All about the river. Russian rivers. The deepest river is the Amazon

A river is a constant flow of water created by nature. It begins its movement at the source, and ends at the mouth, overcoming a long distance with the flow along its channel. Rivers are the main part hydrological cycle Earth. According to recent studies, more than a billion large and small rivers flow around the world, and they carry billions of tons of water to the seas.
In this article, we will look at the most interesting facts about rivers.

1. We remember from geography lessons that the most long river peace - Nile. However, thanks to recent research, it became known that the Amazon has already surpassed it. The length of the Nile is about 6695 km, it has two tributaries. The largest part of it falls on Egypt - 22%, the rest belongs to other countries - Burundi, Zaire, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. An interesting fact: the Nile was covered with ice only twice in its entire existence - in the 9th and 11th centuries.




2. The Amazon is the longest river of modern times. Its length is already more than 6800 km. It flows through South America and then flows into Atlantic Ocean. In 2011, the Amazon was recognized as one of the natural wonders of the world. It contains more water than any other river on the planet. The Amazon is also amazing, there, that throughout its entire course only one Rio Negro bridge was built. Its length exceeds 3.5 km.




3. The Irtysh is the cleanest river and is the main tributary of the Ob. Its length is 4248 km and flows through the territories of three countries: Russia, Kazakhstan and China. In Russia, the Irtysh is considered the longest river after the Lena River (more than 2 thousand km).



4. The most “carrying river” is the Kosi River. It flows through the territory of modern India, and every year lays a new channel, while devastating a large area. The total volume of sediments per year brought by Kosi is up to 120 cubic meters. 8 boxcars can be filled with sand, pebbles and clay that the river brings every year from the Himalayas!




5. One of the most mysterious rivers is Cano Cristales in Colombia. The second name of this river is “five-colored”. It is quite small - up to 100 km long, and no more than 20 meters wide, and there are almost no fish in it. The mystery of Canyo is that it comes in 5 colors - green, blue, yellow, red and black. This palette of colors is given to her by the reflection of the sky, algae and river sand. It looks especially colorful between the dry and rainy seasons.






6. Most deep river world - Congo. Its depth reaches 250 m!


7. The most polluted river is the Royal River, which flows through the territory modern state Australia. It is polluted with chemical waste from the mining industry. Since 1995, more than 1.5 million sulphides have entered the King's River each year.




8. On the territory of modern Poland there is interesting place where the rivers Nelba and Velna intersect at an angle of 90 degrees. And because of the large difference in temperature, different levels and water flow rates do not mix with each other.


9. The most watery state is Finland. 188,000 lakes are located on its territory and 650 rivers flow.
10. There is only one country on the planet, on the territory of which not a single river constantly flows - this is Saudi Arabia.
11. Pyana is the most meandering river on the planet. Its length is more than 400 km, but the distance from the mouth to the source is no more than 30 km. It is located almost entirely in Nizhny Novgorod region, however, a very small piece of it falls on the Mordovian lands.




12. The most popular fictional river is the Styx. It flows through the territory of the underground kingdom of the god Hades. However, on Earth there is its "namesake" in the city of Perm. The "second" Styx separated the city from the Yegoshikha cemetery in the 18th century. However, on this moment its channel is not visible, because the Styx was driven into pipes.


13. Paradox! In the Voronezh region, there are two rivers with the name Devitsa, which have tributaries with the names Rossoshka and they both flow into the Don.
14. Blue rivers are also one of the mysteries of nature. They flow through the territory of Greenland. During a period of relative warmth and with the advent of summer, the ice begins to melt, causing small streams that merge into very large streams and eventually become rivers. Much to my surprise, the water of these reservoirs has a dark aquamarine color. It's just a combination of incredible beauty: cutting eyes White snow and the sky blue river.




15. Planet Earth is the owner of six rivers called Don.
16. As opposed to the Amazon, there is the shortest river on the planet. Its name is similar to its length - the D River. It flows through the United States, and its length is only 36 meters.
17. One of the funniest rivers is the Elk River, which flows through Moscow. Her most large influx It's also called Elk.
Planet Earth is fraught with many amazing natural wonders. Today we discovered a few facts about rivers, just a part of what nature has prepared for us. We hope it was exciting.

Did you know that March 14th was International Day of Action for Rivers, formerly known as International Day of Action Against Dams and for Rivers, Water and Life .

At the beginning of the global anti-dam movement, in 1998, more than 50 protests took place on this day in more than 20 countries of the world, including Brazil, India, Thailand, Australia, Russia, Japan, and the USA.

There are many amazing and unusual record-breaking rivers flowing around the world.

I want to tell you about them today.

The most colorful river - Caño Cristales

Caño Cristales - is located in Colombia in Serrania de la Macarena, Meta province. It is commonly referred to as the "river of five colors". Such a variety of shades is created by the algae living in it of red, yellow, green and blue colors.

The dirtiest river - Citarum

The Citarum River is located in Indonesia and is officially recognized as the most dirty river in the world. The main reason is the five million people who live in its basin in West Java. A few years ago, the Asian Development Bank allocated half a billion dollars to clean up the river, but this did not bring the expected results. The waters of the river are the most important artery of this region, it is used to support agriculture, water supply, industry, sewerage and as one big cesspool. Getting five million people to change their attitude to the river is very difficult, even with such a large cash infusion.

The deepest river is the Congo

Previously, this river was called Zaire, it flows in the west Central Africa. In terms of water content, the Congo ranks second in the world and first on its continent, and its length is about 4,700 kilometers. This is the deepest river in the world - about 230 meters. In its upper reaches, Stanley Falls is famous, a cascade of rapids stretching over 100 kilometers. Among the most dangerous, it is listed because it suddenly accelerates upon reaching the so-called "Hell's Gate", a canyon with a length of about 130 kilometers with many treacherous rapids. The total thickness of the 32 high drops exceeds the total thickness of all rivers and waterfalls in the United States of America.

The Kapuas River is the longest river on the island

It flows through the Indonesian territory of the island of Kalimantan and flows into the South China Sea, forming a branched delta. Kapuas is the longest river in Indonesia, stretching for 1143 km.

The Row River is the shortest river in the world

Occurs in Montana, USA. One of its sleeves is only 17.7 meters long.

Yarlung Tsangpo - the highest mountain river

The river flows through the South Tibetan Plains, located at an altitude of almost 3000 meters above sea level.

The widest river in the world - Rio de la Plata

The river reaches a width of 225 km and is the result of the confluence of two rivers - Uruguay and Parana.

Volkhov - the river flowing back

The Volkhov is a famous river, this is the beginning of the path known from history "from the Varangians to the Greeks." Overseas merchants traveled along the Volkhov to Novgorod. Recorded in the Novgorod chronicles interesting fact: once the Volkhov changed the direction of the current. Since the slope of the river is small, due to heavy rains in the lower reaches and droughts in the upper reaches - the water of the river flowed back to Ilmen.

The most muddy river - Huang He

As for the great Chinese Yellow River, in addition to the official name of the Yellow River, it received many rather eloquent nicknames for its violent disposition, such as, for example, China's Woe, Heart-breaking River or River that brings thousands of troubles. And this is not surprising: after all, for the human memory, the Yellow River changed its course 26 times and over 1,500 times caused enormous catastrophic destruction, overflowing its banks. In the last 40 years alone, the volume of work on the construction and strengthening of dams on the banks of the river, the level of which often rises 10 m above the adjacent plains, has exceeded the volume of earthwork, for example, on the construction of the Panama Canal by three, and the Suez by two times. Huang He is the most muddy among big rivers the globe. One cubic meter of its turbulent water contains an average of 35-40 kg rocks, mainly forests, which make up the so-called Forest Plateau, through which it flows.

The largest river that does not flow anywhere - Tejen

The largest of the rivers ending in the desert is the Tejen River, which flows in Central Asia. Its length is 1124 kilometers. Within former USSR this river is partly taken up for irrigation in the Tejen oasis, partly lost in the sands.

The most amazing rivers - Nelba and Velna

Have you seen somewhere the rivers that intersect at right angles, and each of them after that ... flows further along its channel. Fantasy? No, reality! It turns out that there are such people on Earth. Near the Polish city of Wongrawiec in the Poznań Voivodeship, the two rivers Velna and Nelba intersect strictly at right angles. And their waters, imagine, without mixing at all after that, they continue to flow in their channels. As scientists have found out, the secret of such a unique phenomenon lies in the differences in water temperatures in these rivers. The fact is that in one river it is higher, and in the other lower. In addition, they have different speeds and levels of currents. Experiments have been done here many times. Red paint was poured into Velna, and blue into Nelba. And at the intersection of the rivers, the colors did not mix: the red one ran into its own channel, and the blue one - over the red one - into its own.

The deepest river is the Amazon

This river, which flows in South America, due to its length, width and water content, it is considered the longest (about 7000 kilometers) and the most dangerous river in the world. It accounts for 20 percent of the river water entering the World Ocean. It spills so widely that it is often called the "River Sea", and its depth reaches 50 meters. In the high season, the Amazon floods the banks and islets, and high tidal waves occur on the river every now and then.

The longest river is the Nile.

The Nile, with a length of 6,700 kilometers, is the longest river in the world. It is a vital river - since the Stone Age, people have settled along the banks. The Nile flows from south to north. This is the only river in Africa that passes through the Sahara and brings its waters to the Mediterranean Sea.

Most acidic river - El Rio Vinegre

The El Rio Vinegre River, flowing in the region of the active volcano Purace (Colombia), has acidic water. Its length is about 1260 kilometers. Its water contains 11 parts of sulfuric acid and 9 parts of hydrochloric acid for every 1,000 parts, and is so acidic that no fish can live in it. One of the reasons for the high acid content in this river is the proximity of the volcano.

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The Nile River in Egypt is the only non-drying watercourse in North Africa, which is the source of life in the hot Sahara desert. The Nile is one of the two longest rivers in the world, second only to the South American Amazon in this indicator.

View of the Nile River from space

The Nile originates on the East African Plateau (the source is located in Lake Victoria), and its mouth is in the Mediterranean Sea. The geographical and hydrological characteristics of the great river are truly colossal: the length of the Nile is 6670 km, and the basin area is 3,400,000 square meters. km. In its upper reaches, the river is gaining strength due to the flow of new portions of water from large and small tributaries flowing into it - Achva, Bahr el-Ghazal, Atbara, Blue Nile and others. The Nile flows through the giant desert expanses at a distance of 3,000 km without additional supply, but this does not prevent it from pouring into the Mediterranean Sea in the territory of modern Egypt with a powerful and full-flowing jet.

Farming on the river

The Nile River on the map crosses African states such as Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Eritrea and Egypt. In its lower reaches during the rainy season, the Nile floods heavily, flooding the entire valley. The locals are waiting for this event as a miracle, because, returning to its usual course, the Nile leaves a huge amount of fertile silt in the previously flooded areas, which serves as an excellent fertilizer for the agricultural plantations of Egypt. It is for this country that the Nile has been a sacred river since ancient times, helping the Egyptians to survive in a hot climate. coastal strip 10-15 km wide inhabit almost 97% of the country, which clearly proves the importance of this natural object.

Nile river in Africa

Since antiquity, the Egyptians have used the Nile for irrigation of their agricultural plantations, water supply, fishing and navigation. Over time, the Egyptians learned to regulate river flow and built the Aswan Hydro Complex, which made it possible to eliminate the threat of floods and related disasters. Today, such large African cities as Aswan, Khartoum, Luxor (Thebes), Cairo Giza stand on the banks of the great river, and the famous city of Alexandria is located in the delta.

The inhabitants of this African waterway are hundreds of varieties of birds, fish and animals. The most numerous and amazing inhabitants of the Nile are the Bishira fish, which live in the river only during the drought period, and in the rainy season they move to swamps and bends. Also in the waters of the river you can find several species of beaked fish, Nile latss, electric catfish, as well as Nile crocodiles. A lot of game and large wild animals live along the coast - buffalo, elephants, hippos, waterbucks, brown-red antelopes and many others.

Settlement on the banks of the Nile River

The Nile River on the map flows through the territory of two national parks created to protect unique river ecosystems and preserve species diversity coastal flora and fauna. To date, the Rwenzori and Cabarega parks have managed to achieve a steady increase in the number of many animals. The number of elephants in total is 26 thousand, hippos - about 12 thousand, buffaloes - about 20 thousand.

The famous African river, forever captured in art ancient egypt and many other peoples of Africa, could not remain without the attention of inquisitive tourists. The delta covered with lotuses, exotic landscapes of national parks, the power of the water flow and the indescribable flavor of African cities attract adventurers from all over the world. Today, north of Aswan, the Nile is a very popular tourist route, because to see sacred river and do bright photos many travelers who have discovered the black continent want to remember.

The rivers of Russia, like a web, have enveloped the entire territory of the country, because their total number, from the smallest to the largest, is more than 2.5 million. We will not list all of them in this article. And just make a list of the largest, longest, largest rivers in Russia, their names. And we will try to describe each of them separately, especially fishing. After all, rivers are big interest from the angler's point of view, and there are a lot of them.

Top 10 longest rivers in Russia flowing under one name:

Top 10 Russian rivers by total area drainage basin thousand km2:

List of the largest rivers in Russia, and fishing on them:

Lena flows out of Lake Baikal, forms a bend and continues northward to the Laptev Sea, where it forms a large delta. The length of the river route is 4400 km, the basin area is 2490 thousand square meters. km., and water consumption - 16350 m3 / s. The length of the Lena takes 11th place in the world, and the longest river in Russia. The name comes from the language of the Evenks (“elyuene” - big river) or Yakuts (“Ulakhan-Yuryakh” - big water).

The Ob flows along Western Siberia over 3650 km, flowing into the Kara Sea, where it forms a vast, up to 800 km long, bay, called the Gulf of Ob. It is formed in Altai from the confluence of two rivers: the Biya and the Katun. It ranks first in terms of basin area, that is, the largest river in Russia (2990 thousand sq. Km) and third in terms of water content (behind the Yenisei and Lena). Water consumption - 2300 m3/s. The name of the river comes from the language of the Komi people, in which “ob” means “grandmother”, “aunt”, “respected elderly relative”.

The Volga is one of the largest rivers on Earth and the largest river in Europe. Its length is 3531 km and it crosses 4 republics and 11 regions of Russia before flowing into the Caspian Sea. The river basin occupies 1855 thousand square meters. km (a third of the European part of Russia) with a water flow of 8060 m3/s. There are 9 hydroelectric power plants with reservoirs on the Volga and up to half of all Russian industry and agriculture is concentrated. The Yenisei crosses Russia and Mongolia for 4287 kilometers (of which 3487 km pass through Russia) and flows into the Yenisei Gulf of the Kara Sea. There is a division of the river into the Big and Small Yenisei (Biy-Khem and Kaa-Khem). The river has a basin area of ​​2580 thousand square meters. km (second place after Lena) and water consumption of 19800 m3/s. Sayano-Shushenskaya, Krasnoyarsk and Mainskaya hydroelectric power stations block the waters of the Yenisei in three places. The origin of the name is associated with the distorted Tungus name "enesi" (big water) or the Kyrgyz "enee-Sai" (mother river).

The Amur flows through the territory of Russia, Mongolia and China and flows into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk (Amur Estuary). This river Rossi has a length of 2824 km, the basin area is 1855 thousand square meters. km and water consumption equal to 10900 m3/s. Amur crosses four physical and geographical zones: forest, forest-steppe, steppe and semi-desert, and up to thirty live on the banks of the river. various peoples and nationalities. The origin of the name causes a lot of controversy, but the most common opinion derives it from "Amar" or "Damar" (Tungus-Manchurian group of languages). In China, the Amur is called the Black Dragon River, and for Russia it is a symbol of Transbaikalia and the Far East.

The Kolyma begins at the confluence of the Kulu and Ayan-Yuryakh (Yakutia) rivers and flows into the Kolyma Bay after 2129 kilometers of its way. The river basin covers an area of ​​643 thousand square meters. km, and the water consumption is 3800 m3/s. In the Magadan region, this is the largest water artery.

The Don flows from the Central Russian Upland in the Tula region for 1870 kilometers and flows into the Taganrog Bay in the Sea of ​​Azov. Being one of the largest rivers in the south of the Russian Plain, the Don has a basin area of ​​422 thousand square meters. km and water consumption 680 m3/s. According to scientists, some sections of the riverbed are about 23 million years old. The ancient Greeks mentioned the Don under the name Tanais, and modern name belongs to the Iranian peoples Northern Black Sea and simply means "river". Khatanga is born from the confluence of the Kotuy and Kheta rivers ( Krasnoyarsk region) and flows into the Laptev Sea, forming the Khatanga Bay. The length of the river is 1636 km with a basin area of ​​364 thousand square meters. km and water consumption of 3320 m3/s. The first mention of Khatanga was based on the reports of the Tungus and dates back to the beginning of the 17th century.

Indigirka is formed from the rivers Tuora-Yuryakh and Taryn-Yuryakh (Khalkan mountain range) and flows for 1726 kilometers through the lands of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), flowing into the East Siberian Sea. The area of ​​its water basin is 360 thousand square meters. km, and water consumption - 1570 m3 / s. The word "indigir" is of Evenk origin and means "people from the Indi clan". The river is known for its sights - the village of Oymyakon ( North Pole cold) and the city-monument Zashiversk, the population of which completely died out from smallpox in the 19th century.

The Northern Dvina flows through the Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions from the south to the north and, before it flows into the Dvina Bay (White Sea) in the form of a wide delta, it travels 744 km. Two rivers, the South and Sukhona, give rise to it, so that later the river basin occupies an area equal to 357 thousand square meters. km, and the water consumption was 3490 m3/s. This is an important navigable artery that provides the water passage Severodvinsk - Veliky Ustyug, as well as the historical center of the beginning of shipbuilding in Rus'.

The Volga originates in the Valdai Upland. This is one of the largest rivers in Europe, receiving up to one and a half hundred tributaries along the way, including the Kama and Oka, the largest of them. There are numerous reservoirs and hydroelectric power stations on the river. The water canal system connects the river with the Baltic, White, Black and Seas of Azov. Akhtuba is the longest branch of the Volga. The total floodplain of these two rivers covers 7600 sq. km.

Kama is considered the fifth river in Europe in terms of the length of the channel - 2030 km, as well as an important river highway. Being a tributary of the Volga, it also absorbs the waters of smaller rivers on its way, such as Vyatka, Vishera, Belaya, Chusovaya. There are more than two hundred large tributaries near the Kama alone. The Kamskaya, Botkinskaya and Nizhnekamskaya hydroelectric power stations with reservoirs were built on the river.

The Oka is a tributary of the Volga Nizhny Novgorod). The riverbed is characterized by differences in slope and width. Among the major tributaries are the Ugra, the Moskva River, the Klyazma and the Moksha. Hydrological studies make it possible to divide the Oka route into three parts: the upper one (Aleksin - Shchurovo), the middle one (Shchurovo - the mouth of the Moksha), and the lower one (the mouth of the Moksha - the Volga).

Don - the river is calm and slow due to a slight slope along the entire route. Among its largest tributaries are the Seversky Donets, Manych and Sal. The river is actively used for generating electricity, navigation and irrigation of adjacent lands. The Dnieper in the European part of Russia ranks third (behind the Volga and Kama) in terms of the size of the basin, with an area of ​​503 thousand square meters. km. On the way to 2285 km, the Dnieper follows from the source to the Black Sea (Dneprovsko-Bug Estuary). This is a flat river with a wide floodplain and numerous branches and significant fluctuations in water level (up to 12 m in the Smolensk region). In ancient times, a section of the legendary route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” (10-12 centuries) passed along the Dnieper.

The Ural is one of the largest rivers in the European part of Russia and is located in the southeast of the Black Sea-Caspian slope. Its length is 2530 km from its source to its confluence with the Caspian Sea, and the basin area covers 220 thousand square meters. km. Due to the strong tortuosity of the channel, it is customary to divide the Urals into three parts: the upper (source - Orsk), the middle (Orsk - Uralsk) and the lower (Uralsk - mouth). A network of reservoirs has been built in the Urals, providing water to the cities and enterprises of the region.

The Yenisei is one of the largest rivers of the Earth in terms of the length of the channel and the area of ​​the water basin. On the territory of Russia, the Yenisei basin unites up to two hundred thousand rivers and up to one and a half thousand lakes. The width of the channel varies from 800 meters at the source (Angara region) to 2-5 kilometers in the Ust-Port and Dudinka regions, and the width of the river valley varies from 40 km (Lower Tunguska region) to 150 km (Dudinka region). Research of the river began in the first half of the 18th century, thanks to the hydrograph Dmitry Ovtsyn, who was part of the Great Northern Expedition.

Lena is the best major river north of Russia. It flows along the Central Yakut lowland, forming a wide (up to 25 km) valley and feeding on a large number of lakes, swamps, rivers and streams. The Kharaulsky mountains and the Chekanovsky ridge narrow the valley to two kilometers, and a hundred kilometers from the mouth of the Lena it expands again and forms a delta of 30 thousand square meters. km. The Great Northern Expedition marked the beginning of a systematic study of the river, and its first scientific and geographical description was made by the naturalist Johann Gmelin.

The Ob has the largest water reserve in the north of the country. It combines the flows of the two rivers that form it: this is the Biya, originating in Lake Teletskoye, and the Katun, fed by the glaciers of the Belukha Mountain (Altai). The channel, which is deep at the beginning of the course, is divided into the Greater and Lesser Ob, then merges into one stream (the Salekhard region), and in the delta it again bifurcates into the Khamanel and Nadym Ob. The arrival of the ships of the Second Kamchatka Expedition at the mouth of the great river marked the beginning of the development of the Northern Sea Route.

The Kolyma flows through the northeast of Siberia. After a deep and narrow valley of the upper reaches, on a granite ridge, the river forms the steps of the Great Kolyma Rapids. In the middle of its journey, the Kolyma splits into numerous (up to ten) channels, and three rivers come to the Kolyma Bay: Kamennaya (Kolyma), Pokhodskaya and Chukochya. The river basin is famous for finds of fossil animal bones and gold deposits.

If you go with the flow of the river, then to your right will be right bank, and on the left - left. On navigable rivers, buoys are set up, painted red and white colors. The buoys alert the captain: the red ones show shallows and underwater obstacles near the right bank, and the white ones - at the left.

mouth

The place where a river flows into another river, lake or sea is called river mouth. There are mouths in the form of deltas and estuaries.

Delta

Valley

Any river flows in a depression - a long, winding depression of the earth's surface, which stretches from the source of the river to its mouth - this river valley.

channel

A depression in a river valley through which the waters of a river flow constantly is called riverbed(Fig. 87).

floodplain

In the spring, when the snow melts, during floods and floods, the river overflows its banks and floods part of the river valley - understand the river.

tributaries

Every river has tributaries. They are usually shorter than the main river. Tributaries that flow into main river on the right, they are called right tributaries, on the left - left. Yes, at the greatest river Europe Volga right tributary - Oka, left - Kama.

Swimming pool

On the surface of the globe, each river has a territory from which it collects surface and groundwater, called pool rivers.

Watershed

The boundary between two river basins is called watershed(Fig. 92). Two drops of water that have fallen side by side on the watershed of two basins, such as the Volga and the Dnieper, can fall one into the Caspian Sea, the other into the Black Sea.

river system

A river with all its tributaries (including rivers flowing into tributaries) is called river system.

The lower reaches of the river are where the water flows, the upper reaches of the river where it flows from. How to determine where the right bank of the river is, where is the left? We must stand facing down the river, then along right hand there will be the right bank, on the left - the left.

River classification

Rivers by relief

• Mountain rivers.
• Flat rivers.

mountain rivers

mountain rivers, as a rule, flow in narrow, rocky valleys, with steep slopes, the relative height of which in some places reaches 2000 m. It takes tens and even hundreds of thousands of years for the river to dig such a valley in the mountains. No wonder people say: "Water wears away a stone." These narrow valleys are called gorges.

lowland rivers

Waterfall- this is the fall of the water of the river from the ledge formed in its channel.

If the river meets a steep ledge on its way, then the water, falling from it, forms a waterfall (Fig. 97). The highest waterfall in the world Angel(1054 m) is located on the Churun ​​River in South America. One of the tallest waterfalls in Africa Victoria on the Zambezi River. The water of this river falls from a height of 120 meters. In the area of ​​​​the waterfall, everything is shrouded in mist. Another large waterfall - Niagara - is located in North America on the Niagara River.

Economic activity human impact on river systems. A sharp increase in water consumption in industry, in agriculture(for irrigation), for household needs leads to depletion, pollution, deterioration of water quality in rivers. In many countries, the government and the population are taking measures to protect rivers and reduce water consumption.

Rivers' pollution

Pollution of rivers brings great harm to nature and national economy. Dirty wastewater factories and factories destroy eggs and fry of fish, and sometimes adult fish. It is dangerous to swim in such rivers, their water becomes unfit for drinking.

In civilized countries, it is forbidden to pour untreated water from factories and factories into rivers. Special monitoring services monitor the state of water in rivers and lakes.

Poaching

It is necessary to fight against those who jam, poison fish and catch it with spears - these are prohibited methods of fishing.

AT description of the river the following information should be provided.

• The name of the river.
• What river is it a tributary of?
• The width of the river, its depth (approximately).
• How many meters can a float thrown into the river swim in one minute?
• The temperature of the water in the river (at the surface and at depth). The temperature at depth is determined using a bathometer. A bathometer tied to a string is lowered to the desired depth. Then they sharply pull the string so that the cork pops out, and water is drawn into the bottle. After that, the bathometer is removed and the temperature of the water in the bottle is measured.

What are the main rivers, tributaries

• The air temperature is

• Essay on small rivers

• Mars relief

• Classification of rivers by size

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