China is the largest state East Asia and the world, inferior in territory only to and . On an area of ​​22,117 sq. km is home to at least 1.4 billion people. China has land borders with 14 countries, including Russia,. The shores of China are washed by the East China, Yellow, South China Seas and the Korean Gulf, the Taiwan Strait separates from the continent. The coast stretches from the border with North Korea before .

The relief of the country is diverse, in China there are plateaus, mountains, deserts, plains and depressions. In the southwest, the Tibetan Plateau reaches a height of 4,000 m or more. Northern China is distinguished by high plains and a mountain belt. In the south and northeast - low plains. The highest plateau in the world - the Tibetan Plateau is surrounded by the Himalayas, the Karakorum, the Pamirs and the Kunlun, Altyntag and Qilianshan mountain ranges. At an altitude of 2,700–3,000 m there is a swampy area - the Tsaidam depression with salt lakes.

To the north of the Kunlun Mountains is the endorheic Tarim Basin with the Takla Makan Desert and the Turfan Depression, which is 154 m below sea level. In this area, temperature fluctuations are observed from +52 °С to -18 °С. The depression is surrounded by oases through which the Great Silk Road passed. To the north of the Tarim Basin rises the Tien Shan mountain range, behind which is the Dzhungar depression with the Ili and Irtysh rivers flowing into Kazakhstan.

On the Mongolian plateau at an altitude of 1000 m - the province of Inner Mongolia with the Alashan and Gobi deserts. Small mountain ranges limit the plateau from the south and east and end with the Ordos desert. In the south of the desert, behind the Great Wall of China, is the Loess Plateau. Most of the Chinese live in the lowlands in the northeast to the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and on the eastern plains. In the south of the country there are several mountainous regions with an altitude of 200 to 2,000 m.

Chinese ancient territories

Qing Empire (1644 - 1912)

Ming dynasty (1368 - 1644)

Yuan dynasty (1279 - 1368)

Northwest China
Yuan Dynasty (1279 - 1368)

Song Dynasty (960 - 1279)

Northern Song dynasty (960 - 1127)

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907 - 979)

Tang Dynasty 669 (618 - 907)

Complete Sui period (581 - 618)

Eastern Jin dynasty (317 - 420 AD)

Three Kingdoms period (220 - 280 AD)

These are maps from atlases on the history of China, according to which hundreds of millions of Chinese schoolchildren study. Looking at these maps of ancestral Chinese lands, you can easily answer a few very simple questions:
- Why are all the favorite dishes of the "Siberian" cuisine, such as dumplings, are actually traditional Chinese dishes and can be ordered in any restaurant in China?
- Why are all the indigenous peoples of Siberia and the indigenous peoples of the North living east of the Urals more like the Chinese than the Russians?
- Why do the Chinese easily endure frosts and can live and work without problems in the permafrost zone and in the Far North?

“After the Second Opium War, the Russian Empire, taking advantage of the capture of China by the army of Great Britain and France, occupied Chinese territories by force of arms, despicably appropriated the lands of the northeast and northwest of China with an area of ​​​​more than 1.5 million square kilometers” - this is an excerpt from the Chinese an eighth grade history textbook from an item titled "Russia's Thieves' Behavior", it also mentions "Chinese Northern Territories", including the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories of the Russian Far East, which Russia stole from China.

Under the auspices of regional organization"Our Common Home Altai" regularly hosts international student meetings, which attract students from Russia, China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Lecturer participating in international student conferences in the Altai Republic, Professor of the Altai State Agrarian University, Doctor philosophical sciences Andrei Ivanov reported on June 9, 2006 that in Chinese history textbooks Western Siberia up to the Tomsk region is regarded as China's "lost lands".

According to Professor Ivanov, the Russian student shared her fears about the possible expansion of the Chinese into Russia, in particular, into Siberia. In response, a Chinese student said that this prospect should be taken lightly: "We are a growing nation, and we really will come here sooner or later." "Later it turned out," Ivanov said, "that the Chinese history books say that Western Siberia, including the Tomsk region, is temporarily lost Chinese territory."

China recognizes that the territories that went to Qing China under a treaty with the Russian Empire of the 17th century later became part of Russia, which took advantage of the weakening of the Qing Empire, under two "unequal treaties": the Aigun Treaty of 1858 and the Beijing Treaty of 1860. The Russian-Chinese border was finally established in 2008, but Russia continues to worry about hidden Chinese territorial claims.

Of course, the official Chinese map of the world does not in any way reflect China's claims to Siberia and the entire Russian Far East. Just like the official maps of Russia and official position Russia did not in any way reflect Russia's claims to Crimea and Novorossiya back in 2013. The referendum in Crimea and its "reunification" with Russia were completed in just 2-3 weeks. China is ready to spend a little more time on the return of the "temporarily lost territories of the Middle Kingdom".

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia and the imposition of Western sanctions in March 2014, when Russia was excluded from the G8 group, 81% of Russians, according to a poll by VTsIOM, said that the Chinese leadership is friendly towards Russia, putting the Chinese regime in first place among other countries in terms of level of favor. Even the leader of past years, Belarus was behind the PRC. In fact, China has reduced investment in Russia, considering cooperation with today's Russia unpredictable. In early December 2015, Alexander Gurko, head of NP GLONASS, complained that after the closure of Western markets for Russia, the Chinese raised prices for electronic components for the GLONASS system by 3-4 times. China allowed Russia to export grain from a limited number of regions, but only in bags, not in bulk. This made exports from Russia unprofitable and put Russia on an uneven footing compared to other suppliers to Beijing. Russia is only China's 15th largest trading partner. Trade turnover between China and Russia in 2015 decreased by 27.8% to 422.7 billion yuan ($64.2 billion). The volume of exports of Chinese goods to Russia in 2015 fell by 34.4% to 216.2 billion yuan ($32.9 billion), while imports of Russian products to China decreased by 19.1% to 206.5 billion yuan ($31 billion). .4 billion). The Russian share in China's foreign trade fell from 2.2% to 1.65%.

Due to the weakening of the ruble, there was a good moment for investment, as labor and real estate became cheaper as a result. “Obviously, Russia was not at the center of Chinese attention,” said Yaroslav Lissovolik, chief economist at the Eurasian Development Bank. “Of China’s $27 billion in direct investment in the CIS countries in 2015, Russia accounted for only $3.4 billion, against $23.6 billion. for Kazakhstan". In Kazakhstan, the Chinese are primarily interested in the extraction of raw materials and the creation of infrastructure for their own transport. The same applies to Russia, which is confirmed by the example of Leonid Mikhelson. The co-owner of Sibur and Novatek, Leonid Mikhelson, sold 10% of the largest Russian petrochemical concern Sibur to Chinese Sinopec in December 2015 for $1.3 billion. The Chinese Silk Road Fund bought a 9.9% stake in the Yamal LNG project owned by Mikhelson ". However, the example of Michelson did not become typical for all of Russia, as the Kremlin wanted, the German newspaper wrote. Die Welt .

No one in Beijing is going to make a fateful bet on a Russian-Chinese alliance. Hence the disappointment of the Russians that China did not recognize the entry of Crimea into Russia, declared respect for the sovereignty of Ukraine and even provided it with a $3.6 billion loan for replacement projects. natural gas, thus helping to get rid of the gas umbilical cord linking this country with Russia. Moreover, Chinese investment in Russia has decreased by 8.2% since the beginning of 2015. And if the decline in foreign direct investment in Russia by 70% in 2014 can still somehow be explained by the intrigues of the West, then the fading interest of China looks in the eyes of the "advanced" man in the street at least a betrayal.

“It is no secret that Russia is going through a difficult period. Petrodollars, both before and now, are an important component of the Russian economy. The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation calculated that with an oil price of $40 per barrel, Russia's GDP would fall by 5%. At the same time, according to the estimates of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the Russian budget will miss more than 3 trillion rubles. However, this is not the biggest challenge. According to Chinese analysts, one of the main reasons for the financial and economic instability of 2014-2015 in Russia is the structural crisis of the economy, which began in 2012. Its essence is the deindustrialization of the economy and the decline Agriculture, and after it ends, as a rule, there is an impossibility of a quick recovery in the manufacturing industry and the agricultural sector, ”Xinhua writes in the analytical material “Can Russia withstand the test of strength against the backdrop of a complex crisis?”.

Director of the Institute of Russia at the Chinese Academy of Modern international relations Feng Yujun believes that because of the Ukrainian crisis, Russia has entered the most serious strategic impasse since the beginning of the century. Due to the sharp decline in oil prices and severe sanctions from Western countries, the Russian economy has entered a period of depression.

China's interest in Russia is no different from China's interest in African or South American countries rich in natural resources. Now only 0.7% of China's foreign investments go to Russia - 15 times less than from the EU. This share may change somewhat if controlling stakes in Russian strategic oil and gas fields are sold to the Chinese. But then we, firstly, risk becoming a full-fledged raw material appendage of China, and secondly, we are not much different from Africa, where, according to various estimates, from 9 to 12 billion dollars have been invested in mining by the Chinese, or from Latin America ( 20-25 billion dollars of Chinese investment in the industry).

Disagreements between China and Russia on oil and gas projects Russia is ready to share ever larger stakes in giant oil and gas projects with China in exchange for much-needed financing, but Chinese partners are in no hurry to bring down the price in the face of Western sanctions and ongoing mutual distrust, the Financial Times wrote on May 5, 2015. The sale of a 10% stake in Rosneft's Vankor project to China's CNPC has dragged on because the parties failed to agree terms, mainly on price, two people familiar with the negotiations told the FT. Gazprom was counting on a Chinese advance or a $25 billion loan to build the Power of Siberia gas pipeline, but the Chinese demanded too high an interest rate, and negotiations fell through, another source said. The prospects for energy projects will be the focus of talks on May 10, 2015, when Chinese leader Xi Jinping visits Moscow. The FT expects "the smiles and handshakes that are inevitable on the occasion," but business differences lurk behind them. “With low oil prices, the Chinese are looking to other places with less risk. Russia is perceived as a headache,” said a lawyer who advised Chinese energy companies on several Russian deals on condition of anonymity. In November 2014, Rosneft and CNPC signed a framework agreement to sell a 10% stake in Vankorneft, which develops one of Rosneft's largest fields (Vankor, Eastern Siberia). About 70% of Vankor oil is transported via the ESPO towards China. UBS analyst Maxim Moshkov estimates the cost of 10% of Vankorneft at $1-1.5 billion. According to the FT, the Chinese were not satisfied with the price requested by Rosneft, and the EU and US sanctions that prohibit long-term lending to Rosneft are a complicating factor. In May 2014, Gazprom solemnly signed a 30-year contract with CNPC to supply gas to China with an estimated value of $400 billion. Gas is planned to be supplied via the Power of Siberia pipeline, the construction of which has already begun. Gazprom initially hoped for a $25 billion advance or loan to finance the construction, but the Chinese asked for too high an interest rate. The second gas transportation project of Gazprom is Altai, according to which the company wants to supply gas to China from Western Siberia, is also delayed. The Kremlin previously assumed the deal would be struck during Xi Jinping's May visit, but it is now clear that it will have to wait at least several months, a source close to Gazprom told the FT. The publication reports with reference to unnamed Chinese and Russian managers and consultants that, in addition to price differences, energy partnerships are hampered by mutual mistrust and Chinese concern that they might antagonize the United States. “Russians are unreliable. They always look at things only from the side of their own interests,” the FT quotes a Chinese top manager from the oil industry, without naming him.

Fantasies about Russia's leadership in a hypothetical Russian-Chinese alliance are shattered by the very first comparisons of the two economies. China has already become the first economy in the world in purchasing power parity, overtaking the United States. The share of China in the world economy, according to the latest data from the International Monetary Fund, has reached 16.48% and the second place is 16.28% for the US economy. To understand the scale of our backlog: the share of Russia, when oil cost more than $100 per barrel, was 3.3% (of which raw materials are). In addition, China came out on top in the world in terms of the number of technical laboratories per capita and technology exports; we here, again, are an interested importer. If you look at the numbers, you'll shudder because Russia's trade with China before the oil price crash was $95 billion, and China's trade with the US was $650 billion. Once again: $650 billion and $95 billion. This is where tangible and intangible goods are produced. It's as obvious as two times two is four. No increase in trade between Russia and China will change the priority of the American vector of China's development.

China has no special reasons to actively invest in Russia. Beijing is guided by strict economic logic and usually invests either in first world countries that can provide technologies and management practices (USA), or in third world countries that part with resources and acreage relatively cheaply and without unnecessary trouble with labor laws (Sudan, Zimbabwe) . Russia does not belong to either the first or the second category. Judging by the Doing Business ease of doing business ranking, where Russia rose to 51st position in October 2015, China is surrounded by Singapore (1st), Hong Kong (5th), South Korea (4th), Taiwan (11th) and Malaysia (18th). In the Global Opportunity Index rating, which measures the investment attractiveness of the state, Russia occupied 81st position in 2015, Singapore - 1st, Hong Kong - 2nd, Malaysia - 10th, South Korea - 28th, Japan - 17th. Yu. At the same time, in terms of the rule of law, Russia immediately fell back to 119th position, in company with Nigeria and Mozambique.

RUSSIAN MYTHS. Myths about Russia and Russians. Myths about Russia and Russians. Soviet myths about the USSR and the Soviet people. Textbook for adults and children, schoolchildren of all grades, pupils, students and cadets.

In the historiography of China, there are separate areas that pay great attention to territorial issues and the problems of the evolution of China's borders. AT different periods history, these scientific schools gain and lose their popularity. So, some researchers believe that the territorial issue with Russia has not been settled so far, and part of the territories that are now part of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan were once captured by the Russian Empire from China.

Debunking the myth about the collector of Russian lands

Expert opinion on Russian-Chinese relations

Andrey Stolyarov, Dmitry Prokofiev, Maria Matskevich, Dmitry Travin, Rosbalt, St. Petersburg, December 15, 2014

Soon after the proclamation of the Republic of China - in 1916 and 1932. books appeared, the main idea of ​​which was the “return of the lost territories”: the Far East from Kamchatka to Singapore, Bhutan, parts of Afghanistan, India, etc. This was due to the fact that the leadership of China, which was part of the Qing Empire (1644-1912). ), made claims to the entire territory of this empire after its collapse and to all the lands over which the emperors declared dominance according to the ancient Chinese geopolitical concept. "Lost territories" amount to more than 10 million square meters. km. This exceeds the territory of China (9.6 million sq. km).

Mao Zedong also attached great importance to this issue. Mao put forward a global goal: "We must conquer the globe ... In my opinion, our globe is most important, where we will create a powerful state." This led to border conflicts - the Sino-Indian border conflict of 1962, the Sino-Indian border conflict of 1967, the Sino-Soviet border conflicts on about. Damansky, Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979, incidents near the Japanese Ryukyu Islands (Senkaku archipelago).

In our time, these claims are not declared in the foreign policy arena, but are voiced inside the PRC, and this approach has been preserved in history.

The People's Republic of China is building roads on the border with Russia at an accelerated pace. The Celestial Empire will need communications for the rapid deployment of troops in the event of an armed conflict with the Russian Federation. Our country, according to experts, is not able to fight back the southern neighbor suffering from overpopulation and may lose the Far East and Siberia.

However, according to experts, at this stage priority areas China's foreign policy in the medium term will remain Taiwan, Southeast Asia and Outer Mongolia. In addition, Putin's adventurous foreign policy, aimed at confrontation with the West, creates favorable conditions for China for the peaceful "development" of these territories by the Chinese.

Recently, a funny case came out with the cards. Immediately after the annexation of Crimea to Russia, Chinese President Xi Jinping went to Berlin on a visit. There he was met by Mrs. Merkel, who presented Xi with a map of China made in 1735 by the French cartographer Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anvie and printed in Germany. The photograph of the donation itself was shown from only one angle. In such:

There have been reports in the Chinese media that Merkel gave the 1844 map to John Dover. There she is:

The Chinese blogosphere exploded and began to warmly thank Comrade Merkel for such a gift. Everyone perceived this as an attempt by Chinese hands to answer the Russians for our Crimea: go, they say, and return the Far East to yourself! In fact, Merkel gave a card that looks like this:

There is no Tibet on the gift card! Merkel subtly hinted to Xi Jinping: if China tries to behave in the spirit of “Crimea is ours”, we will remind you of Tibet.

AT recent times In the Russian community, the topic of Chinese expansion is being discussed more and more actively, up to scenarios of a military conflict. On the one hand, there is an overpopulation of the North Chinese territories, on the other hand, the half-empty territories of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Due to the sparseness of these regions and their settlement by legal and in many cases illegal Chinese migrants, Russia may face the fact that there will be more Chinese in Siberia and the Far East than Russians. It is possible that later, when there will be more Chinese here than Russians, in fact these territories will be controlled by China, legally remaining with Russia.

We are talking here, first of all, about demographic expansion. In the Russian Federation, accurate statistical records of Chinese migrants have not been established, and there are discrepancies between the data of different departments. According to the Federal Migration Service, at least 300 thousand Chinese enter Russia every year, according to the FSB - 2 times more. Only half come back. According to the Federal Migration Service of Russia, in 2009, 235,000 Chinese citizens had temporary registration, and another 103,000 Chinese temporarily worked under labor quotas at Russian enterprises. If we add to them the Chinese who have received Russian citizenship and are in the Russian Federation illegally, then their number will be more than half a million people.

"Forcing peace" is such a Moscow banter over Putin and Medvedev.

In connection with the continuation economic growth in China, China's need for raw materials will only increase. Thus, Russia, more and more closely tying its economy to its giant eastern neighbor, will gradually turn out to be its raw materials appendage. Russia is considered by China, first of all, as a huge source of raw materials. Thus, in 2009, a program of regional cooperation between Eastern Siberia and the Far East was approved by the Russian Federation and the northeastern provinces of China, which provides for the implementation of joint projects in the infrastructure and economy of both countries. According to the adopted program, many enterprises will be created in Russia with the involvement of Chinese labor. At the same time, most of the production will go to China. A host of joint projects are planned for the coming years in the hydropower, forestry, mining, and oil and gas industries, which are beneficial primarily to China. Consequently, everything is moving towards the fact that the Asian part of Russia will gradually become the property of the PRC.

After President Vladimir Putin's visit to China at the end of May 2014, during which a 30-year contract for the supply of gas from Russia to China worth $400 billion was signed, a sharp surge in Chinese expansion into Russia is expected. Putin during this visit stated that Russia is interested in the participation of Chinese business in the development of the Far East. At the same time, he emphasized that it is important for the two countries not only to trade, but "to form strong technological and industrial alliances, attract investment in infrastructure and energy, jointly promote scientific research, humanitarian ties, lay a solid foundation sustainable development our trade and economic relations for the future."

In early February 1904, Schiff organized a meeting of influential representatives of American industrial and financial circles at his home. He stated: “In the next 72 hours, a war will begin between Japan and Russia. I was approached with a request to provide loans to the Japanese government. I want to hear your opinion on how such actions can affect the position of our co-religionists in Russia.”

After Putin's visit to Beijing, the Russian government effectively approved China's further expansion into the Far East. The Cabinet is ready to turn a blind eye to the mass resettlement of Chinese citizens in this Russian region if they will be engaged in the creation of production there, writes "Moscow's comsomolets". This was discussed at a meeting with Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev on June 2, 2014, dedicated to the development of the Far East. A selection of articles in the Russian press on this topic is published "Headers".

In the myth about the “Slavic roots of Russians”, Russian scientists put a bold point: there is nothing from the Slavs in Russians. The western border, up to which true Russian genes are still preserved, coincides with the eastern border of Europe in the Middle Ages between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia with Muscovy. This boundary coincides with both the isotherm of the average winter temperature of -6 degrees Celsius and the western boundary of the 4th USDA hardiness zone.

Secondly, the overpopulation of the eastern regions of the PRC creates an unreasonable burden on nature and infrastructure, and attempts to limit population growth are half-hearted and at the same time lead to insoluble social problems (another large publication is needed to briefly describe them).

Therefore, considering the current situation in the PRC, it is impossible not to see that external expansion can be the best solution in order to cut the Gordian knot of the country's problems. It will provide a significant increase in the territory and number of natural resources. For this expansion, there is a huge resource potential in the face of "superfluous people" (the unemployed, young men who are not provided with brides due to the strongest gender imbalance, poor peasants). Moreover, the very high unemployment among young people and the "deficit of brides" make high personal losses during the hostilities not only acceptable, but perhaps even desirable for the military-political leadership of the country.

A significant increase in the territory will make it possible to abolish restrictions on the birth rate, which will help, if not completely remove, then significantly mitigate all the social contradictions associated with these restrictions (they are truly dramatic in nature and deserve a large separate discussion). Objectively speaking, territory for China is even more important than resources. In any case, significant funds must be spent on the extraction of natural resources in one's own or occupied territory, or on their acquisition abroad. Territory is an absolute value that cannot be replaced by anything. At the same time, the social problems generated by the overpopulation of the country are much more dangerous for it than the lack of resources and the extremely difficult environmental situation. It is they who lead to a split within society and between society and the authorities, that is, to the delegitimization of the power of the CCP. Just because of social problems, the collapse of the Chinese economy is almost inevitable. Accordingly, external expansion becomes a non-alternative solution for the Chinese leadership.

Unfortunately, its own sparsely populated western part of the country is not suitable for a normal life of people. Tibet is an extreme highland, where permanent residence of unadapted "plain" inhabitants is impossible, and even more so, any serious economic activity. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) is not much better in this regard. Against the background of these regions, Southern Siberia is incomparably more comfortable and favorable in all respects. But Southeast Asia, which we a priori proclaim as the main direction of Chinese expansion, is just very little suitable for such expansion. There is very little territory, few resources (at least much less than in the Asian part of Russia), but there is a lot of local population, and disloyal to Beijing. Therefore, there is no need to engage in self-deception, China has only two areas of expansion - Russia (more precisely, its Asian part) and Kazakhstan.

Of course, Beijing would prefer a peaceful expansion option (demographic and economic), but there may simply not be enough time for it, a critical aggravation of internal contradictions will happen before peaceful expansion gives a practical result. Accordingly, the military option of expansion is absolutely not excluded. A theoretical base, both historical and military, is also brought under it.

No matter how many official statements that China has no territorial claims against us (mostly these statements come from Russia itself for some reason), the Aigun and Beijing treaties, according to which the current border was established, are officially considered unfair and unequal. In the current international law there are no such categories. But China will introduce them when it gains power a little more.

The borders of the Celestial Empire in Chinese

As far as the military component is concerned, special attention deserves the concept of strategic borders and living space, which was developed to justify and legitimize the conduct of offensive military operations by the Chinese Armed Forces. The newspaper of the General Political Administration of the PLA "Jiefangjun bao" about the border of living space said that it "determines the living space of the state and the country and is associated with the inflow and outflow of comprehensive national power", "reflects the power of the state as a whole and serves the interests of its existence, economy, security and scientific activity. The concept is based on the point of view that population growth and limited resources give rise to natural needs for expanding space to provide further economic activity state and increase its "natural sphere of existence". It is assumed that territorial and spatial boundaries designate only the limits in which the state, with the help of real force, can "effectively protect its interests."

The "strategic boundaries of the living space" should move as the "complex power of the state" grows. As the same "Jiefangjun pao" wrote, effective control exercised for a long time over a strategic area that is exercised outside geographic boundaries will eventually lead to their transfer. The concept implies the transfer of hostilities from border areas to areas of strategic borders or even beyond them, while the causes of military conflicts may be difficulties in the way of "enforcing the legitimate rights and interests of China in the Asia-Pacific region." In China, it is believed that the boundaries of the living space of strong powers go far beyond their legal boundaries, and the sphere of influence of weak countries is smaller than their national territory.

The rapid pumping up of the offensive potential of the PLA and the nature of the exercises (they are described in the article “China is ready for a big war”) fit perfectly into this concept.

As for the factor of nuclear deterrence, it is excessive against non-nuclear countries, and it is very doubtful against nuclear ones (to which, alas, China belongs). We must not forget about the extremely low sensitivity of the Chinese to losses (this is their fundamental difference from Western armies). Our trouble is that we truly believe in nuclear deterrence, and this greatly hinders the development of conventional aircraft. Nuclear weapons should be the last argument. We have brought ourselves to a state where it is the first and only. At the same time, as was shown in the article "A Surprise from the Middle Kingdom", the PRC is seriously preparing for a nuclear war. Yes, of course, the Chinese do not want it. But, obviously, they believe that it is permissible as a last resort, because the collapse of the country from within could be even worse. Moreover, in this case it will be possible Civil War using your own nuclear weapons over its territory.

Alas, our military-political leadership sees a threat to Russia in the territorial claims of Latvia and Estonia, whose armed forces in total are weaker than the 76th Airborne Division alone. But China for our bosses is not a threat at all. There is a delusion or a crime here - it is unprincipled, the result will be the same.

A. B. Zubov: "Aggression against a neighbor is the cause of the revolution: The experience of 1905"

Russo-Japanese War, Witte, Stolypin and Nicholas II. Russia, China, Japan, Great Britain, USA, Germany and their role in the Russian revolution.

China announced the beginning of the reform of the armed forces on the American model

In November 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping, during a three-day meeting attended by about 200 senior military officials, announced that the Chinese armed forces would undergo a large-scale reform aimed at increasing their combat readiness with an eye to use outside the country.

As part of the reform, it is planned to unite all types of troops under a single military command, which will be created by 2020, as well as to create "elite combat units". It is supposed to reduce the number of existing military regions from 7 to 4. The last major military reform in China was carried out in 1985 under Deng Xiaoping. Then the number of military districts was reduced from 11 to 7, and the size of the army decreased by 1 million people.

The military reform project provides for the creation of a unified command for the Chinese army, navy, air force and missile forces, Bloomberg previously reported citing its sources. According to their data, it is also planned to reduce the number of officers and traditional ground combat arms with a simultaneous increase in the role of aviation and navy, as they are more adapted to the conduct of modern combat operations.

"This is the biggest military reform since the 1950s," Yue Gang, a retired Chinese army general staff colonel, told Bloomberg. According to him, it will shake "the very foundations of China's military system, built on the Soviet model." He stressed that the result would be an American-style unified command system that would transform the Chinese army into a force to be reckoned with in the world.

According to experts The New York Times, the size of the Chinese armed forces is approximately 2.24 million people, of which 1.6 million serve in ground forces, 400 thousand - in aviation and 240 thousand - in the navy. Despite slowing economic growth, Beijing increased defense spending by 10% to $145 billion in 2015.

Russia undoubtedly has a chance to remain within its current colossal borders.

The statement in the title seems strange only as long as what is happening is considered without a historical retrospective and a geopolitical perspective. And obvious after at least a little analysis.

With the beginning of the confrontation with the West over the annexation of Crimea, the transfer of strategic partnership from Europe to Asia by the Putin-led Federation began to rapidly take place. Already today, just two weeks after the annexation of Crimea, Russian money in London (at least 150 billion of them) is being transferred to Singapore banks. Others (like "Putin's wallet" Timchenko (~60 billion) transfer capital from Europe to Russia. However, with the real prospect of the collapse of the ruble, keeping them in Russian banks means risking turning capital into dust. But where to keep them? In American and European banks it is impossible because assets can be frozen at any moment.In offshores it is just as risky because they can be taken under similar control (see the story with Cyprus).Thus, China - from the point of view of Putin and his "advisers" - becomes a strategic partner of Russia and how buyer of energy resources, both as a banking center and as a global military ally.

However, is it a partnership? To understand this, let us turn to the history of China's relations with Russia and the Russians.

In Russia, they do not remember that during the Golden Horde, Rus' was part of the Chingizid Empire with its capital in Beijing. Where from Karakorum she was transferred by Genghis Khan's grandson Kubilai Khan. The Golden Horde, to which tribute was paid (just like a village on the Yenisei considers Krasnoyarsk to be its chief), was just one of the four regions of the Mongol-Chinese Empire (the ulus of Jochi) - like a union republic when it was the USSR. Rus' was one of the regions of this region, not the largest and not the richest.

The Mongolian Yuan Dynasty was overthrown by the Red Turban Peasants' Revolt. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed the establishment of the Ming Empire and became its first emperor. The new rulers of China were only interested in the Celestial Empire and only it. The lands beyond the heavens were not of interest. Zhu Yuanzhang dissolved the Empire he inherited with a motivation similar to the one that 623 years later prompted Yeltsin to dissolve Soviet Union, created by the Russians on the territory of the three uluses of the Mongol Empire, which the Chinese of the era of the Ming Empire voluntarily ceased to control, but which during the Yuan dynasty was subordinate to Beijing. And in Beijing they remember this very well today and do not forget it for a minute! Calling Russia nothing but a younger sister and considering China's younger sister. Not a brother, not an older sister, not a sister of the same age, but a younger sister. For which the elder brother (China) must strictly look after and manage her life. Therefore, Putin's actions to transfer Russia's partnership from Europe to Beijing in China are perceived as the return of the territories released by the Chinese voluntarily "to free float" under the mother's bosom. The younger sister returned to her family in the East. The younger sister of the Chinese, the Great Steppe, stretching from Vladivostok to the Carpathians, after walking and smoking, voluntarily returned under the patronage and strict control of the Senior Chinese brother. Which will not be strict with - as it should be in the Chinese tradition of the Big Brother. So that she doesn’t walk, she doesn’t lose her head and doesn’t toil with foolishness, not only to scold, but you can also inflate ...

By making China a strategic (as he sees it) partner of Russia, Putin is turning Russia not just into China's raw materials appendage, but into a Chinese province or provinces, one of which Russia was a part of during the Golden Horde. The complete subjugation of the younger sister of Russia by China will go quickly and inevitably. What forms will be used for this? The most diverse from the settlement of empty regions by the Chinese and the construction of ultra-modern cities with a population of a million or more people (the Russians Siberia and the Far East for five hundred years after the “conquest by Yermak” were never settled and mastered, but the Chinese will master-populate) to political and economic dependence , which will be complete. Yes, speaking objectively, it cannot be otherwise with any raw materials appendage and, in general, the seller of any product, having only one buyer for the sale of raw materials ...

The dependence of little sister Russia on Big Brother China, thanks to the actions of Putin, after the inevitable collapse of gas and oil prices induced by the West for several years, will be complete and comprehensive.

There will be no collapse of Russia - China will not allow it. There will be a completely different dissolution of Russia in one and a half billion China.

Thus, the capture of Crimea dramatically changes the geopolitical map of the world. The borders of Europe, which Tatishchev had moved to the Urals, returned to the Dnieper and Don - to where Herodotus had led them. The world of a white (or, politically correct, pale-faced) person, which in Eurasia was considered to stretch from Chukotka to France, with the annexation of Crimea to Russia, DECREASED many times over. Asia (in Chinese guise) immediately spread to the Arctic Ocean and the Urals, and after a short time will come to Moscow. Thinking that he is restoring the Soviet Union, Putin is restoring the territory that was subject to the Mongol emperors of the Yuan Empire. Which settled so much that Marco Polo, who lived at the court of Kubilai Khan for decades, never mentioned that the rulers were Mongols, but called them Chinese. From Beijing, the Moscow authorities will soon receive shortcuts to rule, as under the Horde. Already with next year Chinese should be introduced as a compulsory language for teaching at Russian universities. Chinese will first become the second state language on the territory of the former Siberian Khanate, then as the second state language throughout the Russian province, and then the only state language. The accession of Russia to China, through a referendum, which will be held under the eye of polite little yellow men, similar to the Crimean one, or without a referendum is a matter of 15, maximum 20 years. For some time, Putin (who, according to his biography, never left the Communist Party) will become the head of the Chinese Communist Party of the province of Rus - let's not forget that the Communist Party rules in modern China. The Communists of Russia, under the leadership of Zyuganov, will welcome the union with the Chinese Communists because they will again become the only party in the country. Party of Mao and Lenin!

By reorienting the federation from the West to the East, Putin turns Russia into the Ulus of Rus-Jochi at first. Then, as it shrinks - to the province of Rus. Well, then to the Muscovite region, which, in terms of human resources or economic development, does not pull on the Chinese scale and the province.

Golden Horde (Ulus Jochi)
(self-name in Turkic Ulu Ulus - "Great State")

How will the settlement of Russia by the Chinese begin? For example, China may demand a visa-free regime from Russia. The very one that Russia demands from Ukraine to preserve. Since the Federation has been completely dependent on Chinese purchases of raw materials since the beginning of the conflict with the West, it will not be able to refuse such an offer that cannot be refused. As a result, twenty-fifty-hundred million Chinese may live in Russia in a year. Who will work hard: Turn taiga and swamps into fields, build ultra-modern cities, build ultra-high-speed railways and highways... Granting citizenship to the Chinese working in Russia in an accelerated regime (similar to that arranged for Depardieu) is the next legitimate requirement. After that, there will be a demand for referendums in all regions of Russia, which will go one by one to China. Peacefully and simply, in accordance with the precedent of the annexation of Crimea. There are many options, but the result of all options will be one. Russia will dissolve in China ...

The described course of events in the event that Putin does not back down seems inevitable, natural. Is this good or bad from the point of view of the Federation? The answers may vary, depending on the views of a particular reader. Is this good or bad from the point of view of God and mankind? From the point of view of the White Human Civilization, this is a colossal strengthening of Asia. If we consider Russian Slavs and not the people of the steppes and therefore the Huns (they are also Finno-Ugric peoples), Putin's betrayal of the Slavic peoples, and the white race and the civilization created by people with white skin color is one of the most vile betrayals that have ever happened (although he himself Putin, who did not attend lectures at the Faculty of History, does not suspect this - just like the Russian “Slavic” people, who are rejoicing at the annexation of Crimea, but in reality a multinational people). The Communist Party of Russia (led by Putin and Zyuganov in the province of Russians, the Chinese leaders will probably retain for some time) will become a Communist Party of one of the provinces, something like the Communist Party of Ukraine during the time of the Union. Russia is turning into an appendage of China, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich will shrink to the Moscow Principality of the time of Ivan the Great III, and maybe even just to the borders of Kalita. Russian people in Siberia and Far East will dissolve in the Chinese, in Muscovy it will become one of the small ethnic groups that do not produce anything, influencing world events and even the Celestial Empire (of which it will become a small integral part) without any.

However, from the point of view of the preservation of mankind and from the point of view of the Lord God, nothing terrible will happen from Russia's transition to a Chinese protectorate. On the contrary, the Apocalypse to which Putin is leading mankind will not take place. In its five thousand year history, China has never been an aggressor; the territory of the Mongol Empire was given to it as a voluntary gift from the Mongols, fascinated by Chinese culture. China is interested in cooperation and not in territorial expansion. And that means a new balance will be established. Harmony between Asia from Beijing to the Don, and Europe from the Dnieper to the Channel.

The process of absorption of Russia by China after it is elected by Russia, as it seems to Putin, the General Partner, but in reality the Sovereign, can be slow (over fifteen years), or can be much faster. If, having made Russia China's younger sister, Putin tries to continue military pranks, he will be severely shaken from Beijing with a finger. And if Putin and his entourage continue the tradition of theft, lies, hypocrisy (the worst vices, according to the Confucian tradition, which he mercilessly shoots officials in China), Putin and his comrades will end their lives publicly executed on Tiananmen Square. Or on Red... Not for crimes against humanity (to which Confucian China is philosophical), but for the theft of property by thieves and crooks, who, according to Chinese law, are entitled to the death penalty.

What is said is not fantasy and summary series from the life of aliens, and the future of the Federation, if Putin does not change the path he has chosen for Russia, which will inevitably happen. And for this not to happen, it is not too late for Putin and his comrades to think. He will consult not only with godfathers-generals and accomplices, but also with scientists, with historians, with analysts independent of him. And stop the expansionist paranoia.

THE LARGEST ORGANIZED CRIMINAL GROUP IN THE HISTORY OF MODERN RUSSIA - A GANG OF MURDERERS, RADERS AND EMPLOYEES IS LEADED BY A FORMER SOVIET SCOUT OFFICER.

Recently, and after the start of Russia Forward on the map! (a movement that lasted five centuries at the speed of Holland a Year, stopped in the collapse of the Union but resumed by Putin, especially) every now and then the question arises: will the Federation fall apart? The question is very dangerous because of its repetition. Because when everyone is constantly talking about something, even with a NOT particle, something is bound to happen.

So. Looking at what is happening on a scale of millennia, you come to an obvious conclusion. The territory occupied by the Federation will generally remain unified. This becomes apparent once the pseudo-patriotic chimeras are out of sight. Which were invented to strengthen the integrity of the Russian Empire and the patriotism of the many peoples inhabiting it, while in fact they destroy both.

The basis of the territory of the Federation is the Great Steppe. Which was ALWAYS ruled by one people. Huns, Khazars, Cumans, Mongols, not for long (after the transfer of the capital of the Mongol Empire to Beijing by the descendants of Genghis Khan) the Chinese, but for the last five hundred years Russians. The taiga and tundra in the north were annexed to the great steppe. The Siberian and Far Eastern forests have never been an independent state and have always been ruled by the people of the steppe (remember the Siberian Khanate). The Great Steppe has always been ruled by one dominant people. Therefore, there can be no doubt that after fluctuations tens and maybe even a hundred years long, the unity of the Great Steppe will be restored.

Another thing is which people will govern the vast Euro-Asian space. To date, there are two and only two candidates for this role. Russians and Chinese. Europeans do not seek to rule over Asia, for Pakistan, Iran and Turkey this is unrealistic: speaking in the common people, the guts are thin. Can China replace Russia in this gigantic space? Theoretically it can. Especially if Russia continues its insane and suicidal policy of focusing instead of Europe on China. Becoming his little brother. Without any chance in the long term not to become what it once was (during the century when the capital of the Mongol Empire was in Beijing): part of one of the regions of China. The strength of Russia has always been that it used European achievements without becoming part of Europe. If this policy continues, Great Rus' will also survive.

Over the five hundred years of ruling the Great Steppe in Russia, as in a melting pot, many peoples have been ground and united. Declaring Russians as Slavs, genetically absurd (which studies have proven recent years), was done under Catherine to depict the division of Poland not by conquest, but by fraternal reunification (much like reunification with Novorossia is now). In fact, the Russian people is a conglomeration of many peoples of the Steppes and Siberia, from the Finno-Ugric peoples to the Huns and Polovtsy, with a small admixture of Slavic blood. The arrival of China on the territory of the Great Steppe (from which China in the past was fenced off by the Great Wall in order to defend, not attack) would be a huge geopolitical redivision of the world. artificial. The like of which has never been. And it will not happen if Russia's policy is not passionate, but far-sighted.

Summarizing. Russia has a wonderful chance to survive as a huge Eurasian power from Baltic Sea before Pacific Ocean. But for this, the country must understand its universal role, act not short-sightedly, but thoughtfully.

Y. Magarshak, November 2014

Three sources and three components of modern Russian culture: 1. Europeanized culture of the Russian nobility, originating in the Golden Horde and Great Empire Mongols. 2. Jewish culture of Ashkenazi - Eastern European Jews. 3. The culture of illiterate Russian peasants and philistines. Post-Soviet Russian culture early XXI century is formed from Soviet culture, in which culture elements are returned Russian Empire. This is due to Leon Trotsky predicted back in 1936 and the formation of the estates destroyed by the Bolsheviks from the lumpenized population: nobles, bourgeois, rentiers, entrepreneurs, bureaucrats and self-sufficient intelligentsia.

The official name of China is Chinese People's Republic. The state is located on the Pacific coast of East Asia. By the number of inhabitants, it has no equal on the planet. The population is about 1.38 billion people. it multinational state. China occupies a large territory and has the fourth largest area on the planet. A more complete picture of the features of the PRC is given by detailed map China.

China on the world map: geography, nature and climate

China is located in the center of East Asia. Area - 9.6 sq. km. In addition to land on the mainland, owns about. Hainan and several small islands. In the northeast there is a border with North Korea, with Russia - in the northeast and in the northwest. The northern border separates China from Mongolia. Neighbors in the south are Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Bhutan. In the west - Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Nepal. In the northwest - Kazakhstan.

Hydrography

Pacific seas:

• South China,
• East China,
• Yellow - wash the coast of China in the east.

China's water resources are vast, and yet there is a shortage in the country fresh water. Water sources are unevenly distributed. Eastern China crossed by two major outer rivers Huanghe, Yangtze, whose source is in Tibet. The catchment area of ​​external water bodies is in the ratio of 64% of the entire territory of China.

Inland rivers empty into lakes or get lost in arid lands. The outer lakes of Poyang and Taihu are filled with fresh water. Inland - salty, the largest of them is a lake Qinghai located in the west of China. There are hundreds of salt lakes in the north and west of Tibet.

Relief

The relief of China is heterogeneous and multilevel. Mountains give way to plains, fertile lands to deserts. The Tibetan Plateau, 4,000 km high, extends to the west.

The Himalayas lie between Tibet and the Indo-Gangetic plains. The "heavenly mountains" of the Tien Shan stretch in the north. To the east are the mountains of Sichuan and Central China. At their foot stretch fertile flat terrain.

The mountainous terrain is characterized by many depressions that people use for cattle breeding and mining. The western mountainous regions are seismically active.

On the southeastern and southern coasts, the mountains approach the water itself and form convenient harbors.

The harsh Gobi Desert is partly located on the territory of Northern China near the border with Mongolia. physical map China in Russian shows the country's water resources, topography and vegetation.

Flora and fauna

Of all Asian countries, China stands out for its richness of flora and fauna. More than 6 thousand vertebrate species of animals and fish live here. Small populations of rare animals have been preserved here, among them large pandas, white dolphin , red-footed ibis.

32 thousand species grow in China higher plants. Huge areas are covered with forests. Monsoon forests grow along the Pacific coast, taiga in the northern part of the country, deciduous and mixed forests, in the southern part - tropical forests and savannahs, which make up a quarter of the country's biological diversity.

Some plants grow only in China, these are false larch, metasequoia, fir. The arid regions of western China are characterized by a monotonous flora. The predominant vegetation is herbs and shrubs.

Climate

China on the world map is located within the range of different climatic zones: from subtropical to sharply continental. The main part falls on the zone temperate climate. In summer, the air is hot, and in winter it cools down so much that frosts often occur.

On the south coast, the monsoons determine the weather. Winters are cold and almost rainless, summers are hot and rainy. In the northern territory of the country, the temperature drops to -38 0 C in winter, average temperature- +20 0 C. In the south, the average winter temperature is -10 0 C, summer - 28 0 C.

More precipitation is noted in the southeast, due to the low amount of precipitation in the northwest, deserts have formed.

Map of China with cities. Administrative division of the country

Administrative units are divided into levels:

• provincial level.
• District level.
• County (city level).
• Volost (village) level.
• village level.

Provincial represent 5 autonomous regions(Guangxi Zhuang, Tibetan, Ningxia Hui, Xinjiang Uyghur, Inner Mongolia), 22 provinces and 4 municipalities. It also includes Hong Kong and Macau, which are considered special areas. They administer city units at the county and city levels.

The island of Taiwan (Republic of China) official China considers the 23rd province.

Most cities consist of a center and other settlements: more small towns and villages. Among them there are 4 cities central subordination or municipalities: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing. An online map of China with cities in Russian will allow you to get acquainted with the location of settlements and make a travel route.

Beijing

The capital of China, Beijing, is located in the northwest of the North China Plain. Population - 17 311 896 inhabitants. The metropolis is surrounded by mountains in the north and west, descending to the Bohai Bay of the Yellow Sea in the southwest. It has a continental climate with hot, rainy summers and cold, dry winters. The average winter temperature is -6 0 C, summer - +25 0 C.

Shanghai

Shanghai is a major port of China, located in the delta of the river. Yangtze. Population - 24,180,000 inhabitants. Shanghai has a flat terrain. The monsoon climate dominates here: the average annual temperature is +15 0 C. Summer lasts 110 days, the temperature during this period reaches +28 0 C. In the east of Shanghai, the coast of the East China Sea stretches, in the south it is washed by the Hangzhou Bay.

Tianjin

The city is located on the banks of the river. Haihe in Northern China, 96 km from the capital. It is the third largest city in China with a population of 15,470,000 inhabitants. The relief is flat, in the suburbs there are low rocky formations. Tianjin is located in the continental climate zone with sharp temperature changes. The seasons have clear boundaries. Average annual temperature- 12 0 C. Distance to the sea coast - 50 km.

It’s not for me to tell you that at the word “China” a huge number of various associations appear in the head of any person. Chinese fireworks, the invention of gunpowder, huge dragon dolls and much more. Everyone has their own. Ultimately, they give us the feeling of some other world, completely unknown and unique. Well - it is.

Map of China in Russian online
(The map can be enlarged, reduced, switched to satellite mode. Use the + and - icons to change the scale of the map

China map in Russian geographical

Traveler China will open an amazing unseen world. But let's go in order.

Let us turn to the sights of China, of which there are a huge number even for a fastidious and jaded traveler.

The Great Wall of China is known to be the only human structure that can be seen from space. This is the hallmark of China. Its height is from 2 to 8 meters, but it is long - think about it - 8851 km. Like a snake, it wraps around the mountain passes, attracting the attention of tourists from all over the world.

Exactly like the Gugong Imperial Palace, it was built between 1406-1420 and served as a residence for 24 Chinese emperors of that time from the Ming and Qing dynasties. This huge city has 9999 separate rooms, where, along with historical buildings, antiques and even items of everyday imperial life are preserved.

The most beautiful place in China is the Temple of Confucius, the famous philosopher of antiquity. It is here that the Wall of Reflected Sound rises, extremely popular with tourists, because this wall has amazing property- it is capable of reproducing a human whisper around a perimeter of 64 meters.

As far as nature is concerned, China's climate is defined by drastic differences and fluctuations. atmospheric pressure in winter and summer times of the year. China occupies a fairly large part of the Asian mainland, which in winter tends to cool much faster than the nearby seas.
In general, the climate of China is monsoonal, characterized by clear changes in atmospheric pressure according to the season. But it is interesting that the territory of the country is large and within it you can find surprisingly diverse landscapes, whether it be deserts or humid subtropics.

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The infrastructure of China lives a powerful market life and offers a huge variety of goods, whether it be fireworks or perfumes. True, in Russia there are places for the sale of high-quality elite perfumes http://www.aromamore.ru and, of course, you can choose. However, it is worth noting that the Chinese economy is constantly on the rise, where everyone decides to invest for himself.

In today's article about the provinces of China, we will see the location of each individual province of China on the map. We will also talk about the population in each specific province and find out the name of the capitals. The article is part of a voluminous guide to China.

In China, the administrative division is reduced to the fact that the main territorial unit is the province. If you are wondering how many provinces there are in China, know that there are 22 provinces in China, two special regions (Macau and Hong Kong), as well as four cities of the central government (Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing and Tianjin).

Below you can see each province of China on the map. Some names translated into Russian may differ from those familiar to you, so they are duplicated in English language. Let's take a look at common card with the provinces of China, and then alphabetically list each of them separately.

Provinces of China on the map

List of provinces in China

• Anhui
• Gansu
• Guangdong
• Guizhou
• Liaoning
• Sichuan
• Fujian
• Hainan
• Hebei
• Heilongjiang
• Henan
• Hubei
• Hunan
• Jilin
• Jiangxi
• Jiangsu
• Qinghai
• Zhejiang
• Shandong
• Shanxi
• Shaanxi
• Yunnan

Anhui

Anhui Province is located in the west of China, the capital is the city of Hefei (Hefei), the population is about 60 million people.

Gansu

dominated in Gansu desert area, relatively sparsely populated. The capital of Lanzhou has a population of over 25 million. The famous colorful mountains are located here.

Guangdong

One of the most overpopulated provinces, centered on the city of Guangzhou. According to various estimates, the population reaches 90 million.

Guizhou

Located in the southwest, the capital of Guizhou is Guiyang City. More than 35 million people live in the province.

Liaoning

One of the provinces with access to the sea. The population is more than 42 million, the capital is called Shenyang.

Sichuan

Sichuan is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful. The magnificent nature and mountains make this place very popular among tourists. The population is more than 83 million people, the main city of Chengdu (Chengdu). You can look at Sichuan on a map of China in the picture below.

Fujian

Located near Taiwan, the main city of Fuzhou (Fuzhou), the population of about 35 million inhabitants.

Hainan

Tropical island, main beach resort China. Less than 8 million people live on the island, the capital of the island is Haikou.

Hebei

Quite a large province, very different in landscape in its different parts. The administrative center of Shijiazhuang has a population of just under 70 million.

Heilongjiang

The northernmost part of China. The main city of Harbin is very popular among our compatriots. Many in Harbin are studying or finding work. About 37 million people live in Heilongjiang.

Henan

One of the most densely populated areas in China. The capital city of Zhengzhou (Zhengzhou), the number of inhabitants is more than 90 million people.

Hubei

Neighboring Hubei has a more modest population of around 60 million. The center is Wuhan, one of China's most overcrowded cities.

Hunan

Located a little to the south, Hunan is famous throughout China for its stunning nature. The pearl of Hunan is national park Zhangjiajie. The administrative center is considered to be the city of Changsha (Changsha), about 65 million people live in the province.

Jilin

Located towards the north, with a population of more than 25 million inhabitants, the capital is located in the city of Changchun.

Jiangxi

More than 40 million inhabitants, the administrative center of Nanchang.

Jiangsu

About 75 million, the capital is called Nanjing.

Qinghai

Huge in territory, but practically not populated. A little over 5 million inhabitants, with the center in Xining (Xining)

Zhejiang

The number of inhabitants is about 50 million, the administrative center of Hangzhou (Hangzhou).

Shandong

The population is about 90 million, the capital is in the city of Jinan (Jinan)

Shanxi

Lives more than 36 million, the main city of Taiyuan (Taiyuan).

Shaanxi

The province is popular among tourists in view of the fact that its center is the former capital of China, Xian (Xi’an). The population is less than 35 million inhabitants.

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