Veshalovka estate (veshelovka), Lipetsk region, Lipetsk district. Znamenskoye estate, Lipetsk region Veshalovka temple of the sign

The previous two photographs were taken by G.I. Gunkin, a recognized master of artistic photography of historical and cultural monuments, whose photographs of cultural heritage sites of the Lipetsk region in the 1960s-1970s. have already become historical documents and are used in the development of projects for the restoration of these architectural monuments.

Georgy Ivanovich Gunkin was born on June 30, 1911 in the village. Podgornoye, Lipetsk district, Tambov province, in a peasant family. In 1931, on the advice of Academician I.P. Mashkov (his countryman) entered the Moscow Institute of Architecture, after which, with a degree in architecture, in 1939 he was sent to the Shlisselburg station in the Leningrad Region, where he began his career. During the Second World War he worked in his specialty, in 1943 he was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army, but for health reasons he was demobilized a year later.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War in 1945, Georgy Ivanovich Gunkin joined the Committee for Architecture under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a year later - at the Institute of Art History of the USSR Academy of Sciences as a junior researcher. There he became seriously interested in studying the work of the architect V.I. Bazhenov, including on Lipetsk land, having found a like-minded person in the person of the director of the Institute of Art History of the USSR Academy of Sciences I.E. Grabar. Imi in 1951 in collaboration with T.P. The fundamental work “Unknown and alleged buildings of V.I. Bazhenov”, on the pages of which an article by G.I. Gunkin "On the Church of the Sign of the Mother of God in the village of Veshalovka, Lipetsk region." The study of the estate and the church in the village. Veshalovka Georgy Ivanovich devoted many years of his life to attributing the Church of the Sign as one of the most striking buildings of the great architect in the Russian provinces. After the publication of this book, G.I. Gunkin identified and examined other Bazhenov's creations supposed by him on the Lipetsk land. Passion for the work of the architect did not leave Georgy Ivanovich all his life.

In 1947 G.I. Gunkin met the famous architect and restorer P.D. Baranovsky. In 1961, he joined the Scientific and Methodological Council for the Protection of Cultural Monuments under the Ministry of Culture of the USSR. There, together with Baranovsky and Makovetsky, he was engaged in the restoration of architectural monuments. In the 1960s he personally carried out research and measurements of architectural monuments of the Ryazan region, as well as continued identification and examination of architectural monuments of the Lipetsk region. In addition, Georgy Ivanovich participated in expeditions of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences to explore the ancient cities of Apollonia in Albania, Panticapaeum (Kerch) and Phanagoria.

Since 1966, Georgy Ivanovich worked at the Moscow Institute of Architecture as the head of the student design bureau, concurrently taught at the departments of introduction to architectural design and architectural restoration. An excellently erudite restorer, he could answer any question and skillfully solve a difficult problem. “A real walking encyclopedia,” colleagues said about him. Continuing to teach at the Moscow Institute of Architecture, in 1967 Georgy Ivanovich was appointed to the position of head of the institute's library. And in 1972 he was transferred to the NIS as a senior researcher, but did not leave teaching. From 1973 until his retirement, Gunkin worked as the chief restorer, and later as the chief consultant of the Academy of Arts, continued to study the unknown buildings of V.I. Bazhenov, including on Lipetsk land, fought for the speedy restoration of the Tsaritsyno palace and park ensemble.

Working for many years in Moscow, Georgy Ivanovich every summer came to his homeland in the Lipetsk region, where he carried out surveys, measurements and photo fixation of historical and architectural monuments of his native land. In 1983, he retired for health reasons, but continued to do what he loved to the best of his ability - the study of architectural monuments. His materials became a good help in the subsequent study and restoration of architectural monuments of the Lipetsk region. In addition, G.I. Gunkin made a great contribution to the organization of the state protection of historical and cultural monuments of the Lipetsk region, identifying hundreds of historical buildings and structures of the region with registration cards and passports for these monuments. His work in this area has not lost its significance at the present time.

The works of G.I. Gunkin published in the "History of Russian Art" (volume VI, together with I.E. Grabar), in a collection of articles on the work of V.I. Bazhenov in the "Yearbook" of the Institute of Art History. In addition, he completed illustrations in the first six volumes of the History of Russian Art, in the third volume of the General History of Arts (author M.V. Alpatov), ​​in the book Ryazan (author M.A. Ilyin) and other publications.

Coordinates: N 52° 45.240" ; E 39° 17.220"

Address: Lipetsk region, Lebedyansky district, s. hanger

Veshalovka was formed as a result of the merger of two villages - Veshelovka (later changed to Veshalovka) and Znamensky. The name presumably came from the word "spring". The village is located on the dry river Dry Lubna, into which spring waters flow in spring. There is an assumption that not far from Veshalovka, robbers abducted people who turned off the Lebedyanskoye Highway, robbed and hanged them.

The warm stone church of the Icon of the Sign of the Mother of God was founded in 1768 by the owner of the manor of the guard, captain Yakov Afanasyevich Tatishchev. The church was built and consecrated in 1794. According to the church, the village at that time was called Znamenskoye. The author of the project of the church was presumably the then young architect Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov (1737-1799). However, there is no documentary evidence for this hypothesis. A number of researchers also say that there are many Masonic signs and symbols in the architecture of the temple, however, during the designated period of work on the project of this church, Bazhenov did not seem to be a member of the Masonic lodge in Russia yet. In general, it is not clear.

The temple was built in the style forms of Russian pseudo-Gothic. A feature of this stylistic direction was the combination of planning and volume-spatial principles of classicism with the use of freely interpreted forms of ancient Russian architecture and individual motifs of European Gothic. Peaked tetrahedral tents and spiers, lancet arches and windows coexist with Russian five-domed and classical pilasters. The temple part is square in plan, with risalits flanking the northern and southern facades, completed with angular pointed cupolas made of brick, covered with a box dome with dormer windows on the four cardinal points. The rich carved white stone decor gives special elegance and expressiveness to red brick facades.

The four-tiered bell tower, the top three tiers of which are round in plan, has balconies along the upper perimeter of the first and third tiers. The architectural solution of the bell tower echoes the stylistic searches of European architects, carried out in the direction of historicism in line with the pre-romantic tradition of the last third of the 18th century.

A narrow small octagonal light drum with a high brick spire crowns the temple itself. The rectangular apse is decorated on three sides of the world with triangular pediments and a high red-brick spire in the center.

It's no secret that in the churches of the Russian Orthodox Church it is rather problematic to obtain permission (blessing) to shoot. In the "Gothic" Church of the Sign, the opposite is true. Donate as much as you don't mind for the temple and take pictures for your health.

After the revolution, the temple fell into disrepair, and in 1987-1988 the first restoration work began.

In 1999-2003, a large amount of repair and restoration work was carried out on the facades of the monument under the supervision of architect N.N. Smirnov and the State Directorate for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage of the Lipetsk Region. In the photo, modern brick is clearly visible - it is more red.

The interiors of the temple were prepared for painting and the landscaping of the territory began

The refectory is already booked.

Refectory ceiling.

The last priest of the Znamenskaya Church was Proskurin Ivan Ivanovich, born in 1900, a native of the village. Kazinka Zadonsky district. By the decree of the NKVD troika for the Voronezh region of October 28, 1937, under Art. 58-10-1, 58-10-2 sentenced to 10 years in prison. He was rehabilitated by the determination of the Lipetsk Regional Prosecutor's Office of 04/18/1989. Currently, the rector of the temple is Priest Andrei Vladimirovich Predein.

Once the house of the church clergy (for example, in 1893 the staff of the church consisted of a priest, a deacon and a psalmist), now the dwelling of the rector.

Previously, the bell tower was separate from the temple, and only later they were connected by a passage, so the Church of the Sign does not have a traditional entrance from the west, through the bell tower. The entrances to the church are located from the north and from the south of the constructed passage between the bell tower and the refectory. A narrow spiral staircase with worn steps leads to the top.

Windows "rumors" in the tent of the bell tower.

The manor house of the Tatishchevs looked more modest than the church, it was one-story, made of wood and thatched. Which, of course, is surprising, given such a luxurious temple. Nearby there were two wooden outbuildings for servants and working people, several wooden barns for storing grain, a barnyard and a stable. A dam was built in a ravine nearby, on which stood a flour mill that worked only in hollow water. In front of the house, on the north side, there was a small garden. In 1804, the Tatishchevs sold the estate to artillery captain Ivan Iosifovich Kozhin. After the death of Ivan Iosifovich, his estates were divided into ten parts. Znamenskoye went to Mikhail Ivanovich Kozhin.

Later, he will become the leader of the county nobility in Lipetsk, as well as the director-shareholder of the Lipetsk Mineral Waters society, the owner of a large block of shares in this society. M.I. Kozhin, when dividing his father's estates, will also receive a large amount of money as compensation. With this money, he will begin a grandiose reconstruction of the Znamenskoye estate in the mid-1860s. Two two-story volumes were added to the one-story house, which he overlaid with brick, so that a building was formed in the form of the letter "P". It was over 60 meters long and 40 meters wide. There were more than 100 rooms in the whole house. The house stood on the bank of a large pond, wide steps went up to it in several flights. The architecture of the house was designed in the same manner as the church built earlier. Spiers and turrets rose above the roofs of the new buildings, reminiscent of those on the Church of the Sign. The facade of the old building was decorated with a risalit, which gave the whole house a single look. On the north side of the house, opposite the main entrance, there was a huge French park, 1200 meters long and 400 meters wide. In front of the main entrance to the house, in the form of a large semicircle, there was a parterre planted with lilac and acacia, inside which there were flower beds and flower beds on both sides of the entrance road. Along the perimeter of the entire parterre there was an openwork fence made of red brick. Further, to the north, behind the clumps of berries, there were greenhouses, where even in winter, trees and flowers outlandish for our region grew. In the depths of the park, a series of small planting ponds were dug. Alleys of pines, lindens and oaks intersected with alleys of shrubs - hawthorn, lilac, honeysuckle, acacia. Roads lined with trees and shrubs were laid across the estate, they led to Lipetsk, Lebedyan, Veshelovka and Kuzminka. Passage to the peasants of these villages through the estate was prohibited. From the south, there was a cascade of ponds, where a seal, outlandish for these places, swam. 300 meters to the east of the manor house, behind the pond, a large orchard was planted, which consisted of five curtains. The garden was 690 meters long and 550 meters wide. Outbuildings and services were located behind the orchard: a stable, a barnyard, poultry houses, a "milk house" where milk was processed. All buildings were brick and had a solid appearance. Not far from them, red brick houses were built on the bank of the pond for the workers and staff of the estate. Barns and warehouses were also located here. The size of the warehouses is evidenced by the fact that a horse with a cart drove onto the roof of the warehouse, and grain or other agricultural products fell from the cart through the opening directly into the warehouse. Next to the main entrance to the house there was a large four-story observation tower, reminiscent of the tower of a medieval castle: people climbed here to admire the beautiful panorama.

There is in the Lipetsk region, in the village of Veshalovka, a unique religious building - the notorious Znamenskaya Church in the "Gothic" style. Therefore, being in those parts, we could not ignore such an amazing architectural monument. Moreover, the church was built back in the 18th century on the estate and at the expense of a representative of the old noble family of the Tatishchevs. In this post, we will examine the temple in detail from all sides, and at the same time we will get acquainted with the fate of the estate, from which only a high "medieval" tower has survived to this day, looking up all alone.

I will start my story right away with the main attraction and dominant of this place - the Znamenskaya Church. It is very unusual to meet such vivid examples of European architecture in our open spaces. This temple was built in the style forms of Russian pseudo-Gothic. It should be noted that the rich carved white stone decor gives a special elegance and expressiveness to the red brick facades.


A little about the history of the church: since 1787, the owner of these lands was the guard captain Yakov Afanasyevich Tatishchev. In those years, the entire estate ensemble consisted of a wooden main house and a small garden in front of it. However, in 1768, at his own expense, Yakov Afanasyevich laid the stone church of the Icon of the Mother of God of the Sign. The author of the project is believed to have been the famous Russian architect V.I. Bazhenov. Although there is no direct evidence for this. The church was built for quite a long time - it is called 1784, but 1794 is considered to be the final date.

The upper tier ends with a hipped crown with dormer windows.

The bell tower is surrounded by several tiers of white stone decor.

How elegant the facade of the temple looks.
The whole church is decorated with white stone: cornices are decorated with it, spiers and turrets are lined.

The sky above the temple is pierced by high slender spiers with crosses.

Lucarnes with lanceolate windows are made in the dome on four sides.


The old doors have been preserved. Most likely wooden sheathed with iron.

We must pay tribute to the Soviet restorers, who in 1987 began to restore this church.


Here is such a most interesting temple we visited in the Lipetsk region. Although, earlier these lands belonged to the Tambov province, and only after 1917 the villages of Znamenskoye and Veshelovka were united and received the name Veshalovka.


Twenty meters from the Church of the Sign, the ruins of a chapel have been preserved - the family burial vault of the subsequent owners of the estate - Messrs. Kozhins. It is with them that the further unenviable fate of the estate is connected.


Unenviable because of the once luxurious main house, only this "medieval" tower has survived.


For a short time, the village of Znamenskoye was in the possession of the Tatishchevs: in 1804 they sold the Znamenskoye estate to artillery captain I.I. Kozhin. After his death, the estate will go to Mikhail Ivanovich Kozhin, who takes over in 1828. Later, he would become marshal of the district nobility in Lipetsk, as well as a director-shareholder of the Lipetsk Mineral Waters Society. M.I. Kozhin, when dividing his father's estates, will get a large amount of money. With this money, in the mid-1860s, he will begin a grandiose reconstruction of the Znamenskoye estate. The architecture of the new house was designed in the same manner as the church built earlier.


Next to the main entrance to the house there was a large four-story observation tower, reminiscent of the tower of a medieval castle: people climbed here to admire the beautiful panorama.

However, in the 1920s the estate ceased to exist. The main house burned down and was demolished.


There is another famous attraction in the Lipetsk region - the temple of Dmitry Solunsky in the village of Berezovka.

But about it and other interesting things will be discussed in the following reports.

The Lipetsk region is a subject within the Russian Federation. The regional center is the city of Lipetsk. It was formed on January 6, 1954 from the adjacent regions of the Ryazan, Voronezh, Kursk and Oryol regions. Area - 24,047 km². According to this indicator, the region ranks 72nd in Russia and the last among the five regions of the Central Black Earth Economic Region. The Lipetsk region borders on the Kursk, Oryol, Tula, Ryazan, Tambov and Voronezh regions. Population - 1 150 201 people. (2018) - 3rd place in the Central Black Earth economic region and 45th in Russia. Population density - 47.83 people / km². In November 2017, at the sixth St. Petersburg Cultural Forum, the Lipetsk Region was marked by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation as a region that is dynamically developing in the field of culture. You can find a lot of useful information here prostroimmagnetite

Landmarks and architecture

In the Dankovsky district of the Lipetsk region in the Polibino estate there is a unique architectural structure - the world's first hyperboloid structure, an openwork steel mesh tower of amazing beauty. The first hyperboloid tower was built and patented by the engineer and scientist Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov. This Shukhov Tower was built and presented at the All-Russian Industrial Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod on June 9, 1896. The world's first hyperboloid tower was bought by the philanthropist Yu. S. Nechaev-Maltsov and installed in Polibino. Hyperboloid structures were subsequently built by many great architects: Gaudi, Le Corbusier, Oscar Niemeyer. Similar mesh shell towers were built in the 21st century in China (610 meters high), the United Arab Emirates, Spain, Hungary, Great Britain, the Czech Republic, Norway and other countries.

The only planetarium in the Lipetsk region is located in Dankovo.

Palace of the Nechaevs, late 18th century, architect V.I. Bazhenov. Numerous monuments of ecclesiastical and secular architecture are located in Yelets, including the Ascension Cathedral (1889; Designed by the famous architect K. A. Ton, author of the Moscow Station in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Station in Moscow, as well as the Cathedral of Christ the Savior). The life of I. A. Bunin, M. M. Prishvin, T. N. Khrennikov, N. N. Zhukov and others is closely connected with Yelets.

There are also significant monuments of church architecture and history in Zadonsk, including three functioning monasteries.

In the Polibino estate there is a classical palace of the 18th century, built according to the project of the architect V.I. Bazhenov in the Empire style at the end of the 18th century, and a vast park descending from the palace to the banks of the Don. This estate was the family estate of Yuri Stepanovich Nechaev-Maltsov, the great philanthropist of Russia, who donated more than a billion dollars (in today's exchange rate) for the construction and exhibits of the Museum of Fine Arts (now the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts) in Moscow (in terms of modern exchange rates) [source not specified 2415 days]. Before the revolution, L.N. Tolstoy, I.E. Repin, I.K. Aivazovsky, K.A. Korovin, V.D. Polenov, V.V. Vasnetsov, I. V. Tsvetaev, A. N. Benois, Olga Knipper-Chekhova, Anna Akhmatova.

The Meshchersky Arboretum is located in the Stanovlyansky District - the largest forest-steppe experimental breeding station (LOSS) in Russia with a collection of introduced flora from the northern regions of Europe, Asia and North America.

In the village of Borki, Terbunsky district, there is the Borki Manor, also called the Borkovsky Castle. This is the only architectural monument in the region in the English Gothic style, it is an architectural monument of the last quarter of the 19th century. At the beginning of the century, the estate belonged to the cousin of Emperor Nicholas II, Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich Romanov.

There are two triumphal arches in Usman in honor of the war of 1941-1945 and the victory over the German fascists. [source not specified 1721 days] The memorial museum of P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky was created on the territory of the Chaplyginsky district of the Lipetsk region in the Ryazanka estate.

Church of the Sign in the Veshalovka estate October 31st, 2013

There is in the Lipetsk region, in the village of Veshalovka, a unique religious building - the notorious Znamenskaya Church in the "Gothic" style.
Therefore, being in those parts, we could not ignore such an amazing architectural monument. Moreover, the church was built back in the 18th century on the estate and at the expense of a representative of the old noble family of the Tatishchevs. In this post, we will examine the temple in detail from all sides, and at the same time we will get acquainted with the fate of the estate, from which only a high "medieval" tower has survived to this day, looking up all alone.

I will start my story right away with the main attraction and dominant of this place - the Znamenskaya Church. It is very unusual to meet such vivid examples of European architecture in our open spaces. This temple was built in the style forms of Russian pseudo-Gothic. It should be noted that the rich carved white stone decor gives a special elegance and expressiveness to the red brick facades.

A little about the history of the church: since 1787, the owner of these lands was the guard captain Yakov Afanasyevich Tatishchev. In those years, the entire estate ensemble consisted of a wooden main house and a small garden in front of it. However, in 1768, at his own expense, Yakov Afanasyevich laid the stone church of the Icon of the Mother of God of the Sign. The author of the project is believed to have been the famous Russian architect V.I. Bazhenov. Although there is no direct evidence for this. The church was built for quite a long time - it is called 1784, but 1794 is considered to be the final date.
Initially, the bell tower was a hotel and therefore does not have a traditional entrance from the west.

The upper tier ends with a tent crown with dormer windows.

The bell tower is surrounded by several tiers of white stone decor.

How elegant the facade of the temple looks.
The whole church is decorated with white stone: cornices are decorated with it, spiers and turrets are lined.

The sky above the temple is pierced by high slender spiers with crosses.

Lucarnes with lanceolate windows are made in the dome on four sides.

Fragment: a lucarne with a lanceolate window and a six-pointed star.

The old doors have been preserved. Most likely wooden sheathed with iron.

We must pay tribute to the Soviet restorers, who in 1987 began to restore this church.

The rectangular apse is decorated on three sides of the world with triangular pediments and a high red-brick spire in the center.

Here is such a most interesting temple we visited in the Lipetsk region. Although, earlier these lands belonged to the Tambov province, and only after 1917 the villages of Znamenskoye and Veshelovka were united and received the name Veshalovka.

Everywhere they write that the church has no analogues. However, it is not. We will move hundreds of kilometers to the Moscow region, to the Klinsky district, to the village of Podzhigorodovo. And what do we see? A temple similar in terms of volume and planning! The same bell tower, the volume of the temple, lucarnes with lance-shaped windows. The only difference is that here the temple is devoid of the rich neo-Gothic decor that is present in Veshalovka.

The picture emerges as we learn the history of this place. The estate in Podzhigorodovo began to be built in the 1770s by the brothers A.M. and P.M. Yurievs. The Arkhangelsk church in their name was erected in 1778-1783, i.e. in the same years as Znamenskaya. Where does such a similarity come from? It turns out that just a few versts from this estate was the oldest patrimony of the Tatishchevs - the estate "Nikolskoye, Sverchkovo, too." For a long time I had to understand the initials of the Tatishchevs, because the Internet is replete with conflicting information. And now the thread is untangled! In those years, the Nikolskoye estate was owned by Alexei Danilovich Tatishchev, the younger brother of Afanasy Danilovich, father of Yakov Tatishchev, the organizer of the Church of the Sign in Veshalovka. I think that such proximity and similarity of churches is not without reason. In his own village, A.D. Tatishva, even earlier (1738-1758), its own St. Nicholas Church was built. Here is such an interesting fact!

Let's move back to the Lipetsk region, to the village of Veshalovka, where, twenty meters from the Church of the Sign, the ruins of the chapel, the family burial vault of the subsequent owners of the estate, the Kozhins, have been preserved. It is with them that the further unenviable fate of the estate is connected.

Unenviable because of the once luxurious main house, only this "medieval" tower has survived.

For a short time, the village of Znamenskoye was in the possession of the Tatishchevs: in 1804 they sold the Znamenskoye estate to artillery captain I.I. Kozhin. After his death, the estate will go to Mikhail Ivanovich Kozhin, who takes over in 1828. Later, he would become marshal of the district nobility in Lipetsk, as well as a director-shareholder of the Lipetsk Mineral Waters Society. M.I. Kozhin, when dividing his father's estates, will get a large amount of money. With this money, in the mid-1860s, he will begin a grandiose reconstruction of the Znamenskoye estate. The architecture of the new house was designed in the same manner as the church built earlier.

Next to the main entrance to the house there was a large four-story observation tower, reminiscent of the tower of a medieval castle: people climbed here to admire the beautiful panorama.

However, in the 1920s the estate ceased to exist. The main house burned down and was demolished.

The only one who survived for some reason was a witness to the Kozhin estate ensemble.

There is another famous attraction in the Lipetsk region - the temple of Dmitry Solunsky in the village of Berezovka.

But about it and other interesting things will be discussed in the following reports.