The forests of the middle zone evaporate the most moisture. Coniferous and deciduous forests. Human economic activity

Reserve Yugansky

Federal State Institution "State Nature Reserve "Yugansky"

Section 1. General Information

1.1. Name of specially protected natural area

Federal State Institution "State Nature Reserve "Yugansky"

1.2. History reference

The rapid development in the 70s of the last century of oil and gas fields and forests of Western Siberia threatened the destruction and strong change of large tracts of forests, swamps, numerous lakes and rivers. On the right bank of the Ob and in the basins of the Bolshoy Salym, Bolshoy Yugan and Vasyugan, large oil and gas bearing areas were discovered. Their active development has increased the impact on natural landscapes where the indigenous population (Khanty) lives - hunters and fishermen. On their initiative, the Yugansk interfluve territory, still almost unaltered by anthropogenic influence, was commanded. The Yugansky reserve was founded in 1982 in the Surgut region of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, south of the oil-producing center of the West Siberian Plain - Nefteyugansk and Surgut, in the interfluve of the Bolshoy and Maly Yugan rivers in the forest-bog zone. the most important natural feature In this zone, there is an almost equal ratio of forests on podzolic and podzolic-gley soils and sphagnum bogs with peat-bog soils.

1.4. Regulatory framework for functioning

Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated May 31, 1982 No. 324 “On the organization state reserve"Yugansky" of the Main Hunting Department of the RSFSR in the Tyumen Region ";

Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation dated April 15, 2003 No. 309 “On Approval of the Regulations on the Federal public institution State natural reserve "Yugansky".

1.5. Purpose and objectives of creation

GPZ "Yugansky", created to preserve and study the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of flora and fauna, certain types and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique ecological systems(White Moshniks) of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.

1.6. Guard mode

On the territory of the Yugansky State Processing Plant, any activity that is contrary to the tasks of the state nature reserve and the regime of special protection of its territory, including:

Actions that change the hydrological regime of lands;

Exploration and development of minerals, disturbance of soil cover, mineral outcrops, outcrops and rocks;

Main fellings, harvesting resin, wood sap, medicinal plants and technical raw materials, as well as other types of forest management, with the exception of cases provided for by the Regulations on the State Natural Reserve "Yugansky";

Haymaking, grazing, placement of beehives and apiaries, collection and harvesting of wild fruits, berries, mushrooms, nuts, seeds, flowers and other types of use flora, with the exception of cases provided for by the Regulations on the Yugansky gas processing plant;

Construction and placement of industrial and agricultural enterprises and their individual facilities, construction of buildings and structures, roads and overpasses, power lines and other communications, with the exception of those necessary to ensure the operation of the reserve;

Commercial, sports and amateur hunting, other types of wildlife use, with the exception of cases provided for by the Regulations on the State Natural Reserve "Yugansky";

Introduction of plants and animals for the purpose of their acclimatization;

Application of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products;

Alloy timber;

Transit run of pets;

The presence, passage and passage of unauthorized persons and motor vehicles outside public roads and waterways, with the exception of the section of the Maly Yugan River from the mouth of the Vuyan-yana River to the eastern border of the reserve, where a representative of the indigenous population is allowed to come for the purpose of amateur fishing;

Collection of zoological, botanical and mineralogical collections, except for those provided for by the subject and plans of scientific research in the reserve;

Flight of airplanes and helicopters below 2000 m over land and water without agreement with the reserve or the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, as well as overcoming the sound barrier by aircraft over the territory of the reserve;

Other activities that violate the natural development of natural processes, threatening the state of natural complexes and objects, and also not related to the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the reserve.

List of permissible types of activities, on what area activities are allowed, permissible volumes of nature use, to whom it is allowed. On the territory of the Yugansky State Processing Plant, it is allowed to carry out activities and activities aimed at:

Preservation of natural complexes in their natural state, their restoration, as well as prevention of changes in natural complexes and their components as a result of anthropogenic impact;

Maintaining conditions that ensure sanitary and fire safety of people, animals, natural complexes and objects;

Conducting scientific research, including environmental monitoring;

Carrying out environmental education work;

Implementation of control functions.

On the sites of limited economic activity of the Yugansky State Processing Plant, the following are allowed:

Preparation of firewood and commercial timber necessary to meet the needs of the reserve and its employees; the decision on its use of wood products obtained as a result of other cuttings is made by the administration of the reserve;

Picking mushrooms, nuts, berries and other wild plants by the staff of the reserve during work on the territory of the reserve for personal consumption (without the right to sell) in the manner established by the administration of the reserve in accordance with the recommendations of the scientific and technical council of the reserve;

Organization and arrangement of educational and excursion ecological routes;

Amateur fishing by employees of the reserve, as well as citizens residing on its territory, for personal consumption (without the right to sell) in the manner prescribed by the Rules for amateur and sport fishing in force in KhMAO-Yugra;

Amateur fishing on the site of the river. Maly Yugan

employees of the reserve, as well as citizens residing on its territory, for personal consumption (without the right to sell) in the manner prescribed by the Rules for recreational and sport fishing in force in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra;

Organization of auxiliary agriculture to provide the employees of the reserve and their families with food on the territories of economic plots allocated by the forest inventory of 1983 near the cordons of the reserve.

Zoning of the territory of protected areas - missing.

1.7. Description of the security zone

Around the reserve, a 2 km wide protection zone with a total area of ​​93,893 hectares has been established.

Section 2. Physical and geographical conditions

2.1. Geographical position

The Yugansky gas processing plant is located in the southern part of the Sredneobskaya lowland in the center of the West Siberian Plain. The relief of the territory of the reserve is flat, with a slight slope towards the Ob valley. The most elevated southeastern part reaches 102 m above sea level.
The reserve is located in the interfluve of the Big and Small Yugan, the last river forms the natural north-eastern border of the reserve. The largest rivers of the reserve are Negusyakh, Vuyaany, Kolkochenyagun.

total area: 648636.0 ha.

Coordinates of corner cordons: (closest to the corners of the reserve)

Stone - 60º17.696"; 74º54.398" (1 km southwest of the northwest corner)

Bear angle - 59º23.512; 74º00.700" (2.5 km north of the southwest corner)

Cordon mouth of Vuayana - 60º07.529"; 74º55.253"

Coordinates of scientific hospitals:

Art. Kogonchiny-2 59º57.753"; 74º50.903";

Art. Vuyany 59º54.560"; 74º50.903".

Description of the borders of the state processing plant "Yugansky".

Northern: from the south-western corner of the 682 to the east along the southern borders of the square. 583, 584, 585, 586, rep. gr. sq. 629 to the south, along the southern border of square 629, 630, 631, then along the river Negusyakh to the south-west corner of square 866, along the southern borders of quarters 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, further along the Vulyany River to its confluence with M. Yugan.

South: to the west. sowing the borders of the sq. 1768, 1767, 1766, 1765 to the middle of square 1764, to the south along cf. parts of quarters 1764.1846 to the southern border of the quarter. 1846, further to the west along the south. the borders of the sq. 1846, 1845, 1844, 1843, to the southwest corner of square 1842, further to the north. according to zap. clearings sq. 1842.1760 to north-east. corner sq. 1759, further to app. sowing to the borders of the square 1759, 1758, 1757, 1756, 1755, 1754, 1753, 1752, 1751, 1750, 1749, 1748, 1747, 1746, 1745, 1744, 1743, 1742, to the northwest corner of the square. 1741.

Western: to the north. from north-west. corner sq. 1741 east to the borders of the square 1353, 1343, 1330, 1317, 1304, 1295, 1283, 1270, 1259, 1248, 1236, 1226, 1215, 943, 910, 862, 804, 746, 663, 626, to the southwest corner of the square .582 Yugansk forestry.

Cartographic coordinates (SK-42)

2.2. The main features of nature

In the interfluve of the Ob and Irtysh, in the southern part of the Sredneobskaya lowland, the main relief elements within the reserve are occupied by vast swampy watersheds and narrow river valleys.

Absolute heights here reach 80-90 m ( maximum height- 102 m), but these formations rise only 5-7 m above the surrounding area. River valleys were formed under conditions of small surface slopes, slow and calm currents. The rivers are very meandering.

The climate of the region is humid and continental. The fluctuation range of absolute temperatures is 87.7°. The average annual air temperature is -2.4°С. The average January-variety temperature is -19°С; July +16.7°С. The average annual rainfall is 646 mm. Snow cover reaches 30-70 cm, sometimes up to 120 cm.

Excess moisture, a slight slope of the terrain and poor drainage lead to waterlogging and waterlogging of the soil. Bog peaty and peaty soils predominate. Of the soil-forming processes, gley and podzolic are expressed. In general, the soils of the reserve are characterized by an insignificant thickness of the humus horizon (3-10 cm), an acidic and strongly acidic reaction, and a low humus content (1.5-3.0%). All these are signs of low productive soils.

The territory of the reserve covers part of the basins of the Nyogusyakh and Maly Yugan rivers - the right tributaries of the river. Big Yugan, which flows into the river. Ob.

The Negusyakh originates among the swamps of the reserve and receives many small tributaries. Its length within the reserve is about 400 km.

The north-eastern border of the reserve passes along the Small Yugan. Its largest tributaries are Kolkochenyagun and Vuyaany. Water level fluctuations reach 6 m. The width of the Nyogusyakh channel in low water is 15-20 m, the Small Yugan is 25-3Om.

There are many marsh lakes in the reserve. They are shallow, have a peaty bottom, swampy banks and sometimes give rise to small rivers. Most large lakes- Ontyrlor, Kytnelor and Kolyn-lor. In the floodplains of the rivers there are oxbow lakes, in the local language - urias.

Section 3 Description of Vegetation

The flora of the vascular plants of the reserve is relatively poor compared to the flora of the middle taiga Priobye as a whole, which is associated with a small variety of landscapes. 320 species of vascular plants belonging to 67 families have been noted in the reserve. The most widely represented are the families of sedge (30 species), compound flowers (27), orchids (15), rosaceae (21) and buttercups (19).

The inventory of the reserve's bryoflora has not yet been completed. The list of mosses so far includes 76 species belonging to 27 families (together with liver mosses). The most representative family of bryophytes in the reserve is sphagnum (19 species).

For territory Yugansky reserve 165 species, 14 variants and 16 forms of lichens from 23 families and 45 genera were identified.

The species composition of algae and fungi has not yet been studied.

Of the species included in the RF RC, lichen Lobaria pulmonaria, orchid - leafless chin and two types of mushrooms - pistillate hornworm and coral blackberry were found in the reserve. Lobaria pulmonaria and both types of mushrooms are quite common in the reserve and widely distributed. The leafless chin is widely distributed in the reserve in dark coniferous forests, but its abundance is low.

Several plant species are located near the northern border of their range and therefore are quite rare. These include lily curly-taya (saranka), victorious onion (ramson), oval hiding place, single-leaved pulp, spotted slipper.

According to the geobotanical zoning, the territory of the reserve belongs to the Salymo-Yugansky district of the middle taiga subzone. The vegetation of this district is characterized by the predominance of spruce-cedar forests with the participation of fir on the watersheds, and the less drained central sections of the interfluves are occupied by convex oligotrophic swamps. Forest and swamp vegetation are closely interconnected and often pass one into the other.

The most drained areas of the watershed spaces are occupied by spruce-cedar green moss forests and their derivatives. Cedar is one of the main forest-forming species in the area of ​​the reserve. It has a wide ecological plasticity - it endures drought, frost (down to -60 ° C), spring floods and therefore occurs both in well-drained and in swampy or overmoistened areas. Being a generally light-loving breed, the cedar is very shade-tolerant at a young age and more demanding of light with the onset of fruiting. Such properties allow cedar to form both mixed and clean forests in various forest conditions.

Spruce-cedar green moss forests with the presence of fir are the final stage of change of vegetation cover after fires. They usually develop in well-drained areas with loamy and sandy loamy podzolic or gleyed soils. These forests have a stand of different ages, sometimes with an admixture of small-leaved species. The age of the trees of the first tier is 180-200 years.

The undergrowth is represented by the most common species - wild rose, Siberian mountain ash, Pallas honeysuckle, raspberries. In the herbaceous-shrub layer, lingonberries, northern linnaea, blueberries, double-leaved mulberry, European seven-leaved wintergreen, round-leaved wintergreen, forest horsetail, and three-separate golokuchnik predominate. The moss cover is formed by brilliant hylocomium, Schreber's pleurium and others.

Floristic diversity

Section 4. Description of the animal world

The study of the theriofauna on the territory of the reserve began in 1984 by the staff of the scientific department. By 1999, 36 species of mammals belonging to 6 orders and 13 families were recorded.

Among insectivores, representatives of the shrew family are common and most numerous, preferring dark coniferous floodplain forests, their number in pine forests is much lower. The common and small shrews are the most common, the number of even-toothed and common shrews is much lower. The little shrew is very rare, only a few specimens are caught annually. Shrews are found along the banks of rivers and streams.

Chiroptera are represented by the smooth-nosed family bats. A single species has been noted - the northern leather fox, sometimes caught in cobwebs when catching birds for ringing.

The order of rodents is represented by 15 species.

The number of squirrels in the region (as well as throughout the range) is subject to sharp ups and downs. The main factor determining its fluctuations is trophic. The population dynamics has a huge scope depending on the harvest of the main feed, reaching a 10-12-fold change in the population size over the years. In crop failures for coniferous plants years, mass migrations are noted, during which the number of squirrels for a short time in migratory biotopes rose to 500 individuals per 1000 ha.

Chipmunk is also distributed throughout the forested area of ​​the reserve. In optimal years, it reaches the number of 20-30 individuals per 1 km2. The flying squirrel is widespread, but few in number. Due to the twilight way of life, it is rarely recorded, it prefers floodplain mixed biotopes.

An important component of the fauna of taiga biotopes are mouse-like rodents, which serve as the main food for various predators. The red-backed vole dominates in trappings; it reaches especially high abundance in floodplain dark coniferous and pine moss-berry forests during the period of mass harvest of berries and pine nuts, when the attendance of traps sometimes reaches 100%. The bank vole is much rarer and in much smaller numbers. The red-gray vole is very rare, the forest and field mouse, as well as the field vole. In swampy biotopes and on the outskirts of swamps, the root vole and wood lemming are found. The forest mouse usually gravitates towards river floodplains, feeding on various seeds and berries. Along the banks of streams and rivers with dense grassy vegetation, the water vole lives, sometimes forming colonial settlements.

The muskrat was acclimatized in the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug in 1933-1937. and quickly reached commercial abundance. However, due to epizootics and unrestricted fishing, its stocks have significantly decreased by now. In the reserve, the muskrat inhabits rivers, oxbow lakes and lakes almost throughout the entire area, but nowhere does it reach a high number.

The only representative of the lagomorphs is the white hare. It occurs in all biotopes, including extensive watershed swamps. The most favorite places are floodplains with dense thickets of willow, where in favorable years the population density reaches 50 individuals per 1000 ha.

Of the predatory mammals, 13 species live in the reserve. The most numerous representative of the marten family, numbering 8 species. Sable refers to the so-called Tobolsk ridge, characterized by large size and light-colored fur. It is found everywhere, but prefers wooded areas.

The Siberian weasel is very rare in the reserve, and, as a rule, single meetings of tracks in winter period. Other small mustelids - weasel and ermine - are much more common. The number of weasels per last years has increased significantly. Preferring dark coniferous and pine forests, she also willingly visits vast swamps. There have been cases of direct persecution of small mustelids by stronger sable, which displaces them from some biotopes.

The badger is a very rare species on the territory of the reserve, the number of which is low. Every year, only single meetings of the animals themselves and traces of their vital activity are noted throughout the territory.

Wolverine is common and widespread. About 20-30 animals live in the reserve.

The first American mink was released in the area in 1940. Since then, it has multiplied many times and occupied all suitable habitats. The otter is much less common, but it is also a common inhabitant of many reservoirs of the reserve.

During winter migrations, it is possible to enter the Arctic fox reserve. In the floodplains of large and medium rivers, the fox is common, the number of which is recent times rose. Occasionally, there are meetings with animals that have a dark fur color, the so-called silver fox. Most of the information about such meetings comes from the river. Little Yugan.

The wolf is rare in the reserve. Its distribution is limited by low density of ungulates and deep snowy winters. Every year there are only single meetings of couples and singles, often grazing herds of reindeer.

The lynx is very rare in the protected area and in the surrounding areas.

Found everywhere Brown bear. Stationary placement and density depend on the availability and maturation of the main fodder plants. In spring and autumn, it is often found in open swamps. The population density in optimal biotopes is about 0.9 individuals per 1000 ha.

Ungulates are represented by two native species - elk and reindeer. In 1990-1991 in the reserve, single individuals of a wild boar were noted, presumably settled from a batch released in the basin of the river. Demyanki. However, wild boars did not take root here, the last traces were noted in 1992.

According to the results of aerial surveys, the number of reindeer has significantly decreased over the past 10 years. The main reason for this is the increased concern due to the expansion of oil and gas production near the boundaries of the reserve. According to the results of the latest aerial surveys in 1996, the population density in marsh biotopes was 1.1 individuals per 1000 ha.

Elk's favorite habitats are floodplain dark coniferous and mixed forests. The abundance of undergrowth of small-leaved species attracts it to regenerating burnt areas and old clearings. Willingly uses for movement and feeding seismological profiles, cut through before the organization of the reserve. The maximum density reaches in the river basin. Negusyakh, up to 1.2 individuals per 1000 ha.

The fauna of amphibians in the reserve includes 4 species. Widespread common toad and moor frog, as well as Siberian salamander. The Siberian frog is very rare.

Of the reptiles, 2 species were noted - the viviparous lizard and the common viper. The viviparous lizard is a common species in the reserve, found throughout the territory, prefers well-lit, sparse forest areas and the edges of swamps. Viper ordinary - common, in certain years numerous in places, prefers wet biotopes, often found along the shores of lakes, oxbow lakes, in tussocks on the edges of forests near marshes, in raised bogs.

Section 5. Description of unique objects taken under protection

Preservation of undisturbed ecosystems of the Middle Ob. In the conditions of active development of oil and gas and forest resources of Western Siberia.

In fact, the territory of the reserve is the only relatively untouched area in this area of ​​the Tyumen region.

Rare species of fauna

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Section 6. Description of archaeological objects - not registered

Section 7 Current state ecosystems

There are no economic entities that have a technogenic impact on the state of ecosystems on the territory of the Yugansky GPZ. According to the results of the interpretation of satellite images, there is no data on the technogenic load. Anthropogenic impact factors on the territory of the reserve are insignificant, since all rivers flowing through the territory of the reserve originate in the protected area; industrial enterprises are located at a sufficient distance from the reserve.

Section 8 Scientific Research and Other Activities

In 1982-2006, research works were carried out on the territory of the Yugansky GPZ on the following research topics:

1. Observation of phenomena and processes in the natural complex of the reserve and their study under the program of the Chronicle of Nature

2. Influence of meteorological factors on the dynamics of the number of animals.

3. Biological resources and nature management.

Section 9. Information about awards, titles, certificates assigned (issued) to a specially protected natural area no .

The location of the reserve. Organized in 1976 in the Soviet district Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district of the Tyumen region, partly on the territory of the former Kondo-Sosvinsky reserve. It is located within the Nizhneobskaya elevated plain with weakly expressed watersheds, shallow river valleys and a general slope towards the Ob valley. The area is 225.6 thousand hectares.

Target. The reserve was established with the aim of preserving and studying in the natural state typical natural complexes of the Central taiga West Siberian taiga, including the genetic fund of flora and fauna. The special task of the reserve is the preservation, restoration of rare and especially valuable representatives of the flora and fauna of the region.

Story! The first decision on the creation of a reserve on the Kondo-Sosvinsky watershed was issued by the Presidium of the Tobolsk Okrug Executive Committee on June 15, 1928. Organization of the North Ural State Beaver and Sable hunting reserve(SUGOZ) was approved by the collegium of the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR on April 26, 1929, the boundaries were specified until 1931, total area it was about 800 thousand hectares, the first director was V.V. Vasiliev. In November 1934, by a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR, the reserve was recognized as of national importance and became known as Kondo-Sosvinsky. Since 1938, it has been included in the system of the Main Directorate for Reserves of the Council of People's Commissars (since 1945 - the Council of Ministers) of the RSFSR. In connection with the "reorganization" of the system of reserves of the USSR in 1951, when their total number in the country decreased, the reserve, despite the protests of the scientific community and local authorities power was eliminated. And restored only in modern form

Flora. Basically, these are widespread boreal Eurasian species. But in the reserve there are many rare plants. There are also very rare ones listed in the Red Book of Russia: flowering plant- leafless chin, lichen - lobaria pulmonary.

Flora. The list of rare and endangered species of the flora of the Tyumen region includes 14 species of vascular plants of the reserve: black cotoneaster, two-leaved lyubka, Maryin root peony, oval, heart-shaped caches, etc. Several species of xerothermic and post-glacial relics, witnesses of past eras, grow on the territory of the reserve. These plants are rare and represent a large scientific value: Ural ostrich, Zavadsky's dendrantema, narrow-leaved gerbil, spiked veronica, Mattiol's cortuza, cold astragalus, Siberian aster and others. The flora of the reserve is rich in medicinal, food and ornamental plants.

Fauna. 13 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, one species of reptiles, 180 species of birds and 38 species of mammals are constantly living in the reserve. in the second half of May, the greatest abundance of birds is observed in the swamps; on average, over 200 birds of 60 species can be counted per square kilometer.

In Western Siberia, on one of the flattest plains in the world, in the edge of forests and swamps, famous throughout the world for gas and oil deposits, rich mineral resources, there is one of the largest nature reserves in our country - Yugansky.

As early as the beginning of the 20th century, the idea arose to protect the lands of Western Siberia. It was at this time that active development and development of forest and oil and gas reserves of the Middle Ob region began.

State Reserve "Yugansky": location

The reserve is located in the Surgut district of the Khanty-Mansiysk district. Its area is currently about six hundred thousand hectares, ninety-nine thousand of them are protected. The reserve "Yugansky" is located in the interfluve of the Small and Big Yugan. Maly Yugan is the natural northeastern border of the reserve.

Climatic conditions

Humid continental climate is characterized by a large range of temperature fluctuations, which is almost 90 ° C. Winter is long and cold. The average January temperature is -19 °C, but often frosts reach -55 °C. Summer is short and at the same time relatively warm: average temperature July is +17 °C.

Territory

At the end of May 1982, the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation decided to create the Yugansk Reserve. Along the perimeter, it has a two-kilometer protected zone with an area of ​​98.9 thousand hectares. The territory of the reserve is very flat, almost flat, the maximum height above sea level is 120 meters. This point is located in the southern part of the reserve.

The whole territory is slightly inclined to the north, the relief gradually decreases towards the Ob River. The height difference does not exceed twenty meters, but in the interfluves it is less - no more than seven meters. The valleys of meandering rivers cut deep into this plain. With such a gentle relief, the flow of water is slowed down, which contributes to the formation of many lakes and swamps, from which numerous small rivers originate.

The Maly Yugan River is the eastern border of the reserve. The left part of its basin passes through the protected area, and the right part - beyond its borders. Another one major river- Negusyakh. The middle and upper parts of its basin are located in the western part of the Yugansky nature reserve.

swamps

The main value of the reserve, located on the border of Vasyugan, perhaps one of the largest swamps on our planet, is precisely the swamps. The history of their formation is interesting. The process began in these territories almost twelve thousand years ago and continues today.

Numerous hollows, which were filled with melted glacial waters, became their basis. Plants began to linger in them, which was the beginning of the accumulation of peat. About two or three thousand years ago, the swamps acquired the appearance that remains in general terms even today.

The large swamps of the Yugansky State Nature Reserve are unique complex systems, consisting of elevated areas - ridges, as well as lower, often water-filled hollows. In addition, there are also small lakes. The ridges are on average twenty-five to forty centimeters larger than the hollows, and their width varies from two to ten meters.

The peat layer of swamps in the reserve averages about five meters, but in some areas it exceeds ten meters.

Vegetation

The flora of the Yugansk Reserve is represented by 330 varieties of vascular plants, 195 lichens, 107 mosses. In the floodplains, vegetation is mainly represented by green moss spruce forests with cedar and fir. Birch forests are often found here, often the second tier is made up of dark coniferous species and undergrowth.

A continuous moss cover is formed by comb ptilium, Schreber's pleurocium, shiny hylocomium, as well as shrubs: lingonberries and blueberries, honeysuckle, Siberian svidina. Meadow vegetation is represented to a lesser extent. Meadow areas in the river valleys are small. According to their geobotanical composition, meadows can be divided into several types:

• marsh-sedge;
• reed;
• sedge-canary;
• cereal-forb.

Usually, grass forbs are represented by creeping couch grass with a small proportion of sedge.

The number of animals in the Yugansk Reserve

The fauna of vertebrate animals in the reserve includes 269 species. Most of them (216 species) are birds. 134 species nest on the territory of the reserve. Gyrfalcon and snowy owl are found in winter, 45 species fly into the territory of the reserve in spring and autumn, and another 30 species are included in the so-called vagrant group: these are birds that came to this territory by accident.

The vast majority of birds fly away for the winter to warmer climes, and only those that have adapted to harsh and hungry winters remain for the winter - ornithologists counted about forty species of these. As a rule, these are small chicken, passerine birds (hazel grouse, capercaillie, partridge, black grouse), diurnal predators, as well as some species of owls.

To date, there are forty species of mammals in the Yugansk Reserve. More than half of them are rodents and shrews. Of the predators, the mustelid family is the most numerous - eight species. The most familiar inhabitant of the protected area is the sable, which loves floodplain forests with plenty of food. Much less common columns.

Otter and American mink are found in the rivers of the protected area. Large mustelids are represented by badgers and wolverines, small ones by weasels, which are the most common. The number of foxes and wolves, as, indeed, of all predators, depends on the amount of food, so most often it is low. Lynx is very rare in the reserve and in the adjacent territories. Its abundance is limited by the number of white hare and the height of the snow cover.

Everywhere in the reserve there is a bear, but the bear gives preference to floodplain forests, where there is more food for it. Artiodactyl herbivores are represented by reindeer (forest subspecies) and elk.

The most mysterious inhabitants of the reserve are bats or bats. Two species have been recorded in the reserve: two-color leather and northern leather. Of the other vertebrates in the reserve, four species of amphibians (common toad, salamander, Siberian and moor frogs) and two species of reptiles

Many people know that Siberia is famous for its unique natural beauty. The resources of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug are rich and varied. The reserves of the district, along with reserves and national parks, keep all the diversity of fauna and flora in natural environment a habitat. The flow of tourists to this mysterious and unique land never dries up. And this is not surprising. They are attracted by a large number of unusual animals and birds, beautiful landscapes and the original culture of the peoples of the North.

Tourists visiting this corner of the earth get exciting and unforgettable emotions. Beautiful forests, swampy taiga, forest-tundra, rivers and reservoirs, the richest flora and fauna - the Autonomous Okrug generously shares all this with connoisseurs of natural beauty.

They cannot be left without attention of tourists of the Autonomous Okrug. They were created with the aim of studying, and most importantly, preserving the animal and plant world without disturbing natural processes. Hunting and economic activities are excluded on the territory of the reserves. This is necessary for the conservation of ecosystems.

Surely, many are wondering what kind of reserves there are in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. On the territory of this Autonomous Okrug, there are two natural sites that are worth visiting. The unique species composition of flora and fauna, beautiful nature, rich in incredible beauty, will not leave anyone indifferent.

Believe me, having visited the protected areas of the district, you will draw a lot for yourself. interesting facts about the life of certain representatives of the animal and plant world, see how they behave in their natural habitat, and also enjoy the beautiful views unique nature. The amazing reserves of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Ugra), whose names will be given below, will give you a lot of unforgettable emotions. The beauty of these natural objects truly unforgettable!

Reserve "Malaya Sosva"

This one was organized in 1976. The North Asian river beaver has become the symbol of the reserve. This animal was once quite common, but has been preserved this species thanks to the Kondo-Sosva natives. It was their careful attitude to valuable representatives of the fauna that made it possible to save rodents from extinction, which were completely exterminated almost throughout Siberia. This region in the past was quite inaccessible. Thanks to this, as well as the customs of local peoples, the nature of this area is well preserved.

The flora of the reserve consists of 407 plant species. The vegetation cover is mainly taiga plants, but European, northern, southern and Siberian species. Relics of the glacial and post-glacial periods are also found on the territory of the reserve: Siberian aster, Lapland buttercup, northern burr, yellowing lumbago, crested sturgeon, blunt sedge and other equally valuable plants.

The fauna of the reserve "Malaya Sosva" is 38 species of mammals. In addition, more than 200 species of birds and 15 species of fish live here. There are also amphibians and reptiles. Elk, ermine, chipmunk, bear, shrews are common inhabitants of the reserve. In addition to them, there are also especially rare species of animals, such as the West Siberian river beaver. There are also endangered representatives of birds listed in the Red Book: gyrfalcon, eagle owl, etc.

The reserves of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug are of great importance from a scientific point of view. People have been accumulating information about Siberian nature for centuries. Another unique object of this district will be discussed below.

Yugansky reserve

This natural object covers an area of ​​648.7 thousand hectares. Secondary forests are located on its main territory. In the reserve there are plants, some of which are listed in the Red Book. These include the leafless chin and others. Pine forests located on the hills are widespread.

The fauna of the reserve consists of 36 species of mammals. Of the birds listed in the Red Book, there is a black stork on the territory. Also in you can meet a large bittern. Dace, pike, perch, ruff, gudgeon, etc. are found in reservoirs. rare species burbot and nelma can be distinguished.

Reserves and National parks HMAO is natural resources districts. It is definitely worth a visit to enrich your knowledge and enjoy the grandeur of pristine beauty. Among national parks Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug should pay attention to the Numto reserve.

Numto Nature Park

Almost from all sides it is surrounded by deposits under development. To this day, this region remains little explored. It is fraught with many mysterious and unknown. The park was created as a natural monument, designed to preserve the wealth of the region, to become a reservoir traditional culture and legacy for future generations.

Natural Park Samarovsky Chugas

This facility was established in January 2001. This was due to the fact that the rapid human economic activity in the 70s led to the destruction of ecosystems, including cedar forests. In order to preserve natural ecosystems and historical and cultural heritage, Samarovsky Chugas was created at the initiative of the public.

Natural park "Siberian Uvaly"

This object is interesting for its flora and fauna. 120 species of birds live on its territory, three of which are listed in the Red Book. from plants big interest represents the labaria, related to the disappearing ones.

The reserves of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, along with the reserves and natural parks, is a National Treasure of the county. Whoever visits these parts one day will never forget about them. The harsh and beautiful nature of this extraordinary corner of the planet leaves an indelible mark on the soul. It is in such places that a person truly connects with nature, forgetting about the bustle of the city.

Reserves and national parks of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Ugra) are corners of the Earth that every self-respecting tourist must visit.

Identification of oil-contaminated lands. The greatest increase in man-made load. Reclaimed and leased area. State natural reserve of regional significance. Dumping of the bush base. year of restoration. Peat Quarries. The 2011 spill on an unremediated old spill. Spill in 1988, without reclamation. Provision of space information for remote sensing for environmental monitoring.

"Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug" - Selkup settlements. South Siberian forest-steppe. Samoyeds. What peoples lived in the area. Basic knowledge. High level of development of reindeer breeding. Selkups. Khanty dwelling. Use different sources of geographic information. Settlement of the district. Khanty. To acquaint students with the history of the development and study of the territory of the YNAO. Types of economic activity of the Khanty. Traditional activities of the Selkups.

"Geography of Western Siberia" - The forest zone of the West Siberian Plain is divided into subzones. natural areas. About 80% of the area of ​​Western Siberia is located within the West Siberian Plain. At the base of the territory lies a young platform. Neither yar, nor fall. Tundra, which occupies the northernmost part of the Tyumen region. Siberia is generous and rich to everyone. Geographical position. Climate. Stone berry. Western Siberia. Oil is the queen of minerals, and Western Siberia is her throne.

"Development of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug" - Key Factors. Development of the regional economy. Main trends. Age and sex structure of the population. migratory mobility. Optimization of the tax and tariff burden. Influence on socio-economic processes. Aggregate investment volumes. Revenue distribution structure. Exhaustion of available technological reserves. Tax burden. base sector. Deductions from oil and gas companies.

"Ecology of Yugra" - Technogenic load. Scheme of MSW movement. Population. Waste management of production and consumption. State environment in Surgut. Placement of solid household waste. Department of Ecology of the Autonomous Okrug. Ensuring coordination and interaction. Measures of the Yugra Government. Environmental Policy of the Government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Legislative support.

"Education of the city of Omsk" - State of the system vocational education. Training Center for Professional Qualifications. The contingent of students. Profile integration. Strategy for the development of the personnel training system. Modernization of vocational education. Programming in computer systems. Vocational Education Graduation. Resource center for training specialists. Creation training center professional qualifications.