And enemy control points. Therefore, revealing the areas of their location (firing positions) is one of the main tasks of tactical reconnaissance. Tactical reconnaissance is also entrusted with determining the nature and degree of engineering equipment for enemy positions and areas of location of enemy subunits and units, the system of his barriers, and the degree of terrain passability. The most important task facing tactical intelligence has always been the identification of new means armed struggle, techniques and methods of warfare.

Intelligence information is obtained by interviewing local residents, interrogating prisoners and defectors, radio interception, studying documents, equipment and weapons captured from the enemy, ground and air reconnaissance.

Ground tactical intelligence conducted by reconnaissance, motorized rifle, paratrooper and air assault, regimental units. Observers, observation posts, patrol squads (tanks), reconnaissance, combat reconnaissance, individual reconnaissance, officer reconnaissance patrols, reconnaissance detachments, reconnaissance groups, groups for conducting searches, ambushes, units for conducting reconnaissance in force are used.

Intelligence methods

Methods of conducting ground tactical reconnaissance are: observation, eavesdropping, search, raid, ambush, interrogation, reconnaissance in force.
Reconnaissance in combat is an extreme but effective measure in obtaining data on the strength and armament of the enemy. It is carried out by attacking the alleged camouflaged positions of the enemy, who has gone on the defensive, in cases where other means and methods of reconnaissance fail to obtain the necessary data about the enemy and his intentions. In military practice, reconnaissance in combat is most often used if the operational situation requires the speedy advance of troops.

Time for a thorough analysis of the information obtained by tactical intelligence is limited, and they quickly become outdated. At the same time, inaccurate or unreliable information can lead to heavy losses, and even to the defeat of the troops who used them.

In October 1984, full-time reconnaissance platoons were formed in motorized rifle and airborne battalions ...

Machine guns and assault rifles in service with scouts had a version with folding butts and straps for attaching night sights. In the 80s, these were the AKS-74N and RPKS-74N. Regular weapons of commanders branches there was an AKMSN machine gun with a device silent shooting PBS (at the end of the 80s, PBS and subsonic cartridges for the AKS-74N began to enter the troops, which made it possible to switch to a single caliber small arms in the department). Commander reconnaissance platoon He had a PB pistol as an additional service weapon. In addition, the scouts were equipped with night sights, night vision devices, periscopes (reconnaissance tube), mine detectors, climbing equipment, camouflage robes and masks.

The collection of information about the tactical situation necessary to solve the combat missions assigned to the regiment / brigade was engaged in Intelligence Company (RR). RR consisted of two (for a regiment) or three (for a brigade) Reconnaissance Platoons and Company Directorates- consisted of personnel of 50-80 fighters (the number depended on regular cars or armored vehicles).
Starting from level shelf(or separate battalion ) and in all higher formations, there was a full-time position Head of Intelligence- the officer responsible for the collection and analysis of intelligence data.
At the level motorized rifle/tank division collected intelligence data Separate Reconnaissance Battalion (ORB) which was a separate military unit at the Division Headquarters. ORB consisted of the Headquarters, individual platoons at the Headquarters and 4 companies - (RR), (DDR) and 4th Radio Intercept Company (RRP). Fighters 3rd RDR underwent mandatory airborne training. It was supposed in the event of a full-scale war to collect information about the deep rear of the enemy (the original name is Deep Intelligence Company), disembarkation DDR by parachute in parts Military Transport Aviation (BTA) assigned to the division. 4th Radio Intercept Company was intended for constant listening to enemy radio communications, in connection with which officers and soldiers with knowledge of foreign languages ​​were selected for the personnel of the company, depending on the proposed Theater of Military Operations. For example, personnel 4th Radio Intercept Company 781st ORB 108th Motorized Rifle Division participated in the Afghan War, consisted of 80% of conscripts - ethnic Tajiks.
The ORB included separate platoons at the Battalion Headquarters - the Supply Platoon, the Communications Platoon and the Reconnaissance Surveillance Platoon (VRN). The tasks of the VRN were to monitor the enemy on the line of contact of the troops, through powerful optical systems and with the help of portable ground reconnaissance radar stations (for example, product 1RL133 PSNR-5).
1st and 2nd Reconnaissance Company as part of the ORB consisted of two Reconnaissance Platoons and tank platoon. Tank Platoon was intended for fire support during reconnaissance in force and was armed with light amphibious tanks PT-76 (for ORB as part of OKSVA - T-55/62) in the amount of 3 units.

3rd Airborne Reconnaissance Company consisted of two Reconnaissance Platoons and one Special Intelligence Platoon(This platoon was intended to carry out reconnaissance and sabotage activities). In each Reconnaissance Company in service was one multifunctional Combat reconnaissance vehicle BRM-1K, assigned to the company commander.
Regardless of which division ( tank or motorized rifle) belonged to the ORB - its conscripts wore combined arms emblems (on buttonholes and a sleeve chevron). ORB fighters as part of OKSVA wore emblems tank troops. . Fighters 3rd RDR- wore the emblems of the airborne troops on the buttonholes of red (motorized rifle division) or black (tank division) colors.

see also

Notes

Literature

Links

• Website of the 1071th Separate Training Regiment of the Special Forces of the GRU of the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense. Formed as part of a separate company in 1965. in the village of Chuchkovo, Tambov region, relocated in 1969. in the city of Pechory, Pskov region. Disbanded there in 1999.

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See what "Military Intelligence" is in other dictionaries:

Military intelligence- a set of measures taken by the commanders and headquarters of the active troops, and the actions of reconnaissance subunits (units) to obtain information about the enemy, terrain, weather, and the area of ​​upcoming operations. Conducted by reconnaissance ... ... Brief dictionary of operational-tactical and general military terms

Professional look
Part one, introductory

At surprisingly, professionalism in our army today is becoming less and less in demand. This is especially evident in the departments military intelligence, i.e., exactly where it is - a matter of life and death, not only of the intelligence officers themselves, but above all of the units and subunits for which this intelligence is being conducted. The reasons for this state of affairs are many. Here are the low wages of officers, the lack of a normal intelligence training school, the break in the continuity of combat experience, the absolutization of the technical types of military intelligence, and much more. AT recent times Quite a few manuals on military intelligence have been published, but they all suffer from the same shortcomings: the lack of depth and training system. Tolerantly describing the single training of a reconnaissance officer, they do not at all pay attention to the coordination of triplets, groups and larger units, there are also no options for using reconnaissance equipment when performing various kinds of tasks to obtain information, although now technology has reached such a level that it can greatly facilitate the work of intelligence officers . Practically in all army intelligence units there is a communication problem, since the means they have at their disposal do not provide efficiency, secrecy and mobility, although many special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Internal Troops, and the Ministry of Emergency Situations have the most modern communication equipment. Accordingly, the question arises: do they really need it more than the army intelligence units? After all, as the experience of conducting combat operations in Afghanistan, Transnistria, Chechnya shows, the army units bear the main burden of collecting the necessary information.

Exploration is the most important type combat support. AT modern conditions it is a set of measures taken by commanders at all levels, headquarters and troops to obtain and study information about the current or potential enemy and the terrain necessary for the preparation and successful conduct of further actions.
It includes the activities of commanders and headquarters in organizing reconnaissance, the direct actions of reconnaissance forces and means to obtain the necessary information about the enemy and the terrain, as well as the work of headquarters officers in collecting and processing this information, and their report to persons interested in this. In particular, this article is devoted to military intelligence, its place in the military intelligence system.
Military intelligence, depending on the goals, scale of activity and the nature of the tasks performed, is divided into:
1 strategic;
2 operational-tactical;
3 tactical.
Depending on the scope, involved forces and means military intelligence is divided into five types:
1 ground;
2 air;
3 marine;
4 space;
5 special.
On the other hand, tactical intelligence ground forces divided into ground and air. But ground reconnaissance includes: military, radio and radio engineering, radar, chemical and bacteriological.
So we finally got to "our" military intelligence.
Military reconnaissance is conducted by reconnaissance, motorized rifle, regimental, parachute and air assault units.
The methods of conducting military reconnaissance are: observation, eavesdropping, search, raid, ambush, reconnaissance in force.
In combined-arms formations, units and their subdivisions, the following are appointed to conduct military intelligence:
1 - from the division - reconnaissance detachments, reconnaissance patrols, reconnaissance groups, officer reconnaissance patrols, search units, ambush arrangements, combat reconnaissance units, observation posts;
2 - from the regiment - reconnaissance detachments, reconnaissance patrols, officer reconnaissance patrols, search units, ambushes, observation posts;
3 - from the battalion - combat reconnaissance patrols, ambushes, patrol squads, observation posts;
4 - from the company - patrol squads, observers, and sometimes combat reconnaissance patrols;
5 - from a platoon, squads - observers, sentinels.
The direct conduct of military intelligence lies with regular and non-standard reconnaissance subunits and units. If we evaluate their capabilities, it turns out that they will not be able to provide the commanders and headquarters with the appropriate amount of information at the appointed time.

Let's bring the simplest example.
In an airborne division, there are full-time reconnaissance units and subunits for conducting military reconnaissance: these are a separate reconnaissance company of the division, regimental reconnaissance companies, non-standard reconnaissance platoons of airborne battalions.
As a rule, the Airborne Forces lead fighting behind enemy lines, which means that the role of intelligence units is huge. But if we consider the capabilities of reconnaissance units (full-time), then they will not be able to fulfill the scope of the tasks assigned to them. The experience of the exercises and the results of research show that regular reconnaissance forces and means, especially when a division is performing an immediate task, are not enough. The division's landing area according to the most minimal variant (with 3-4 landing sites) can occupy an area of ​​25-30 km2 with a perimeter of 75-90 km. With the removal of reconnaissance units from the landing sites up to 10 km, the perimeter of the reconnaissance area increases to 120-150 km. A division can allocate a maximum of 12 RDs from regular reconnaissance units, and taking into account non-standard battalion reconnaissance platoons (9), this will total 21 reconnaissance units (RD-12, RD-9). It is known that a taxiway or airborne reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance (reconnaissance) reconnaissance reconnaissance reconnaissance of the platoon can view a strip up to 2 km wide in medium rugged semi-open terrain. Thus, the military bodies, even fully involved, will be able to view no more than 40-50 km, that is, one third. This circumstance makes it necessary to attract additional forces from the paratrooper units. Consider non-standard reconnaissance platoons of battalions. Can they even be considered scouts?
In the RAP training program, seven hours are allotted for reconnaissance training during the run-in of young replenishment (topics such as "Organization, armament and tactics of the potential enemy unit", "Reconnaissance signs of the enemy's location on the ground and preparing him for combat operations) and eight hours are allotted in tactical training course for practicing the topics “Platoon in reconnaissance”, “Platoon in combat mobile security”. Plus, two-week field training sessions are held with non-standard reconnaissance platoons of the battalions under the leadership of the head of reconnaissance of the unit.
Is this really enough to prepare scouts from ordinary soldiers? Especially in modern conditions, when officers do not differ in deep knowledge and methodological skill. It is worth adding that not all intelligence units are fully staffed, contrary to the order of the commander of the Airborne Forces.

Sergeants

About the officer in the intelligence unit - this is the king and god, at least it should be so. And the sergeant is his lieutenant. It is the sergeants who should carry out the entire basic training scout soldiers. However, such a situation in parts today exists only in words. In practice, there is not a single educational institution left in the country where intelligence specialists - junior commanders - would be trained. As a rule, they are trained directly in the units, choosing from the most trained soldiers. The effectiveness of such training is extremely low, since there is almost no time for it, and the professional level of modern intelligence officers is low.
The prerequisites for a return to the normal state of affairs have been destroyed - sergeants have been equalized with ordinary soldiers both in terms of rights and in terms of pay, but this is fundamentally not true. Any officer who served in intelligence at least 10-15 years ago can say with confidence that in his time, sergeants independently conducted training with personnel and were head and shoulders above the real ones in their training.

Selection and acquisition

“R ost is above 190, a fist is like a beer mug - in intelligence!” - Approximately this is how scouts are selected today from among the young replenishment. Of course, physical state a soldier is not the last question in the selection, but not the first. First of all, you need to determine the level of his thinking, observation, memory, volitional qualities. A scout is a generalist warrior, but above all an observer.
Now a conscript contingent that is very weak in all respects is entering the army, all the more so that careful selection for reconnaissance is necessary, because the level of tasks is only increasing.
An important issue is the recruitment of squads, platoons, which must be taken very seriously. In ancient times, units could be completed by height, hair color, nose shape, nationality, etc. Now the main principle is the psychological compatibility of servicemen. What can be expected from, for example, a combat deuce, consisting of soldiers who are completely unsuitable for each other either in temperament or intellect?
It is necessary to make even greater demands on the staffing of reconnaissance units with officers and ensigns than on soldiers. First of all, it is unacceptable for an officer or ensign to get into an intelligence unit without at least a year of service in an officer position. He should get into reconnaissance, having already revealed himself to a certain extent as a commander. If, on the contrary, an officer enters the unit immediately after graduation, he begins to retrain, and this greatly affects his subordinates in the course of combat training.
Properly carried out measures for recruiting reconnaissance units will greatly help at the stage of coordination in the combat training system.

Training

As noted above, there is a sufficient amount of literature on single and special training scout. At the stage of separate training, it is advisable to assign a certain officer to each specialty who would be responsible for it during this period, that is, create training groups in specialties where the above-mentioned officers would be leaders (there is no requirement for officers to master all specialties).
At the end of the stage of separate training, training on the interchangeability of personnel is needed. The joint period of training should be based on the issues of combat coordination of combat “twos”, “triples”; groups, departments; platoons and mouths. At the same time, be guided by the principles "from simple to complex" and "minimum conventions, maximum combat situation."
At this stage, the main role is played by the commander of the reconnaissance unit. Here he, as an artist, must realize his "vision" of combat training. First of all, it is necessary to achieve such a relationship between the trainees so that they feel each other not only with their fingertips, but also subconsciously, understand at a glance, speak sign language, facial expressions, and certain signals. This is where the intra-collective climate and psychological compatibility play a role.
The necessary feelings of comradeship, teamwork, and personal responsibility cannot be achieved without the most serious trials for scouts, and the harder the trials, the closer the relationship will be in the team. Although it is forbidden, in some cases even punishments must be collective. There is a huge field for the activity of the deputy. commander for educational work, part psychologist, if any. Characteristic of this period are constant test sessions in the form of competitions for the best “two”, “troika”, etc.
Well, the crown of this, of course, is tactical exercises, which should be a real indicator of the level of combat training of any unit.

Application

An extremely important role in organizing the process of combat training and reconnaissance as a whole is played by the combined arms commander, who must deeply understand the essence of modern combat and, accordingly, the place of military intelligence in it. It is this commander who will have to set tasks for scouts in a real battle, and if this is a limited, not creative person, then it's a disaster. The experience of wars in Afghanistan, Transnistria, Chechnya shows that the creativity of a combined arms commander is only enough to invent a “fresh task” for intelligence units, such as guarding the headquarters, escorting a column with a mat. means or using them as simple combined arms units. Such commanders who misuse scouts must be punished severely. This is the “fifth column” within the army, with their ignorance they cause more harm than the enemy. On the contrary, the competent use of reconnaissance units often allows many times over to reduce their own losses and achieve success with fewer means.

For a good intelligence officer, his specialty becomes both a hobby and a lifestyle. I repeatedly observe how intelligence officers, no matter what - salary delays, problems with housing, work without days off, do their job as they should. It's just that they, like professionals, do not know how to work badly. With these officers, I am ready to serve anywhere the globe. The essence of our service depends on ourselves, how we set it up and plan for ourselves, so it will be held.

Textbook for the survival of military scouts [Combat experience] Ardashev Alexey Nikolaevich

Fundamentals of military intelligence

Fundamentals of military intelligence

Military intelligence is a set of measures taken by the military command of all levels to obtain and study information about an active or potential enemy, as well as terrain and weather. Tactical reconnaissance is carried out in the interests of the successful conduct of combat by the forces and means of subunits, units and formations. It is divided into military, artillery, radar, radio and radio engineering, engineering, chemical and air. Military intelligence includes the organization of intelligence, its conduct and information work.

Troop intelligence must establish the location and nature of the enemy's actions, his strength and composition, the numbering of units and subunits, their combat effectiveness and intentions. This task is permanent and is typical for all types of combat operations. Without its solution, not only the successful conduct of the battle is impossible, but also its organization and planning. Commanders of all levels are primarily interested in where the enemy is, what are his strengths and what he is doing, what and where his strengths and weak spots what are his plans for the upcoming hostilities. The primary task of military intelligence is to identify means mass destruction and precision weapons enemy. Its main efforts are directed to the solution of this problem. For successful combat, it is important to know where field artillery, tanks, anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons, machine gun firing positions, observation posts and enemy control posts are located. Therefore, revealing the areas of their location (firing positions) is also one of the tasks of military intelligence. Recently, in the conduct of hostilities, electronic warfare means have become widely used. Proceeding from this, such a task of military intelligence arose as the identification of areas (positions) of deployment electronic warfare enemy. Of no small importance is such a task of military reconnaissance as determining the nature and degree of engineering equipment for enemy positions and areas of location of enemy subunits and units, the system of his obstacles, and the degree of terrain passability. The need to solve this problem stems from the desire of commanders and staffs to most effectively use their weapons, to use weak sides engineering support the enemy, to minimize possible losses from the applied engineering barriers.

The most important task facing military intelligence has always been and remains the task of identifying new means of armed struggle, methods and methods of conducting combat operations. This task is particularly relevant at the present time, when the very nature combined arms combat eliminates stereotypes in its conduct, necessitates continuous improvement of methods combat use technology and weapons. The listed tasks are the main ones, in each individual case they will be specified by the commander and headquarters, depending on the prevailing situation, the nature of the combat mission of the subunit (unit, formation), enemy actions, the nature of the terrain, etc. During the battle, other tasks may arise, completely new, the implementation of which will require the allocation of additional reconnaissance forces and means, the transfer of its main efforts from one direction to another.

Intelligence information is understood to mean all information that characterizes to any extent an active or potential enemy, as well as the terrain and weather in the area of ​​forthcoming operations. Meaningful information based on the collected, evaluated and correctly interpreted facts, presented in a certain order and giving a clear idea on a particular issue, constitutes intelligence data. Both of these terms are called intelligence information. The frequently encountered expression “reconnaissance forces and means” should be understood as follows: forces are subunits, including personnel, and means are Combat vehicles, instruments, equipment, i.e., everything with which personnel perform reconnaissance tasks. For the direct conduct of military reconnaissance, reconnaissance, tank, motorized rifle, paratrooper and air assault units are created reconnaissance bodies. An intelligence body is a regular or temporarily created unit (group) with the necessary means, designed to perform certain intelligence tasks.

The reconnaissance bodies of military reconnaissance include observers, observation posts, patrol squads (tanks), reconnaissance, combat reconnaissance, separate reconnaissance, officer reconnaissance patrols, reconnaissance detachments, reconnaissance groups, groups for conducting searches, ambushes, subunits for conducting reconnaissance in force. Observers are military personnel who perform combat mission for conducting reconnaissance by observation in a given sector or for a specific specified object (a piece of terrain, a local object). Observers are assigned one per platoon, squad, and one or two in each company. They are located secretly and are provided with surveillance devices, means of communication, and seasonal uniforms. The commander of the subunit from which he is appointed sets the combat mission for the observer. An observation post is a group of military personnel assigned for observation with personal weapons, surveillance devices, necessary documents and means of communication. It is designed to conduct reconnaissance of the enemy in the specified sector (band). For reconnaissance at night and in conditions limited visibility a radar station for reconnaissance of ground moving targets can be deployed on the OP. Observation posts are assigned in defense and in preparation for an offensive. They are located, as a rule, at the forefront in the combat formations of subunits or on the flanks. An observation post (OP) consists of 2-3 observers, one of which is appointed as a senior. The task for the senior observer is set by the chief of intelligence or the chief of staff of the unit (subunit) and is recorded in the observation log.

A patrol squad (tank) is sent out from subunits (organs) conducting reconnaissance and subunits performing combat missions in isolation from their main forces for the timely detection of the enemy and reconnaissance of the area. It operates at a distance that provides observation of it and fire support. The patrol squad performs its task by observation, moving on a standard combat vehicle, other vehicles as well as on foot. For a direct inspection of the area and individual local items, sentinels are sent out on foot from the sentinel squad. A reconnaissance patrol (RD), up to a platoon, is sent from the reconnaissance detachment. It performs tasks by surveillance, eavesdropping, and ambushes. For reconnaissance of the enemy and the terrain, patrol squads (tanks) or foot patrols are sent from the RD. The Combat Reconnaissance Patrol (BRD), up to a platoon, is sent out during the course of the battle and in the absence of direct contact with the enemy from combined arms battalions (companies). It is designed to identify fire weapons, ambushes, enemy obstacles and reconnaissance of the area in front of the front and on the flanks of your unit. The BRD performs tasks by observation, ambushes and combat. He carries out an inspection of the area with the whole composition or allocates a sentinel squad (tank) for this. A separate reconnaissance patrol (ORD) is sent to conduct reconnaissance in all types of combat and on the march. He is assigned to a reinforced platoon. In the course of carrying out the task, the independent reconnaissance patrol conducts reconnaissance by observation, ambushes and raids. For direct guarding and inspection of the area in the direction of reconnaissance, and, if necessary, also to the side of the route of movement, the reconnaissance patrol sends patrol squads (tanks) or foot patrols. An officer reconnaissance patrol (OfRD) is sent by the commander of a formation (unit) to clarify the most important information. Depending on the assigned task, it may include one or two officers with the necessary forces and means of reconnaissance and communications. OFRD moves on an infantry fighting vehicle, a tank, a helicopter and other vehicles.

The reconnaissance detachment (RO) is sent to conduct reconnaissance in the most important direction. He is usually appointed as part of a company. Sometimes a motorized rifle or tank battalion can be assigned to a reconnaissance detachment. To conduct reconnaissance, reconnaissance patrols and patrol squads (tanks) are sent from the reconnaissance detachment. The RO performs its tasks by observation, ambushes, raids, and, if necessary, by combat. The reconnaissance group (RG) is created from specially trained personnel of the reconnaissance unit of military intelligence, as a rule, as part of a squad. The reconnaissance group is designed to operate behind enemy lines to open objects of nuclear and chemical attack, high-precision weapons, command posts, reserves, airfields and other objects. During the day, she can scout 1-2 objects or an area up to 100 square meters. km. The RG is sent behind enemy lines by helicopters (airplanes) with landing by parachute or landing method, on combat vehicles and other vehicles, on foot, and in coastal areas - by means of the fleet. The main method of conducting reconnaissance by a reconnaissance group is observation.

A search group may be assigned as part of a reconnaissance, motorized rifle, airborne and airborne assault platoon, which is reinforced by sappers with the means engineering intelligence and demining. The actions of the group, if necessary, are supported by the fire of tanks, artillery and other fire weapons. From the composition of the group, subgroups of capture, barrage and fire support are assigned to conduct the search. A group for setting up an ambush with a force up to a platoon is used in all types of combat, on any terrain, in various meteorological conditions and at any time of the day. It can operate in the depths of the enemy's position, on his front line, in front of the front line and in the disposition of our troops. To conduct an ambush, observers, subgroups of capture and fire support are assigned from the group. When operating as part of reconnaissance bodies behind enemy lines, a squad during a raid can be assigned to subgroups for the destruction (removal) of enemy guards, attacks or fire support, as well as perform a combat mission in relation to the offensive. A subunit for conducting reconnaissance in combat is assigned from a formation as part of a reinforced motorized rifle or tank battalion (company). Separate reconnaissance patrols, reconnaissance artillerymen and reconnaissance sappers can operate in its combat formations to capture prisoners, documents, weapons and equipment.

The reconnaissance squad (BRM-1k crew), when performing independent combat missions, can act as a patrol squad and conduct reconnaissance at an observation post. The reconnaissance squad can set up ambushes. In the course of reconnaissance in combat, it usually forms a group to capture prisoners, documents, weapons and equipment. When conducting a search, the squad acts as one of the groups of the platoon (capture, support or clearing). A reconnaissance platoon can act in a reconnaissance (separate reconnaissance) patrol, conduct searches, raids, and set up ambushes.