those on the lines of the PSO, the position of the flanks of the OGV, POgZ, PZO and NZO sectors, and when the possibilities and position of the main elements of group goals.

When performing fire missions on his own initiative, the battalion (battery) commander selects targets to engage, taking into account their importance and position in the enemy’s battle formation, the time and means of detection, the nature of the activity, as well as the tasks and nature of the actions of the combined arms subunit (unit).

Assessing the conditions for performing fire missions, the division (battery) commander understands: the fire capabilities of subordinate units, the capabilities for servicing firing by regular artillery reconnaissance units (means); firing range, observation conditions, nature of the terrain and vegetation in the target area; the position of their troops, their safety when firing; the procedure for maintaining interaction and other conditions affecting the decision.

67. In the decision to perform fire missions, the battalion (battery) commander determines: targets for destruction; shooting tasks; the number of batteries involved in firing at each target (platoons, guns); types of fire; methods of shelling targets; projectile, fuse, charge, type of trajectory; the procedure for performing fire missions; a method for determining settings for shooting to kill; funds attracted (allocated) for fire correction; ammunition consumption; security measures for their troops; call signals (opening), transfer and ceasefire.

When performing fire missions on his own initiative, the division (battery) commander makes a decision in full, and when performing fire missions assigned by a senior artillery or combined arms commander (chief), on issues not specified in his command (order).

When the situation changes or new intelligence data about the enemy is received, the battalion (battery) commander clarifies his decision, and the battalion chief of staff (senior battery officer), at the direction of the battalion (battery) commander, makes the necessary changes to the worked out combat documents and brings these changes to the commanders (senior officers) batteries.

68. Fire missions are set by commands and orders transmitted by means of communication personally by the commander or through subordinates, and planned fire missions, in addition, in writing. Commands (signals) also call, correct, transfer and cease fire.

Commands are transmitted in compliance with the established rules, orders - in any form. It is allowed to change the order of commands, if this does not delay the execution of the fire mission.

The transmission of commands and orders during the battle is carried out by technical means of communication in clear text, while instead of the actual names (numbers) of units and command posts, their call signs are indicated.

Instead of the true coordinates, their conditional coordinates on the coded map or the position relative to the designated landmarks are indicated. Target coordinates in teams for preparation and firing are transmitted without coding. Notifying units of an imminent threat of enemy use of weapons mass destruction, about strikes with precision weapons and about air enemy, about radioactive, chemical and biological contamination is carried out by the transmission of uniform and permanent signals that all personnel of the division (battery) should know.

All orders, commands and reports transmitted through the channels of technical means of communication are recorded in the register of given and received orders and reports.

69. The battalion (battery) commander is obliged to report in a timely manner to the commander of the combined arms subunit (unit) to which the battalion (battery) is attached (supports) and to the senior artillery commander (chief) about the receipt of the task, the completion of previously received tasks, the consumption of ammunition, new information about the enemy and their losses .

On preparing the enemy for the use of weapons of mass destruction and systems precision weapons, the results of their application and abrupt changes in the situation are reported immediately.

70. With the immediate threat of the use of weapons by the enemy mass destruction and precision weapons the division (battery) commander immediately notifies the subunits about this, organizes additional reconnaissance if possible, takes measures to shelter and disperse the subunits (forces and means), minimize psychogenic losses, and take additional measures to protect the subunits.

4. Fundamentals of organizing interaction with departments,

military formations and bodies of other troops

71. Interaction with subunits of other troops is organized in order to achieve maximum efficiency and coordination in the use of forces and means in the joint performance of tasks.

Responsibility for organizing and maintaining interaction rests with the commander, who manages the preparation and conduct of joint combat operations. The basis for the organization of interaction is the decision of the commander and instructions on the interaction of the senior commander.

72. Having received the task of joint actions with units of other troops, the division (battery) commander understands: with whom, how, at what stage and in what way joint actions should be coordinated, and what issues to be prepared for.

Based on the clarification of the task, the division (battery) commander takes measures to establish communication with the commanders (control bodies) of interacting subunits of other troops, informs them of the location of the command and observation post and subordinate subunits, organizes the exchange of information. The division commander, in addition, determines the procedure for the exchange of headquarters representatives.

The work of the battalion commander and headquarters (battery commander) in organizing the fulfillment of joint tasks is organized and carried out on the basis of uniform principles for the training and employment of troops.

When organizing interaction, the following are agreed upon and specified: the tasks of the forces and means involved, taking into account their purpose; the order of their application in place, time and tasks to be solved; measures to restore the lost interaction; measures to prepare units (forces and means) for joint actions and other measures. In addition, a single encoding of cards, control signals, alerts, identification and interaction are established.

In the course of organizing comprehensive support, its tasks and activities are determined in the interests of conducting joint actions.

In the course of organizing the management of joint actions, the procedure for organizing and ensuring communication of interaction, the use of an automated control complex, and the exchange of information are determined, including the issues of covert command and control of troops.

73. When performing tasks together with units of internal troops interaction is organized on issues of fire engagement of the enemy in the interests of protecting and defending important military, state facilities and facilities on communications, combating enemy landings, its sabotage and reconnaissance groups and irregular armed formations, as well as ensuring the regime of martial law (state of emergency).

When performing tasks together with units of the Border Guard Service Federal Service security interaction is organized on issues of fire engagement of the enemy in order to strengthen the protection and protection of the state border, solve problems in the border zone (security zone), including the performance of reconnaissance tasks, the destruction of forces special operations, landings of the enemy, his sabotage and reconnaissance groups and irregular armed formations, liquidation of the remnants of the defeated units and subunits of the enemy.

When performing certain tasks of civil defense together with units and organizations Civil Defense Russian Federation interaction is organized on the implementation of measures to protect the population, material and cultural values ​​on the territory of the Russian Federation from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions; carrying out rescue and other urgent work; providing the affected population with food, water, basic necessities and other material means; evacuation of the population, material and cultural values ​​from the combat zone; carrying out works on restoration of objects of life support of the population.

C h a p t r e t

COMBAT USE OF ARTILLERY UNIT IN DEFENSE

1. General Provisions

74. Artillery subunits in the defense, in accordance with the tasks performed by combined arms formations and units, participate in general and direct fire engagement of the enemy.

Total fire damage organized and carried out by the senior manager. In the course of a general fire engagement, a division (battery) may participate in delivering massed and concentrated fire strikes.

Direct fire damage to the enemy organized by decision of the commander of a combined-arms formation (unit) and carried out in concert with the actions of units (subunits) of the first echelon in their area of ​​​​responsibility when they solve tactical tasks. When combined-arms formations (units) perform these tasks, artillery hits the enemy in the course of artillery preparation to repel an enemy offensive in the support zone and artillery support of the defending forward detachments (detachment); artillery preparation to repulse the offensive of the main enemy forces and artillery support of the defending troops during the battle for holding defense sectors (regions) by regiments (battalions) of the first and second echelons; artillery preparation for a counterattack and artillery support for the counterattacking second echelon (combined arms reserve).

When an enemy tactical air assault (airmobile group) is destroyed, its fire defeat is carried out in the course of artillery preparation for the offensive and artillery support of the units destroying the airborne assault (airmobile group).

75. When the enemy advances from the depth artillery preparation to repel an offensive the enemy is carried out in order to disrupt (disorganize) his advancement, deployment and transition to the attack, inflicting damage on units and subunits of the first echelon. It begins with the advancing enemy troops reaching the range of artillery fire and continues until it goes over to the attack.

When the enemy advances from a position of direct contact, the duration of artillery preparation to repel the offensive will be determined, as a rule, by the volume of tasks assigned to artillery and the established consumption of ammunition. It begins, as a rule, with the beginning of the enemy's fire preparation and continues until he goes over to the attack.

Artillery support for the defending troops carried out in order to inflict maximum damage on the enemy and prevent his breakthrough into the depth of defense. It begins with the transition of the enemy to the attack and continues until the defending subunits complete the tactical task.

In a mobile defense, artillery preparation to repulse an offensive and artillery support of the defending troops can take place while holding each position (line) of the defense within the designated zone (section) of the defense.

76. Artillery preparation for a counterattack is carried out with the aim of inflicting a decisive defeat on the enemy who has penetrated in front of the front and on the flanks of the line of counterattack of the second echelon (combined arms reserve), defeating and delaying his nearest reserves. It begins at the appointed time and continues until the motorized rifle and tank subunits of the second echelon (combined arms reserve) reach the counterattack line (the line of safe distance from their shell explosions, if counterattacking troops are supported by concentrated fire and fire at individual targets). Artillery preparation for a counterattack may consist of one or more fire raids. The last fire raid is carried out on the objects of attack and begins no later than the counterattacking subunits reach the line of fire of the enemy anti-tank weapons.

Artillery support for the counterattack is carried out in order to ensure the advancement of counterattacking units to the depth of the assigned task. It begins with the exit of counterattacking subunits to the line of counterattack (the line of safe distance from the explosions of their shells) and continues until they complete their assigned task.

77. In the course of engaging the enemy with fire, a division (battery) destroys (suppresses) means using nuclear and chemical weapons, artillery, mortar batteries (platoons); tanks, armored vehicles, manpower, enemy anti-tank weapons, command and control posts for troops and weapons, air defense equipment, electronic equipment, carries out remote mining of the terrain.

When conducting combat operations at night, a division (battery) can be involved in illuminating the area, blinding the enemy, and during counterattacks, set up light landmarks (targets).

78. An artillery battalion, as a rule, operates as part of an artillery unit (group) or is directly subordinate to the commander of a combined arms unit. A battalion from an artillery unit (group) may be assigned to support a combined arms unit (subunit) or remain an assistant to the group commander.

A battalion (primarily self-propelled) can be attached to a battalion operating in the supply zone or defending in a forward position, as well as assigned to the rear guard when leaving the battle and retreating.

An artillery battery, as a rule, operates as part of a division. It can be attached to a combined-arms unit, assigned to support it or remain at hand to the division commander, and when leaving the battle and retreating, it can be included in the cover or march guard units.

A fire platoon (gun) usually operates as part of a battery (platoon).

In order to mislead the enemy about the composition of artillery, its location and the system of fire, according to the plan of the senior commander, an artillery battery (platoon, gun) can act as a nomadic battery.

The mortar battery usually remains directly subordinate to the battalion commander and performs tasks at his direction. In some cases, it can be attached to a company or platoon companies of the first echelon.

79. The artillery battalion (battery) is usually assigned the main, one or two spare, and, if necessary, temporary areas of firing positions. In the area of ​​the firing positions of the division, two or three firing positions are prepared for each battery. The firing positions of the batteries are chosen, as a rule, in tank-hazardous directions in such a way that in the event of a breakthrough of enemy tanks (infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers) into the depth of defense, the batteries could destroy them with direct fire.

The firing positions of the mortar battery, as a rule, are assigned behind the second trench in the folds of the terrain. She can also be assigned to the main, reserve and temporary firing positions.

80. An anti-tank artillery battalion (anti-tank battery) in the defense, as a rule, constitutes an anti-tank reserve or is part of it and performs the following tasks: destroys enemy tanks and armored vehicles that have broken through into the depths of the defense; covers gaps in the defense formed as a result of enemy fire and nuclear strikes, gaps between combined arms subunits and open flanks of a combined arms formation (unit); covers the advancement and deployment of the second echelon (combined arms reserve) to the firing line and to conduct a counterattack. In addition, during the battle, a division (battery) can be involved in the destruction of an enemy airborne assault.

An anti-tank artillery battalion (anti-tank battery) performs assigned tasks, as a rule, in close cooperation with a mobile detachment of obstacles of a combined arms formation (unit), a helicopter unit, anti-tank weapons of motorized rifle units, tanks (infantry fighting vehicles) of the second echelons and artillery located on closed fire positions.

An anti-tank artillery battalion (anti-tank battery) in the most tank-prone areas is assigned a main, one or two spare concentration areas and deployment lines. Concentration areas, deployment lines and maneuver routes are chosen in the absence of direct contact with the enemy and prepared in advance.

An anti-tank platoon (squad) of a battalion (company), as a rule, remains directly subordinate to the battalion (company) commander. On closed and rough terrain, an anti-tank platoon (squad) of a battalion (company) can be attached to first-echelon companies.

The firing positions of guns allocated for direct fire (anti-tank missile systems) are selected and equipped with the calculation of firing in the designated sectors of fire. The location of guns (anti-tank missile systems) should provide mutual fire communication with neighboring fire weapons.

81. A reconnaissance artillery battalion (artillery reconnaissance battery) operates as part of an artillery unit (group). A separate reconnaissance artillery battalion is directly subordinate to the senior commander. Part of the artillery reconnaissance units (equipment) of reconnaissance artillery battalions (artillery reconnaissance batteries), by decision of the senior commander (chief), may be attached to artillery subunits or assigned to them to serve firing.

To ensure the continuity of reconnaissance in the defense, reserve deployment lines and positions of artillery reconnaissance assets are prepared in advance, which are selected in the depths of the defense in accordance with the tactical tasks being solved by the combined arms subunits.

2. Preparation of hostilities

82. The preparation of combat operations of a division (battery) can be carried out when our troops go on the defensive in conditions of direct contact and outside contact with the enemy.

During the transition to defense under conditions direct contact with the enemy clarification of the mission, assessment of the situation, and development of a plan (proposals) for combat operations occurs in the course of organizing the capture by a combined-arms subunit of the line indicated by the senior commander. In the course of supporting actions while securing combined arms units at the indicated line, the division (battery) commander completes the development of an idea (proposals to the combined arms commander) for the combat use of the division (battery), gives the units preliminary combat orders, completes the decision, sets tasks for the units, gives instructions on interaction with combined arms (reconnaissance) units, comprehensive support, management and organizes engineering equipment of elements order of battle division (batteries).

Subsequently, the battalion (battery) commander specifies tasks for subordinate commanders on the ground.

On the defensive out of contact with the enemy the division (battery) commander, upon receiving the task, makes a decision on the map, brings it to his deputies, unit commanders, participates in reconnaissance conducted by the senior artillery commander (combined arms commander), issues a combat order, organizes interaction (participates in organizing interaction), comprehensive combat operations and control. Then he carries out the withdrawal of the division (battery) to the area of ​​​​firing positions (area of ​​concentration, deployment line, positions) and the preparation of units for combat operations.

83. Fire planning is carried out in accordance with the tactical tasks performed by the combined arms subunit (unit) and includes: clarification of fire tasks; clarification on the ground of the position and size of the observed targets (sections, lines); distribution of fire missions between batteries in accordance with their fire capabilities, location and observation conditions; determination of additional fire missions that can be performed by a division (battery) in the interests of a combined arms unit; determination of the method of shelling targets and the procedure for performing fire missions.

The battalion prepares fire in advance at reconnoitred targets, knots, bridges and crossings on probable routes of advance of the enemy, the lines of his deployment in pre-battle and combat formations, in front of the forward position, the forward edge, prepared positions in the depth of defense, in the intervals between strong points, on the flanks and directions of counterattacks, based on the probable nature of the enemy's actions, taking into account the conditions of the terrain.

84. During the reconnaissance , carried out by the senior artillery commander (chief), commander of a combined arms unit (unit), the division (battery) commander, assistant battalion commander for artillery on the ground specifies:

position of the enemy, tank-dangerous and most probable directions of his offensive, possible lines of deployment;

the outline of the front line of defense, the area of ​​defense (strong point), demarcation lines and combat missions of combined arms units;

tasks performed by the means of the senior commander and other fire means;

directions and lines of deployment for counterattacks;

tasks performed by the division (battery);

places of deployment of command and observation posts (lines of deployment of positions of artillery reconnaissance units (means));

studies the areas of firing positions (concentration areas and deployment lines) and maneuver routes, the sequence and timing of the engineering equipment of elements of the battle order.

methods of target designation, the procedure for maintaining communication, call signals, transfer and ceasefire.

The commander of an anti-tank battalion (batteries) additionally specifies on the ground: lines of fire for batteries (platoons), additional sectors of fire; the lines of opening fire and the lines of the beginning of lighting.

If necessary, the division (battery) commander conducts reconnaissance with the commanders of subordinate units.

85. When organizing interaction by the commander of a combined-arms subunit (unit), the commander of a division (battery) coordinates: the actions of artillery subunits with combined-arms subunits defending in the supply zone, at the forward position (combat outpost position), operating in fire ambushes, when the enemy is hit during his advance and deployment, repulsing his attack, wedging into the defense, on the flanks, in the gaps and at the junctions with neighboring units, as well as when the second echelon (combined arms reserve) enters the firing lines and during counterattacks; clarifies the procedure for maintaining communication with the commander of a combined arms unit (unit), methods of target designation, control and interaction signals.

The commander of an anti-tank artillery battalion (battery), appointed by the commander of an anti-tank reserve, coordinates the procedure for interaction with a mobile detachment of obstacles and with other units performing tasks to combat tanks and other armored vehicles of the enemy. When coordinating actions with the mobile obstacle detachment, he clarifies the mining lines of the mobile obstacle detachment, the routes and procedure for its advancement to the mining lines, understands the places of passages in the obstacles and their designation, coordinates the places of command and observation posts, the procedure for maintaining communication, control and interaction signals.

86. The deployment of a division (battery, platoon) into battle formation is carried out covertly, usually in a short time. The battalion (battery, platoon) occupies the area of ​​firing positions (concentration area, deployment line, positions), prepares fire at the indicated areas, lines (reconnaissance) and provides engineering equipment for the area of ​​firing positions (deployment lines, positions).

During the transition to defense in conditions of direct contact with the enemy, the occupation of the firing position area (concentration area, deployment line, positions) is carried out, as a rule, after the combined-arms unit is fixed on the captured line. First of all, measures are taken to quickly organize fire engagement (reconnaissance) of the enemy in the probable direction of attack of his main forces.

In all cases, when a division (battery, platoon) occupies a firing position area (area of ​​concentration, deployment line, positions), it must be ready for fire engagement (reconnaissance) of the enemy.

87. When preparing for combat operations at night, the commander of an artillery battalion (battery) is obliged to: organize the preparation of command posts, firing positions of batteries for work at night; clarify the sequence of actions of combined-arms subunits and the procedure for performing fire missions by a division (battery); to clarify the areas and lines of illumination of the terrain, the lines of blinding of observation posts and enemy fire weapons, light reference points (crossroads); clarify the procedure and duration of illumination (blinding) of each district (section, line); if necessary, move advanced observation posts closer to the forward edge; distribute lighting and smoke ammunition; to clarify the procedure for interaction with anti-tank artillery units when illuminating attacking enemy tanks and other armored vehicles.

At the firing positions of the batteries, in preparation for work at night, night aiming points are set, lighting projectiles and means of illuminating the approaches to the firing position are prepared, guns are pointed and ammunition is prepared for barrage fire in front of the front line of defense.

The commander of an anti-tank artillery battalion (battery), in preparation for combat operations at night, establishes contact with the commander of the unit assigned for illumination, in the interests of action anti-tank units, clarifies to him the boundaries of the beginning and the procedure for covering targets (lines), and also clarifies to the unit commanders the procedure for performing tasks.

88. The engineering equipment of the elements of the combat order of the division (batteries, platoon) can begin before or after their occupation. It includes: checking the area for the presence of mines and demining; fortification equipment for areas of firing positions (concentration areas, deployment lines, positions), deployment sites for command and observation posts; areas of location of technical support and rear units; installation of engineering barriers; preparation of maneuver routes; implementation of engineering measures for protection and camouflage.

The nature, sequence and timing of the engineering equipment of the elements of the combat order of the division (batteries, platoon) are determined by the senior commander.

First of all, the following are being equipped: firing positions of guns (anti-tank missile systems, positions of SNAR stations, ARC complexes, sound reconnaissance posts), command and observation posts; blocked slots for personnel; measures are being taken to camouflage weapons and military equipment, ways of advance and ways of maneuver are being prepared. Secondly, the additional equipment of the area of ​​firing positions (concentration areas, deployment lines, positions, posts), command and observation posts is carried out; false firing positions are being set up.

Concealment of areas of firing positions (concentration areas, deployment lines, positions) is carried out continuously.

89. Control over the fulfillment of assigned tasks, in addition to the usual issues, includes checking: the timeliness and correctness of the division (battery, platoon) occupying the area of ​​​​firing positions (concentration area, deployment line, positions, posts) and their readiness for firing (reconnaissance), especially at night and in other conditions of limited visibility; the readiness of the fortification equipment of the elements of battle order and the degree of camouflage; readiness of the control system.

By monitoring the readiness for firing, the division (battery) commander checks: the knowledge by the division commanders of the firing tasks of batteries (platoons) and the procedure for their implementation; the completeness and quality of the implementation of measures for the preparation of firing and fire control the correct determination of installations for firing at planned targets

90. In order to ensure the constant readiness of subordinate units for combat operations, the division (battery, platoon) commander additionally determines (specifies): the order of duty in units and especially at command and observation posts; the procedure for the destruction of detected individual enemy groups and their fire weapons; the procedure for admission to the units of persons who arrived from the senior chief and from neighbors; ways and order of movement in the area of ​​firing positions (concentration area, deployment line, position); the order of transition from daytime to nighttime activities and from nighttime to daytime; the number of ammunition and their stock in the subdivisions; time and order of meals; the procedure for carrying out sanitary and hygienic measures; time and procedure for carrying out comprehensive support measures.

3. Warfare

91. Prior to the start of the enemy offensive, the division (battery, platoon) is in combat formations in constant readiness for combat operations, improves the engineering equipment of the elements of the combat formation and takes measures to prepare for combat operations, as well as measures to improve the morale and psychological state of the personnel.

An anti-tank artillery battalion (anti-tank battery), as a rule, is located in the main area of ​​​​concentration in readiness to advance to the deployment lines.

92. When the enemy goes on the offensive with advancement from the depth, the division (battery) attached (assigned to support) to the combined arms unit operating in the supply zone or at the forward position strikes the advancing enemy, starting from the maximum range, together with the combined arms units, repels the attack of the enemy’s advanced units, supports subunits during combat in position, does not allow them to bypass and envelop, covers the exit from the battle and the withdrawal of subunits to the next position.

Fire missions to defeat the enemy are carried out from temporary firing positions, which are selected and prepared in advance.

Covering the withdrawal of combined-arms subunits from one position to another, the division usually changes firing positions by battery, command and observation posts move together with the commanders of combined-arms subunits. A division (battery) performs a maneuver at the command (signal) or with the permission of the senior artillery commander (chief), and a division (battery) attached to a combined arms unit, with the permission of the commander of this unit.

After completing the tasks of supporting combined arms units in the support zone, the division (battery) moves to the main area of ​​​​firing positions. The passage of a division (battery) operating in the support zone is carried out through the abandoned passages in the engineering barriers in front of the front line of defense under the cover of fire from the artillery of the main forces and other fire weapons.

93. During the period artillery preparation to repel an offensive of the main enemy forces, the division (battery) strikes artillery and mortar batteries, enemy columns during the advance, tank and motorized infantry units at the deployment lines, and command posts.

During artillery support of the defending troops division (battery) with concentrated fire, fire at a separate target, mobile and stationary barrage fire defeats tanks and others armored vehicles, upsets the enemy's battle formations and creates favorable conditions for destroying him with anti-tank fire. As the enemy approaches the front line of the defense, the fire of the subunits is brought to the highest tension. In front of the front line of defense, the battalion (battery) cuts off the infantry from the tanks and destroys it with stationary barrage fire, together with the defending subunits.

In the event of an enemy wedging into the defense, the division (battery) with concentrated fire and fire at individual targets defeats the enemy wedged in, barrage fire prevents the enemy from spreading in depth, covers open flanks, and prevents the approach of enemy reserves.

When counterattacking As a combined-arms subunit, a battalion (battery) destroys and suppresses anti-tank and other fire weapons, tanks and manpower of the enemy in the direction of the counterattack, as well as newly identified artillery and mortar batteries.

Artillery support of a counterattack combined-arms unit is carried out, as a rule, by concentrated fire and fire at individual targets.

After the counterattack by the combined arms unit and the restoration of the situation, the division commander sets the task for the batteries to prepare fire to secure the captured line, organizes a change in the area of ​​​​firing positions, as well as replenishment of the units with ammunition.

94. A division (battery) performs a maneuver to a new area of ​​firing positions during a defensive battle on command (a signal) or with the permission of a senior artillery commander (chief), and a division attached to a combined arms unit, with the permission of the commander of this unit.

Depending on the conditions of the situation, the battalion is moved by all batteries simultaneously or by battery. During the movement, the division (battery) must be ready to deploy to unprepared firing positions.

95. An anti-tank artillery battalion (battery) in the course of a battle, at the command (signal) of a senior commander (chief), quickly advances to a specified prepared or unprepared line, deploys in battle formation and destroys advancing tanks and other armored vehicles of the enemy.

After repulsing an attack by tanks (infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers) of the enemy, the anti-tank division (battery) must be ready to repel repeated attacks from the same line, or to move to a new line of deployment or to the area of ​​concentration. In order to repel repeated attacks by enemy tanks from the occupied line, an anti-tank artillery battalion (battery), as a rule, carries out a partial change in the firing positions of batteries (platoons, guns, installations of anti-tank missile systems).

PROGRAM

COMBAT TRAINING OF UNITS

GROUND FORCES

Book 12

FOR MEDICAL UNITS

Approved by the head of the Main Military Medical Directorate

MOSCOW-2014

Unit Combat Training Program ground forces for units of constant readiness engaged in combat training on a one-year training cycle, it consists of 13 books intended for training:

Book 1. Motorized rifle units.

Book 2. Tank units.

Book 3. Divisions missile troops and artillery.

Book 4. Anti-aircraft missile (anti-aircraft missile and artillery) units.

Book 5. Intelligence units.

Book 6. EW divisions.

Book 7. Communication units.

Book 8. Divisions of engineering troops.

Book 9. Divisions of the RCB protection.

Book 10. Technical support divisions.

Book 11. Logistic units.

Book 12. Medical units.

Book 13. Support units (command's and training (clerks and clerks)).

The program is designed to train medical units of formations (military units) of the Ground Forces.

The program was developed by the Main Military Medical Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation together with the Combat Training Directorate of the Ground Forces.

When developing the Program, the following were taken into account: new directions in the combat training of combined arms units, modern requirements for the content and volume of training tasks, experience in combat operations and training of units during armed conflicts and local wars; proposals of military districts, military branches and services.

Send your suggestions and comments on improving the training of personnel of the medical service to the developers at: 119160,
Moscow, st. Znamenka 19, Main Military Medical Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

GENERAL PROVISIONS

combat training is the main content of the daily activities of commanders (chiefs), command and control bodies (headquarters) and troops. It is carried out both in peacetime and in wartime and is due to the state's needs for well-trained military personnel, subunits, military units and formations capable of successfully fulfilling the tasks assigned to them.

learning objectivesare: training of military personnel, combat groups (crews, crews) and subunits, for the successful completion of combat missions in modern combined arms combat; the formation of high moral and combat qualities among the personnel.

The main tasks of combat trainingare:

maintaining a high constant combat readiness of subunits for the performance of combat missions (tasks for their intended purpose);

instilling solid professional knowledge and skills in commanders, developing in them commanding qualities, pedagogical skills in training and educating subordinates, as well as skills in managing crews, crews, units and fire in the performance of assigned tasks and their further improvement;

training of military personnel to perform their official and special duties both independently and as part of crews, crews, units in the course of performing combat (special) tasks and the skillful use of standard weapons and military equipment for combat mission;

coordination of crews, calculations, units, improvement of field training;

mastering new models of weapons and military equipment (WME), instilling in personnel knowledge and skills in carrying out their maintenance and maintaining them in readiness for combat use, fulfilling security requirements;

verification during training of the statutory provisions on the organization and conduct of combat (tactical actions), the development of new methods of conducting combat operations;

training military personnel in strict and precise compliance with the requirements of the laws of the Russian Federation and general military regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;

education among the personnel of high morale and combat qualities, a sense of responsibility for the defense of the Fatherland, vigilance, discipline, diligence, and military camaraderie;

the development of high psychological stability, courage and determination, physical endurance and dexterity, ingenuity, and the ability to overcome difficulties among personnel combined arms combat, the ability to endure physical and psychological stress in difficult conditions;

training military personnel to comply with the norms of international humanitarian law and rules of conduct in the conduct of war (during armed conflicts).

Basic principles of combat training are:

to teach troops (forces) what is needed in the war;

ensuring constant combat readiness;

visibility and maximum approximation to the situation of a real battle;

each commander (chief) trains his subordinates;

skillful combination of various forms and methods of teaching;

systematic and methodical sequence of training (“From the simple to the complex, from the known to the unknown”) ;

collective and individual approach to learning;

scientific teaching;

availability of training;

unity of training and military education;

Form of study- organizational side educational process. It depends on the goal, the composition of the trainees and determines the structure of the lesson, the place and duration of working out training issues, the role and specifics of the activities of the leader, his assistant and trainees, the use of elements of the educational and material base, combat training and military equipment.

The main forms of education are: lectures, seminars, interviews, training (simulators), control classes (tests), self-training, class-group classes, briefings, instructor-methodical classes, demonstration classes, tactical briefings, group exercises, tactical drills, tactical classes, tactical (tactical-special) exercises.

By organization of trainees forms of education are divided into individual, group and collective.

Individual forms of training involve the personal work of the teacher with the student (for example, training to develop an individual standard) or the work of the student as part of a group, but on an individual assignment.

Group forms of training are used when conducting classes as part of a subdivision - a department (crew, crew, group, etc.) that works out common educational issues and educational tasks (standards).

Collective forms of training involve the involvement of large military teams - groups in military specialties, units (platoon, company, battalion and their equals), military units, formations and their command and control bodies (headquarters), practicing various educational issues according to a single plan (plan) , educational tasks.

By venue forms of training are subdivided: into those conducted on the ground (objects of the field training and material base, in the field); at the objects of the orderly educational and material base; in classrooms; at combat posts, weapons, military and special equipment.

In classrooms, as a rule, theoretical forms of education are carried out. If the classrooms are equipped with training facilities, then individual practical actions can be practiced in them.

By intended purpose forms of education are divided into educational and planned and control and verification.

Educational and planned forms of training are used to work out combat training programs and fulfill training plans (combat training plans).

Control and verification forms of training are used by commanders (chiefs) in order to determine the level of training of subordinate personnel, their ability to perform combat missions (tasks for their intended purpose).

The nature learning activities forms of education are divided into theoretical, practical and mixed.

Target theoretical forms of education - the assimilation of general military and special knowledge, the theoretical foundations of tactics modern combat, the physical foundations and principles of the operation of weapons, military and special equipment, the study of the theory of shooting and the material part of weapons, etc. These include: lecture, story, conversation (story-talk), seminar and briefing.

Lecture- a form of theoretical studies. The lecture is held for the purpose of oral presentation of the material in combination with the demonstration of visual aids by the head of the lesson. The main purpose of the lecture is to give material to the trainees for their subsequent independent work.

Story - form of theoretical studies, narrative presentation educational material. It is also used in practical forms of training in the course of bringing the algorithm (order) of work (for example, the algorithm for working out the standard - story, show, training).

Conversation (story-conversation)- a form of theoretical studies. The conversation is conducted in order to transfer the knowledge of the leader of the lesson to the trainees on those issues for which the trainees are not sufficiently prepared, as well as to determine the level of their preparation on certain topics. During the conversation, for the leader of the lesson, the main thing is to establish personal psychological contact with the trainees, study the personality of the trainees, search for an individual approach to each of them. The conversation has the maximum effectiveness if it is conducted with one soldier or a group with a small number.

Seminar- a form of theoretical studies. The seminar is held with the aim of discussing and developing a common understanding of the issues under study, verification, deepening and consolidation, obtained in previous classes and as a result of independent study of the material of the theoretical knowledge of students, the development of their independent thinking.

The objectives of the seminar are achieved by an active discussion of the content of the topic under study, the issue.

briefing- a form of theoretical studies. The briefing is carried out in order to inform (remind) the leaders (assistant leaders) of the classes of the methods of conducting classes, and the military personnel - the procedure and rules for performing official and special duties in the process of upcoming work or solving planned tasks. Briefings with leaders (assistant leaders) of classes are held in advance on topics on which instructor-methodical classes are not organized.

Target practical forms of training - mastering the techniques and actions with weapons and when arming combat vehicles (military and special equipment), the use of individual and collective protective equipment; working out the requirements of the charters and instructions of the Armed Forces; the formation and improvement of the practical skills of military personnel in conducting combat operations in difficult conditions of combined arms combat; independent work in service, military and special equipment; working out the coordination of numbers of crews, crews and subunits in the preparation of weapons, military and special equipment for combat use; preparation and coordination of subunits, formations and military units; improvement of field training.

These include: training, instructor-methodical lesson, tactical drill lesson, tactical (tactical-special) lesson, combat readiness lesson, complex lesson, tactical (tactical-special) exercise.

Workout- a form of practical training. Trainings are carried out with the aim of developing, maintaining and improving the practical skills of military personnel necessary for the performance of official and special duties and coordinated actions to fulfill (ensure the fulfillment) of combat missions by units and military units.

Training, as well as training exercises, can be carried out on educational issues of various subjects of training: tactical, fire, physical, drill, special, psychological, military medical, radio training and others.

Training exercises are one of the most common forms of personnel training. They can be involved as individual military personnel (individual training), crews, shifts, squads (group training), as well as subunits and military units in full strength. The workouts are usually short-term. In training, one, sometimes two, training questions are worked out. Compliance training is of particular importance. For training, the most poorly worked out training questions and standards are chosen. The leader of the training may be an officer, sergeant, the most competent and methodically trained on specific topics of the Program. Training can be carried out at any time, day or night, during the movement (on the march) of units, in the barracks, during shifts and combat duty, during classes to make full use of pauses and breaks.

Instructor-methodical lesson- a form of practical training of officers, sergeants (foremen) for the training of subordinates.

Instructor-methodical classes are conducted with the aim of mastering the correct methodology for preparing and conducting classes on a specific topic and the advanced, most rational ways and methods of work as leaders of upcoming classes. At the same time, they check the theoretical and practical readiness of the leaders of the classes (leaders at the training places) to conduct classes on this topic, clarify certain issues of the content of the topic, and the material and technical support of the classes.

The instructional and methodological lesson is conducted by the senior commander (chief), as a rule, 3-5 days before the start of the lesson, and when conducted with sergeants (foremen) it is reflected in the class schedule. The effectiveness of instructor-methodical classes is achieved by practicing techniques and actions by the trainees themselves.

Tactical combat lesson- the most effective form of practical training of subunits and military units during their coordination (combat coordination). It is intended for practicing tactical techniques and methods of action of soldiers and subunits in the course of developing tactical standards with strict observance of the principle "from simple to complex".

In the course of tactical drill exercises, training issues (tasks, actions) are first worked out element by element at a slow pace, and then all together within the time limits established by the standards; first without weapons, equipment, equipment, and then in vehicles, with full equipment, with the required weapons; at the beginning in simple conditions, then on a complex tactical background with the designation of enemy actions; first during the day, then at night. The development of techniques and methods of action or the educational issue as a whole is repeated until the trainees learn to perform them correctly and at the right pace. Only after that, the next training question is worked out.

The tactical situation in the lesson is created to work out each educational issue separately and may not be associated with a single plan.

Tactical combat exercises with subunits always precede tactical (tactical-special) exercises. They are organized and conducted by direct commanders: with a platoon - the platoon commander, with a company (group) - the company (group) commander, with a military unit - the commander of the military unit.

Tactical (tactical-special) lesson- is the highest form of training for tactical (tactical-special) training units, one of the forms of training for military units, providing field training for personnel. Tactical (tactical-special) exercises are intended for coordination (combat coordination) of military units (subdivisions), practical development of a combat plan (plan of use) in a set of measures, and assessment of the level of training of military units (subdivisions).

Tactical exercises can also be called exercises conducted with companies (platoons) and their equals, if their goal is to work out the tasks of the tactics of conducting combined arms combat. At a tactical (tactical-special) lesson, training tasks are worked out in conditions as close as possible to combat, without pauses and breaks, with a military unit (unit) in full force with standard weapons, control and communication facilities, the necessary amount of military equipment, providing high-quality testing educational questions.

In the course of tactical (tactical-special) training, the commander not only gets the practice of managing subordinates, but also improves his skills in organizing combat. Therefore, the content of tactical (tactical-special) classes includes such issues as decision-making, planning the combat use of units, conducting reconnaissance, reconnaissance, setting tasks for subordinates, organizing interaction and comprehensive support.

The actions or consequences of the enemy's actions are indicated (simulated) by specially allocated and trained teams and means.

A tactical (tactical-special) lesson with subunits (military units) is carried out by the head of the position one step higher than the subunit (military unit) commander. Based on the results of tactical (tactical-special) training, the level of field training and coherence of the unit (military unit) is determined, an assessment is determined for tactical (tactical-special) training, and other subjects of study.

Combat readiness training a practical form of training military personnel, coordinating subunits (formations; military units) in the procedure for carrying out measures to bring them to the highest degree of combat readiness. The essence of a combat readiness lesson lies in the practical development of measures to bring to the highest degree of combat readiness, the procedure for action according to the degree of combat readiness in real time (hour by hour) against a single tactical background, with minimal use of equipment, in conditions of real staffing and security material means.

The combat readiness training is carried out in three stages.

At the first stage, classes are held with personnel to study special duties and tactical drills as part of subunits and formations (military unit).

At the second stage, a complex training is carried out in real time "hour by hour".

At the third, final stage, additional classes are held on poorly developed issues, maintenance of weapons, military and special equipment, summing up, clarifying plans for bringing to combat readiness, use and training.

The main teaching methods used in conducting combat readiness classes are training and practical work. Additionally, methods of explaining the educational material, showing and demonstrating can be used.

Complex lesson- the main form of practical training of military personnel, shifts, calculations for the implementation of the entire scope of official and special duties in peacetime and wartime. In the course of a comprehensive lesson, all military personnel of the unit, regardless of categories and positions held, against a tactical background, according to a single plan, are trained in various subjects of training in the correct and uniform performance of actions (techniques, standards, exercises). In complex classes, the training of military personnel is carried out in a complex on all educational issues, regardless of what subjects they relate to. This allows you to qualitatively improve the learning process and achieve results in more a short time. For example, in a tactical training lesson, you can work out in a complex issues of fire, engineering, military medical, physical training, radiation, chemical and biological protection etc.

At a complex lesson, practical actions are worked out sequentially according to the introductory ones issued by the leader of the lesson. If necessary, the leader of the lesson can explain and show the correct procedure for performing certain techniques and actions before starting to work them out.

Complex classes are divided into credit and training.

To ensure the high quality of a comprehensive lesson and the maximum load of trainees, the leader of the lesson attracts required amount assistants (instructors).

tactical exercises conducted with motorized rifle, motorized rifle (mountain) tank, airborne (parachute, air assault, air assault (mountain) units (military units, formations), as well as units (military units, formations) of the Marine Corps are combined arms tactical exercises.

According to the methods of performing fire missions, combined arms tactical exercises are divided into exercises with live firing, without live firing and with the use of laser firing and destruction simulators (LISP).

Combined arms tactical exercises are complex combat training events and are held on topics including issues of combat and mobilization readiness, preparation and conduct of combat operations, command and control of formations, military units and subunits in battle, and comprehensive combat support.

Teachings are distinguished by purpose, conditions of preparation and conduct.

tactical exercise- the highest form of combat training of subunits, military units, formations. It is carried out in order to check and improve the combat training of personnel, coherence (combat coherence) of subunits, military units and formations, as well as the skills of commanders and command and control agencies in organizing combat operations and commanding troops (forces).

Tactical-special doctrine- a form of tactical and special training of units, military units of special forces and rear. It is usually carried out as unilateral with a designated enemy in order to coordinate (combat coordination) subunits and military units, prepare them to perform tasks in battle in accordance with their intended purpose, develop and improve interaction with the provided combined arms subunits (military units), improve the skills of commanders (chiefs) and headquarters in the organization ensuring combat.

The essence of a tactical (special-tactical) exercise lies in the fact that in the course of its commander, command and control body, personnel practically perform tasks according to a single plan in a general, continuously developing environment, in various combat conditions, day and night, at any time of the year. .

Tactical (tactical-special) exercises are conducted at training grounds (regions) that ensure the use of subunits (military units, formations) in the conditions for which they were trained.

To mixed forms of training, that is, conducted both theoretically and practically, include: class-group lesson, demonstrative lesson, unit's exit to the training ground, field exit, control lesson, test lesson (test), competition.

Classroom group lesson- one of the forms of training of military personnel as part of training groups. Designed for theoretical and practical training of all categories of military units and military units. A class-group lesson is held in order to study educational issues and deepen knowledge on individual issues, in a specially prepared and equipped with all the necessary educational equipment and manuals in the classroom (office, hall, room). In the course of a class-group lesson, the leader can use the elements of lectures, conversations, demonstrations, and discussions. If there are educational and training aids in the lesson, students can practice individual actions in practice to more fully consolidate the knowledge gained.

ostentatious occupation- a form of theoretical and practical classes. The demonstrative lesson is carried out in order to assimilate the established sequence and the most rational methods for performing actions in armament, military and special equipment, bringing the advanced and highest quality methods and methods of solving tasks assigned to the formation, military unit, subdivision of tasks. At a demonstration lesson, students observe exemplary actions of specially trained units, military personnel, inspect and, if necessary, practically test exemplary prepared objects, units, systems, documents.

The exit of the unit to the landfill - a form of training for subunits to work out the issues of field training, actions in armament and on military equipment with the obligatory working out of the prescribed standards. Classes are organized on a unit scale (battalion, company). Officers of the battalion administration, the headquarters of the formation (military unit), heads of military branches and services are involved in its implementation. When entering the training ground, the personnel of the unit are released from guard, internal services.

field output- a comprehensive practical form of training of military units and subunits to improve field skills.

The purpose of the field exit is to improve the coordination of units; in the preparation of commanders, staffs and personnel for the upcoming tactical exercises; instilling practical skills in the organization of combat training, life and life in the field.

The battalion subunits enter the field exit in full force on regular military equipment with the involvement of attached and supporting units.

Control lesson conducted by the commander (chief) in order to determine the level of training of the personnel of subunits (military unit) in terms of the subject of training, coherence of the unit, knowledge and skills of military personnel to perform their official and special duties.

When conducting a control lesson, the leader can choose any suitable teaching methods. The main thing is that in the course of the lesson the maximum load of students is ensured, for which the necessary number of training places is organized, and assistants to the leader are appointed at the training places. A control lesson should always pursue a methodological goal - to show an exemplary methodology for conducting classes for training unit commanders. Control exercises can be conducted during tactical exercises (tactical-special) exercises, tactical (tactical-special) exercises.

Test lesson (test) conducted in the course of the training process to determine the level of training of personnel on individual topics or sections of combat training programs.

Competitions are carried out with the aim of improving the training of military personnel, determining the best in their specialty from among the rank and file and sergeant (foreman) staff, as well as the best units (crew, platoon, company and their equals).

I. QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

TO MILITARY PERSONNEL AND UNITS

As a result of the implementation of the Combat Training Program, military personnel must :

to be: vigilant, steadfast, brave, courageous, devoted to their Motherland - the Russian Federation, ready to courageously defend the freedom, independence and constitutional order of Russia, the people and the Fatherland, disciplined, decisive, courageous, proactive, hardy military personnel, able to endure all hardships and deprivation of the combat situation, skillfully act independently and as part of their unit;

knowledge: the basics of combined arms combat; their official duties, the procedure for their execution in all types of hostilities; control, notification and interaction signals; code of conduct for a participant in hostilities; organization, armament and combat capabilities of the platoon in which they serve, as well as the organization, armament, combat capabilities and tactics of the squad and platoon of the armies of the main foreign countries and irregular armed formations (IrVF); the procedure for conducting reconnaissance by observation, in ambush and in combat reconnaissance patrol (BRD); the material part of regular weapons (weapons), shooting rules, techniques and methods of firing from it; general device BMM (BTR, MTLB); rules for negotiating on regular means of communication of the squad (platoon); methods and sequence of engineering equipment and camouflage of a single trench, a trench for a squad, a trench (shelter) for BMM (armored personnel carrier, MTLB); engineering barriers; device, principle of operation, rules for the installation and clearance of mines Russian Army, the armies of the main foreign states and the IRVF; explosives and explosives; personal and collective protective equipment, special processing equipment and the procedure for their use; ways of orienting on the ground; the simplest ways to measure distances on the ground, using a topographic map and without it; measures to prevent injuries during classes on physical training, the method of conducting independent physical training; the procedure and methods for providing first aid to the wounded and injured; the main provisions of general military regulations; the procedure for individual cooking from products of standard rations and preparation of a resting place in the field; safety requirements in everyday life, while serving in the outfit and in the course of combat training; methods and techniques of extinguishing fires; duties in the performance of tasks of guard and internal service; environmental safety requirements in the performance of combat missions and in daily activities;

be able to: act when alert, in combined arms combat, when making a march and performing other combat missions; act on signals of control, notification and interaction; effectively use regular weapons (weapons) and hand grenades to hit various targets day and night; bring regular weapons (weapons) to normal combat; fire from small arms and grenade launchers; act as part of an observation post, reconnaissance patrol and during a search (in a reconnaissance ambush); conduct radio exchange on standard means of communication; equip and mask trenches and shelters; install and overcome engineering barriers; carry out measures to protect against weapons of mass destruction, incendiary and precision weapons; use means of individual and collective protection, protective properties of standard equipment, fortifications and terrain; operate in contaminated areas; carry out special and partial sanitization; navigate the terrain with the help of a topographic map and without it; lead hand-to-hand combat, perform the prescribed exercises (techniques) and standards for physical training; prepare a place of rest from standard and improvised materials; provide first aid for wounds, burns, acute poisoning, frostbite and other injuries; perform tasks while performing guard and internal service; use fire extinguishing equipment; apply the simplest means and methods of protection against the effects of various types and forms of environmental pollution; comply with the norms of international humanitarian law in a combat situation; comply with safety requirements.

In addition, depending on the military specialty:

a) sanitary instructors (orderlies, orderly shooters):

know the duties of a soldier; the procedure for preparing and conducting combat independently, as part of a combat group (crew) and squad in all types of combat operations; medical and tactical characteristics of individual and group medical equipment; the main types of mechanical and thermal lesions in peacetime and wartime; the content and sequence of first aid and pre-medical care; asepsis rules for rendering medical care the wounded and sick; the main infectious complications of wounds, methods of protecting wounds from infection with microbes and combating wound infection on the battlefield and at military stages of medical evacuation; signs of critical and terminal conditions and the principles of providing emergency care for them on the battlefield and during the daily activities of troops in peacetime; early signs of the most common infectious diseases and the procedure for the action of a sanitary instructor in identifying an infectious patient; the most relevant infectious diseases for the troops, the reasons for their occurrence and spread; measures for the prevention of infectious diseases, basic sanitary and hygienic requirements for the placement of personnel of the unit, catering, water supply, bath and laundry services; as well as other activities of the medical service within the framework of functional duties;

be able to conduct reconnaissance, target designation and fire adjustment when operating as part of a combat group, calculation and squad; fire small arms at enemy air targets; to use the devices and mechanisms located in the BMM and the troop compartment of the armored personnel carrier, MTLB, and the driver-mechanic (driver) - in the maintenance and repair of the combat vehicle; provide first aid and first aid to the wounded and sick in various critical conditions; applying bandages to all anatomical areas; carry out current and final disinfection; carry out the simplest anti-epidemic measures in the unit;

b) nurses:

know the main types of defeats in peacetime and wartime; the content and sequence of first aid and pre-medical care; signs of critical and terminal conditions and the principles of emergency care for them; early signs of the most common infectious diseases and the procedure for identifying an infectious patient; medical and tactical characteristics of individual and group medical equipment; the basics and procedure for medical control over the life and combat training activities of military personnel;

be able to provide first aid and first aid to the wounded and sick in various critical conditions; apply bandages to all anatomical areas; carry out current and final disinfection; carry out the simplest anti-epidemic measures in the unit.

c) driver-mechanics (drivers) must:

know: device, technical capabilities, rules for the operation and maintenance of BMM (BTR, MTLB), the basics and rules for driving, operating, maintaining, repairing and storing; regulation and control signals; grades, consumption rates of fuel, lubricants, special fluids and ways to save them; signs, causes and consequences of operational malfunctions and combat damage, methods for their detection and elimination; technique for overcoming various obstacles; regulations traffic, the basics of traffic safety, the procedure and rules of operation; safety requirements for operation, maintenance, repair, handling of fuel, lubricants and technical fluids; armament of a combat vehicle; rules for preparing for work, work and negotiation on regular means of communication;

be able to: act as part of the crew of a combat vehicle; keep BMM (BTR, MTLB) in constant readiness for action; conduct control inspections before departure and at halts, daily maintenance, as well as work on number, seasonal maintenance of the combat vehicle and storage; eliminate operational problems

To carry out tasks, artillery subunits and units are deployed in battle formation. The main elements of the combat formation of artillery units are firing positions and observation posts. For example, the battle formation of a battery consists of guns (mortars, combat vehicles) located at a firing position and observation posts.

Artillery order of battle

To carry out tasks, artillery subunits and units are deployed in battle formation. The main elements of the combat formation of artillery units are firing positions and observation posts. For example, the battle formation of a battery consists of guns (mortars, combat vehicles) located at a firing position and observation posts.

Observation posts according to their purpose can be main, auxiliary(front and side) and spare. The area where the observation points are located is called the area of ​​observation points.

A firing position is a piece of terrain occupied or prepared for occupation by guns, mortars, combat vehicles for firing.

According to their purpose, firing positions can be main, temporary and spare. In order to mislead the enemy, they can be equipped false observation posts and firing positions.

Depending on the degree of cover from enemy ground observation, firing positions can be closed, semi-closed and open. An open firing position is intended for direct fire; In such a position, the materiel is not hidden from enemy ground observation or, being camouflaged, becomes visible when firing is opened. In a semi-closed firing position, the material part is hidden from enemy ground observation, but when firing, it reveals itself with the brilliance of shots, smoke and dust. A closed firing position covers the material part from ground observation of the enemy, and also hides the smoke, dust and glare of shots when firing.

Guns and mortars in a closed firing position are usually installed in the order of their numbers from right to left, taking into account the convenience of location and camouflage. The intervals between guns (mortars, combat vehicles) are 15-20 m, for guns of large and special power 60-150 m.

Traction means are located behind the firing position, to the right or left of it at a distance that provides communication with the guns and their quick supply to the guns. The limbers of the guns and the wheels of the mortars are located hidden in the firing positions.

An observation post is set up to monitor the approaches to firing positions, conduct radiation and chemical reconnaissance, and also for timely notification of the appearance of enemy infantry, tanks and aircraft.

Firing positions and observation posts are equipped in engineering terms and carefully camouflaged. At firing positions, firing sectors are cleared, trenches for guns, shelters for personnel and cellars for ammunition are arranged.

Order of battle of divisions optical intelligence includes observation posts, processing posts and vehicle locations. From the observation posts, the battlefield is monitored and landmarks, benchmarks and targets are marked. At the processing point, the coordinates of points detected from observation points are determined.

The battle formation of sound reconnaissance units consists of sound posts, a central point, one or two warning posts, and a meteorological post. Sound posts are located at a distance of 1.5-4 km from the front edge of their troops, at a distance of 1-1.5 km from one another. The warning post is located ahead of the sound posts. At the central point there is a recording device, a processing point and a communication center. The meteorological post carries out its work in the vicinity of the central point.

Artillery movement

During a march, artillery subunits may move independently or as part of columns of combined arms subunits and units. The division, when making a march, independently moves in a marching formation in a column. At the head of the column are division control units, then batteries and vehicles of service units.

Distances between cars (trains) - 25-50 m, between batteries - 100 m. On steep slopes, as well as when driving on dusty ground, during snowfall, ice, the distances between cars (trains) increase, and when driving at night they decrease.

Units on mixed traction with different cruising speeds (caterpillar tractors, cars) in the march formation are divided into two or three columns in depth. The first column is made up of command and control units, following on vehicles, the second column is fire platoons of batteries, following on tractor traction. The vehicles of the service units can follow in the second column or form the third column.

In anticipation of a collision with the enemy, the first column moves in leaps, not breaking away from the second at a distance set by the subunit commander in accordance with the situation.

Artillery tasks and methods for their implementation

Due to the large range of fire and the power of fire, artillery can perform very diverse fire missions, for example, suppress or destroy manpower, fire weapons, artillery, tanks, self-propelled artillery installations and other types of enemy military equipment; destroy various defensive structures; forbid the enemy to maneuver, carry out defensive work or restore destroyed objects.

Suppression aims to bring the enemy into a state in which he temporarily loses combat capability or is deprived of the opportunity to maneuver. In order to suppress the enemy, it is necessary to achieve a certain degree of defeat, that is, to disable a certain part of his manpower and equipment. This defeat can be very different. As the experience of the war showed, in order to suppress the manpower and firepower of the enemy, it is necessary to inflict losses on them in a short time, amounting to 25-35%.

The destruction of the enemy consists in inflicting such a defeat on him, in which he completely loses his combat capability. When performing such a task, shells need to be spent much more than when suppressing the enemy.

To inflict a certain degree of defeat on the enemy, as well as for his moral shock, an appropriate suppression density and artillery fire density.

Suppression density is commonly understood as the total number of projectiles expended per 1 hectare of the area on which the enemy is located. The density of artillery fire is the number of shells per 1 hectare of the target area or 100 m of its front in 1 minute. The higher the density of artillery fire, the more effective its action. You can refer to the fighting of rocket artillery during the Great Patriotic War. This artillery, firing in volleys, provided a high degree of destruction and moral shock to the enemy in a short time.

As a result of the generalization combat experience and the research carried out, certain methods have been developed for performing various tasks of artillery. Let's look at some of these methods.

The suppression of small groups of infantry (squads, platoons), the destruction of individual trenches with fire weapons, tanks, armored personnel carriers and the destruction of defensive structures is usually carried out by fire at individual targets from closed firing positions and direct fire.

When firing direct fire, the gun is aimed directly at the target, which increases the accuracy of fire and reduces the consumption of shells and time to complete the task. Practice has established that in the destruction of defensive structures by direct fire in conditions of limited visibility, an average of 20 shells is required to receive I-2 hits. When destroying a moving tank, the most advantageous is shooting at a direct shot range, i.e., such shooting, in which the trajectory does not rise above the target throughout its entire length. The range of a direct shot is not the same for all guns. For example, when firing at tanks from howitzers, it is 600-700 m, and when firing from cannons - 900-1000 m or more.

Tanks located in trenches and defensive structures, in which the floor wall rises slightly above the ground (less than 1.5 m), are destroyed (destroyed) by shooting from closed firing positions. A direct hit is usually required to destroy a target. As a result, firing is carried out with methodical fire at a pace that allows you to observe each gap or control series. To destroy targets such as a tank in a trench, a dugout or an armored cap, 1-3 direct hits are required. However, due to dispersion during firing, the total consumption of shells and mines, and, consequently, the time to complete the task, depending on the firing range, the size of the target, and the state of the gun (mortar) involved in the destruction, can be very significant. For example, to destroy a dugout when firing from a 122-mm howitzer at a distance of 2 km, 40 shells are required, and when firing at a distance of 5 km, 120 shells are required.

In conditions where it is not possible to observe each gap or control series of gaps, fire is carried out to hit the target at three sight settings and at one goniometer setting. With this method of destroying the target, the consumption of shells increases significantly. For example, when firing from a 122-mm howitzer at a distance of 2 km and with full preparation of the initial data, more than 150 shells are required to destroy the dugout.

In addition to fire on individual targets, the following types of fire can be used: concentrated fire (CO), sequential concentration of fire (PSO) and barrage fire.

When concentrating fire, several batteries or divisions simultaneously fire at one target or at a group of targets located on limited area(plot).

The density of enemy suppression by concentrated fire mainly depends on the nature of the targets, the caliber of the guns, the firing range, the size of the areas under fire, and the method of preparing the initial data. The nature of the suppressed targets most strongly affects the consumption of shells. For example, 20 122-mm shells per 1 ha may be sufficient to reliably suppress the observed openly located manpower. If manpower covered, then for its reliable suppression it may take 100-200 shells per 1 ha.

Sequential concentration of fire can be used to suppress enemy manpower, fire weapons, and military equipment in the course of artillery support for tank and infantry offensives. With successive concentrations of fire, artillery successively transfers fire from one sector to another. Areas for suppressing the enemy in this case are outlined in front of the front and on the flanks of the advancing tanks and infantry.

In order to defeat the attacking enemy tanks and infantry, barrage fire can be used, which consists in creating a curtain of fire at the intended lines. Barrage fire can be mobile (PZO) and fixed (ISO). Mobile barrage fire is used to repel the advance of enemy tanks and infantry with the aim of inflicting defeat on them before approaching the front line of friendly troops. In the zone of a tank-hazardous direction, there may be several lines of mobile barrage fire. Removal of the nearest line from the front line of friendly troops - 300-400 m. Stationary barrage fire is used to repel attacks and counterattacks of enemy infantry and tanks at the intended line. The removal of the nearest line (section) of a fixed barrage from own infantry in shelters must be at least 200 m for rifled guns and 300 m for mortars; in the case of an open location of infantry - within 200-400 m (depending on the caliber, gun system and fuse setting). When firing rocket artillery, this distance should be at least 600 m.

The right to call barrage fire in front of the front of their unit is granted to all commanders from the battalion (division) commander and above - when calling a mobile barrage fire and from the company (battery) commander and above - when calling a fixed barrage fire.

When performing tasks, artillery, depending on the situation, uses not only different types of fire, but also different firing orders, namely:

- single fire guns (mortar);

- methodical fire- fire indicating the number of shells per gun or mines per mortar and the rate of fire (the time interval between two successive shots);

- fire in separate bursts of a battery (platoon)- each gun (mortar) of a battery or platoon fires one projectile at a rate of fire of one second shot;

- rapid fire- fire conducted at maximum speed, but without violating the fire regime established for this system and not to the detriment of aiming accuracy, with or without indicating the number of shells per gun or mortar;

Volley fire - fire in which shots are fired simultaneously by all guns or mortars of a battery or platoon.

The tasks of artillery are set in accordance with its fire capabilities. Fire capabilities express the volume of tasks that can be performed by a certain composition of artillery in a corresponding specific situation.

The main factors determining the fire capabilities of artillery are: the nature of the task and the types of fire used; the caliber and number of guns (mortars) involved in the task; mode of fire of guns and mortars; the amount of ammunition issued; the conditions under which the task is performed (time, firing range, method of preparing the initial settings for firing, conditions for monitoring the results of firing, etc.).

Under the mode of fire is understood the number of shots that can be fired from a given gun or mortar in a certain period of time. The mode of fire is determined by the possibility of using the material part of the gun without significant damage to it and the capabilities of the gun crew when firing.

Let's see how the calculation of the fire capabilities of an artillery unit is carried out to conduct concentrated fire. Let us assume that a 12-gun battalion of 122-mm howitzers is involved in the suppression of the enemy's sheltered manpower. The suppression density is 150 shells per 1 ha (determined taking into account the nature of the target, the firing range and the method of preparing the initial data). The time to complete the task is 30 minutes. According to the technical regime, one howitzer in 30 minutes (in this particular situation) can fire 75 shots. It is required to determine the size of the area of ​​the concentrated fire area that can be assigned to the division for suppression, i.e., to determine the fire capabilities of the division. We reason like this: a division can fire 900 shots (75 X 12) in 30 minutes; therefore, the area of ​​the site that can suppress a division with the above density will be 6 hectares (900: 150).

The fire capabilities of artillery subunits when conducting barrage fire can be determined based on the length of the area assigned to one gun or mortar. The length of the area of ​​fixed barrage fire is determined at the rate of 40-50 m per gun or mortar. The width of the mobile barrage area for an artillery unit is determined at the rate of 25 m per rifled gun. Mortar subunits of independent sectors do not receive mobile barrage fire, but fire overhead at the sectors of cannon and howitzer subunits; the width of the area for such units is determined in accordance with the norms of a fixed barrage.

Artillery control

Management of artillery subunits consists of preparing subunits for the fulfillment of their assigned tasks, organizing their combat operations, constantly directing artillery subunits and providing them with material support during the battle.

The commanders of rifle (tank) and artillery subunits manage their subordinate artillery subunits by setting tactical (combat) and fire missions, as well as by issuing commands.

When setting tactical tasks, an artillery unit is usually given the conditional names of local objects and landmarks; information about the enemy; combat mission of infantry and tanks; the task of the artillery unit and the main direction of fire; firing positions and observation posts; time of readiness to open fire; consumption, ammunition. The main direction of fire, as a rule, is indicated by the senior artillery commander with a directional angle rounded to 1-00. In preparation for firing, the guns and instruments located at the observation post are oriented in a given main direction. Subsequently, the main direction is used for target designation and for issuing commands to turn the guns in the direction of the target.

Guns that perform the task of direct fire are assigned the main and additional sectors of fire. The boundaries of the firing sector are established according to local objects or are indicated by specially set landmarks. Within the specified sector of fire, the gun must always be ready to open fire.

One of the most important measures for the management of artillery subunits is artillery fire control, which includes: preparation of fire or preliminary preparation of firing, determination of means and methods for fulfilling the assigned fire mission, setting fire missions for artillery subunits and monitoring their implementation.

When determining the means and methods for fulfilling a fire mission, the number of subunits involved, the consumption of ammunition, and the method for solving the fire mission (type and order of firing, duration of firing at a target, etc.) are established. The order of setting fire missions, depending on the chosen means and methods, can be very different. For example, to suppress a target, an artillery unit needs to indicate: the nature of the target and its number, the coordinates of the center of the target, the front and depth of the target in meters, the consumption of shells and the duration of firing, the time of opening fire (readiness).

Fire control is usually carried out from observation posts, where, in addition to the commander of an artillery unit, there may be commanders of control units, reconnaissance observers, computers and signalmen.

For the convenience of fire control, improvised subunits are assigned. For example, a division commander can assign one of his subordinate batteries as an assistant. In this case, the observation post of the commander of the battery at hand should be located next to the observation post of the battalion commander at a distance that allows the transfer of target designation and commands of the battalion commander by voice.

A very significant measure in the management of artillery units is the organization and implementation of the interaction of artillery with infantry and tanks. At the same time, the fire and movement of artillery subunits must be coordinated in terms of purpose, time and place with the fire and maneuver of infantry and tanks, and their constant mutual assistance in battle must also be ensured.

The interaction of artillery with infantry and tanks is organized by the commanders of rifle (tank) subunits and carried out by the commanders of artillery subunits.

First of all, artillery commanders should be involved in the organization of interaction by the commanders of rifle and tank subunits, who indicate to the commanders of artillery subunits the tasks of infantry and tanks and the procedure for their actions, as well as establish a unified orientation system, target designation methods, signals for calling, transferring and ceasefire and to mark the lines reached by infantry and tanks. The most common targeting methods are: pointing the device at the target, from a landmark (local object), in rectangular coordinates, shell bursts, as well as missiles or tracer bullets (shells). In order to ensure stable interaction, it is advisable for the commanders of artillery and rifle subunits to be deployed at observation posts together.

When interacting during a battle, artillery commanders must ensure timely impact of artillery fire on the most important targets at the moment, without waiting for the demands of the commanders of rifle and tank subunits. In order to constantly know the situation and position of their infantry and tanks, the commanders of rifle (tank) and artillery subunits continuously conduct reconnaissance and exchange information received. The presence of uninterrupted communications is one of the most important conditions for ensuring the continuous interaction of artillery with infantry and tanks.

The procedure for giving target designation

Target designation methods	The work of the giver of target designation	Examples
Target designation aiming the device at the target	Points the crosshair of the device at the target and indicates to the recipient the signs	"Machine gun under a bush - suppress"
Target designation from a landmark (local item)	Determines and transmits to the recipient: 1) the horizontal angle between the target and the nearest reference point to it (“to the right (left) so much”); 2) the difference between the distance to the target and the landmark (“farther (closer) so much”) or, if the recipient of the target designation is at the same point, the angular excess of the target over the landmark in divisions (“higher (lower) so much”)	1. “Landmark three. Right 20, closer than 300, anti-tank gun on the southern edge of the grove - suppress”; 2. "landmark five, right 30, above 3, machine gun in the yellow trench - suppress"
Target designation in rectangular coordinates	Determines the coordinates of the target from the map (scheme, aerial photograph) and transmits them to the receiver	"X 47500, y 38500 enemy machine gun - suppress"
Target designation of shell burst (min)	Indicates the area in which it is necessary to observe the gaps, warns the receiver about the opening of fire and gives the command to open fire. When target designation breaks high-explosive fragmentation projectiles the battery gives 2-4 shots with a rapid fire of a gun or mortar or a volley of batteries; target designation by bursts of smoke shells is carried out by single shots	“The hollow is “narrow”, in the area of ​​​​a smoke mine rupture, the accumulation of infantry is to be suppressed.” Then the target designator gives commands to the aiming battery and warns the receiver "Shot"
Target designation by missiles and tracer bullets (shells)	At the target they give short machine-gun bursts with tracer bullets (1-2 shots with tracer shells) or fire 2-3 rockets in the direction of the target. The order of queues and the color of the rockets are set in advance	Observer's report (example): "Landmark three, left 15, fall of tracks near the destroyed house"

Notes: I. The receiver, having accepted the target designation, reports: “I see the target”, if he has found the target on the ground; “I don’t see the target” if the target is not visible to him, but he has clarified its location; "Target misunderstood" if he did not understand the location of the target.

2. If the observation ranges of the giving and receiving target designation differ significantly from one another, multiply the angle between the target and the reference point by the removal factor (the ratio of the observation ranges from the points of giving and receiving target designation). The removal factor is calculated by the formula

Ku \u003d Dd / Dp

where Dd is the distance to the landmark from the one giving target designation;

Dp-range to the landmark from the receiving target designation.

SHOOTING ARTILLERY

Pre-shooting preparation

The successful fulfillment of fire missions by artillery largely depends on the preliminary preparation of firing. The main measures for the preliminary preparation of artillery firing are: reconnaissance of targets and study of the terrain in the enemy's disposition; preparation of instruments, guns and ammunition; clarification or selection of landmarks; determining the location of targets, firing positions and observation posts of own artillery, orienting guns and instruments in the main direction; determination of ballistic and meteorological conditions of firing; determination and refinement of the initial data for shooting.

Artillery reconnaissance is conducted from ground observation posts by officers and personnel of command and control units of artillery units, artillery fire, special artillery reconnaissance units, pilot-observers of corrective reconnaissance aviation and artillery reconnaissance groups.

During the preparation of tools and instruments, the serviceability of the material part is checked, and various mechanisms are reconciled and adjusted. At the firing position, before firing, sighting devices are checked. Ammunition is brought to the firing positions, where it is wiped from grease and dust and sorted into batches and weight signs. For the preparation of ammunition for firing at the firing position, a special place is allocated, no closer than 50 m from the gun trenches.

Determining the location of targets, firing positions and observation posts, as well as orienting guns and instruments in the main direction, is the main task of topographic preparation in artillery. Topographic preparation, depending on the situation and methods of its implementation, can be carried out on a full topographic (geodesic) basis or on a map (aerial image) The most accurate preparation is on a full topographical basis, but it requires much more time and money to produce.

When taking into account the ballistic conditions of firing, the deviation of the initial velocity is determined, associated with the wear of the gun barrels, the features of gunpowder in different batches of charges, as well as the deviation of the projectile weight from the table and the features of the shells themselves (type of fuse, the presence or absence of coloring of the shell bodies, etc.). ). Determining the deviation of the initial speed of the guns associated with the wear of the barrels is usually done by measuring the length of the charging chamber. If there is no data on the quality of the charges, it is necessary to shoot or shoot shells of different batches.

The meteorological conditions of firing are determined according to the data of meteorological bulletins, which are compiled by subdivisions of the artillery meteorological service. In the absence of bulletins, meteorological conditions are taken into account approximately or based on the results of previous shootings.

Preparation of initial data for firing includes: determination of topographic data (distance from the gun to the target, elevation angle of the target and direction to the target); selection of the type of trajectory, projectile, installation of a fuse and a fan (intervals between bursts of shells of neighboring guns); charge selection; introduction of corrections for the deviation of ballistic and meteorological conditions of firing from the tabular ones; determination of the initial settings of the main gun - sight, fuse, level, rotation from the main direction (firing compass, protractor, angle of fire transfer from the benchmark or sighted target).

Depending on the conditions of the situation and the procedure for making calculations, the preparation of initial data can be complete, abbreviated, and visual.

With full preparation, the coordinates of the main gun are determined by binding on a topographic basis or with the help of instruments to the contour points of a map (aerial photograph) reliably identified on the ground at a scale of at least 1:50,000. Guns and instruments are most accurately oriented in the main direction. All necessary corrections for ballistic and meteorological conditions of firing are introduced.

The coordinates of the targets are determined using a range finder, from an aerial photograph, a notch from the points of conjugated observation and other means of artillery reconnaissance.

Due to the high accuracy of the calculations, full preparation itself is one of the ways to determine the settings for shooting to kill. In addition, it ensures the suddenness of the opening of fire.

With reduced preparation, topographic data is determined from a map (aerial photograph, tablet). The points of a firing position, an observation post, and a target can be plotted on the map by means of visual surveying. Corrections for ballistic and meteorological conditions of firing are taken from the graph of calculated corrections or approximately.

Visual preparation of initial data is used in conditions when it is not possible to use a map or rangefinder to determine the position of the target, and also in the absence of sufficient information about the position of the firing position. Corrections for ballistic and meteorological conditions of firing are not taken into account or are taken into account approximately. Eye preparation is performed by calculation or graphic method.

Consider the procedure for preparing the initial data in a graphical way (Fig. 22) under the conditions when shooting is carried out at a small and medium displacement with

closed firing position (offset correction less than 5-00).

a) Work on the ground:

Orient the periscope artillery compass (stereo tube) in

the main direction of fire;

Measure the angle between the main direction and the direction on firing position;

Determine the value of the base ( distance from commander to firing position

in meters);

- measure the angle between the main direction and the direction of the target to

determine the range commander - target.

b) Work on a sheet of paper:

Mark the point of the observation point (K) and draw a straight line from it,

which will be the main direction line (KN);

At point K, construct the LCO angle ( angle between main direction and

direction to the firing position);

- from point K set aside in the direction of the firing position in an arbitrary

the taken scale value of the base (B);

At point K. construct the NCC angle (the angle between the main direction and the direction to the target);

Set aside on the line of observation (on the line the commander - the target) on the accepted scale the distance from the observation point to the target (Dk);

Connect the point O with the point C and, having measured the segment OC, determine the range of the gun - target (db);

From point O, draw a line of the main direction (ON);

Measure the angle of gun rotation from the main direction to the target - REC angle;

Determine the removal factor (Ku) according to the formula

Ku \u003d Dk / dB

if Ku is less than 0.3, then it is calculated with an accuracy of 0.05;

Determine the displacement correction (PS) by measuring the BCC angle for this,

Shu \u003d PS / 0, 01db

Shu is defined with an accuracy of 0-01.

In a combat situation, the shooter may find himself in conditions that preclude the possibility of preparing the initial data by the indicated methods. At the same time, an immediate opening of fire will be required. In such cases, the preparation of the initial data for firing is carried out approximately, namely: the distance from the firing position to the target is determined by eye and the sight is assigned in such a way as to protect their troops from defeat; the direction is commanded according to the compass of the target, determined from the observation post without taking into account the correction for the displacement of the silt; and with its approximate accounting. The removal factor and goniometer step are also determined approximately and further refined by shooting,

Zeroing

None of the above methods of preparing initial data excludes random errors in determining the range and direction of fire. In this regard, on installations obtained as a result of preparing the initial data, the average trajectory will not always pass through the target. In order to combine the average trajectory with the target, zeroing is performed.

Zeroing consists in finding by shooting installations suitable for shooting at a target by determining the deviation of gaps and introducing corrections into the installation of sighting devices based on these deviations. Depending on the situation and conditions of observation, they shoot either directly at the target, or at the benchmark for the subsequent transfer of fire from it to the target.

Two types of zeroing are used: zeroing by observing signs of breaks and zeroing by measured deviations.

When shooting by observing break marks determine only the angular deviation (Fig. 23) and the sign of the gap, i.e. overshoot or undershoot (Fig. 24), without measuring the magnitude of linear deviations.

This type of sighting can only be used on observed targets. The organization of zeroing to observe the signs of breaks is simple. It is made from one observation point using binoculars or other angle measuring instruments. Therefore, zeroing in on the observation of signs of breaks can be used in any case of a combat situation.

When zeroing in on the measured deviations, the magnitudes of the deviations of the gaps from the target in the range (Fig. 25) and in the lateral direction are determined, and on the basis of this, corrections are introduced into the settings of the sighting devices. Zeroing according to "measured deviations" requires fewer projectiles than zeroing based on the observation of breaking marks; this is especially important when firing large-caliber projectiles. However, this type of zeroing requires special preliminary preparation and the use of various technical means, for example, a sound measuring station, a range finder, stereo tubes located at two observation posts, etc.

Both types of sighting, depending on the situation, can be carried out different ways.

Consider the approximate order of zeroing in on the observation of signs of breaks by fork target capture at low and medium displacement.

At the beginning of zeroing, breaks are brought to the line of observation (line commander - target). To do this, measure the deviation of the gap from the target, multiply it by the removal factor (Ku) and command a turn towards the target: example: Ku = 0.6; deviation of the first gap from the target to the right by 0-20 (P20); In order to bring the projectile to the line of observation, it is necessary to turn the gun to the left by 0-12 (20-0.6 = 12).

Having received observation in range (plus, i.e. flight, or minus, i.e. undershoot), change the sight setting in jumps of several divisions towards the target until they receive a sign opposite to that which was received first. Obtaining undershot and overshoot in the process of shooting is the capture of the target in the fork. The sight settings at which the overshoot and undershoot are obtained are usually called the limits of the fork. The difference in the sight settings at which the fork was obtained, or the distance in meters between its limits, is called the width of the fork.

The width of the first fork, depending on the method of preparing the initial data, is taken equal to one to four narrow forks. A narrow fork is taken equal to two sight divisions (100 m), and with Vd (probable range deviation) equal to 40 m or more, four sight divisions (200 m).

Having captured the target in the first (wide) fork, by successively halving it, they look for a narrow fork.

When bringing gaps to the line of observation and finding a fork (except for a narrow one), they fire with single shots of one gun. Making a jump with a sight to find a narrow fork, when firing with a battery (platoon), a battery (platoon) burst is assigned, and when firing with a gun, two shells are assigned.

Shooting is considered completed, if narrow

fork (at least one sign at each limit) or

covering group, i.e. when on the same installation

overshoot and undershoot (+ - or - +) will be obtained.

Go to shooting to kill:

a) upon receipt of a narrow fork - in its middle (example; on the sight 80 received a plus, on the sight 78 - minus; transition to defeat - on the sight 79);

b) when receiving a covering group - on the same sight, if the ratio of signs in the covering group is less than 3:1 (example: one plus and two minuses were obtained on the sight 80; the ratio of signs is 2: 1, i.e. less than 3: 1, therefore, you should switch to shooting to kill on the same sight);

c) with a different ratio of signs in the covering group, moving to defeat, change the range towards a smaller number of signs by 1-2 Vd (example: four pluses and one minus were obtained on the sight 80, i.e., the ratio of signs is 4: 1; in In this case, when switching to shooting to kill, the firing range must be reduced by 1 Vd).

If, during sighting, a hit is received on a target that requires several hits to hit, the hit is considered plus and minus and then continue firing on the same sight until the task is completed or until the sign ratio is greater than 3: 1. When the sign ratio is greater than than 3:1 do as above.

In conditions where zeroing is carried out in the presence of displacement, i.e., when the direction of the gun - the target passes to the right or left of the shooter, when the firing range changes, the breaks leave the line of observation. In this regard, during zeroing, when changing the sight, a direction correction is introduced in order to keep the gap in the line of observation. This correction is called the goniometer step (Shu). Doporot per goniometer step is made in the direction of the firing position (away from you) with an increase in firing range and in

side of the observation post (toward yourself) when it decreases (Fig. 26).

Example. Shu for a narrow fork (100 m) is 0-05; battery is on the right.

Undershoot (-) was received on the sight 80. We increase the range by 4 divisions of the sight (2 narrow forks). To keep the gap on the line of observation, we turn the gun to the right (towards the battery) by 0-10 - by a step of the goniometer, corresponding to a change in the sight by two narrow forks (5-2 = 10) (Fig. 27).

An example of shooting from a closed firing position by grabbing a target in a fork (Fig. 27)

Ku = 0.5; Shu for a narrow fork (100 m) is 0-08; battery - left rear

Teams	Gap No.	Observations	Explanations
“Along the trench, high-explosive fragmentation, high-explosive fuse, third charge, sight 60, level 30-02, main direction, to the right of 0-15, first, one shell, fire”	1	L40	The gap occurred to the left of the target at 0-40
"To the right 0-20, fire"	2	-	We multiply the received observation by Ku (40x0.5 = 20) and by turning the gun to the right we bring the gap to the line of observation
"Sight 64, to the left of 0.16, fire"	3	+	To find the first fork, increase the sight by 4 divisions. At the same time, we turn the gun to the left by 0-16 (Shu, corresponding to two narrow forks or 4 divisions of the sight
"Sight 62, to the right 0-08, two shells, runaway"	45	+-	We half the fork and turn the gun to the right to Shu, corresponding to one narrow fork.
"Four shells, runaway, fire"	6789	++++	Having received the covering group, we pass to defeat
"Sight 61, to the right 0-04, fire"	10111213	+zz-	Having received on the sight 62 the ratio of signs more than 4:1 (five pluses and one minus), we change the sight down by one division. We turn the gun to Shu, corresponding to half of the narrow fork

fire transfer

In combat, artillery units often have to fire from the same firing position at several targets located at different ranges and in different directions, and these targets may be unobservable.

In order to shorten the time for determining the installations for firing and to ensure the surprise of defeating the enemy, shifts of fire are widely used in artillery. When transferring fire, the initial settings are used, obtained when firing at the same targets or at specially selected points in the target area - benchmarks.

The benchmark can be real or fictitious. The actual benchmark can be a zeroed target or any well-observed local object whose coordinates are known. The fictitious benchmark is the center of the group of discontinuities, the coordinates of which are determined from the marks from the points of conjugated observation or by other means.

In addition to visual, several methods of transferring fire on a topographic basis are used.

In order to achieve suddenness of fire, installations for shooting to kill can be determined based on the use of sighting gun data. The essence of this method is as follows. From the composition of the artillery, for each caliber of guns performing tasks from closed firing positions, one gun is allocated, which produces an iris warmer of benchmarks. As a result of zeroing, the total correction for meteorological conditions is determined this moment. The data received from sighting guns (mortars) are used to prepare the firing of other batteries,

Shooting direct fire

When firing direct fire, the same measures for its preparation are carried out as for firing from closed firing positions. In addition, a gun fire card is drawn up, on which the sectors of fire and landmarks are marked with an indication of the distance to them in divisions of the sight.

When hitting stationary observed targets, the gun for the first shot is aimed at the intended point on the target. Shooting is carried out in much the same way as zeroing by observing the signs of breaks by grabbing the target in a fork. However, since the observation of the gaps is carried out directly from the gun (no more than 15 m from it), the removal factor and the step of the goniometer when firing are not applied.

When firing at moving armored targets, lateral lead is introduced by moving the aiming point in the direction of the target's movement. The amount of lead depends on the direction and speed of the chain, as well as on the firing range.

Selection of the aiming point in the direction at the time of the shot at a target speed of up to 20 km / h

Note. When the target is facing or flanking at a speed of more than 20 km / h, the lead value for all ranges is increased by half a figure.

Having received a lateral deviation, the aiming point is changed by the amount of the received deviation in the direction opposite to the received deviation. When shooting with a panoramic sight, pr-and deviating more than one figure, the aiming point is not changed, but a correction is introduced into the goniometer.

The firing range is corrected by changing the aiming point in height (in the figures of the target with an accuracy of half a figure) or by changing the installation of the sight.

The collection agencies have already been sorted out, and now the turn has come to combat applications.
I consider it my journalistic duty to tell Habrachitateley about this.

Rate the business approach:
- these products are made for the war;
- for use where available mobile connection, i.e. — in urban conditions;
- for use by those who do not have modern standard guidance systems - that is, for units such as the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the National Guard and the Novorossiya militia.
The developer is not specified, AASoft is only a seller. But there is an address: [email protected] Russia 197000 Sankt-Petersburg - those who wish can order developments for systems that are available.

DISCLAIMER: I have nothing to do with these products and developers. But I think this idea is worth spreading.

play.google.com/store/apps/developer?id=AASoft
(first app added Nov 2014, last app added Jan 27, 2015, developer is actively responding to comments)

Under the cut, approximate descriptions of applications from Google Play.

Topogeodesy SK-42

Topographic and geodetic calculations in SK-42 in full or reduced coordinates, in one or in adjacent zones for binding and resection of objects (field topography).
Intended for artillerymen, surveyors. Valiant infantry will also be useful.

Description

Coordinates and heights in meters.
Direction angles and places in thousandths on a scale of 60-00 or 64-00. In OGZ and PGZ, the angles are also in degrees-minutes-seconds.
Maintaining a list of objects whose data can be used in tasks (up to 50). Saving data to a file / reading and adding data from a file. The data file can be edited / prepared in text editors, transferred using available methods.
Layout of objects from the list (with full and abbreviated coordinates).
Map (topographic, satellite, hybrid) with point markers from the list (full coordinates only). Touching the marker shows the number and name of the point.
When you touch the map, rectangular coordinates of the place are shown (in SK-42).
Maps are cached (accumulated) to work offline.
Tasks:
— direct geodetic problem;
— inverse geodetic problem;
— recalculation of coordinates to the adjacent zone with determination of the PS correction for the recalculation;
- notch by conjugate observation (readouts from the base or directions);
- binding with an unoriented rangefinder (range up to 2 known points);
— binding by resection at the measured angles (at the angles between the left-middle and middle-right known points from the anchor point);
- binding according to GPS data (in SK-42 - geodetic and rectangular);
— recalculation of WGS84 (format 000.00000 ° or 000° 00" 00.0000"") into SK-42 (X Z Y) for the use of third-party navigators with quick entry of the object into the list;
- movement along the route, on the map or only on GPS.
- azimuth and remote control of the luminary at a given time for points with rectangular or geodetic coordinates. For the Sun, for the Moon (taking into account parallax - changes in its apparent size) along the left / right edge or center; for the Glade Star;
- determination of the nomenclature of a map sheet of the required scale (according to rectangular or geodetic coordinates) and convergence of meridians at a specified point;
— serif with a stopwatch (taking into account air temperature), on-screen stopwatch
On the main menu screen to select
- thousandths scale
- color style
- card type
— type of point markers on the map
- saving data to a file / reading and adding data from a file.

Art.notebook

An artillery notebook in which it is possible to perform, for which a paper map, PUO, AK, MPL, PRK, a calculator and other tools and accessories are required.

List of possibilities:

List of possibilities:
– data recording of OP (up to 6) and KNP (up to 3);
- maintaining a list of goals;
- displaying the position of the OP, KNP, targets on the diagram and map, picking up coordinates from the map; showing the size of the target on the map.
— resection by conjugate observation;
- calculation of the front, depth and center of the target according to the data of the group serif (taking into account OH);
- serif with a stopwatch (taking into account air temperature), screen stopwatch.
- azimuth and remote control of the luminary at a given time. For the Sun, for the Moon, taking into account parallax - changes in the apparent size along the left / right edge or center, for the Glade Star;
- topographic data for the HO for the selected / unplanned goal (scheme and on the map).
- calculation of range and direction corrections when determining the position of the break by a rangefinder, conjugated observation, indicating deviations by cardinal points, by NZR.
OZ data is saved between program launches.


Map (topographic, satellite, hybrid) with target markers, OP, KNP - only with full coordinates.
When you touch the marker, the number/name of the object is shown. When touching a point on the map, rectangular coordinates of the place are displayed, which are entered in the data entry fields.

— coordinate systems (SK42, WGS84, UTM)
- thousandths scale (60-00, 64-00)
- color style



The program is distributed "as is". Its use is at the discretion and responsibility of the user.

Meteopost

Description
Calculations of meteorological preparation in the RV&A according to the meteorological post.
- Compilation of the bulletin "Meteorological Approximate" according to the weather station with a wind meter (DMK) or with a wind gun (VR-2).
— Updating the bulletin "Meteorological average" according to the meteorological post. With the recalculation of the ballot to the height of the post (OP).

220-notebook

Description
Notebook for MLRS "Hurricane".
List of possibilities:
- recording BM data, calculation of Tz;
— data recording KNP /NP (3);
- maintaining a list of goals (up to 50);
- displaying the position of BM, KNP, targets on the diagram and map, displaying target sizes on the map, taking coordinates from the map;
- calculation of the bulletin "Meteorological Approximate" (institution of meteorological data), calculation of the wind at the OUT according to VR-2 data;
- calculation of installations for firing, taking into account meteo, ballistic, mountain and geophysical conditions for 9M27F and 9M27K (with a large / small TC, without a ring);
— graphic scheme with topographic data for the selected/unplanned goal;
— calculation of corrections when determining the deviation of the fracture position.
Fire mission data is saved between program launches.
- azimuth and remote control of the luminary at a given time - for the Sun, for the Moon, taking into account parallax - changes in the apparent size along the left / right edge or center, for the Glade Star;
- binding according to GPS data in rectangular coordinates SK-42;
— conversion of WGS84 (format 000.00000 ° or 000° 00" 00.0000"") to SK-42 (X Z Y) for using third-party navigators
Calculations in reduced or in full coordinates (in one or in adjacent zones).
Schemes are built according to full and abbreviated coordinates (for use in the absence of the Internet).
Map (topographic, satellite, hybrid) with target markers, OP, KNP - only with full coordinates. Viewed maps are cached (accumulated) for offline use.
When you touch a target marker, its data is displayed. When touching a point on the map, rectangular coordinates of the place are shown, which are also entered in the target data entry fields.
On the main screen menu for selection:
- coordinate systems (SK42, WGS84)
- color style
— map type (topographic, satellite, hybrid)
- the need to show the size of the target on the map
- writing / reading / adding data to a file.
The program is distributed "as is". Its use is at the discretion and responsibility of the user.

I. General provisions

To determine the level of professional training of candidates from among the officers entering the Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy (hereinafter referred to as the Academy) by students (hereinafter referred to as candidates), a professional selection is carried out.

Candidates who have successfully passed the preliminary selection in the relevant military command and control bodies are allowed to professional selection.

The professional selection of candidates is carried out annually from May 15 to May 30 of the year of admission by the admissions committee of the Academy in order to determine the ability of applicants to master educational program higher education with higher military operational-tactical training in the military specialty of training Management of military units and formations of rocket troops and artillery corresponding to the direction of preparation of higher education - magistracy 56.04.02 Management of military units and formations.

Professional selection of candidates includes:

a) determining whether candidates meet the requirements for:

• age
• level of education (training);
• staff category;

b) determining the suitability of candidates for health reasons;

c) entrance examinations, consisting of:

• assessment of the level of professional readiness of candidates in the scope of official duties based on the results of the theoretical and practical part of the complex tactical task;
• assessment of the physical fitness of candidates.

Programs entrance examinations professional selection of candidates are sent in advance to the military administration in order to organize the training of officers for admission to the academy.

II. Entrance tests and methods for their assessment

The assessment of the level of professional preparedness of candidates includes the theoretical and practical parts of a complex tactical task, each of which is evaluated on a 100-point scale (the minimum number of points is set, confirming the successful completion of the entrance test).

6 hours are allocated for the theoretical and practical parts of the complex tactical task. Each part is divided into sections. The section includes one or more questions (tasks). Evaluation of questions (tasks) is carried out on a 4-point scale. The score for each section is determined as the average score for the questions (tasks) of the section. The final grade for the section is converted into points through the coefficient, in accordance with tables 1 and 2. At the same time, for each part, mandatory sections are determined that must be evaluated positively.

Translation of the assessment section (tasks)complex task on a 100-point scale

(for artillery officers)

	Section (task) of the complex tactical task	Coefficient agent translation	Number of points
				"Good"	"Great"
Theoretical part
	General tactics and combat operations of artillery units*
	Shooting and fire control*
	Fundamentals of organizing combat support for combat operations of artillery units: artillery reconnaissance
	Combat capabilities of artillery weapons
Practical part
	Task #1*
	Task #2
	Shooting and fire control
	Task #1*
	Task #2*
	Task #3
	Task #4
	Task #5
Maximum Points
Minimum Points
satisfactorily»

Candidates who did not score the minimum number of points for one of the parts of the complex tactical task or rated below " satisfactorily"in the mandatory sections (section) of at least one of the parts of the complex tactical task, are evaluated" unsatisfactory and are considered not to have passed professional selection.

Translation of the assessment section (tasks)
complex tactical task on a 100-point scale

(for missile officers)

	Section (task) of the complex tactical task	Coefficient agent translation	Number of points
				"Good"	"Great"
Theoretical part
	General tactics and combat operations of missile units*
	Missile strike control*
	Combat and mobilization readiness. Organization of combat training of units and subunits of missile troops and artillery
	Troop service and security military service
	Fundamentals of organizing combat support for combat operations of units and subunits of missile forces: reconnaissance, electronic warfare
	Combat capabilities and operation of missile weapons
Maximum Points
Minimum Points
Practical part
	Task #1*
	Task #2
	Missile strike control
	Task #1*
	Task #2*
	Task #3
	Task #4
	Task #5
Maximum Points
Minimum Points
* Sections (tasks) that must be rated at least “ satisfactorily»

The assessment of the physical fitness of candidates is carried out in accordance with the Manual on Physical Training in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, put into effect by Order No. 200 of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of 2009. A 100-point scale is used to determine the level of physical fitness of candidates.

III. The program of the entrance test to assess the level of professional preparedness of candidates
(theoretical part of a complex tactical task)

3.1. Section "General tactics and combat operations of artillery units"(for artillery officers)

The theoretical part of the complex tactical task under the section "General tactics and combat operations of artillery units" provides for two questions.

Answers to theoretical questions demonstrate the level of knowledge of the candidate: organization, weapons and the basics of combat operations of the Ground Forces units; the basics of organizing the battle of combined arms units; fundamentals of combat operations of artillery units in the main types of combat.

completeness and depth of knowledge of the theoretical issues covered, intelligibility and clarity of wording, the use of statutory terms, the ability to concisely state the requirements of governing documents.

« Great

« Good

« satisfactorily» - knowledge of some theoretical foundations of the issue; mostly competent, insufficiently complete presentation of the material; the graphic display is designed with a satisfactory staff culture. In this case, errors and inaccuracies in wording and definitions may be made;

« unsatisfactory» - ignorance of the main provisions of the theoretical foundations of the issue; The graphic display of the question is not framed.

Contents of the section (subjects of questions)

Fundamentals of combined arms combat and combat operations artillery units

Fundamentals of the use of the battalion. Purpose, tasks and fundamentals of combat operations of artillery units. Fundamentals of fire defeat of the enemy. The work of the commander of the battalion (division) in the management of units. Organization and armament of a motorized rifle battalion, an artillery battalion. Tactical specifications guns and mortars, anti-tank guided missile systems, tanks and infantry fighting vehicles. Combat properties of artillery weapons available in a formation (unit).

Battalion defense

Defense goal. Types of defense and their a brief description of. Tactical tasks of the battalion in the defense Conditions for the transition of the battalion to the defense. The place and role of a motorized rifle battalion in the battle order of a brigade in a defensive battle. Possible strengthening of the motorized rifle battalion in defense. Conducting a defensive battle by a battalion in a maneuverable (positional) defense.

Battle formation of a battalion in mobile (positional) defense: definition; elements of battle order and their purpose. Show the battle formation of a battalion of the first echelon of a separate motorized rifle brigade in a maneuverable (positional) defense with a diagram.

Artillery units on the defensive

Tasks of the artillery battalion in defense. Direct fire damage to the enemy. Periods of fire engagement of the enemy in defense, their beginning and end. Applied types of fire, their purpose and essence. Planning fire artillery battalion.

Order of battle of an artillery battalion: definition; requirements for the order of battle, and its elements. Types and spatial dimensions of areas of firing positions. Order of battle of an artillery battalion (diagram).

Artillery battalion maneuver in defense: content, procedure for implementation. The sequence and content of the work of the chief of staff of the battalion in planning the maneuver of the artillery battalion in defense, the initial data, the procedure for calculations.

The tasks of the artillery battalion in the defense at night. The work of the division commander in preparation for operations at night.

The sequence and content of the work of the commander of an artillery battalion in organizing combat on the ground. The procedure for clarifying tasks to subordinates. Combat documents worked out in the division.

Battalion offensive

Target of attack. Tactical tasks of the battalion in the offensive. Conditions and methods for the transition of a motorized rifle battalion to the offensive. The place and role of a motorized rifle battalion in the battle formation of a brigade in an offensive. Possible strengthening of the motorized rifle battalion in the offensive. Methods of attack of a motorized rifle battalion: conditions of use; order of formation of units for attack. The battle formation of a motorized rifle battalion during an attack on foot (diagram). Battalion fire system.

The goal of the oncoming battle. Conditions for the occurrence of an oncoming battle and their brief description. The place of the battalion in the oncoming battle of the brigade. The combat mission of the battalion operating in the forward detachment (diagram). Combat mission indicators. Battle order of the battalion.

Artillery units on the offensive

Tasks of the artillery battalion in the offensive. Direct fire damage to the enemy. Periods of fire damage to the enemy. Artillery preparation of the offensive is its characteristic. The sequence and methods of destruction of objects. Applied types of fire.

Artillery support of the advancing units, its characteristics. Methods of artillery support for advancing troops, their purpose, conditions of use, main indicators. Fire planning and the order of fire engagement of the enemy during the commissioning of the second echelon (combined arms reserve) into battle.

Tasks of the artillery battalion in a meeting battle. The sequence and content of the work of the division commander, acting as part of the vanguard.

Movement of an artillery battalion during an offensive battle: purpose and order of movement; movement planning content. The order of work of the headquarters of the division when planning the movement along: the line of the beginning of the movement; line of readiness; start line and readiness line.

Movement of artillery units

March of the artillery battalion. March indicators. The place of the division in the marching order of the motorized rifle brigade in anticipation of entering the battle. The decision of the division commander to march.

Shipping. Transportation methods. Combined movement.

Literature

1. Combat regulations of artillery. Part II. - M.: Military Publishing, 2013.

3.2. Section "General tactics and combat operations of missiledepartments"(for missile officers)

The theoretical part of the complex tactical task under the section "General tactics and combat operations of missile units" provides for two questions.

Answers to theoretical questions demonstrate the level of knowledge of the candidate: organization, weapons and the basics of combat operations of formations, units and subunits of the Ground Forces; the basics of organizing the battle of combined arms units; the basics of combat operations of missile units; basics of combat support.

The main indicators for assessing the theoretical level:

• completeness and depth of knowledge of the covered theoretical issues, intelligibility and clarity of wording, the use of statutory terms;
• Each question in the section is scored on a 4-point scale.
• The section score is defined as the average score for the section questions.

The general requirements for scoring a question are:

« Great» - the presence of deep knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the issue; competent, logical, complete and clear presentation of the material; graphic display is designed with a high staff culture;

« Good» - the presence of solid and fairly complete knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the issue; mostly competent, logical, and almost complete presentation of the material; the graphic display is designed with a good staff culture. In this case, non-principled errors and inaccuracies in wording and definitions may be made;

« satisfactorily» - knowledge of some theoretical foundations of the issue; mostly competent, insufficiently complete presentation of the material; the graphic display is designed with a satisfactory staff culture. At the same time, mistakes and inaccuracies in wording and definitions can be made, in general, allowing to judge whether the applicant has the necessary level of theoretical knowledge;

« unsatisfactory» - ignorance of the main provisions of the theoretical foundations of the issue; the presence of fundamental errors in the presentation of the answer to the question; graphic display is designed with a low staff culture.

General tactics

Defense goal. Types of defense and their brief description. Tactical tasks of the battalion in defense. Conditions for the transition of the battalion to the defense. Conducting a defensive battle by a battalion in a maneuverable (positional) defense.

Combat formation of a motorized rifle battalion in mobile (positional) defense: definition; elements of battle order and their purpose. The order of battle of the battalion of the first echelon of the brigade (scheme).

The system of strongholds and firing positions of the battalion: elements of the system; their purpose and brief description. Dimensions of strong points, removal of trenches. Show the system of positions and strongholds of a battalion defending in the first echelon of a brigade in a maneuverable (positional) defense with a diagram.

The system of fire destruction of the enemy. The structure and periods of fire engagement of the enemy, their beginning and end.

Target of attack. Tactical tasks of the battalion in the offensive. Conditions and methods for the transition of a motorized rifle battalion to the offensive. The place and role of a motorized rifle battalion in the battle formation of a brigade in an offensive. Possible strengthening of the motorized rifle battalion in the offensive. Methods of attack of a motorized rifle battalion: conditions of use; order of formation of units for attack.

The combat mission of the first-echelon motorized rifle battalion in the offensive: maintenance; combat mission indicators and their brief description. The combat mission of the motorized rifle battalion of the first echelon of the brigade in the offensive (diagram).

The advance of the motorized rifle battalion with the advance from the starting area; assigned routes, boundaries, area of ​​responsibility. The order of advancement and deployment of the battalion for the attack (scheme).

fighting missile units

Organization and armament of a missile (jet) brigade (before the battery). Tactical and technical characteristics of launchers (combat vehicles). Degrees of readiness of missile (reactive artillery) units.

Fundamentals of combat operations of tactical missile units (operational-tactical missiles, multiple launch rocket systems). The composition of the tactical missile system(operational-tactical missile system, Smerch multiple launch rocket system) and its combat capabilities. Combat order of a rocket (reactive artillery) division, its elements, requirements for it. Distance from the forward edge and dimensions of the positional area of ​​the missile (reactive artillery) battalion (scheme). The area of ​​deployment of the missile-technical division and the requirements for it.

Types of combat support, their goals, tasks, activities and their brief description.

Goals and main indicators of the march. Marching and maneuvering capabilities of rocket (reactive artillery) units. Planning the march of a rocket (reactive artillery) division.

The sequence and content of the work of the commander of a rocket (reactive artillery) division in the preparation of hostilities. The content of planning the combat operations of a rocket (reactive artillery) division. Documents developed in the division. The content of a combat order, an order to march, instructions on the types of combat support of the commander of a rocket (reactive artillery) division. Rules for maintaining the work card of the commander of the rocket (reactive artillery) division.

Literature

1. Combat Charter of the Ground Forces. Part II. - M.: Military Publishing, 2013.
2. The combat charter of the missile forces of the Ground Forces (brigade, division, battery). - M: Military Publishing House, 2014.
3. Applications to the Training Course for the Missile Forces of the Ground Forces. - M.: VTIIZ, 2015.

3.3. Section "Shooting and fire control"

(for artillery officers)

The theoretical part of the complex tactical task under the section "Shooting and fire control" provides for two theoretical questions related to the theory of probability, preparation of firing and fire control and fire control of artillery units.

Each question in the section is scored on a 4-point scale.

The section score is defined as the average score for the section questions.

The general requirements for scoring a question are:

« Great

« Good» - the presence of solid and fairly complete knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the content of the issue; the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical actions with the right methods; competent presentation of the material; knowledge of the main literature on the subject; good team culture. In this case, non-principled errors and inaccuracies in wording and definitions may be made;

« satisfactorily

« unsatisfactory

Random events: the concept of a random event; classification random events; theorems of addition and multiplication of probabilities for dependent and independent events; the probability and frequency of occurrence of random events, the relationship between them (Bernoulli's theorem); ways to determine probabilities.

Random variables: the concept of a random variable; dependent and independent random variables; discrete and continuous random variables; numerical characteristics of a random variable; mathematical expectation, variance, standard and median deviations, laws of distribution of a random variable (normal law, law of equal probability, Poisson's law)

System of random variables: the concept of a system of two random variables; distribution laws and numerical characteristics of a system of two random variables; correlation coefficients; the probability of hitting a rectangle with sides parallel to the main scattering axes.

The normal law of distribution of a random variable, its numerical characteristics, graphic representation and properties. The law of errors in determining installations and its numerical characteristics. The law of projectile dispersion and its numerical characteristics. Scattering scale. Total and single ellipses of dispersion. The probability of falling into a given interval using the function Ф(β).

The system of errors accompanying the firing of an artillery battalion: numerical characteristics of the system; sources of errors in the full preparation of shooting; distribution of firing preparation errors by groups (divisional, battery, gun); total median errors in determining shooting settings; assessment of the influence of various sources on the accuracy of the complete preparation; weights of error sources with changing shooting conditions.

Target zeroing in the performance of fire missions by a battery (division): the essence of zeroing; basic shooting methods and conditions for their use; termination conditions and characteristics of zeroing accuracy; theoretical substantiation of the zeroing order by observing the signs of breaks; the order of zeroing the target by the division commander with each battery with a rangefinder.

Organization of the definition of installations for shooting in the division: the content of the organization of the definition of installations; ways to determine settings for shooting; conditions of use and characteristics of the accuracy of these methods; the work of division officials to organize the determination of installations; clarifying amendments; updating shooting settings.

Determination of installations for shooting to kill in a zeroing division: the essence of the methods, conditions of use, the order of zeroing and conditions for the end of zeroing; conditions and procedure for zeroing in on hand and each battery of the division, characteristics of zeroing accuracy.

Shooting of a division (battery) to hit observable and unobservable targets: the concept of "observed" and "unobserved" targets, methods of firing at targets, the consumption of projectiles, the order of firing to kill. Correction of fire during shooting to kill.

Preparation of shooting and fire control in the division. The content of the preparation of firing and fire control in the battery (division): tasks of meteorological and ballistic training; tabular meteorological and ballistic firing conditions; meteorological measurements; meteorological bulletin, its content and expiration date; approximate accounting for the meteorological conditions of firing and the conditions for its application; determination of ballistic conditions of firing, accuracy of determination; the order of shooting batches of charges.

Literature

1. Artillery training course (KPA-2017) - M .: Military Publishing House, 2017.
2. Artillery shooting and fire control rules. Part I. - M.: Military Publishing, 2011.

3.4. Section "Missile strike control"

(for missile officers)

The theoretical part of the complex tactical task under the section "Missile strike control" provides for two theoretical questions.

Each question in the section is scored on a 4-point scale.

The section score is defined as the average score for the section questions.

The general requirements for scoring a question are:

« Great» - the presence of deep knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the content of the issue; the ability to freely apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical actions by rational methods; competent, logical, complete and clear presentation of the material; knowledge of the main literature on the subject; high staff culture;

« Good» - the presence of solid and fairly complete knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the content of the issue; the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical actions with the right methods; competent presentation of the material; knowledge of the main literature on the subject; good team culture. In this case, non-principled errors and inaccuracies in wordings and definitions may be made;

« satisfactorily» - knowledge of the main provisions of the theoretical foundations of the content of the issue; the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical actions; knowledge of the main literature on the subject. In this case, errors of an unprincipled nature may be made;

« unsatisfactory» - ignorance of some basic provisions of the theoretical foundations of the content of the issue; the presence of fundamental errors in the application of theoretical knowledge to solve practical actions; Availability blunders and difficulties in presenting the material of the issue; poor knowledge of the main literature on the content of the issue.

Basic concepts of probability theory. Random variables and events, their characteristics. Normal distribution law of a random variable, its parameters and properties. Scattering scale of the normal law. Total and single ellipses of dispersion. Determining the probability of hitting a random variable in a given area (in a given interval) using a dispersion scale, a distribution function, a reduced Laplace function.

Projectile trajectory and its elements. Table conditions for projectile flight. Geodetic, meteorological, ballistic, technical factors taken into account when determining launch installations and their influence on the flight of projectiles. scattering phenomenon. Reasons for scattering. Scattering characteristics. Startup errors. The distribution law of errors and their numerical characteristics.

A measure of angles used in rocket troops and artillery. Directional angle, true and magnetic azimuths and the relationship between them. Purpose, principle of operation of the topographic surveyor. Preparation of the surveyor for work, determination of the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the machine.

The task and content of meteorological preparation of launches. The main meteorological quantities taken into account in the preparation of missile (projectile) launches. The content of the meteorological bulletin "Meteorological". Accuracy criterion for meteorological preparation when determining installations by the full preparation method. The work of the commander and headquarters for the organization of meteorological preparation of missile launches (projectiles).

Tabular meteorological launch conditions. The concept of the average deviation of air temperature and the average wind. The concept of ballistic wind and ballistic deviation of air temperature.

Tasks and content of the calculation of control data for launching missiles (calculated installations and flight task data for launching projectiles). Methods of calculation. Initial data for determining installations. The essence of the calculation of geodetic data. Range reduction. The procedure and rules for calculating geodetic data using the Collection of tables for calculating geodetic data. Order of recalculation of coordinates to the adjacent zone. Control of the accuracy of determining the control (geodetic) data for launching missiles (projectiles).

The work of the commander and staff to organize the determination of control data (calculated settings and flight mission data) and control of their accuracy. Accounting for geodetic, meteorological, ballistic and technical launch conditions when determining installations. Determination of installations with the help of an electronic computer of a complex of means of automation and control. Determination of the possibility of launching through the crest of the shelter.

Ways to perform tasks for the fire destruction of the enemy by a rocket (reactive artillery) division. Requirements for missile strikes.

Essence and content of strike control. Requirements for impact control. The decision of the division commander to perform the tasks of preparing and delivering strikes. The order and methods of setting tasks for striking. Purpose, content of the signal-code table, operation procedure. The content of commands to strike at planned and unplanned targets. Executive commands and the order of their execution. The duties of the commander and headquarters in the performance of tasks for the preparation and delivery of strikes.

Requirements for planning tasks for the preparation and delivery of missile strikes at the tactical exercise of the division. Features of the performance of tasks by subdivisions of a reduced composition.

The essence and content of the training of units for the control of missile strikes. Types of classes used to train missile strike control units.

Characteristics of readiness No. 1, 2, 3 divisions (batteries). Procedure for maintaining readiness No. 1, 2, 3. Permissible time for being in readiness No. 1, 2, 3, and what causes it.

Literature

1. Wentzel E.S. Probability Theory. - M.: Nauka, 1969.
2. Training course for missile troops of the Ground Forces (KP RV SV - 2014) - M .: VTIIZ, 2015.
3. Signal code table.

3.5. Section “Combat and mobilization readiness. Organization of combattraining of units and subunits of missile forces and artillery"

The theoretical part of the complex tactical task under the section "Combat and mobilization readiness, organization of combat training of units and subunits of the missile forces and artillery" provides for two theoretical questions.

Answers to theoretical questions demonstrate the candidate's level of knowledge of combat training, combat and mobilization readiness of artillery and missile units and subunits.

The main indicators for assessing the theoretical level:

• Each question in the section is scored on a 4-point scale.
• The section score is defined as the average score for the section questions.

The general requirements for scoring a question are:

« Great

« Good» - the presence of solid and fairly complete knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the content of the issue; the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical actions with the right methods; competent presentation of the material; knowledge of the main guiding documents for the section, while minor errors and inaccuracies in wording and definitions can be made;

« satisfactorily

« unsatisfactory

Combat and mobilization readiness

General provisions and concepts of mobilization. Basic concepts of combat readiness of troops. The essence (definition) and the degree of combat readiness, their brief description.

The combat readiness of the subunit, the main activities carried out in the subunit when brought to the highest degree of combat readiness (notification, the action of the daily order, the actions of personnel in the barracks and the park). Exit of the alarm unit from the park to the area of ​​formation of columns, activities carried out in the area of ​​formation of columns. Combat crew of the unit (assignment, initial data for its compilation, list of typical activities of the combat crew, procedure for making clarifications and changes). Combat readiness documents maintained in a unit (battery, division). Responsibilities of the commander to maintain the combat readiness of the unit.

Military training (purpose, structure, tasks, classification, guidelines, characteristics of the main activities of training). General provisions for organizing a meeting, receiving, equipping and distributing citizens in reserve.

Mobilization needs of units in personnel and equipment. Current and temporary shortfall in personnel, weapons and military equipment.

The procedure for studying citizens in the reserve. Military registration signs of citizens in the reserve. The quality of staffing units with citizens in the reserve, by level of training, by age, by military specialty, by health. The essence of the registration of personnel in a direct military specialty and direct official assignment.

Organization of combat training

Fundamentals of combat training in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation: purpose, tasks, requirements and principles of combat training.

Combat training system: definition of the system, elements of the system and their brief description.

The structure of combat training and a brief description of its components.

Forms and methods of training implemented in the course of combat training of units and their brief description. Responsibilities of the division (battery) commander to manage the combat training of subordinate units.

Planning of combat training in the unit. Combat training planning documents developed in the division (battery) and their summary.

The main forms of control over the level of training of personnel and the coherence of artillery (missile) units

Documents developed for the lesson. Brief description of the structural elements of the lesson. Features of conducting various types of classes.

Control-complex lesson with an artillery battery. General provisions for the preparation and conduct of a comprehensive control session. The list and content of documents developed for conducting a control-complex lesson. The procedure for evaluating the control-complex lesson.

Tactical exercise with an artillery battery ( general provisions for the preparation and conduct of the exercise; list and content of documents developed for conducting tactical exercises; battery evaluation procedure for tactical
doctrine).

Literature

1. Manual on combat training of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Introduced by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of December 1, 2013 No. 760. - M .: Krasnaya Zvezda, 2014.
2. Manual on the preparation and conduct of combined arms tactical and command and staff exercises (parts 1 and 2). - M.: Krasnaya Zvezda, 2015.
3. General military charters of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. - M.: Red Star, 2016.
4. Army Combat Training Program. Book 3. For units of rocket troops and artillery. Part 1. For missile units, Part 2. For artillery units. - M.: Krasnaya Zvezda, 2015.
5. Training program for officers of the tactical level of the Ground Forces (parts I and II). - M.: 2011.

3.6. Section "Service of troops and security of military service"

The theoretical part of the complex tactical assignment for the section "Troop Service and Security of Military Service" provides theoretical question.

The answer to a theoretical question demonstrates the candidate's level of knowledge of the organization of military service and the security of military service in artillery and missile units and subunits.

The main indicators for assessing the theoretical level:

completeness and depth of disclosure of the content of the issue under consideration, intelligibility and clarity of wording, the use of generally accepted statutory terms;

logical sequence, clarity and clarity of presentation of theoretical provisions;

the ability to draw practical conclusions and make decisions based on knowledge of the theory of the issue.

The score for the question of the section is set on a 4-point scale.

The general requirements for scoring a question are:

« Great» - the presence of deep knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the content of the issue; the ability to freely apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical actions by rational methods; competent, logical, complete and clear presentation of the material; knowledge of the main guiding documents for the section;

« Good» - the presence of solid and fairly complete knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the content of the issue; the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical actions with the right methods; competent presentation of the material; knowledge of the main guiding documents for the section. In this case, non-principled errors and inaccuracies in wordings and definitions may be made;

« satisfactorily» - knowledge of the main provisions of the theoretical foundations of the content of the issue; the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical actions; knowledge of the main guiding documents for the section. In this case, errors of an unprincipled nature may be made;

« unsatisfactory» - ignorance of some basic provisions of the theoretical foundations of the content of the issue; the presence of fundamental errors in the application of theoretical knowledge to solve practical actions; the presence of gross errors and difficulties in presenting the material of the issue; poor knowledge of the main guiding documents for the section.

Troop service: essence, goals, tasks. The main areas of work of the unit commander in managing the service of troops in the unit.

The work of the commander of the unit for the organization of accounting, storage and issuance of small arms and ammunition. The procedure for accounting for personnel in a unit (division, battery).

Internal service: essence, tasks, governing documents. Organization of internal service in the unit (subdivision), organization and content of ongoing events. The procedure for the selection and training of daily duty personnel appointed from the unit.

Guard Service: Essence, Tasks, Guiding Documents. Organization of guard duty. Features of the selection and training of the guard. Guiding documents, organization and content of the events.

Security of military service: essence, purpose, conditions of provision. The duties of the commander (chief) to ensure the security of military service. Training of military personnel to meet security requirements in the daily activities of troops (forces). Types of briefings on the safety of military service (brief description).

Educational and material base for the security of military service in a military unit (subdivision). Training facilities (places) for training military personnel to meet security requirements in daily activities.

Analysis of the state of service of the troops and the security of military service. Summing up the results of combat training, service of troops, law and order, security of military service and the state of military discipline. Assessment of the state of service of the troops, the safety of military service.

Literature

1. General military charters of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. - M.: Krasnaya Zvezda, 2016.
2. Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of February 28, 1996 No. 90 "On the organization of accounting, storage and issuance of small arms and ammunition for them, as well as engineering ammunition in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation."
3. Directive of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation No. ДГШ-23 dated April 24, 2015 "On approval of methods for checking the state of service of troops, the safety of military service, organizing the equipment and operation of technical security equipment in a military unit (military control body)".
4. Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of July 22, 2015 No. 444dsp "On approval of the Guidelines for ensuring the security of military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation."
5. Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2015 No. 777dsp "On the procedure for conducting inspections in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation."

3.7. Section "Fundamentals of the organization of combat support for combat operations of artillery units: artillery reconnaissance"

(for artillery officers)

In the theoretical part of the complex tactical task for the section "Fundamentals of the organization of combat support for the combat operations of artillery units: artillery reconnaissance" there is one question.

The answer to the theoretical question demonstrates the level of knowledge of the candidate:

• provisions combat charter artillery for the organization of artillery reconnaissance:
• the role, essence, content, tasks, objects of artillery reconnaissance, methods of conducting it;
• the content of the training of reconnaissance artillery units for the fulfillment of assigned tasks in battle;
• the content of the work of officials of artillery units in organizing artillery reconnaissance;
• provisions of the manual for the combat work of artillery optical reconnaissance units:
• goals and objectives of optical reconnaissance;
• basic requirements for optical reconnaissance;
• order of battle of optical reconnaissance units to perform reconnaissance and firing maintenance tasks;
• topographic and geodetic binding of observation points;
• organizing and conducting reconnaissance from observation posts.

The general requirements for scoring a question are:

"Great" if the candidate has shown deep knowledge of the material, correctly and logically presents it; is able to identify the features of the organization of artillery reconnaissance, the performance of reconnaissance missions and the reconnaissance work of officials and control bodies in various conditions of the situation;

"Good" if the candidate has shown solid knowledge of the material, he correctly presents it; knows the basic provisions for the organization of artillery reconnaissance, the content of reconnaissance tasks and reconnaissance work of officials, while allowing minor inaccuracies;

"satisfactorily" if the candidate showed knowledge of only the basic material; makes significant errors in the answer, does not know the content of the organization of artillery reconnaissance, is able to identify and take into account the influence of only some factors of the situation on the procedure for performing reconnaissance tasks and reconnaissance work of officials and control bodies;

"unsatisfactory" if the candidate has not shown knowledge of the material, is not able to identify the influence of situational factors on the procedure for performing reconnaissance tasks and reconnaissance work of officials and bodies
management.

Artillery reconnaissance as a type of combat support for combat operations of a division: definition; basic requirements for artillery reconnaissance. Forces, means (bodies) of artillery reconnaissance of an artillery battalion. Methods of conducting artillery reconnaissance. Sources of intelligence information.

The purpose of the artillery reconnaissance of the division (batteries), the nature of the reconnaissance tasks performed by the subunits in the performance of combat missions. The main tasks of artillery reconnaissance of the division (batteries). The main objects (targets) of artillery reconnaissance. Artillery surveillance system. The procedure for conducting optical (optical-electronic) reconnaissance. The procedure for conducting radar reconnaissance.

Artillery reconnaissance group: purpose, main tasks.

Organization of artillery reconnaissance in a division (battery): definition, purpose, main activities, the beginning and sequence of their implementation, the basis for organizing artillery reconnaissance. Objective assessment of the enemy: definition, basis for conducting object assessment of the enemy. Purpose and tasks of artillery reconnaissance. The content of instructions on the organization of artillery reconnaissance in the division (battery). Preparation of proposals for the use of forces and means of artillery reconnaissance. Setting tasks for artillery reconnaissance units.

Artillery reconnaissance planning in a division (battery): the main activities, the basis for planning, the procedure for carrying out planning activities, which reflects the planning results.

Working card of the head of intelligence of the division (commander of the control platoon): what is displayed on it. Documents maintained at the command and observation post of the division (batteries), their brief description. The order of distribution of artillery reconnaissance tasks in a division (battery).

Organization of interaction, comprehensive support and management.

Designation and imitation of the enemy in a tactical exercise artillery battery. Evaluation of an artillery battery for the results of reconnaissance during tactical exercises.

Literature

1. Combat regulations of artillery. Part II. - M.: Military Publishing, 2013..
2. Combat Charter of the Ground Forces. Part II. - M.: Military Publishing, 2013.
3. Artillery training course (KPA-2017) - M .: Military Publishing House, 2017.
4. Guidelines for the combat work of artillery optical reconnaissance units. - M.: Military Publishing, 2005.

3.8. Section "Fundamentals of the organization of combat support for combat operations of units and subunits of the missile forces: reconnaissance, electronic warfare"

(for missile officers)

In the theoretical part of the complex tactical task under the section "Fundamentals of the organization of intelligence" there is one extended question.

The answer to a theoretical question demonstrates the candidate's level of knowledge of the organization of combat support for missile units and subunits (intelligence, electronic warfare).

The score for a question in a section is set according to a 4-point system.

The general requirements for scoring a question are:

"Great" if the level of the candidate’s answer fully corresponds to the question of the section, he has shown deep knowledge of the material, he correctly and logically presents it, he knows the basics of organizing intelligence, electronic warfare in the interests of combat support of missile units and subunits;

"Good" if the candidate has shown a solid knowledge of the material, correctly presents it, knows the basics of organizing intelligence, electronic warfare in the interests of combat support for missile units and subunits, and makes minor inaccuracies in the report;

"satisfactorily" if the candidate has shown knowledge of only the basic material, makes significant mistakes in the answer, does not know the basics of organizing intelligence, electronic warfare in the interests of combat support of missile units and subunits;

"unsatisfactory" if the candidate did not show proper knowledge of the material, there is no argumentation and logical sequence of the presentation of the question.

Intelligence service. The goals of organizing and conducting intelligence. The content of reconnaissance of positional areas and routes in the missile division. The work of the commander and headquarters of the missile (missile-technical) division to organize reconnaissance of positional areas (deployment areas) and routes.

Composition and tasks of the reconnaissance group. The content and sequence of work of the head of the reconnaissance group, the documents being worked out and their content. The content of the order for reconnaissance of positional areas (deployment areas) and routes. Tasks of reconnaissance groups: missile division, rocket technical division.

Electronic warfare, goals and objectives. The content of the main tasks of electronic warfare. The order of organization of electronic warfare in the division.

Literature

• The combat charter of the missile forces of the Ground Forces (brigade, division, battery). - M.: Military Publishing, 2014.

3.9. Section "Combat capabilities of artillery weapons"

(for artillery officers)

In the theoretical part of the complex tactical task in the section "Combat capabilities of artillery weapons" there is one question containing elements of the theory of artillery weapons from the composition of rocket and artillery weapons systems.

The answer to the question shows the candidate's level of knowledge of combat properties (purpose, basic performance characteristics used ammunition and organizational and staffing) samples of rocket and artillery weapons of missile forces and artillery;

The score for the question of the section is set on a 4-point system.

The general requirements for scoring a question are:

« Great» - the presence of deep knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the issue; the ability to freely apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical issues by rational methods; competent, logical, complete and clear presentation of the material; knowledge of the main literature on the subject;

« Good» - the presence of solid and fairly complete knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the issue; the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical issues with the right methods; competent presentation of the material; knowledge of the main literature on the subject. In this case, non-principled errors and inaccuracies in wordings and definitions may be made;

« satisfactorily» - knowledge of the main provisions of the theoretical foundations of the issue; the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical issues; knowledge of the main literature on the subject. In this case, errors of an unprincipled nature may be made;

« unsatisfactory

Basic concepts and definitions

Armament. Artillery gun. Ammunition. Artillery shot (as a weapon). Projectile. Fuse. combat charge. External and internal ballistics.

Classification artillery pieces. Classification of artillery barrels. Classification of shutters of artillery pieces. Classification of recoil devices. Sight classification. Classification of artillery shells. Classification of warheads. Explosive classification.

Combat properties of artillery weapons

Purpose, main performance characteristics of MT-12, D-30, 2A65, 2S1, 2S3M, 2S5, 2S12, 2S19, 2S19M1, 2K25, 9K111, 9P149, 9K51, 9K57, their organizational and staffing, combat equipment with shots.

Fundamentals of operation of artillery shots

Basic safety requirements in the preparation of artillery shots for combat use. The procedure for preparing artillery shots at a firing position.

The procedure for preparing fuses (RGM-2M, V-429, V-90, DTM-75, T-90,
AR-5, MRV-U, TM-120) for firing, installation of fuses.

The order of picking combat charges.

Literature

1. 100 mm anti-tank gun MT-12. Service guide. - M.: Military Publishing, 1980.
2. 122 mm D-30. Technical description and instruction manual. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1981.
3. 122 mm SG 2S1. Calculation reminder. - M.: Military Publishing, 1987.
4. 122 mm SG 2S1. Technical description and operating instructions. Books 1, 2. - M .: Military Publishing, 1979.
5. 152 mm 2S19. Technical description and operating instructions. - M.: Military Publishing, 1989.
6. 152 mm 2S19M1. Technical description and operating instructions. - M.: Military Publishing, 2012.
7. 152-mm shots with a guided projectile 3OF39. Technical description and operating instructions. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1984.
8. 152-mm self-propelled howitzer 2S3M. Book 2. Part 3. Ammunition. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1979.
9. 152-mm self-propelled howitzer 2S3M. Technical description and operating instructions. Book 2. 152 mm G2A33. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1979.
10. 152-mm self-propelled howitzer 2S3M1. Calculation reminder. - M.: Military Publishing, 1987.
11. 152-mm self-propelled howitzer 2S5. Calculation reminder. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1979.
12. 152-mm self-propelled howitzer 2S5. Technical description and operating instructions. Books 1, 2. - M .: Military Publishing, 1979.
13. Combat vehicle 9P140. Technical description and operating instructions. - M.: Military Publishing, 1975.
14. B-429 fuse. Service guide. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1957.
15. Fuse RGM-2M. Service guide. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1968.
16. Head fuse B-90. Service guide. - M.: Military Publishing, 1976.
17. Head fuse GPV-2. Service guide. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1962.
18. Product 2A65. Technical description and operating instructions. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1982.
19. Product 2S3M. Technical description and operating instructions. Book 1. - M.: Military Publishing, 1980.
20. Product 9P149. Technical description and operating instructions. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1984.
21. Product DTM-75. - M.: Military Publishing, 1976.
22. Instructions on the organization of registration, storage and issuance of small arms and ammunition in the troops. - M.: Military Publishing, 1993.
23. Foundations of the device and the design of guns and ammunition for ground artillery. Textbook. - M.: Military Publishing, 1976.
24. Rocket 9M27F, 9M27K. Technical description and operating instructions. - M.: Military Publishing, 1975.
25. Manual for the operation of military calibers and instruments. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1983.
26. Manual for the operation of rocket and artillery weapons. Part 1. - M.: Military Publishing, 1988.
27. Instructions to artillery units on the organization and conduct of ballistic preparation of firing. - M.: Military Publishing, 1992.

3.10. Section "Combat capabilities and operation of missile weapons"

(for missile officers)

The theoretical part of the complex tactical task under the section "Combat capabilities and operation of missile weapons" provides for two questions.

The answers to the questions show the candidate's level of knowledge of the combat properties, the general structure of the main types of missile weapons of the Ground Forces, the basic rules for the operation of weapons and military equipment of the missile forces and artillery.

Each question in the section is scored on a 4-point scale.

The section score is defined as the average score for the section questions.

The general requirements for scoring a question are:

« Great» - the presence of deep knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the issue; the ability to freely apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical issues by rational methods; competent, logical, complete and clear presentation of the material; knowledge of the main literature on the section;

« Good» - the presence of solid and fairly complete knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the issue; the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical issues with the right methods; competent presentation of the material; knowledge of the main literature on the section. In this case, non-principled errors and inaccuracies in wordings and definitions may be made;

« satisfactorily» - knowledge of the main provisions of the theoretical foundations of the issue; the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical issues; knowledge of the main literature on the section. In this case, errors of an unprincipled nature may be made;

« unsatisfactory» - ignorance of some basic provisions of the theoretical foundations of the issue; the presence of fundamental errors in the application of theoretical knowledge to solve practical issues; the presence of gross errors and difficulties in the presentation of educational material on ticket issues; poor knowledge of the main literature on the content of the issue.

Combat capabilities of missile weapons

The structure and combat capabilities of the missile system. Purpose, composition and combat capabilities of the missile system (tactical, operational-tactical missile system and multiple launch rocket systems). Objects of defeat. The relationship of the elements of the complex in the preparation of the launch of missiles.

Rocket. Combat equipment of the missile system. Purpose, performance characteristics and general arrangement of combat units. Purpose, composition and technical characteristics of the rocket part. Composition and tasks solved by the control system. Onboard equipment of the control system. The functioning of the rocket in preparation for launch, launch and in flight.

Self-propelled launcher. Purpose and tasks solved by a self-propelled launcher. Tactical and technical characteristics and general arrangement of a self-propelled launcher. base chassis. Special equipment and systems of the self-propelled launcher.

Ground equipment of the missile system. Purpose, performance characteristics and composition of the transport-loading vehicle. Technical characteristics and general arrangement of the equipment of the transport-loading machine. Purpose, technical characteristics, composition and general characteristics of the elements of the special part of the transport vehicle.

The structure and combat capabilities of a multiple launch rocket system. Purpose, composition and combat capabilities of the Smerch multiple launch rocket system. The relationship of the elements of the multiple launch rocket system in the preparation and launch of rockets.

Rockets. Combat equipment of multiple rocket launchers. Purpose, performance characteristics and general arrangement of the warhead of rocket projectiles. Purpose, composition and technical characteristics of missile units. Composition and tasks solved by the control system. Onboard equipment of the control system. The functioning of missiles in the modes of pre-launch preparation, preparation for launch, launch, in flight and the action of missiles at the target.

Fighting machine. Purpose and tasks solved by the combat vehicle. Tactical and technical characteristics and the general arrangement of the combat vehicle. base chassis. Artillery unit.

Ground equipment for multiple launch rocket systems. Purpose, performance characteristics and general arrangement of the transport-loading vehicle.

Operation of missile weapons

The main activities of the organization of operation. Stages (periods) of operation of missile weapons.

Maintenance of missile weapons. System and classification of types of maintenance.

Repair of missile weapons. System and classification of types of repair of missile weapons.

Monitoring the technical condition of missile weapons. System and types of monitoring the technical condition of missile weapons.

Storage of missile weapons. Types of storage, placement and removal of missile weapons from storage.

Transportation of rocket weapons and missiles various types transport.

Planning for the operation of missile weapons: goals, initial data, basic planning documents.

Checking and assessing the state of missile weapons.

Features of the operation of Gostekhnadzor facilities included in complexes and samples of missile weapons.

Literature

1. The combat charter of the missile forces of the Ground Forces (brigade, division, battery). - M.: Military Publishing, 2014.
2. A set of technical documentation for missile systems and multiple launch rocket systems.
3. A set of operational documentation for missile systems and multiple launch rocket systems.
4. Manual for the work of control groups at tactical exercises of a brigade (battalion, battery) of operational-tactical missiles. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1984.
5. Rocket and artillery armament. Book 2. Rocket armament of the Ground Forces. - L .: VAA, 1987.
6. Guidelines for the combat work of the launch battery and the transportation and reloading department (technical missile platoon). Complex 9K79. - M.: Military Publishing, 1992.
7. Manual for the operation of rocket and artillery weapons. - M.: Military Publishing, 2009.
8. Self-propelled launcher 9P78-1. Manual. Part 1. Technical description. Book 2. Construction. 2006.
9. Instructions on the combat work of the technical battery of a separate missile-technical division of a missile brigade. - M.: VTIIZ, 2009.
10. Guidelines for the organization and implementation of activities of daily activities in a military unit. Book 3. Technical support. (Directive of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation of 2001 No. DGSh 332/500). - M.: Military publishing house. 2003.
11. Guidelines for the maintenance of weapons and military equipment for combined arms purposes, military-technical property in Armed Forces ah of the Russian Federation, put into effect by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of 2013 No. 969.
12. Temporary regulation on the basics of organizing the maintenance of weapons and military equipment in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, put into effect by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation in 2010 No. 1919dsp.
13. Guidelines for the verification and assessment of the state of weapons and military equipment for combined arms purposes in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, put into effect by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation in 1996 No. 255.

IV. The program of the entrance test to assess the level of professional preparedness of candidates
(practical part of a complex tactical task)

4.1. Section "Combat operations of artillery units"

(for artillery officers)

The practical part of the complex tactical task under the section "Combat operations of artillery units" provides for two tasks for planning the combat operations of artillery units, while the first task must be rated at least " satisfactorily».

Answers to practical tasks allow assessing the candidate's skills in carrying out calculations when planning a fire engagement of the enemy and the maneuver of artillery units with their graphic display on a working map.

When solving problems, it is allowed to use the Training Course
artillery.

The main indicators for evaluating the completed task:

• the ability to carry out calculations when planning the combat operations of artillery units;
• the ability to accompany calculations with a graphic illustration on a working map with a high staff culture;
• correct communication of planning results to subordinate units;
• tactical outlook and thinking of an officer;
• completeness and quality of the graphic illustration of the answer.

« Great» - the presence of deep knowledge of the methods of planning the combat operations of the division; the calculations in planning the fire engagement of the enemy and the maneuver of artillery subunits were carried out correctly; graphic display is designed with a high staff culture; proposals to the battalion commander on the combat use of the division were reported in full; the combat mission of the subordinate units was set correctly;

« Good» - the presence of solid and fairly complete knowledge of the methodology for planning the combat operations of the division; the calculations in planning the fire engagement of the enemy and the maneuver of artillery units were carried out mostly correctly, the graphic display was designed with a good staff culture; proposals to the battalion commander on the combat use of the division were reported mostly in full; the combat mission of subordinate subunits was generally set correctly. In this case, non-principled errors in calculations, small errors in planning the fire engagement of the enemy and the maneuver of artillery units can be made;

« satisfactorily» - the presence of some knowledge of the methods of planning the combat operations of the division; the calculations in planning the fire engagement of the enemy and the maneuver of artillery units were carried out with minor errors, the graphic display was designed with a satisfactory staff culture; proposals to the battalion commander on the combat use of the division were not reported in full; combat mission assigned to subordinate units, but not in full. In this case, errors and inaccuracies in calculations, errors in planning a fire engagement of the enemy and maneuver of artillery subunits can be made, generally making it possible to complete the task.

« unsatisfactory» - ignorance of the main provisions of the methodology for planning the combat operations of the division; the presence of significant errors in the application of theoretical knowledge to address practical issues; calculations in planning the enemy's fire engagement and maneuver of artillery units were performed incorrectly, the graphic display was designed with a low staff culture: proposals to the battalion commander on the combat use of the division were not reported; the combat mission was not assigned to subordinate subunits, or it was assigned incorrectly.

In defensive combat:

• planning the advancement of the division from the area of ​​concentration and deployment in the area of ​​firing positions, the report of proposals for the advancement of the division to the battalion commander;
• planning the maneuver of the artillery battalion during the battle, reporting proposals for the maneuver of the artillery battalion to the battalion commander;
• planning fire engagement of the enemy during a counterattack by the second echelon of the battalion (plan the fire of the division on the object of attack and objects in the depths of the hastily occupied enemy defenses, report proposals for the combat use of the division to the battalion commander, issue a command to fire the enemy).

In offensive combat:

• determination of the density of fire on the target during the period of artillery preparation for the offensive;
• calculations when planning the fire of the division along the lines of mobile concentration of fire during the period of artillery support of the advancing units, the report of proposals to the battalion commander on fire engagement of the enemy in the course of artillery support of the advancing units;
• planning fire engagement of the enemy when the second echelon of the battalion is brought into battle (plan the fire of the division on the object of attack and objects in the depths of the enemy’s defense, report proposals for the combat use of the division to the battalion commander, issue a command to engage the enemy by fire);
• planning the movement of the division during the offensive, the report of proposals to the battalion commander on the movement of the artillery division.

Literature

1. Combat regulations of artillery. Part II. - M.: Military Publishing, 2013..
2. Combat Charter of the Ground Forces. Part II. - M.: Military Publishing, 2013.
3. Artillery shooting and fire control rules. Part I. - M.: Military Publishing, 2011.
4. Artillery training course (KPA-2017). - M.: Military Publishing, 2017.

4.2. Chapter"Missile combat operations"

(for missile officers)

The practical part of the complex tactical task under the section "Combat operations of missile units" includes two tasks for planning the combat operations of a missile (rocket artillery) division, while the first task must be rated at least " satisfactorily».

When solving problems, the skills and abilities in the practical performance of functional duties are checked, which are necessary for the further mastery of military professional competencies while studying at the academy, followed by an assessment that characterizes the applicant's ability to master the curriculum.

The assessment for each task of the section is set according to a 4-point system.

The general requirements for scoring each task are:

"Great", if the candidate knows and confidently fully fulfills the functional duties of an official within the framework of the issues under consideration, correctly and fully assesses the given situation and correctly applies them when performing tactical calculations, accepts rational decisions, correctly conducts the necessary calculations, timely and correctly completes the documents determined by the conditions of the problem being solved;

"Good", if the candidate knows the main functional duties of the relevant official within the framework of the issues under consideration and performs them confidently enough, taking into account the main factors of the situation, makes sufficiently reasonable decisions, makes the necessary calculations with individual inaccuracies and works out the documents determined by the conditions of the task being solved;

"satisfactorily", if the candidate has the necessary understanding of the functional duties of the relevant official and skills in their implementation, necessary for the performance of the assigned task, makes inaccuracies in assessing the situation, does not make gross errors in the performance of calculations, does not fully work out the documents specified by the conditions of the task being solved;

"unsatisfactory" if the candidate does not have the necessary skills, cannot apply the acquired knowledge in practice and complete the task.

1. Practical implementation of the tasks of planning military operations as a commander (chief of staff) of a missile division. Including:

• planning missile strikes at the headquarters of the division;
• planning for the advancement of a rocket (reactive artillery) battalion to a positional area and deployment in battle formation;
• planning maneuver and movement of the division during combat operations;
• planning the maneuver of division units in the positional area.

2. Development of documents worked out by the headquarters of the rocket (reactive artillery) division based on the results obtained in the course of planning military operations.

3. Planning of combat support measures at the headquarters of the missile (reactive artillery) division.

Literature

1. The combat charter of the missile forces of the Ground Forces (brigade, division, battery). - M.: Military Publishing, 2014.
2. Training course for missile troops of the Ground Forces (KP RV SV - 2014). - M.: VTIIZ, 2015.

4.3. Section "Shooting and fire control"

(for artillery officers)

The practical part of the complex tactical task in the section "Shooting and fire control" provides for the solution of five tasks, while the first two tasks must be rated at least " satisfactorily».

The assessment of the level of professional readiness of candidates for solving problems in terms of the elements of preparing fire and controlling the fire of artillery units is set according to a 4-point system in accordance with the standards given in table 3.

Standards and assessment for solving problems

Name of errors		"Good"	"Great"
Errors in determining coordinates, m
Errors in the calculation of the total deviation of the initial velocity of projectiles, %
Correction errors:
range, m
directions, del.ugl.
Errors in determining the calculated data:
by range, % of D T C
in direction, affairs. ang.
other elements	According to the requirements of KPA-93
Score for completing a fire mission	According to the requirements of KPA-93
Evaluation for leading the execution of a fire mission: It's great if the mark for the performance of the fire mission is set according to the KPA-93. It is good if the score for the performance of the fire mission is set with a deviation from the CPA-93 (no more than 1 error was made in determining the overall score or in the evaluation of any condition). Satisfactory, if the score for the performance of the fire mission is set with a deviation from CPA-93 (no more than 2 errors were made in determining the overall score or in the evaluation of any condition). Unsatisfactory, if the condition for "satisfactory" is not met or the score for the performance of the fire mission is set without justification or with deviations from KPA-93 and PSiUO-11. Note: 1 mistake - decrease (increase) in the score by 1 point
The deviation of the results of solving problems in the theory of probability from the control data does not exceed 0.1. For large deviations - unsatisfactory»

As a battalion commander, make a decision and issue a command to engage a target with concentrated fire from the battalion, to prepare a fixed (moving) barrage fire at the command of the chief of artillery of a motorized rifle brigade or by order of the commander of a supported motorized rifle battalion.

In the position of chief of staff of the division, calculate the adjusted adjustments of the sighting gun and transfer them to other batteries of the division. In the position of senior officer of the battery that received the sighting gun data, calculate their own sighted corrections and correct the schedule of calculated corrections.

Determining the coordinates of the elements of the battle order and the target in various ways.

Determination of ballistic and meteorological conditions of firing, calculation of total corrections for deviation of firing conditions from tabular values.

Determination of installations for shooting to kill in various ways. Setting a task to defeat an observable (non-observable) target.

To analyze and evaluate the performance of a test fire mission by a battery (division) on imitation means (with live firing) according to the firing record form.

Determination of the overall score for the division for the performance of test fire missions in a tactical exercise according to the proposed assessments for the performance of various fire missions as part of the division and independently by batteries.

Literature

1. Artillery shooting and fire control rules. Part I. - M.: Military Publishing, 2011.
2. Manual for the study of the rules of firing and fire control of artillery. Part I. Division, battery, platoon, gun. - M.: Military Publishing House, 2011.
3. Artillery training course (KPA-2017). - M.: Military Publishing, 2017.
4. Instructions to artillery units on the organization and conduct of ballistic training. - M.: Military Publishing, 1992.
5. Instructions on the work of the meteorological post of the artillery battalion. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1981.
6. Fire control of an artillery group (division). - St. Petersburg: VAU, 2000.
7. Preparation of firing and fire control of artillery. - M.: Military Publishing, 1987.
8. Shooting and fire control of artillery units. - M.: Military Publishing, 1987.

4.4. Section "Missile strike control"

(for missile officers)

The practical part of the complex tactical task in the section "Missile strike control" provides for the solution of five tasks, while the first two tasks must be rated at least " satisfactorily».

The assessment of the level of professional preparedness of candidates for solving problems in terms of launch preparation elements, probability theory and missile unit strike control is set on a 4-point system according to the criteria given in Table 4.

Evaluation criteria for problem solving

Name of errors	Accuracy characteristics for evaluation
		"Good"	"Great"
Errors in assessing the fulfillment of the tasks of the RV Training Course	Rated "excellent" with correct answer
Errors in decision-making and setting tasks for subordinates
Errors in determining the coordinates of the SP, m
Errors in the determination of Aish, min
Errors in recalculating coordinates to the adjacent zone, m/d.s.
Errors in determining control data for missile launch, m/min
Errors in determining the calculated installations - Pi and ai, thousand/d.c.
Errors in determining the probability of hitting (expenditure of shells), %/pcs.

Assess the performance of the task of delivering a single (group) missile strike by a battalion (battery) against a planned and unplanned target in accordance with the Training Course for the Missile Forces of the Ground Forces, if the execution time and accuracy characteristics in terms of range, direction and technical execution of operations of each launcher (combat machine) participating in the strike.

In the position of the division commander, make a decision on the appointment of the performer (performers) and determine the position of the aiming points for them and assign them tasks to strike, as well as determine the time to press the "Start" buttons, if the command was received from the brigade commander to deliver a missile strike and the range is known launch, azimuth (directional angle) of the target, the presence and types of missiles on launchers (rockets on combat vehicles) and the state of units.

Determine the coordinates of the starting position from the known coordinates of the contour point, the directional angle from the launch point to the contour point and the distance between them and determine the control (geodetic) data for the launch (calculated settings for launching rockets) with a preliminary recalculation of the target coordinates in the area of ​​the starting position (coordinates starting position to the target area).

Calculate the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the topographic positioner, if the readings for the three points of the gyrocompass reversion are known; formulary correction of the gyrocompass, convergence of the meridians and the reading of the sight or directional angle (initial azimuth) of the reference direction, if the readings for the three points of the gyrocompass reversion are known, geodetic (rectangular) coordinates of the starting position; formulary correction of the gyrocompass.

Determine the probability (at least) of hitting the target when launching missiles (rockets), if the probability of one hit or the required number of missiles (rockets) to hit with the required probability is known, if the probability of hitting the target with one missile (projectile) is known.

Literature

1. Guidelines for the combat operation of the launch battery, the transportation and reloading compartment of the tactical missile system. - M.: Military Publishing, 1992.
2. Guidelines for the combat operation of a reactive artillery battery, storage and transportation battery of the 9K58 missile system. - M.: Military Publishing, 2002.
3. Instructions for the combat use of the rocket artillery brigade "Smerch". - M.: Military Publishing, 1996.
4. Guidelines for the combat work of topographic and geodetic units of the rocket troops and artillery of the Ground Forces. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1982.
5. Instructions for work on topographic and geodetic instruments of the rocket troops and artillery of the Ground Forces. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1981.
6. Wentzel E.S. Probability Theory. - M.: Nauka, 1969.
7. Temporary tables for firing 300-mm rockets 9M55K. - M.: Military Publishing, 1987.
8. Collection of tables for calculating geodetic data. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1983.
9. Signal code table.

V. The program of the entrance test to assess the level of physical fitness of candidates

Checking the level of physical fitness of candidates for admission is carried out in accordance with the Manual on Physical Training in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, put into effect by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of 2009 No. 200. By passing the physical fitness exam in accordance with age groups in three exercises:

• pull-ups on the crossbar;
• 100 m run;
• 3 km run (for 1-3 age groups);
• running for 1 km (for the 4th and older age groups).

One attempt is given for each physical exercise. In some cases (in the event of a breakdown, fall, etc.), the inspector may allow the candidate to perform it again. Performance exercise in order to improve the obtained assessment is not allowed.

During the test, physical exercises are performed in the following sequence: speed exercises, strength exercises, endurance exercises. All physical exercises assigned for testing are performed, as a rule, within one day. In some cases, the order of performing physical exercises can be changed.

The physical fitness of military personnel is checked in sportswear.

A candidate who has not completed the assigned exercise at the minimum threshold level and has not scored the minimum allowable number of points in the sum of three exercises is assessed " unsatisfactory».

A candidate who does not arrive without a valid reason or refuses to perform any of the exercises will be assessed " unsatisfactory».

A 100-point scale is used to determine the level of physical fitness of candidates. The transfer of the amount of points scored in physical training to a 100-point scale is carried out in accordance with table 5.

Transfer of physical fitness scores to a 100-point scale

Age groups (age)	Threshold level (minimum points)		Sum of points (∑B) for performing exercises physical training in three exercises (conversion factor to 1 FP point)
	in one exercise	in three exercises	Assessment of the level of physical preparedness of military personnel
				"Good"	"Great"
1 (up to 25 years old)					210 and over (1)
Transfer of accumulated points on a 100-point scale
			15+(∑B-140)*0.8= ∑B*0.8-97	55+(∑B-190)=∑B-135
					190 and over (1)
Transfer of accumulated points on a 100-point scale
			15+(∑B-130)=∑B-115
					170 and over (1)
Transfer of accumulated points on a 100-point scale
			15+(∑B-110)=∑B-95
					160 or more (1)
Transfer of accumulated points on a 100-point scale
			15+(∑B-90)*0.8= ∑B*0.8-57	55+(∑B-140)=∑B-85
					130 and over (1)
Transfer of accumulated points on a 100-point scale
			15+(∑B-80)*2= ∑B*2-145	55+(∑B-100)*0.6= ∑B*0.6-5	75 +(∑B-130)= ∑B-55

Methodology for transferring the amount of points scored in physical training to a 100-point scale

An increase (decrease) in the amount of points for performing physical training exercises, depending on the age group, leads to an equal increase (decrease) in points on a 100-point scale (except for the cases indicated in the table, where 1 point in physical fitness corresponds to a multiple coefficient).

Example:

The first age group, scored 155 points (" satisfactorily”), calculations: 155 points (in physical fitness) times 0.8 (multiple coefficient) minus 97 points equals 27 points (on a 100-point scale).

The second age group, scored 195 points (" Great”), calculations: 195 points (in physical fitness) minus 115 points equals 80 points (on a 100-point scale).