Historical formulary
1st Air Defense Division
(military unit 03119)

History reference

And the historical roots of the division, like many other coastal formations of the Air Defense Forces, are connected with the Navy, including in matters air defense.

In the Air Defense Forces of the country in 1956, the basic principles for improving the organizational structure were developed. In particular, it was planned to abolish the directorates of divisions and corps of military branches (aviation and anti-aircraft artillery), and on their basis to create combined arms air defense formations, consisting of units and subunits of all branches of the armed forces. In January 1956, these proposals were reported to the Defense Council by the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces Marshal Soviet Union S. S. Biryuzov. Since the beginning of 1957, parts of the air defense of the Navy and naval fighter aviation were transferred to the Air Defense Forces of the country. And on March 25, 1957, the USSR Minister of Defense approved the Regulations on the Air Defense of the USSR Navy, according to which the task of covering naval bases from the air was assigned to the coastal formations of the country's Air Defense Forces.

1957

In line with Directive of the State Air Defense Forces of the country dated 04.01.1957 No. OMU / 1 / 699515, dated 09.01.1957 No. OMU / 1 / 699520, Directive of the Commander of the Odessa Air Defense Corps dated 03.27.1957 No. 00639, Order of the commander of the Crimean Air Defense Division dated January 23, 1957 No. 002 disbanded:

• Air Defense Directorate of the Black Sea Fleet;
• 746th air defense communication center of the Black Sea Fleet (military unit 63909);
• 1081st command post (military unit 53095);
• 1102 GP RTV Air Defense Black Sea Fleet (military unit 90629).

From 01/23/1957 formed:

• 63rd company of the GP RTV, 222nd communication center;

Order of the USSR Ministry of Defense dated 01/03/1957,
Directive of the Civil Code of the Air Defense Forces of the country dated 09.01.1957;
Order of the Commander of the Odessa Air Defense Corps dated February 1, 1957 No. 004;
Order of the commander of the Crimean Air Defense Division dated January 31, 1957 No. 003.

Consider the formed Crimean Air Defense Division from 01/25/1957 in the following composition:

Directorate of the Crimean Air Defense Division (military unit 03119);

Formations and units of anti-aircraft artillery of the 100th anti-aircraft artillery division of air defense, consisting of:

• Division management;
• 1007th anti-aircraft artillery regiment of medium caliber (military unit 48589);
• 1014th Guards Artillery Regiment of medium caliber;
• 1040th Red Banner Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment of Medium Caliber (military unit 09692);
• other parts of anti-aircraft artillery:
  • 534th separate anti-aircraft artillery battalion medium caliber (military unit 72168);
  • 107th anti-aircraft artillery range (military unit 81246);
  • 169th artillery meteorological station;
  • 596th school of junior anti-aircraft artillery specialists (military unit 15122);

Radio engineering parts:

• 14th Separate Air Defense Radio Engineering Regiment consisting of:
  • Regiment management (military unit 95105);
  • 3122, 3123, 3124, 3126, 1932nd air defense radar companies;
  • 6177, 6179th air defense radar posts;
  • 642nd point of collection and processing of reports;

• 137th separate air defense radio engineering battalion consisting of:
  • Battalion Directorate (military unit 90489);
  • 3127, 2286th air defense radar companies;
  • 6180, 203rd air defense radar posts;
• 20th separate air defense radio engineering center;
• Control and repair automobile station;
• 568th school of RTV specialists;
• 63rd separate company GP RTV division;
• 222nd air defense communication center of the Black Sea Fleet (military unit 03121);
• 760th separate air defense radio relay company (military unit 81368);

181st Fighter Aviation Division, consisting of:

• Division Directorate (military unit 27855);
• 53rd Fighter Aviation Dombrovsky Order of Alexander Nevsky Regiment (military unit 65318) with the replacement of one MiG-17 squadron with MiG-17p;
• 925th Fighter Aviation Shumsko-Kramenets Red Banner Regiment (military unit 78586);
• 355th Fighter Aviation Order of Kutuzov and Alexander Nevsky Regiment (military unit 54808);
• 726th separate communications company;
• 454th radar post (military unit 87343);
• 149th aviation range (military unit 62550);
• 224th aviation repair shop (military unit 33698);
• House of officers;
• 3174th aviation base II category (military unit 62297);
• 776th air base III category (military unit 30987);
• 105th Separate Control and Radio Engineering Support and Aircraft Landing Battalion (military unit 71572);
• 261st Separate Control and Radio Engineering Support and Aircraft Landing Battalion (military unit 26880);
• 326th Separate Fighter Aviation Kerch Twice Red Banner Regiment (military unit 49241, Goncharovka village);
• 442nd separate technical base II category (military unit 03122);
• 32nd separate command and control and radio support and aircraft landing division (military unit 03189).

1958

Disbanded:

• Directorate of the 181st IAD (military unit 27855),
• management of the 355th IAP (military unit 54808),
• management of the 100th ass (military unit 31320),
• 158 PN, 1524 PN, 1525 PN, 1526 PN, 1040th zenap.

1007 and 1014th zenap are referred to as separate zenaps.

53, 326, 925th IAP are directly subordinated to the commander of the Crimean Air Defense Division.

The 276th RTB Special Forces was formed (military unit 03212, Evpatoria). The 276th Special Forces Orb was transferred from the city of Yevpatoria to the city of Sevastopol to cover the base of the fleet.

The 79th school of RTV radar operators was relocated from Chisinau to Kherson.

Fighter aviation

The 326th IAP started re-equipping and retraining for MiG-19 aircraft.

Flak

15 practical shootings were carried out.

Radio engineering troops

Ready for simultaneous wiring:

• 7 and 14 RTP - 20-25 targets;
• 86 ortb - 12-15 targets;
• PU rlr - 8-10 targets;
• GP RTV - up to 40 targets.

1959

As part of the 14 RTP, radio engineering battalions begin to form.

1960

Directive of the Civil Code of the Air Defense Forces of the country dated March 24, 1960 No. OMU / 1 / 454690:

from 04/01/1960, the Directorate of the Crimean Air Defense Division was renamed the Directorate of the 1st Air Defense Division (military unit 03119);
from 04/06/1960 to accept from the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet to the 1st Air Defense Division:

• 62nd Fighter Aviation Regiment (military unit 49222, deployment of air force Belbek);
• 3100th Aviation Technical Base (military unit 49303);
• 147th Separate Flight Control and Landing Battalion.

From August 12 to September 15, 1960, the 53rd IAP was reorganized into the 349th Air Defense Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment (military unit 65318).

Fighter aviation

Conducted firing at ground targets - 780, air battles and interceptions - 2522 with a rating of "good".

Flak

Parts of the 100th backyard carried out 94 firings, the 534th backyard - 12 firings.

Radio engineering troops

172 targets were carried out, 8 of them were stratospheric.

1961

Anti-aircraft missile troops

In February 1961, the 1st division and the 2nd division of the 349th division received the S-75 Desna complexes. On April 15, 1961, the 349th SRP took up combat duty with one division with a readiness period of 11 minutes.

The 1014th zenrap (zrp) was re-equipped with the S-75 Volkhov complex and put on combat duty.

The combat training plan was completed in full, two combat and 88 training firings were carried out with an overall rating of "good".

Radio engineering troops

The 14th RTP was awarded the challenge Red Banner of the Military Council of the Army.

1962

The operational-tactical training plan has been fully implemented.

The division participated in two training exercises with real OdVO goals, in six army training exercises, in the army command post.

Parts of the ZRV mastered new technology S-75 "Volkhov", S-125 and put on combat duty.

March 15, 1962: 349th SRP - the regiment has three combat divisions, one of which is cropped.

In October, the 14th and 7th radio engineering regiments were reorganized into the 16th radio engineering brigade, consisting of 7 battalions and 12 radar companies.

1963

Conducted tactical exercises of units and 9 complex training exercises of the division. Conducted two experimental exercises.

1964

Fighter aviation

Conducted 704 training sessions with real goals, more than 7000 aircraft/sorties.

Anti-aircraft missile troops

114 firings completed.

1965

The division in full strength participated in the exercise conducted by the General Staff Commission, in the exercise of the Command of the Black Sea Fleet, in the inspection of the USSR Ministry of Defense, in two complex army exercises with real goals.

1966

Participation in the exercises: according to the plan of the General Staff of the Air Defense Forces "Kolos", according to the plan of the General Staff of the Navy "Breeze", tactical exercises DA "Screen", in 13 tactical exercises on the interaction of IA and ZRV.

1967

Parts of the division participated in the exercise according to the plan of the USSR Ministry of Defense "Dnepr", four tactical exercises with interacting parts of the 2nd OTBAK DA, in experimental exercises to work out the interaction of IA and ZRV.

Anti-aircraft missile units

Four combat shootings were carried out.

349th srp. In July, the formation of 6 cropped S-125 divisions began.

The composition of the troops of the division:

The 16th airborne brigade conducted 55 foreign aircraft in the Black Sea basin.

The division participated in the exercises "Spring Thunder", "Zenith-68", in the experimental exercise "Arrow".

1968

The 349th air defense regiment was reorganized into the 206th anti-aircraft missile brigade, consisting of: Brigade Directorate, 4th S-75 srdn, 4th S-125 srdn of full strength, 2 srdn of S-125 reduced strength, tdn-75, tdn- 125.

1969

In the 174th air defense brigade, two S-200 missiles were put on combat duty.

In the 206th air defense brigade, 6 S-125 missiles were put on combat duty, including two cropped ones.

The deployment of the Vozdukh-1P spacecraft has been completed in the RTV subdivisions.

The division participated in numerous exercises and command and staff training.

1970

Participation in the exercises "Zenith-70", "Ocean".

The 174th artillery brigade, the 1014th artillery brigade and the 206th artillery brigade carried out live firing, the 62nd IAP carried out 35 firings, the RTV divisions detected and carried out over 120 thousand targets, including jammers.

1971

Participation in the exercises "South" conducted by the USSR Ministry of Defense, the exercises of the troops of the OdVO.

Anti-aircraft missile troops conducted brigade shooting at the ranges.

Radio engineering troops more than 140,000 targets and own aircraft were detected and conducted, of which 700 were at an altitude of less than 300 meters, and over a thousand under interference conditions.

1976

The 332nd zrp was disbanded (military unit 44677, Simferopol).

1979

The 326th IAP (military unit 49241, air force Kirovskoye), the 103rd obato, the 1194th odrps, the 751st combat division were disbanded.

1980

• 1st Red Banner Air Defense Division (Division Directorate, 174, 206 zrbr, 1014 gv.zrp, 3117 prtb, 16 rtbr, 62 iap, 97 obato, 1186 odsrps, 227 US, 358 obreb).

The 206th zrp (3 srdn) and the 1014th zrp (4 zrdn) were re-equipped with the S-75M3 air defense system.

1981

All units performed live firing at the Ashuluk firing range.

1983

During the inspection, a tactical exercise with live firing was carried out from the 174th artillery brigade at the Sary-Shagan range as part of 6 firing divisions, the 206th artillery brigade performed live firing with five divisions, the 1014th artillery brigade performed live firing at the Ashuluk firing range with two divisions.

1986

1st Air Defense Division (military unit 03119, Sevastopol) was accepted into the 8th Air Defense Division from the troops of the Odessa military district.

1987

From April 13 to April 17, a tactical exercise with live firing was conducted with the division at the Ashuluk training ground under the leadership of the commander of the 8th Air Defense Division. During the exercise, the Su-15TM crews of the 62nd IAP were maneuvered to the Privolzhsky airfield.

1988

The 738th IAP, the 100th air defense brigade were reassigned from the 11th air defense to the 1st air defense.

1989

Directive of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR dated January 25, 1989 No. 314/1/00160:

By June 15, 1989, the directorates of the 1st Air Defense Division and the 21st Air Defense Division were reorganized and reassigned to the directorate of the 60th Air Defense Corps (military unit 03119).

The corps administration is stationed in Odessa on the administration funds of the 21st Air Defense Forces.

Troops of the 1st and 21st air defense divisions are included in the 60th air defense division (100, 160, 174, 206, 208, 275 zrp, 1014, 1170 zrp, 902 personnel zrp, 62 and 738 iap, 97, 130 obato , 1186 obs rto, 249 ors rto, 1200 CBU aviation, 265, 259, 260, 348, 822, 816, 492, 963, 1315 PN IA, 398 orrr, 14, 16 rtbr, 358 obreb, 1122 CP, 167 US) .

Management team

Commander of the Crimean division:

• General-Mr. Av. Markelov Andrey Gavrilovich (01/12/1957)
• colonel Titov Grigory Naumovich (09/17/1958).

Commander of the 1st Air Defense Division:

• General-Mr. Selivanov Viktor Grigorievich (10/14/1968)
• colonel Artemyev Vladimir Aleksandrovich (12/20/1978)
• Gen.-Mr. Chelyuskin Gennady Gavrilovich (01/05/1982)
• colonel Tkachev Vladimir Vasilyevich (06/16/1988), appointed com. 60th KPVO (06/29/1989).

Chiefs of Staff:

• colonel Titov Grigory Naumovich (01/14/1957)
• colonel Zhokhov Alexander Ivanovich (08.10.1958)
• colonel Sapega Ivan Nikolaevich (03/12/1963)
• colonel Boltyan Vasily Maksimovich (18.08.1964)
• colonel Gubsky Vyacheslav Samsonovich (21.02.1970)
• colonel Popov Alexander Maksimovich (14.02.1978)
• colonel Dvigalev Nikolai Vasilyevich (03/16/1981)
• colonel Besedin Evgeny Petrovich (24.02.1984)
• p / c Kopylov Alexander Dmitrievich (30.07.1987).

Heads of political department:

• colonel Prokhorov Mikhail Grigorievich (02/06/1957)
• colonel Kobizev Vladimir Nikolaevich (23.06.1960)
• Colonel Nedbaylo Pavel Panteleevich (12.06.1962)
• colonel Kontorsky Vasily Petrovich (24.09.1966)
• colonel Petrochenko Vladimir Stepanovich (24.04.1980)
• colonel Kosachev Boris Georgievich (17.08.1983).

Deputy division commanders:

• colonel Kolesnikov Vladimir Fedorovich (29.07.1960)
• colonel Sugrobov Nikolay Ivanovich (08/01/1962)
• p/p Skrylev Vladislav Dmitrievich (09/10/1979).

Commander of anti-aircraft artillery:

• colonel Tarasov Petr Anatolyevich (08/03/1957).

Commander of anti-aircraft missile forces and anti-aircraft artillery:

• colonel Kolesnikov Vladimir Fedorovich (08.10.1957).

• Heads of the ZRV division:

• colonel Gavrilov Nikolay Abrosimovich
• colonel Goncharenko Stepan Andreevich (1995)

Fighter Commander:

• colonel Martynov Alexander Vasilyevich (03/12/1958).

Deputy Commander for Aviation aviation:

• colonel Kondrikov Alexander Artemyevich (28.06.1986)
• colonel Danilov Nikolai Ivanovich (10/21/1987).

Chief of Radio Engineering Troops:

• colonel Shumov Nikolai Mikhailovich (11/28/1958).

Deputy Commander for Armaments:

• p-to engineer Romanenko Yuri Ivanovich (04/26/1980).

Deputy Commander for Logistics:

• colonel Shilingovsky Victor Ivanovich (28.05.1981)
• colonel Dolgier Dmitry Nikitovich (06/06/1986)
• colonel Gusakov Anatoly Petrovich (04/14/1987).

The 4th air defense division, or military unit 52116, is deployed in the city of Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, not far from the Vodniki platform.

Story

The connection was formed in June 1953 as the directorate of the 3rd sector of the objects of the S-25 system. In the same year, it received the name of the 10th Air Defense Corps. special purpose and included anti-aircraft missile regiments and several supply battalions. The servicemen took up their first combat duty in 1956.
At that time, the command post for launching air defense systems was located in a semi-submerged bomb shelter with anti-chemical and anti-nuclear protection. The fighters were on duty for three days. Also at the command post there was a hall combat control with seats for the commander, chief of staff and other employees. The communication was carried out using radio communication or a two-way loudspeaker. At present, the principle of organization command post remained the same, but the radio communications with the headquarters were replaced by modern communicators.

Emblem of the 4th Air Defense Brigade

In 1970, for all air defense units, which included military unit 52116, full-time vacancies for an operational duty officer and head of a command post were organized. They took up combat duty twice - at 9.00 and at 21.00. At first, information about the situation in the air was processed, all objects were plotted on special tablets. Sometimes the higher management gave commands to assess the circular air situation. To date, the principle of organizing combat duty has remained the same, only employees are at the command post for 24 hours.
In 2009, after the military reform, the corps was reorganized into the 4th Air Defense Brigade and equipped with modern equipment - the Pantsir-S1 self-propelled anti-aircraft missile and gun system.
Since 2014, the brigade has been reorganized into the 4th air defense division. named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant General B.P. Kirpikova

eyewitness impressions

The military camp in which military unit 52116 is located is mainly multi-storey buildings in which officer families live. The town has several shops, a gym, a post office, a canteen and a library. There is a military hospital in Dolgoprudny itself, and sick soldiers are sent there. On the territory of the unit, next to the building of the commandant's office, there is a museum military equipment in the open air, where various air defense systems are exhibited. Also, next to the unit there is a military department where you can buy everything you need - "hoz packages", uniforms, equipment and shoes.

Combat duty by the 4th Air Defense Brigade (Dolgoprudny)

A military sports camp for teenagers aged 13 to 17 is also open on the meringue of the unit. Children live in a tent city, and its daily routine is close to that of the army.
In Dolgoprudny, the soldiers live in a standard three-story barracks, where there is a network of bathrooms and a shared shower room, as well as a rest room and a library. The garrison also has two canteens - for soldiers and officers. Meals are organized by civilians, the cleaning of the barracks and the surrounding area is carried out by the employees themselves. The bathing day is partly held within the framework of the park and economic day, that is, on Saturdays. You can wash uniforms and underwear in the unit (there are several washing machines) or in the laundry on Saturdays.
Before the oath for soldiers, a traditional course for a young fighter is held, which takes about a month. Recruits study the charter, are engaged in drill training and FIZO, and also get acquainted with the peculiarities of service in the air defense forces.
The oath is taken in Dolgoprudny, at 10.00 am. Soldiers tell their relatives the exact date of the event by phone, mobile phones are issued for 30 minutes. The rest of the time, the use of mobile phones is prohibited on all days except Sunday from 20.00 to lights out.

Open air museum next to headquarters

After the oath, the soldiers of military unit 52116 are allowed the only leave for the entire period of service - until 19.00 on the security of their parents' passports. In the future, there are no layoffs, but you can visit the fighters on Sundays, from 11.00 to 17.00 in the visitor's room at the checkpoint. The soldier must inform the unit commander about the arrival of relatives so that he can be released at the checkpoint.
The fighters receive monetary allowance on the card of the Savings Bank of Russia, but there are no ATMs at the unit. The closest to the garrison are located at:

• Moscow Regional Bank - in the Perekrestok store;
• Master Bank - in the Pyaterochka store;
• Sberbank of Russia - in the Pyaterochka store.

Information for mom

Parcels and letters

Training centers

air defense troops
ground forces

106 training center (air defense troops
Ground Forces named after the Hero of the Soviet Union
Marshal of Artillery V. I. Kazakov)

From the moment the Krug anti-aircraft missile system was adopted by the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces in 1964, it became necessary to train specialists capable of implementing it efficiently and with high efficiency. combat capabilities. To solve this problem on the basis of the Directive
General Staff Armed Forces In the USSR in 1965, in the city of Orenburg, the formation of a training anti-aircraft missile center for the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces began, which was given the name "Military Unit 40265".

The formation of the training center was completed on July 20, 1965. To commemorate this event, by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR,
part day - 20 July.

Colonel A. I. Dunaev was appointed the first head of the training center, who in 1967 was awarded the military rank of Major General.

Kileev Dmitry Alexandrovich

head of 106 educational
colonel

His deputies were Colonels I. M. Pospelov, P. I. Gubin, V. I. Vodolazhenko and Lieutenant Colonel A. I. Shaikin.

Colonels V.N. Somov and V.V. Branitsky became the chiefs of cycles, and Lieutenant Colonel P.I. Mikhailov became the head of the school for sergeants. These officers were at the origins of the creation of the training center.

The most active part in the formation of the training center was taken by front-line officers who arrived from the Bogodukhov training anti-aircraft missile center of the Kyiv military district.
Thanks to their knowledge combat experience and initiative as soon as possible
timeline has been set up
educational and material base, trained personnel and formed a military team.

106th Training Center (Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces)

Heads of the 106th training center of the air defense troops

In 1989 for combat use The S-300 V air defense system in the training center began to retrain officers and warrant officers. In 1992, the training center began training junior specialists for the Tor air defense system and the Osa air defense system.

In 1993, the training of ensigns for our branch of service began at the training center. In January 1997, the training center began training foreign military specialists, which is successfully continuing at the present time.

In 1998, the training center began training junior specialists for the Buk air defense system and its modifications. In the second half of 2008, teachers from the disbanded
Orenburg Anti-Aircraft Missile School: Reserve Colonel A. K. Detkin, Reserve Lieutenant Colonel V. A. Piunov,
candidates of technical sciences lieutenant colonel R. R. Grigoriev, major R. R. Grigoriev, candidate of pedagogical sciences lieutenant colonel D. G. Alexandrov, teachers lieutenant colonel A. A. Kosvintsev, major V. A. Starukhin. These specialists have significantly raised the level of methodological training of the teaching staff.

In the course of ongoing reforms in the Armed Forces Russian Federation in October 2012, the training center became part of the 473 interspecific district training center of the Central Military District.

Since May 1, 2013, on the basis of the directive of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation 106, the Air Defense Forces Training Center has been reorganized into a separate military unit. In 2013, the training center carried out repair activities
and equipment of the educational and material base of the training center.

On July 1, 2014, the 106th training center (of the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces) was included in the military units subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces. Over the 50 years of the existence of the training center, 58 anti-aircraft missile brigades and 10 anti-aircraft missile regiments have been retrained, more than 66 thousand cadets of the school of junior specialists (training division), about 1000 warrant officers, more than 20 groups of foreign military specialists have been trained.

Today, the modern educational and material base of the center allows solving the problems of training and retraining specialists for S-300 V4 air defense systems, Buk-M1-2 air defense systems, Buk-M2 air defense systems, Tor-M1 air defense systems, MANPADS, radar stations of the old park and driver mechanics.

The training center annually participates in regional competitions - the Army Games of the Orenburg garrison. In 2013, the training center won first place in these games. In 2014, the center took an honorable second place in the XVI Army Games of the Orenburg garrison.

In 2014, the center represented the Ground Forces in the third final stage of the All-Army Spartakiad in military applied sports, taking first place in the military all-around.

On September 10, 2015, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 452, the training center was given the honorary name "named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Marshal of Artillery V. I. Kazakov."

726 training center (air defense troops
Defense of the Ground Forces)

The 726th training center for the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces was formed on November 1, 1992 in the city of Yeisk, Krasnodar Territory. Thus began the history of the educational
center, which is inextricably linked with the development of the air defense forces of the SV. A great merit and role in the formation and formation of the training center belongs to Colonel-General B. I. Dukhov, who successfully led the troops from 1991 to 2000, a man obsessed and completely faithful to his kind of troops.

The formation and development of the training center took place on the funds of the 4770th base for storing equipment weapons (air defense troops) and 181 training ground(anti-aircraft artillery) of the North Caucasian Military District under the leadership of Colonel R. Sh. Kasimov, who arrived to serve as the chief of staff of the training center from the 285 training center of the Air Defense Forces in the city of Mary (Turkmenistan). Deeply delving into all aspects of the life and activities of the educational institution, he passed on his knowledge and experience in the training of anti-aircraft gunners.

Complex and multifaceted tasks faced the staff of the training center in the period of its formation. It was necessary to create a classroom and field material base for the successful organization of the educational process, convert unheated storage facilities for weapons and equipment into educational buildings with comfortable classrooms, create and equip parks for equipment and weapons, build housing for families of military personnel and foreign military specialists. These tasks were solved under the leadership of colonels
A. I. Motria, N. A. Shkerlich, V. A. Zaitsev, A. N. Vovchenko and many
others who stood at the origins of the formation of the training center.

Grishkov Sergey Anatolievich

head of 726 training
center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces),
colonel

In this great work, the staff of the training center rallied. The core of the teaching staff at the time of the creation of the center was formed by officers of the 258th training center of the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces, lieutenant colonels N. A. Nechunaev, V. A. Lipetsky, A. L. Dubljakov, A. G. Bushkov, majors A. V. Pronin, S. P. Bezprozvanny, V. I. Lantushko, E. A. Domoretsky.

They laid the foundation for the work of teaching officers, preserving the principles and traditions of military pedagogical activity.

Colonel L. V. Baklitsky was appointed the first head of the training center in 1993. Thanks to his talent and organizational skills, skillful reliance on the creativity and initiative of his subordinates, he was able to quickly create a unique educational material and technical base for the education and training of specialists for the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces, to delve into all aspects of the life and activities of the educational institution.

726th Training Center (Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces)

In 1993, on the basis of the 726th training center, experimental live firing of the Tunguska air defense missile system was carried out with the participation of officers from the 167th training center (the city of Emba). In 1995, at the training ground of the training center, tests of the Beaver target complex were carried out and a study was made of the capabilities of the Tunguska air defense missile system, the Strela-10 air defense missile system, and the Igla MANPADS for firing at it. In 1996, the officers of the training center took an active part in the first stage of state tests of the automated control system by the air defense group of the tactical level "Tangent" and in the performance of experimental firing of the "Igla" MANPADS
in night conditions.

Since 1995, the training of foreign military personnel has begun at the training center. AT different time more than 10 air defense specialists were trained foreign countries, in particular Eritrea, India, South Korea,
Armenia, Malaysia, Morocco, Egypt, Sudan and others.

From 1997 to 2002, the training center was commanded by the candidate of military sciences, Colonel V. I. Kozyr, whose businesslike attitude, creativity and initiative made it possible to improve the life of the personnel and improve the quality of training of military specialists.

In 2000, prototypes of anti-aircraft weapons (Tunguska-M1, Shilka-M4, ZU-23M, ZUR 9M333) were tested at the training center with demonstration live firing for foreign military delegations.

In 2002, the teachers of the training center developed a methodology for performing live firing at the Saman, Beaver and Phalanx targets. Starting this year, live-fire exercises have been held at the anti-aircraft missile and artillery range of the center as part of an anti-aircraft division. A methodology for the application of methods for protecting helicopters has been developed and tested army aviation from the defeat of MANPADS in the performance of combat missions during the counter-terrorist operation in the Chechen Republic.

The simulators "Kupol" and "Multivibrator" were tested for training MANPADS anti-aircraft gunners.

From 2002 to 2008, the training center was commanded by Colonel A. A. Korolev, an experienced leader with high organizational skills. Under his leadership, a training base was created at the training center for the training of specialists from the Buk air defense system, the Tor air defense system, the Osa air defense system, the Tunguska-M1 air defense missile system, the Assembly PPRU-M1;
the educational and material base of the school of junior specialists has been improved. Promising training aids have been widely introduced into the educational process.

In 2004, the main efforts of the center's staff were aimed at creation a classroom educational and material base for training specialists of the Buk M1-2 air defense system and testing the 9F635M simulator complex.

In 2005, the training center successfully completed the tasks of providing operational-special training, conducted by the head of the military air defense, Colonel-General N. A. Frolov. In the same year, in the process of training troops, the methodology developed at the training center for conducting tactical exercises with the performance of tasks on the tactical firing line was introduced and tested.

In 2007, the first retraining of a group of foreign military specialists (Arab Republic of Egypt) was carried out on the air defense system medium range"Buk-M1-2".

Colonel L. V. Baklitsky
(1993–1997)

head of 726 training
center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces),
colonel

In May 2008, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Colonel S. A. Grishkov was appointed head of the 726 training center for the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces.

The main training units of the training center are training cycles: firing and combat use of anti-aircraft missile systems, combat vehicles, anti-aircraft missile and artillery weapons.

Training cycles are the center of educational, methodological, rationalization and educational work parts. A training division is intended for the training of junior specialists for military air defense. The main body for planning and organizing the educational process and educational work with foreign military personnel is a special department.

Parallel to educational process the teaching staff participates in the conduct of technical training with the BS of units and subunits of the Air Defense Forces, the Navy, the 12th GUMO of the Russian Federation at the Kapustin Yar and Telemba training grounds, takes part in the exercises of the air defense troops of the North Caucasian Military District and shows new types of training equipment, assists in the restoration
combat readiness of weapons and military equipment samples for units and subunits that arrived at the training ground.

Colonel V. I. Kozyr
(1997–2002)

head of 726 training
center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces),
colonel

Officers also take part in testing new types of weapons and training equipment. So, in 2006, the teacher Major M. M. Danilevich became the laureate of the S. I. Mosin Prize in the field of development and creation of new samples
VVT for participation in the modernization of the new generation complex simulator 9 V810M1 ZPRK 2K22M "Tunguska" for training and subsequent training of calculations of ZSU 2S6M.

In 2010, the officers-teachers of the training center took part in the training of foreign military personnel of the Republic of Sudan in the specialty of the Osa air defense system. In 2010 - 2012 on the basis of the training center, the training complex for the training of air defense units of the combined arms formation (“Calculation-Air Defense”) was tested.

In 2011 - 2013 passed in the center successful trials and a decision was made to adopt a system for ensuring safety requirements during live firing anti-aircraft systems short-range action and monitoring of their compliance ("Konglomerat-1P"). In August 2015, on the basis of the training center, competitions of air defense specialists were held within the framework of the international "Army Games-2015", in which the military personnel of Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia took part. The staff of the training center takes an active part in the education of pre-conscription youth - classes are held in the educational institutions of the city and the region, the center's specialists also participate in training sessions with schoolchildren of the city and the region.

Colonel A. A. Korolev
(2002–2008)

head of 726 training
center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces),
colonel

A great contribution to the formation and development of the training center was made by lieutenant colonels P. V. Matveev, A. G. Bushkov, V. I. Volosov¸ A. I. Stadnichenko, majors I. I. Naboichenko, V. P. Matveev, D. V. Kazymov, K. V. Shtompel, A. P. Goncharov, A. V. Kalinkin, V. V. Manuilov, L. V. Volkov, A. L. Kruchinin, A. V. Kovalev, captains A. V. Breider, Yu. V. Kudrya, I. Yu. Merzlyakov, S. E. Parafeinik, senior lieutenant I. V. Shanev, senior warrant officers A. T. Churikov, V. A. Dzyuba, D. I. Bobrovskikh, foreman V V. Kazakuts, S. A. Gladkikh and many
other.

To date, the 726 training center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces) is rightfully considered one of the best training centers in Russia for the training of military air defense specialists. The educational material and technical base of the center allows conducting tactical exercises with live firing of military units and air defense units of the Ground Forces at a high level, Coastal troops Navy and Airborne Troops, provide conditions for testing promising models of weapons and military equipment for air defense at the tactical level, as well as train air defense specialists for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other countries. The training center continues the traditions laid down in parts in previous years, the simulator and field training material and technical bases are being improved, the main activity of the management staff of the training center remains to improve the quality of the educational process.

Colonel S. A. Grishkov
(from 2008 to present)

head of 726 training
center (air defense troops of the Ground Forces),
colonel

167 training center (air defense troops
Defense of the Ground Forces)

The 25th radio technical air defense regiment or military unit 86655 is deployed in the village. Nesterovo, Ruza district, Moscow region. Until 2015, he was in the city of Krasnoznamensk, Moscow Region, from where he was redeployed due to a lack of housing stock for officers and contract employees. The unit is part of the 4th brigade of the aerospace defense.

Story

The unit began to form in the autumn of 1952. On November 24, the 220th technical radio center was created. In July 1953 he became part of the 17th Special Purpose Corps. In the fall of 1976, the corps, which included the current military unit 86655, was transferred to the village. Goretovo, Moscow region. In 1970, the connection was awarded the Red Banner.

Chevron 25 radio regiment

In 1986, the 220th Radio Engineering Center was reorganized into the 2320th Radio Engineering Battalion. In 1988 - in a separate radio engineering battalion. In 1996, the 2319th separate radio engineering battalion became part of the formation, and it received the name of the 25th radio engineering regiment. On December 1, 2011, the unit became part of the aerospace defense forces. Currently, the regiment performs the task of providing information about the situation in the airspace of air defense units, electronic warfare, and aviation equipment.

eyewitness impressions

Nesterovo is a village in one of the parts of Bolshoi Moskolets. In fact, it is a military town located near the village of Staraya Ruza.

Little is known about the material and living conditions of the soldiers of military unit 86655. Eyewitnesses say that they are settled in standard barracks. Hazing and hazing are not noted.

On the territory there is a sanitary unit and a dining room. The food, according to the opinion of the servicemen themselves, is not bad. The presence of the chip is unknown. There is no hospital in Ruza, its role is sometimes performed by the regional hospital. The nearest military hospital is in Pushkino, where sick people can be sent.

Monetary allowance for employees of such a unit as military unit 86655 are received on the VTB-24 card. There is no ATM in the village, a MIN-bank terminal is installed at the checkpoint, which periodically does not work. Relatives can send postal money orders using the Cyber ​​Money or Forsage systems (Russian Post services).

Phones are deposited with the unit commander. They give out mobile phones for calls to relatives only on weekends. On the territory of the village there is coverage of the main Russian operators - Megafon, MTS and Beeline.

Two years ago, inspired by this essay, I decided for myself that I would definitely go and find the place where I served in the Soviet Army for 2 years. And I served in the missile division, of which there were quite a few in the Karelian forests. Code name "Square". "Tochka" was part of the first circle of defense of the air defense of the heart of the Soviet Union - Moscow. And it was the most deaf of all air defense missile divisions located around Petrozavodsk. There was not a single one within a radius of 10 kilometers. locality, so the most difficult thing was to find this place after almost 30 years. Google maps and memories that stuck in my memory for the rest of my life helped.

S-75 "Dvina" missile on a launcher (according to the classification of the US Defense Ministry and NATO - SA-2 Guideline). Photo: site

And it all started, as I said, with the map. I tried to find the place of my unit on the map for a long time. I knew the landmarks on the ground poorly, since they took us out of the forest very rarely, and we always rode in a covered iron body, called a kung. Therefore, the only hope was that I remember the approximate location of the missile battalion (plus or minus 20 km) and what our unit and roads looked like in a combat position.

Even 10 years ago, Google maps in that place gave out a very indistinct picture, so I never found it, but three years ago I still managed to do it! I determined it precisely by the characteristic pattern of the glades.

Look up from the star and you can see the circle. This was the combat position, there were rockets in a circle. In the center was equipment that provided target tracking, guidance and launch of missiles. Looking ahead, I’ll say that there were practically no traces of the unit left on the spot. A casual passer-by will never guess that it was here 30 years ago.

Therefore, let me first show you the "dot" on my not very high-quality army photos, well, I'll tell you about the service. Then we will see what I saw with a friend there this summer and at the end about the story of the downed intelligence officer 55 years ago.

Photo 1. Smoking room at the entrance to the unit. The same place marked with an asterisk on the Google map.

Photo 2. I called late autumn 1988, when no one even thought about the collapse of the USSR. Two weeks of "quarantine" after we were brought by train to Petrozavodsk from the "monkey" in Tallinn, I spent in the military camp "Buran" (the village of Novoe Lososinnoye), where a more modern air defense system S-125 was stationed. I remember "Buran" with snowdrifts, 3 km runs. every morning, not like autumn winter, the whole barracks with recruits, the first corns from incorrectly wound footcloths and the clearing of the whole stadium in the middle of the night for the solemn acceptance of the oath. Oh yes, even before that there was a haircut with a mechanical machine in a cold bath to zero. It was not in vain that experienced people said - go to the Army already bald

What is left of Buran can be seen in this video. Now it is a well-known object for "stalking" in certain circles.

After taking the oath, several recruits, including me, are taken to the very wilderness - the Kvadratura division with S-75 missiles. In the photo the first New Year in the army. The hair has already grown back a little.

Photo 3. And it's already spring next year. The first of two leaves for the entire service in Petrozavodsk. In general, employees usually walked more often, but I had the share of being the permanent and only operator and part-time commander of the calculation of the RRS (radio relay communications).

Photo 4. Here is my "cabin", covered with disguise. As they sang in our most killer army song, composed by guys from the neighboring division, "we are inhabitants of iron cabins." I immediately apologize for the quality, but you yourself understand that all the photos were taken illegally on the killed "Change" camera and appeared secretly from the officers in the supply room of our "secretary" (fortunately he was my fellow countryman)

Photo 5. And here is the resident of the cabin

Now I will tell you what I did there. Radio relay communication was similar to modern mobile communication. In general, all negotiations with the command post and other technical data that were exchanged missile battalions when they were on combat duty(and they were every second month of the year), they went through special cables laid between the parts. But if for some reason the connection failed (especially important, of course, in war time), then the finest hour of radio relayers came. We provided communication over the air using directional burdock antennas. This is probably why these stations were codenamed Cycloid. Here is a more modern photo of her from the Internet.

Radio relayers also ensured the transmission of highly secret encrypted data, those that were easier to intercept over wires. To do this, the station was turned on and a special apparatus gave out a ribbon with holes, that is, a punched card. Then a specially trained warrior-"secretary" took it to his office and deciphered it only in a way known to him. By the way, the "secretary", oddly enough, was a conscript. In my case, a Russian guy from Tallinn with an Estonian surname Randoya.

Photo 6. But this, fortunately, happened very rarely and the main duty was to turn on all the equipment that was located on numerous racks every three hours and get in touch with the command post, which was located in the village of Vilga. It is there that a monument to the air defense soldiers will then be erected (see below ..).

I slept in the same cabin, since I had to get in touch at night as well. Therefore, I could sleep during the day at any time and in general I was special, which not one officer dared to touch. Just such a moment was caught by the political officer when he came to take a picture of me on the honor roll, and I, with a sleepy face on my face (they rewarded me for quickly mastering the profession, even with vacation to his homeland two months after the start of the service, although they were released only after a year and a half, when he brought up the shift).

Photo 7. Now let's go further along the combat position. As I already said, each division was on combat duty for the protection of the airspace of the USSR for a month, and the second month rested, or rather spent maintenance work, personnel training, roll-up and roll-out exercises (the unit was mobile, that is, everything was on wheels and in time, if memory serves, it had to turn around in 4 hours from the moment it arrived at the point to the ability to carry out combat duty. They left for their service to similar exercises several times within Karelia and once to the largest air defense range in Kazakhstan (Saryshagan), though without their own equipment (the exercises were held on equipment that was already at the range).

This is the most important missile guidance station. It created a beam along which the rocket went, and the task of the combat crew was to keep the target. Manually! These are modern air defense systems that operate fully on automation, and then everything depended on the operators. Therefore, even in the 80s, the S-75 was considered the most reliable. And of course, only the officers performed the most responsible work. Yes, and all the equipment worked on lamps, like TVs of that time. Some lamps were larger than a human head! And how much copper was in them !!! But then they were lying around useless, color fever will come a little later ...

Better photo from internet

Photo 8. The guidance calculation was engaged in this. I was listed in the support calculation, which included, in addition to my cockpit, another radar station, which actually detected the aircraft (in fact, it was also a backup in case of autonomous operation of the division - all data on the aircraft came from the command post, where there were more powerful and modern radars ).

Photo 30.
In the photo, it’s just me and the radar operator Roma Buchma from Ukraine.

In general, I should have been in his place, because in front of the Army in Tallinn, from the military registration and enlistment office, I studied for three months as a radar operator and a tablet operator (this is the one who marks targets on a transparent stand, who watched "Return move", will remember this moment.

We taught in Tallinn on Lai Street right in the old town (here, see photo. First floor, windows to the right of the entrance).

We lived in a hotel. They also accrued 50% of the salary, at that time I was already working! It was a very fun time

This is how this very radar station looked from the side (photo from the Internet), which I did not get to. A machine with a rotating antenna and next to it is always a hardware one. All based on "Ural". Beast machine. I had a chance to ride on the exercises behind the wheel.

When they told me that I would not serve on the radar station, I was upset. Three months in vain studied chtoli. But my mentor from Odessa, whom I had to urgently replace, since he was about to be demobilized, told me that I would have the most thieves service of all conscripts. And the heaviest thing you will lift, he said with Odessa humor, is this metal mug with tea. A little later, I realized what he was talking about. True, all the same, there was one position more abruptly than mine. This is the personal driver of the division commander. But I doubt that, apart from the mug, he did not lift anything heavier.

There was also such a monstrous altimeter antenna at our support position. Determined the height of the target. The most headache officers. Too capricious, very often broke down. Still, what mechanism can withstand waving such an antenna up and down for a long time. I took this photo from the height of my antenna with burdocks, I specially climbed for this.

Photo 9.

By the way, my antenna looked like this from the side (photo from the Internet)

And the last cabin attached to our calculation. She is the most modern and secret. It was surrounded by a double row of barbed wire, and only one officer assigned to it had the right to enter it.

This is a "requestor" friend or foe. That is, according to especially secret algorithms, the equipment requested the target from all the aircraft that the radar caught, in order to belong to their own. If there was no answer, then the target is enemy and you can shoot it down. Now I understand why this car was so secret?

Photo 10. And this is our position with combat missiles, taken again from my antenna. Oh, and it would fly to me from the officers if I were caught doing this. On the right side of the photo you can see the edge of one of the "plates".

Here is an approximate diagram of the starting positions of the S-75 division. In the middle is always a command post and underground bunkers for personnel in case of bombing. People lived there for the whole month while they were on combat duty. They even brought food to them. It is this circle that is barely visible in the first satellite photo.

Photo 11.
And here is the launcher itself. Its maintenance was carried out by "starters". These guys were not lucky, they were chased in the tail and in the mane. Each calculation had to charge such a rocket that the TZM-ka (transport loading machine) would bring in a matter of seconds. Each number had its own duty, like in a Formula 1 team at the pitstop. Only so healthy combat missile place, it's not for you to change 4 wheels. They jumped like acrobats in a circus.

And their duty was to maintain the missiles, including the removal of snow from the entire starting position. And the snow in Karelia was then heaps! In general, the guys from the Army came with awesomely pumped health. We, the inhabitants of the cabins, "starters" jokingly contemptuously (but probably with envy in our souls), called hemorrhoids

Photo 12. These are spare missiles

And yet they had to be protected. Day and night! This was done by the guards. In it, each department was obliged to allocate soldiers, who, of course, were exempted from their other military duties for the duration of guard duty. In the forest at night it was not very pleasant to stand at the post for two hours. There was a case, one of us opened fire with a fright, it turned out that the beast. But it turned out later, though they didn’t want to take out such rubbish from the hut. They wrote it off as real encroachers on the military unit, and the guy was given a vacation home for this.

Photo 13. Another anecdotal incident involved Matthias Rust flying across the border in the Kohtla-Jarve area and landing his sports plane on Red Square a year before I went to serve.

It happened on May 28, and on that day there was a subbotnik in each air defense unit, and the so-called PVN (visual observation point) was built at the combat position in the center, where soldiers were supposed to be on duty day and night. At this point, there was a DShK heavy machine gun and signs with silhouettes of light aircraft of various models were placed. The bottom line is to identify the enemy in a low-flying target and open fire on it. Here is such an air defense.

Photo 14.

Photo 15. For the entire service, except for a couple of dismissals and home leave, I saw civilians in the unit itself only once. They were mushroom pickers with drooping jaws. Still, you are walking in a dense forest, and then suddenly this! The inscription on the pillar - "Stop shooting. Stop, danger zone"

Photo 16. The guys from the guard lent equipment to take pictures. I myself have defended only once in quarantine on the nightstand in my entire service. On this all my "outfits" and ended. So it was a sin to complain about the service

Photo 25.

Photo 17. True, another problem appeared - too much free time. It was especially gloomy when the division was not on combat duty and after 5 pm everyone went to the barracks. So he had fun as much as he could.

Photo 18. I learned to play chess well (on the left, the teacher, a guy from Ukraine, could play without looking at the board).

Photo 19 Still cut friends. Yes, yes, the unit did not have its own hairdresser, so who was capable of what. They say it turned out not bad, even the officers at first began to go to me, but I brushed it off - I began to hack on purpose. I was also very sorry that I could not unfasten my head and cut it the way I needed

Photo 21.
By the way, they say the gypsies did not serve in the Soviet Army. Lies! Alyosha Shashkov, second from the left, is the purest gypsy, a great cheerful guy. The third from the left is my only sidekick, with whom he maintained relations even after the Army, not counting, of course, the Narva colleague, this goes without saying. He lived right on Nevsky Prospekt in St. Petersburg. Unfortunately, two years after the demobilization, he was poisoned by carbon monoxide from a gas column to death.

Photo 22.
In the middle is the same secret from Tallinn. In general, we had only two pure Estonians in the unit. One quit almost as soon as I got into the unit, and he served ... as a pigsty. With part of their pigs were, so he was engaged in them. Then another farmer, only from Ukraine, took his place. The second Estonian appeared in the unit after a year and a half of my service. I didn't even see him. A couple of days after his appearance, my mother arrived, supposedly on a date, and agreed with the taxi driver in advance that he would drive up to the unit at night. By tradition, on the day of the visit, a soldier is allocated a room with the opportunity to spend the night. So instead of spending the night, mom took her son away. It was already 1990 and all this talk about secession. Naturally, things never came to the dizbat that shone on the young fighter. Yes, he was simply not even found in Estonia, although they were looking for it. A special representative traveled from the unit to Estonia.

Photo 23.
In general, two hefty guys from Lithuania and two from Kaliningrad also served from the Baltic states (in the photo they are standing with their "spirits"). Kaliningraders served as drivers and thanks to them I learned to ride all kinds of wheeled vehicles.

Photo 26

Photo 24.
There were especially many guys from Kazakhstan. Great guys. Here is Sergeant Bekbulatov, a funny kid with inimitable plasticity and a sense of humor from my draft. He rose to the rank of chief diesel operator.

Photo 27.
The first on the left is the most countryman of all countrymen. Petruha Kozyrev from Narva. He was in charge of wire communications. So for 2 years all communication on the "Quadratura" was based on Narva!

Photo 28.
And another way to kill free time

Photo 29.
And maybe so

Photo 31.
One of the main skills acquired in the Army is the ability to play the guitar. It was purchased by many, but I also inherited a guitar, subsequently painted with the names and murals of my entire call. In the photo, she and the land from Narva.

Photo 32.

Photo 33.
100 days to order lined with dandelions

Photo 34.
A party about the release of the demobilization order. Pictured is my call. The top row, with the exception of one Moldavian, is solid Ukraine. The bottom in the middle are the same two Lithuanians. Naturally, they were the most important starters. Together, without TZM-ki, they could grab a spare rocket, bring it to the starting position and put it on the launcher (just kidding)

Photo 35.

Photo 36

Photo 37.

And I’ll add a little more about the landfill in Kazakhstan. Just before the demobilization, we were loaded into a letter train with warm cars and went with the whole division to the shooting range, where we had a chance to see the launch and flight of these beauties. Photo from the Internet.

Other systems were fired there, up to the most modern S-300s. But only ours, s-75, started so spectacularly. Baba, a second and rockets are no longer visible. Shooting was carried out at real targets - remotely controlled blanks simulating an airplane.

We shot at 5-ku, I remember the officers were very pleased, so much so that half of the demobilizations were sent home directly from the training ground.

Well, now a photo from a trip 29 years after demobilization. I’ll tell everyone who still doubts whether or not to go where they served. Ride for sure! Just take with you preferably an old reliable friend. Not only will you get a huge charge of nostalgia at the very end point, but there will also be something to remember along the way. I also brought home a piece of brick from the checkpoint and a piece of radio tube

Photo 1. Some photos on the way there

Photo 2.

Photo 3. The village of Vilga and the memorial erected to rocketmen, including those who defended the sky back in World War II

Photo 4.

Photo 5.

Photo 6.

Photo 7.

Photo 8.

Photo 9.

Photo 10.

Photo 11. And now what is left of my part. Unfortunately, I did not take a picture of the road along which I had to get. It was not easy, at first I had to return, because it was impossible to drive, and if it weren’t for my faithful companion, who encouraged me in difficult times, I would have spit on the idea to get to the point by car, which is not at all intended for extreme roads. But in the end we found a more convenient check-in and just 40 minutes after the highway we were at the place where I repaid my debt to the Motherland for two long years. As they said then "The army is two pages torn out at the very interesting place from the book of life. Maybe so it is, but I do not regret anything. And this trip stirred up a lot of memories, and only positive ones!

Remember the photo with the smoking room at the beginning of the story? Here you can see these birch trees with painted trunks. They grew right under the windows of the soldiers' barracks. In total, there were three barracks at the point. One for soldiers, one for officers and their families, the third is a canteen with a club. Plus, its own bathhouse and a stoker, which heated all this simple household in the winter.

Photo 12. This is all that remains of the barracks

Photo 13.

Photo 14.

Photo 15.

Photo 16. It is amazing how nature for 25 years (the division moved out in 1992) destroyed almost all traces of this military town.

Photo 17. And this miracle is a huge overgrown meadow with wild strawberries, which, apparently, were grown by their wives near the officers' barracks. Small but tasty. We even ate! So part thanked their guests!

Photo 18.

Photo 19.

Photo 20. And along this path to the dining room three times a day with a song "Protecting the Motherland, not knowing any barriers, formidable rockets look into the sky and soldiers stand at the remote control. People know, people understand, the formidable look of a combat rocket and when the rocket men walk, the sky above the earth turns blue" soldiers and sergeants marched. There was nothing left of the dining room.

Photo 21. These places are popular only with hunters. "Stalkers" have nothing to do here for a long time.

Photo 22. Checkpoint. A soldier was usually on duty in this booth, only if infrequent distinguished guests were expected. No one else went to us and it was pointless to sit there to no avail.

Photo 23.

Photo 24. The photo shows steel sheets that covered the ditch with cables that went to the center of the starting position.

Photo 25.

Photo 26. Little that remains of the underground dwelling.

Photo 27. And this is the place that I most wanted to find and found with great difficulty. Here was my cabin, here I spent two years. And I found it only thanks to this conspicuous boulder, which I climbed to get off in a big way, I apologize for the details.

Photo 28. Iron rope, which fastened the mast with antennas.

Photo 29 But before that, we remembered a little army art. My friend served in the Far East, accompanied wagons with military cargo. He now has heaps of these pistols ... A joke about pistols, of course. Truth about security

Photo 30.

Photo 31. Results

Photo 32. Air defense defeats infantry! Who said there that they never held weapons in their hands in air defense?

Photo 33 Five minutes and the heat is collected.

Photo 34.

Photo 35.

Photo 36.

Photo 37.

Photo 38. Water procedures in the morning and on the way back. But before that, we will stop by Petrozavodsk. This will be a separate post.

Photo 39.

Photo 40. And I still can't keep silent about the roads in Karelia. The federal highway is simply amazing. And the one that comes from the other side of Lake Ladoga is in excellent condition! So go to Karelia in the summer to relax, you won't regret it!

Photo 41.

Photo 42.

Photo 43.

Thank you for your attention!

At the end, I want to remember the words from a song that you will not find on the Internet. Unfortunately, there is no guitar at hand to sing it. It was written by the guys from my draft from the command post "Vilga" (there were especially many iron cabins and their inhabitants) and became the first in my repertoire of songs with a guitar.

All day on your feet
730 days in boots
You forgot all the smells of wine
You are a resident of iron cabins

You get up from the song of the sirens
Forests enchanted captivity
Readiness you hear again
The order came to fight

And only your mother is waiting for you at home
When you get back
Raise a glass of vintage wine
For the inhabitants of the iron cabins

And this is a video showing what is left of the command post in "Vilga"

This is the commander of my division (when I retired, I was a lieutenant colonel) in our time with his wife.

And this is the most beautiful woman division, the wife of one of the officers and part-time was a saleswoman in our shop. Many went to the store just to look at it. Also a more or less modern photo:

And now the promised story about the downed scout with the S-75 complex:

"Black Saturday", October 27, 1962 - the day when the world was closest to a global nuclear war.

More than half a century ago, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) began sending U-2 high-altitude strategic reconnaissance aircraft equipped with photographic equipment specially designed for their needs into the airspace of the USSR. These flights lasted almost 4 years and, in the end, became the cause of a serious international crisis, which, in fact, led to their termination. In many ways, it was the flights over the territory of the USSR by American spy planes that gave a great impetus to the development of domestic air defense systems, which to this day remain the best in the world. Then, at the turn of the 50-60s of the last century, the main enemy for high-altitude American reconnaissance aircraft was the S-75 Dvina air defense system, which closed the Soviet sky for them.

U-2 flight history

For the first time, American aircraft began photographic and electronic monitoring Soviet territory back at the end of 1946. The start of these flights coincided with the start of cold war and of course it was not accidental. Initially, such aircraft took off only from Alaska and flew along Soviet land and sea lines. At the same time, as the confrontation between the two countries intensified, the US Department of Defense increasingly insisted on the need for a deep aerial reconnaissance territory of the USSR and its allies. Over time, such flights really began, but they led to heavy losses. Highly a large number of reconnaissance aircraft were shot down in Soviet airspace, a smaller part over the territory of the PRC and other states of the Soviet bloc. The total number of teams of lost aircraft was 252 people, while the fate of 138 pilots remained unknown.

Taking this into account, the CIA decided to sign an agreement with Lockheed to build a stratospheric reconnaissance aircraft. So on March 22, 1955, a formal contract was signed with the firm. According to this document, Lockheed was to build 20 aircraft at a total cost of $22 million. This amount did not include the cost of building jet engines, which were to be purchased by the Air Force, as well as photographic equipment, which the CIA planned to order separately. The terms of the contract were quite tough, the first Lockheed aircraft was supposed to be delivered in 4 months, no later than the end of July.

The implementation of this order has become a real technical epic, many of the details of which remain classified. For example, the fuel of those years for jet aircraft at an altitude of 20,000 meters, it began to boil and evaporate. Therefore, Shell urgently created aviation kerosene with stabilizing additives. Modifying Pratt & Whitney's J57 engines was no easy task either, and there were plenty of other problems. However, the first aircraft was still built by 15 July. It, like all subsequent aircraft, was built in the Californian city of Burbank.

Flight tests of the novelty took place at an extremely fast pace and in deep secrecy. The plane took off and landed on the bottom of a dry lake in the state of Nevada, located north of Las Vegas. A nuclear test site was located near this place, so the entire area around was closed. On July 29, 1955, a reconnaissance aircraft, flown by test pilot Tony Levier, rolled across the airfield for the first time. In September of the same year, he managed to climb to a height of 19,500 meters. And at the end of 1956 he managed to climb more than 22 kilometers. On May 1 of the same year, the disassembled U-2 was transported to the English airbase Lakenheath, where the aircraft was reassembled and prepared for flights.

The UK is a fairly densely populated country, so it was obvious that an unusual aircraft would be quickly noticed. For this reason, even before the first U-2 flights over the countries of the Warsaw Pact began, the American intelligence services carried out a large-scale camouflage operation. On May 7, NASA Director Hugh Dryden announced that Lockheed has begun production of an ultra-high-altitude aircraft that will be used to study the ozone layer, cosmic rays and stratospheric air currents. Later, the general public was informed that the new aircraft were included in the British-based 1st Weather Observation Squadron. It was also reported that such aircraft would fly to "other areas the globe". Of course, not a word was said about the USSR.

In 1956, the Soviet air force and air defense units did not yet have fighters that would be able to climb to a height of 20,000 meters, at which the U-2 flew, nor air defense systems that could get them there. The very first missions confirmed the invulnerability of the aircraft. The ability of the aircraft to fly without interference in the Moscow sky was even proven. In 1956, American spy planes carried out a number of flights over the USSR. In particular, 2 flights took place on July 9, another one took place on July 10. On the same day, the USSR officially sent a note of protest to the United States and President Eisenhower ordered that all U-2 raids over Soviet territory be stopped for a while. They were resumed only in June 1957, and this time the flights were carried out not in the western part of the USSR, but in the Far East.

In total, U-2 reconnaissance aircraft penetrated the airspace of the USSR 24 times. The last such raid, called Mission 4154, took place on May 1, 1960. This flight was personally authorized by President Eisenhower, who at the same time gave the order after May 1 not to fly over the territory of the USSR. As a result, the previously invulnerable U-2 aircraft was shot down by a Soviet anti-aircraft missile in the Sverdlovsk region, and its pilot Powers safely parachuted down and was captured, which Khrushchev officially announced on May 7th.

As a result, Soviet-American relations once again experienced a crisis, which caused the cancellation of an international meeting with the participation of the leaders of the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and France, which was to be held in Paris on May 16. The pilot of the downed U-2 remained imprisoned in the USSR until February 19, 1962, when he was exchanged for the Soviet intelligence officer William Fisher, who was known as Rudolf Abel.

In just 4 years of flying over the territory of the USSR, U-2 reconnaissance aircraft photographed 3 million 370 thousand square meters. meters of Soviet territory or about 15% of the total area of ​​the country. A total of 392 thousand meters of film was filmed, which is still stored in the archives of the CIA. The value of this aircraft is confirmed at least by the fact that in 1962 it was they who confirmed the preparation of starting positions for the Soviet ballistic missiles in Cuba. Currently, modern modifications of the U-2S and TU-2S aircraft continue to be in service with the US Air Force. It is assumed that they will be decommissioned only by 2023. Design is also ongoing for a new generation of Astor radar,
which is used on these reconnaissance aircraft.

SAM S-75 "Dvina"

S-75 "Dvina" air defense system (according to NATO codification - SA-2 Guideline) - Soviet mobile anti-aircraft missile system. The main developer of the air defense system was NPO Almaz (general designer A. A. Raspletin), and the rocket developer was MKB Fakel (general designer P. D. Grushin). The complex was put into service in 1957. The S-75 air defense system could destroy targets at ranges up to 43 km, in the altitude range from 0.5 to 30 km, with speeds up to 2,300 km/h. Since the moment it was put into service, this complex has been constantly improved. Its latest modifications are capable of destroying targets flying at speeds up to 3,700 km/h.

The S-75 air defense system occupies a special place among domestic air defense systems, it was this complex that became the first to be transported. He was the first in the world to take part in real combat operations and opened an account of downed enemy aircraft. It was from the S-75 complex that the deliveries of domestic air defense systems abroad began. ZRK-75 has become the most used complex in the history of the air defense forces around the world. This complex in various modifications was in service with more than 40 countries. For the entire time of its release, about 800 divisions of this complex were exported. The C-75 was also produced in China under license, where it was called Hongqi-1 (HQ-1) and Hongqi-2 (HQ-2).

In many ways, the initial success of the complex is associated with its main weapon - an anti-aircraft missile, which was designed in Grushin's design bureau. The choice of the main technical solutions for the SAM, which received the designation 1D, was largely determined by the appearance of the electronic part of the S-75 air defense system. For example, the use of a narrowly directed antenna for transmitting commands to a missile, rigidly connected to the block of the main antennas of the guidance station oriented towards an air target, predetermined the use of an inclined launch of a missile from launchers deployed towards the target.

To carry out such a launch, the rocket had to have a very good initial thrust-to-weight ratio, which could only be provided by a solid propellant rocket engine (RDTT). On the contrary, during a relatively long subsequent flight to the target, the requirements for thrust values ​​were an order of magnitude smaller. In addition, high engine efficiency was required here. In those years, only a liquid-propellant rocket engine (LRE) met these conditions. So it was decided to use a two-stage rocket scheme, which was equipped with a solid propellant rocket engine operating at the start, and a liquid propellant rocket engine that worked on the marching section. This scheme made it possible to provide the rocket with a high average speed, and hence the ability to hit an air target in a timely manner.

In order to determine the aerodynamic design of the rocket, the designers created original methods calculations. They took into account the requirements effective work stabilization system, the necessary maneuverability of the missile (the use of a radio command targeting system was allowed) and the control loop, as well as obtaining minimal aerodynamic drag. As a result, for the first time in the USSR, a normal aerodynamic scheme was used for missiles. At the same time, destabilizers were installed in front of the anti-aircraft missile, which increased its maneuverability, and also made it possible to adjust the stock of its static stability during the debugging process.

The use of the normal scheme made it possible to realize in practice higher aerodynamic characteristics in comparison with the "duck" scheme. For such a scheme, it was not even necessary to use the ailerons - the roll control of the missile defense system was carried out using the differential deflection of the rudders. In turn, sufficient static stability and high thrust-to-weight ratio of the anti-aircraft missile at the launch site ensured a delay in yaw and pitch control up to the separation of the booster. At the same time, in order to prevent unacceptable drift of the axes of on-board instruments at the launch site, the rocket was stabilized in roll. For this, a pair of stabilizer consoles located in one of the planes had ailerons.

The air defense system consisted of a guidance radar, a two-stage anti-aircraft missile, as well as 6 launchers, means of power supply and transport-charging machines. It was from the S-75 air defense system that the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft was shot down. On May 1, 1960, the Americans decided to fly over Red Square during the May Day parade. The plane under the control of Powers came from Central Asia. At the same time, the USSR air defense radar system was inextricably following the aircraft, and N. S. Khrushchev was personally reported on the route of his flight directly to the podium of the mausoleum. Near Sverdlovsk, the plane entered the zone of operation of the air defense system and was shot down. A pair of MiG-17 fighters were raised to intercept it. By an unfortunate coincidence, one of these aircraft was also shot down by a S-75 missile, while the pilot died.

The S-75 complex played a very important role in the formation and development of all guided missile air defense systems of the USSR. It became the only air defense system in the world that successfully performed the function of providing air defense during large-scale hostilities (Vietnam, Egypt). Currently, like the U-2 aircraft, it continues to be in service with a number of states.