A simple original waste disposal method. New recycling technologies. Plasma recycling of waste

Waste disposal is perhaps the main problem of modern mankind. Every day we produce so much garbage that would be enough for the whole city of the past.

The ecological situation is so acute that scientists are literally screaming about the need to take control of this sphere of human life.

Unfortunately, the current methods of waste disposal are often inefficient and do not result in the expected effect - the cleanliness of the environment.

Nevertheless, according to experts, improvements in this area are observed. At the same time, today, ordinary people are beginning to comprehend the need for sorting and recycling waste so that in the future their descendants do not drown in garbage.

Residents of civilized European countries are accustomed from childhood to sort and throw away garbage exclusively in the places designated for this.

A significant plus of this behavior is the regular processing and recycling of garbage that has already been in use once.

Unfortunately, in our country, such benefits of civilization are just emerging. Waste sorting and its further processing is rather an exception to the rule than the norm.

If you live in a suburban village and it is customary for you to sort your garbage by type and throw it into separate bins, you are a happy person.

You can also organize the recycling of existing garbage with your own hands by putting into use several garbage cans for waste of a different nature.

Organizing the export food waste and other garbage, you are helping to prevent an ecological disaster that has been looming for a long time.

Try to start small. On average, one house in a medium-budget cottage village produces a large bag of garbage per day.

All garbage ends up in a landfill, where, at best, it is recycled, and at worst, it is left for further independent decomposition.

Waste disposal methods today

There are several ways to dispose of waste, which are successfully used in Russia.

• Waste disposal.
• Garbage burning.
• Composting.
• Low and high temperature pyrolysis.

Around each of the listed methods there are disputes about its effectiveness, efficiency and speed of work.

The oldest method of getting rid of household and food waste is its burial. It is also the most dangerous and ineffective.

Even food waste buried in a quarry or pit can accumulate a huge amount of decomposition and decay products, which can cause groundwater or air poisoning.

What can we say about solid waste, the disposal of which in other ways leads to the release of toxic gases into the atmosphere. Special landfills are equipped for the disposal of hazardous waste.

They, as people believe, are able to protect against the release of toxic substances into the soil, water and air that can poison all living things within a radius of several kilometers.

However, time proves the inefficiency of this method of disposal and even its danger.

Another recycling method that is not widely used in our country is composting. It is found in private households when disposing of food waste, but is much less commonly used in mass waste processing.

However, composting is effective method processing, resulting in compost that can be used in agriculture.

Compost can be created both from purely food waste and from a stream of unseparated garbage. If you do this processing centrally, you can get good results.

If we talk about the effective reduction of waste, then heat treatment shows itself most effectively. It allows you to neutralize most of the waste, while reducing their volume at times.

Modern disposal by incineration also involves the use of combustion energy. This trend is spreading more and more, giving new opportunities in the future.

Waste incineration in order to obtain heat and electricity is a method that can turn landfills into an energy source for the operation of central heating systems and various industries.

A step above this method is plasma recycling of waste - a phenomenon in our country is so rare that it is hard to believe in it.

Plasma recycling is the disposal of waste, which results in gas from organic compounds and slag from solid waste.

When processed in this way, energy can be used for peaceful purposes, which is what happens in more developed countries in this regard.

If the disposal of your own waste is important to you, try to find an organization in your area that sorts and recycles waste.

In this case, the most that is required of you is to independently sort the waste into separate containers and order the waste collection regularly.

In the drawers of the tables you can find a lot of outdated, but working components. On the one hand, it seems to be a pity to throw it away - solid sums were once paid for these useless "pieces of iron". But today all this is unnecessary garbage, the place of which is in a landfill.

However, there are people who do not see the problem in finding a use for an old drive or non-working hours. They can be repaired, redone, restored. And if it doesn’t work out, just use it for beauty. This material is devoted to the most interesting examples of "recycling" of garbage.

⇡ Music from trash

The first electronic musical instruments appeared long before Jean-Michel Jarre and Kraftwerk. For example, one of the predecessors of the synthesizer, the theremin, which musicians still use today, was created by Lev Sergeevich Theremin back in 1919. But now it is already impossible to get to the bottom of who and when the idea of ​​using old computer components for playing music first came to mind.

Iron hit: hits played on computer hardware

It's hard to define music. Probably, its most successful and correct interpretation is harmony. Where there is harmony, we hear music. It can be caught anywhere - in the voice of a flute, in the strumming of a guitar, in the murmur of water, in the singing of birds or the sound of the surf. But the most amazing thing is when harmony is heard where you least expect to find it. For example, in the roar of machine tools in a factory or in the hum of computer coolers.

Do you think we're exaggerating? Hardly. Let's see what the human imagination can produce when focused on making music out of noise.

One of the pioneers of computer music is James Houston. And when we say "computer music", we do not mean electronic keyboards at all. James was one of the first to come up with the idea of ​​using outdated computer parts to create melodies. A TV instead of a monitor, a cassette recorder for downloading data (yes, imagine, there was such a thing before disk drives), one of the first HP Scanjet 3c scanners, the first Sinclair ZX Spectrum computer, an Epson LX-81 printer and other details.

Here's what it looked like.

Not very impressive? Nevertheless, in 2008 this clip aroused great interest among Internet users. In just a week after posting on YouTube, James was inundated with thousands of reviews. Among the letters received were an offer to sign a recording contract for this cover and a message directly from Radiohead inviting them to post the video on the band's official website. For a student from Glasgow it was great luck and an incentive to create in the future.

But this was only the first experience. James Huston has a huge following. And some of them were able to demonstrate "aerobatics" in creating music on computer hardware. One such artist is a Canadian from Toronto named James Cochrane. He took it so seriously that his cover of The Animals' legendary The House of the Rising Sun became a hit on YouTube for a while. It is performed by a whole ensemble of hard drives, an oscilloscope, a scanner, and various computer components.

In addition to this piece, a Canadian music lover has made versions of other well-known compositions in a similar arrangement, for example "Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen and the song Gotye "Somebody That I Used to Know"

The modern computer is not at all like the cabinets and drawers that were before. The appearance is changing, the content is changing. Some parts of the PC become obsolete and in the finished package become an unnecessary addition, a kind of computer atavism.

So, for example, still in some computers you can see floppy disk drives, or, simply speaking, floppy disks. Those who are lucky enough to use this type of media should remember the characteristic sound that accompanied each time the read head turned to the magnetic disk. This creaking sound could have a different tone, depending on the position of the sector being read. And if you choose such reading parameters for the drive so that it can play this or that note on demand, it is quite possible to train the drive to play any melody.

How to do this, knows the Polish amateur radio Pavel Zadrozniak (Pawel Zadrozniak). Together with other students of Krakow University (AGH University of Science and Technology), Pavel developed a system of disk drives controlled by a microcontroller. With the help of this device, the Imperial March, the most recognizable tune from the Star Wars saga, was played on floppy disks.

Playing on disk drives proved to be a very popular activity, and the number of people wanting to make the disk drive play increased dramatically. There were even originals who are trying to sell recorded music through online services. For example, a certain MrSolidSnake745 put this idea on stream. He built an orchestra of eight disk drives, connected them to the Arduino platform and recorded a lot of popular tunes from games, movies, etc.

It is difficult to judge how much this business has enriched the “composer”, but if it is for sale, then someone is buying.

If suddenly you too have a burning desire to build a "music box" out of the drive, you can easily find guides and tips on how to do it on the Web. For example, on the personal page of one of these enthusiasts, Michael Kohn.

Garbage concert with orchestra

If a desire arises in the soul to create real art, no life barriers and conventions can prevent this. The story below is proof of that.

In the far, far away country of Paraguay, where poverty in provincial towns coexists with dirty puddles and rickety shacks, people live who cannot imagine their life without music. But the trouble is - how to learn to play musical instruments if there is not a penny of money? There is not only no finance for studying at the conservatory, but no money even for the simplest cello or the cheapest clarinet.

But, as you know, if resourcefulness, creativity, passion and inspiration converge in one person, a miracle is born. That person turned out to be a teacher named Favio Chávez. In the small town of Cateura, Favio opened a music class, but there were too few instruments, where less than number who want to play them.

Watching how his students are drawn to music, but do not have the opportunity to realize their desires, the teacher decided to provide everyone with instruments at all costs. One day, Favio Chavez met a garbage collector named Nicolás Gómez, nicknamed Cola, who at one time worked as a guitar maker. After consulting among themselves, these two people came to an unexpected decision - to create tools from ... garbage. It is from the garbage, which is very much in the city dump. Here, by the way, it would not be out of place to mention that the entire town of Cateura is one big dump, and most of its adult population is busy sorting garbage and looking for something else that can be of value.

It turned out that it was not difficult to build musical instruments from the materials found in the landfill. Favio's excellent hearing and the ingenuity of the scavenger made it possible to create futuristic musical instruments from the most seemingly useless things. So, for example, a barrel of oil products turned into a cello, pipes into flutes, and packing boxes into guitars.

Favio's activities brought fame to the small town of Cateura. The beginning of a music teacher was supported by sponsors, thanks to which a bank was opened musical instruments used, but still suitable for teaching children.

And the children who still managed to learn music united in a team that received the quite expected name - Recycled Orchestra (“Garbage Orchestra”).

Recently, this team ran a fundraising campaign on the popular Kickstarter service. Hoping for large collections, the garbage orchestra cherished Napoleonic plans - from filming a full-length documentary film about the orchestra before the creation of a social movement in support of the poor.

But, despite the powerful informational support (all the leading TV channels, including CNN and the BBC, made reports about a strange musical group from Paraguay) and noble intentions, the musicians failed to realize most of their ideas. They managed to raise only enough money to organize a round-the-world tour of the Recycled Orchestra. However, this is also a lot - more than two hundred thousand dollars.

⇡ Masters of Digital Garbage

What is interesting is that the number of people who see beauty in the ordinary is increasing all the time. Probably, nevertheless, the classic was right, and you and I are simply witnessing how beauty saves this world. A world that turns out to be boring and so diverse.

Gioconda from ASUS

The works of talented artists are sometimes so brilliant that if you try to repeat them, even their not very exact copy will attract attention. One such masterpiece is the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. I remember, as soon as the first printing devices appeared, it became very fashionable in various research institutes to hang a piece of a long roll of paper over the workplace, on which the famous canvas printed with ordinary alphabetic and digital characters was guessed. Whatever method the artist chooses to replicate the appearance of the Mona Lisa, the result will almost certainly please many.

In 2009, the Taiwanese company ASUS helped ensure that the Mona Lisa once again experienced reincarnation. One of the most amazing "remakes" of this canvas was created. Moreover, fragments of ASUS motherboards were chosen as paints. To get the right picture, I had to very carefully work out the position of each detail in the "picture" - its orientation, color, and so on. With this unusual installation, exhibited in the office in Taipei, ASUS seems to emphasize that the creation of computer components and, in particular, motherboards is also a kind of art.

World on boards

If you look at satellite images and then look at the printed circuit boards of some electronic devices, you can see a lot of similarities. Roads, buildings, the relief of the earth's surface - all this resembles the wiring of boards with soldered elements. Probably, it was this analogy that prompted Susan Stockwell to create an entire map of the world out of motherboards.

To achieve the closest possible similarity, Susan used recycled components - connecting cables, coolers, cooling systems, etc. All this is not located randomly, as it might seem at first glance, but in an orderly manner, so that the drawing of a real map is imitated. This project was created for the University of Bedfordshire (Bedfordshire University).

Computer metropolis

Artists have a special vision, not like ordinary people. In unremarkable things, they are able to see completely unexpected pictures. And the most talented of these people can show what they see to everyone else. For example, the Italian designer Franco Recchia (Franco Recchia) creates his paintings using the components of electronic devices.

For example, RAM strips, cooling radiators and all kinds of connectors taken from motherboards, in one of the artist's works, make up a whole Manhattan, with skyscrapers and spiers.

Paintings from wires and films

There are so many lovers of creating sculptures from electronic components that even personalities with a characteristic “handwriting” have appeared among artists, such as, for example, Peter McFarlane. Peter makes paintings by laying them out with wires on a circuit board.

Colombian surrealist artist Federico Uribe uses wires as paint for his canvases. He simply “embroiders” pictures with wires with multi-colored insulation. Some of his works are voluminous, but Federico categorically objects to calling his creations installations, he considers them to be paintings.

Erika Iris Simmons specializes in cassette tapes. In some amazing way, with the help of magnetic films, she can lay out any image. Erica's collection of works includes a large number of portraits of famous personalities - from the Liverpool Four and Bob Dylan to Lenny Kravitz and Nick Cave.

Moreover, for especially "ancient" celebrities (such as Marilyn Monroe or Alfred Hitchcock), Erica did not use cassette tape, but magnetic tape from reels. Such paintings may well serve, say, as decoration for the interior of a rock cafe, and aged films will stimulate a retro mood.

In addition to the "film" paintings, Erica also has drawings created using a cord from a Nintendo game console.

Laserdiscs are still in use

Any format of digital media becomes obsolete sooner or later. Floppy disks are outdated, CDs have almost lost their relevance. But all this is an excellent “building” material from which you can make a lot of useful or simply beautiful things. For example, craftsmen have learned how to make bags from floppy disks, and a beautiful lamp can be made from a stack of laser discs in a matter of minutes.

With old discs, you can do even more rationally and combine beauty and benefit. In Madrid, one could see such beauty on the wall of the Vincci Soho hotel.

The creation of this almost thirteen-meter lizard took more than five thousand optical discs. They are firmly fixed on a special base and, of course, make passers-by stop when they see a gecko for the first time.

This lizard was made last year by the iade school of design, and the installation itself was named La Piel Cambiando (Skin Change). According to the designers who came up with this ad, the "animal" is looking for sunlight and symbolizes renewal, development and change.

Gear Treasures

Despite the abundance of electronics, we are still surrounded by a lot of mechanical devices. Of course, they age, often break down, and besides, they are being replaced by trendy battery-powered gadgets. Many mechanical devices end their lives in the same way - in the trash can. No one will think what to do with a broken watch - it's expensive to repair, it's pointless to disassemble for spare parts.

And yet there is a person who is convinced that throwing wheels and springs is not worth it, even if they have ceased to fulfill their functions.

Justin Gershenson-Gates (Justin Gershenson-Gates) from the USA admires the harmony and coherence of the details of mechanical devices so much that he decided to prove to everyone that gears and other parts of mechanical watches themselves have a great design and therefore can be used as jewelry.

According to the "mechanical jeweler", his fate was predetermined - his grandfather was a railway worker, and his father was very fond of delving into various mechanisms. As a child, he, like, probably, many curious boys, often took apart toys, wanting to understand how they work. Moreover, as Justin himself admits, in most cases he could no longer collect them back.

Now he continues to do the same, but he is already dismantling the “dead”, that is, broken mechanisms, and for the good of the cause. By adding minimal modifications to the design of parts and fastening them in a special way, Justin Gates creates pendants, cufflinks, pendants, earrings and other jewelry. The author of wonderful creations collects material for new steampunk jewelry, buying up old mechanical watches in large quantities on Ebay and other similar services. The newly minted jeweler says that his goal is to show the beauty of the mechanical world, to open up to others a place that is usually hidden behind a wall of metal and glass.

The author of jewelry gears even organized the A Mechanical Mind studio and periodically holds exhibitions showing his works. Those who wish can purchase the things they like on the needlework site ETSY, where the author exhibits his “jewels”.

⇡ With your own hands: "garbage" transport and other crafts

Captain Nemo from China

By his example, the Chinese inventor Tao Xiangli proved that the lack of funds and the absence of a rich sponsor is not a problem if there is a great desire to realize your ideas. You just need to take a closer look at the recycling products, which in fact often are not.

The inventions of Tao Xiangli cost a decent "penny", however, given the scale of the projects being implemented, the inventor's costs can be considered symbolic. In 2009, this Chinese craftsman surprised many experienced designers.

Having invested only about three thousand dollars, Tao made no less ... a submarine. When this became known to the public, Tao became a celebrity and reporters from all over the world reached out to him. What Tao said in his interview shocked many. His last job was as a technician at a karaoke bar. He has no education. He studied only five classes at school, and the last year was an encore. A junior high school repeater, Tao never uses a tape measure or ruler. He selects all sizes intuitively.

His submarine turned out without a European-style repair - rusty and 90 percent consisting of parts that were in operation. But she swims, although the first tests could cost the inventor his life. According to the author of this miracle, he got many parts of the submarine almost for nothing - light bulbs, wires, switches, and so on. “Our country is developing very quickly, I would never have thought of such a thing before,” Tao laughs. Now a Chinese submarine builder is plowing his submersible into the local river. Only one person fits in a submarine, and even then - if its dimensions are the same as those of the chief designer.

Encouraged by the success, the Chinese Kulibin spent another year of work on a new undertaking. This time he decided to realize another childhood dream and make himself a robot. For the next project, the inventor had to invest more than $ 24,000. With this money, he bought scrap metal, wires and electronic parts. From all this "trash" Tao built a huge monster robot, which is more than two meters high and weighs 480 kilograms.

Bike decorated with trash

Many bikers strive to give their vehicle some special design. There are many bikers in the world who make high-quality “pumping” of a motorcycle beyond recognition. Mirrors are being added, the look and filling are changing ... But few can compare in this skill with a master from Bangkok. His name is Roongrojna Sangwongprisarn.

The motorcycles he created by hand are impossible to forget - this is a real work of art. Colorful monsters hug the two-wheeled car and make it noticeable from afar. But the most amazing thing is that the author uses parts from discarded cars to create these bike sculptures. The creator of these masterpieces has his own network of Ko Art Shops through which Roongrojna sells his creations.

The second life of the "iron horse"

Many things are disposed of by man unwisely. At least that's what the creative agency Lola in Madrid thinks so. This is especially true for cars. Old, rusty, end-of-life cars are great material for further use. Employees of the mentioned agency have developed their own technology for converting discarded cars into bicycles. They called their project Bicycled - a play on the English words bicycle (bicycle) and recycled (recycling).

It turns out that this is quite easy. With skillful hands, almost every unusable car can be used to create a high-quality two-wheeled vehicle that will serve its owner for a long time to come. The necessary elements are cut out of the doors and body of the car, a frame and a steering wheel are made by welding. Any "surviving" parts are used - from drive belts to door handles. Using a surviving fragment of the skin of one of the seats, the craftsmen create a saddle, and signal lights removed from the car are fixed on the bike. The output is a completely working model of two-wheeled transport.

But the best part about it is that cycling is an environmentally friendly mode of transport. The amount of waste is reduced and people join healthy lifestyle life.

Housing from old cars

Bicycles aren't the only things old cars are good for. If you have enough patience and inspiration, you can build an entire house out of old cars, just like Karl Wanaselja did. He is an architect by profession, so it was not a very difficult task for Karl to carry out a preliminary calculation of his future home.

Almost all the details of the dwelling were taken from old cars. When the architect began building his house in Berkeley, he had to study the California dump, where he managed to get most of the materials. At the junkyard, he was mainly looking for the roofs and side windows of a Dodge Caravan minivan. The windows were turned into awnings, and fragments of the roofs were useful for cladding the upper floor.

According to Carl, he managed to create the illusion of a large space in a very limited way, and he even jokingly compares his house to a telephone booth from Doctor Who.

Garbage King

If you call the next builder the king of garbage, he will not be offended. Moreover, he will take it as a compliment.

Each of us has our own world, and whether we like it or not, we subconsciously try to bring it into reality. Some people do it easily, some never do it. But this man could. True, he did not have the means to build his kingdom, with cathedrals and arches.

Therefore, Vince Hannemann from Texas chose garbage as a building material. He has been collecting junk since 1989. Thousands of discarded items - from damaged irons and televisions to outdated phones, broken furniture and electronics - everything has a use in his miracle cathedral, built from all this rubbish. At first, no one took this man seriously, but when in 2010 his cathedral reached a decent size, the municipality of Austin realized it and banned this construction, considering the idea at least dangerous. But it was not there. The future king of garbage, although he was forced to remove the sixty-ton garbage cathedral, did not want to give up. He called for the help of engineers to use them to calculate a safe design option. When all the calculations with evidence of the stability of the building were in hand, the enthusiast was able to continue what he had begun.

Conclusion

Man lacks natural resources, and he aims for space to mine minerals. He is eager to find elusive particles in order to get cheap energy. At the same time, he does not pay attention to the fact that he has everything at hand to implement any of his ideas. It is only necessary to use the existing potential more efficiently. And of course, just a good dig in the trash.

After all, if someone alone can make a violin out of unnecessary trash, create a robot or build a house, then what can we say about larger projects that can be completed together. In addition, consumables for these purposes are always at hand. Something, but we still have enough garbage for a long time.

Proper disposal of waste is a huge step towards improving the environment.

There is more than one way to recycle waste.

The main task of each of the methods is to complete the task, preventing the spread of harmful bacteria and microorganisms. At the same time, it is necessary to minimize the harmful substances released during the disposal itself.

Consider the options for the destruction of waste and evaluate how effective each of them is.

Waste disposal at landfills

Landfills serve for the collection and processing of waste in a natural way. Many of them practice a very simple and understandable disposal system: as soon as a certain amount of garbage is collected, it is buried. Not only is this method outdated, it is a ticking time bomb, because there are materials that do not decompose for decades.

Those few landfills that have workshops at their disposal work as follows: arriving cars are registered at the checkpoint. The volume of the body is also measured there to determine the cost of disposal; the level of radiation is measured. If it exceeds the allowable limits, the car is not allowed to pass.

From the checkpoint, the car goes to the waste sorting shop. Sorting takes place manually: the machine feeds the garbage onto the conveyor belt, and the workers choose bottles, paper, etc. from there. The sorted materials are put into containers without a bottom, from which the garbage immediately enters the cage and under the press. When the process is completed, the remaining waste (not included in any of the categories) is also compressed and taken directly to the landfill. Since long-decomposing materials are sorted out, the remaining garbage can be covered with earth.