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POLITICS AND AUTHORITY LESSON OF SOCIAL STUDIES. 10 cl. BASIC LEVEL MOU ILYINSKAYA SOSH. SMIRNOV EVGENIY BORISOVICH. [email protected]

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POLITICAL ACTIVITY AND SOCIETY. Science offers various definitions of political activity: politics is the activity of state bodies, political parties, social movements in the field of relations between large social groups, primarily classes, nations and states aimed at integrating their efforts with the aim of strengthening political power or conquering its specific methods of politics REPRESENTS A SPECIAL VARIETY OF ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF SOCIAL GROUPS, PARTIES, MOVEMENTS, INDIVIDUALS IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE SOCIETY AND THE STATE, THEIR MANAGEMENT OR THE IMPACT ON THIS MANAGEMENT. CONCLUSION: POLICY IS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF POWER

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CONCEPTS AND TERMS POLITICS, POWER, POLITICAL PARTIES, ELITE, STATE, POLITICAL ACTIONS, POLITICAL SPHERE, POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL SCIENCE, TERRORISM, EXTREMISM.

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THE PROBLEM WHY THE POLICY IS NEEDED TO BE TALKED ABOUT IT. WHAT IS POLICY? TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS LET'S TRY TO CONSIDER POLITICS: 1. AS A KIND OF HUMAN ACTIVITY. 2. AS A SPHERE OF PUBLIC LIFE 3. AS A TYPE OF SOCIAL RELATIONS

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POLITICAL POWER POLITICAL ACTIVITIES, POLITICAL RELATIONSHIPS, POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS - THIS IS A POLITICAL PARTY THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER. WHAT IS POLITICAL POWER? POWER POWER (PARENTS, MILITARY, ETC.) - MEANS THE ABILITY TO COMMAND, ORDER AND MANAGE. THE ONE IN POWER CAN APPLY SANCTIONS AGAINST OR IN SUPPORT. THIS IS THE AUTHORITY OF POWER. POWER ARISES BECAUSE OF THE NEED TO REGULATE SOCIAL RELATIONS DIFFERENT TYPES OF POWER: POWER ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL INFORMATION CORRECTIVE POLITICAL POWER

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POLITICAL ACTIVITY AND SOCIETY. IN POLITICS AS IN THEATER: ACTORS, AUDIENCE OR SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS OF POLITICS: PEOPLE AS SUBJECTS OF POLITICS ACCORDING TO WEBER: POLITICS BY OCCASION ELECTIONS OF POLICY PART-TIME PROFESSIONAL POLITICS

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POLITICAL ACTIVITY AND SOCIETY. THE SUBJECT OF POLICY IS SOCIAL GROUPS: CLASSES, LAYERS, NATIONS. POLITICAL PARTIES AND ASSOCIATIONS POLITICAL ELITES. OF THE REVOLUTION THE MOST ACTIVE SUBJECT OF POLICY IS THE STATE PARTY, MEDIA

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POLITICAL ACTIVITY SO THE SUBJECTS OF POLICY ARE: INDIVIDUALS, SOCIAL GROUPS, POLIT. ORGANIZATIONS, ELITES. ACTIVITIES OF POLICY SUBJECTS PRESERVING THE INTEGRITY OF SOCIETY AND FOR CHANGES IN WHICH THE POLICY SUBJECT OR THE WHOLE SOCIETY IS INTERESTED. POLICY HAS DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS - ACCORDING TO THE OBJECT OF POLITICAL IMPACT: THE OBJECT OF ECONOMIC. POLITICS - ECONOMY. SOCIAL - SOCIAL SPHERE POLITICAL ACTIVITIES ARE IMPACTED BY THE INTERESTS OF THE SUBJECTS OF POLICY - FOR WHICH THE INTERESTS OF CERTAIN SOCIAL GROUPS WHICH ARE INTERESTED IN BETTER SATISFACTION OF NEEDS

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Political activity if you present according to the scheme, it turns out: people based on interests set themselves political goals for these goals form the leaders, parties, elites, these goals involve participation in power or impact on power to achieve goals. Various political actions are carried out: the organization of parties , GOVERNMENT DECISIONS, RALLYS, ETC. DURING THESE ACTIONS, DIFFERENT MEANS OF POLITICAL ACTIVITY ARE USED: PEACEFUL AND NON-PEACEFUL, ORGANIZATION AND PROMOTIONAL, THEORETICAL AND DIPLOMATIC.

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DOES THE END JUST JUST THE MEANS THE MAIN ISSUE: DOES THE END JUST JUST THE MEANS PRINCIPLE SOME POLICIES FOLLOW THIS PRINCIPLE. THIS PRINCIPLE IS FREQUENTLY USED BY TERRORISTS AND EXTREMIISTS NICOLO MACHIAVELLI THE SOVEREIGN SHOULD BE GOOD AND EVIL. MODERN POLICIES POLITICS HAVE TO CHOOSE WHAT ACTIONS TO TAKE

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POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT PLACE THE MOST IMPORTANT POLITICAL INSTITUTION: THE STATE ITS FEATURES: TERRITORY, PUBLIC AUTHORITY, SOVEREIGNTY, LAWS, TAXES. THE STATE INCLUDES: THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE PRESIDENCE, THE THREE BRANCHES OF POWER, THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTIONS POLITICAL PARTIES ANY PARTY EXPRESSES THE INTEREST OF A CERTAIN CLASS, LAYER. THIS IS A VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION OF PEOPLE. PURPOSE - ACHIEVEMENT OF POWER. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE. PARTY CHARTER. PARTY PROGRAM. In the Russian Federation - LAW "OPOLITICAL PARTIES" 2001.

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CONCEPTS OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS. POLIT. PARTY - (FROM LAT. PARTIAL. - PART, DIVIDE.) - ESSENCE FROM DIFFERENT APPROACHES: PARTY - GROUP BASED ON IDEOLOGICAL TIES. - LIBERAL TRADITION PARTY - REPRESENTATIVE OF CLASS INTERESTS - MARXIST TRADITION - PARTY HIGHEST FORM ORGANIZATION OF CLASS. PARTY - AS ONE OF THE ORGANIZATIONS - INSTITUTIONS POL. SYSTEMS. THIS APPROACH IS NATURAL TO MODERN WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE.

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CONCEPTS OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS. ON THE BASIS OF THESE APPROACHES, THE MOST GENERAL ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF A POLITICAL PARTY ARE SELECTED. THE CONSIGNMENT. A CERTAIN IDEOLOGY, A SYSTEM OF COMMON VALUES IN THE PTII PROGRAM. CURRENTLY THE IDEOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES ARE VAGUABLE. ORGANIZATION - VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION OF PEOPLE - ORG. PRINCIPLES IN THE CHARTER.

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CONCEPTS OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS. THE CONSIGNMENT. PURPOSE OF THE PARTIES TO CONQUER THE STATE. THE AUTHORITY TO REALIZE THE INTERESTS OF SOCIAL GROUPS WHICH IT EXPRESSES. THE PARTY RELYS ON THE SUPPORT OF VOTERS, ATTRACTING THEM BY CAMPAIGNING FOR THEIR PRE-ELECTION PROGRAM.

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CONCLUSION. A POLITICAL PARTY is a VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION OF PEOPLE OF A CERTAIN IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL ORIENTATION, STRIVING TO CONQUER STATE POWER OR PARTICIPATE IN ITS IMPLEMENTATION TO REALIZE THE INTERESTS OF THAT OR OTHER SOCIAL GROUPS AND POPULATION SLATS. THREE LEVELS OF THE PARTY BLOCK OF VOTERS - THE MASS BASE OF THE PARTY. THIS LEVEL IS THE MOST UNCERTAIN. THERE ARE SIGNALS ABOUT PEOPLE'S NEEDS. OFFICIAL PARTY ORGANIZATION - LEADERS PARTY BUREAUCRACY, PARTY IDEOLOGIES, ASSETS, PRIVATE PARTY MEMBERS. PARTY IN THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT - OFFICIALS IN THE STATE APPLICATION.

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SOCIO-POLITICAL MOVEMENTS. SOCIO-POLITICAL MOVEMENTS ARE THE SOLIDARY ACTIVITY OF CITIZENS AIMED TO ACHIEVING A SIGNIFICANT POLITICAL GOAL. THE CORE OF THE MOVEMENT: INITIATIVE GROUPS, CLUBS, UNIONS. DIFFERENCES FROM PARTIES DO NOT SET THE PURPOSE OF COMING TO POWER. ASSOCIATIONS OF PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT POLITICAL VIEWS BUT AGREED ON THE SOLUTION OF ANY PROBLEM.- PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS. MOVEMENTS ARE MASSIVE. WHEN THE GOAL IS ACHIEVED THEY CAN CEASE EXISTENCE.

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TYPOLOGY AND FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES BY IDEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: LIBERAL, CONSERVATIVE, SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC, COMMUNIST, FASCIST, NATIONALIST, CLERAL, etc. FROM PARTY PROGRAMS EXTREME LEFT, LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT, EXTREME RIGHT. THE EXTREME LEFT COMMUNISTS. LEFT SOC. AND SOC DEMOCRATS. CENTRAL-MODERATE PARTIES. RIGHT-LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES. THE EXTREME RIGHT- FASCISTS AND NEO-FASHISTS.

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FUNCTIONS OF PARTIES POLITICAL PARTIES PROVIDE INTERCONNECTION OF THE STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY. 1. FUNCTION-REPRESENTATION IN POWER STRUCTURES OF SOCIAL INTERESTS. 2. REVEALING AND COORDINATION OF GROUP INTERESTS OF CITIZENS - GIVING THEM THE CHARACTER OF POLITICAL REQUIREMENTS AND GOALS. 3. PARTIES PERFORM AN ELECTORAL FUNCTION. 4. THE FUNCTION OF POLITICAL MOBILIZATION - INVOLVING PEOPLE TO POLITICS. 5. SELECTION AND EDUCATION OF SEX. LEADERS AND ELITES.

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PARTY SYSTEM IN RUSSIA. THE PARTY SYSTEM IS IN THE STAGE OF FORMATION. IN THE 90s - MANY PARTIES SINCE 2004 - REQUIREMENTS FOR PARTIES - 50 THOUSAND, ELECTIONS ON PARTY LISTS, HIGH THRESHOLD - FROM 5 TO 7% 7% - PLACES IN THE DUMA - CHANGE OF PARTY LEADERS.

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DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS. TRENDS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY THE INFLUENCE OF TRADITIONAL PARTIES IS DECLINED, ABOVE ALL THE COMPUTER PARTIES. THERE IS A TREND OF APPROACH OF SOCIAL DEMOCRATIES AND CONSERVATIVES. THE COMMITMENT OF PARTIES TO PARTICULAR SOCIAL STRATEGIES WEAKENED - “SPLITTING THE VOTING. INCREASING ROLE OF THE MEDIA. PARTIES LOSE THE FUNCTION OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF THE MASS

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DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS. TRENDS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY, WITH INCREASING THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION, PARTIES LOSE THE ROLE OF POLITICAL MOBILIZATION OF THE MASS. THE ROLE OF MOVEMENTS IS INCREASING. THE UNIVERSAL PARTIES AND PARTIES OF THE MOVEMENT TYPE ARE GAINING STRENGTH - THE PARTIES OF THE NEW WAVE - RIGID CONTROL OVER THE PARTY LEADERSHIP AND DEPUTIES. THE FUNCTION OF THE PARTY REMAINS - THE SELECTION OF LEADERS AND ELITES

Global politics

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Master's program "World Politics". What is the science of world politics? What are the objectives of the master's program "World Politics"? To give listeners deep knowledge in the field of world politics and international relations. Who teaches at the World Politics program? Teachers leading the course of lectures on the program: Courses of lectures and seminars are aimed at researching: What are the benefits of the World Politics program? Your additional features when studying under the program "World Politics": Partners of the program "World Politics": The Master's program "World Politics" was opened 10 years ago. - Policy.ppt

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Man in political life. Subjects of policy. Who are the policy actors? What is a political elite? What is political consciousness and political behavior? Political participation citizen in a democratic state. The concept of political culture. Typology of political cultures. Basic concepts and terms. Basic concepts: political participation, political culture. Terms: political role, political subculture. Political life. political participation. Ordinary citizens voluntarily join politics, putting pressure on the authorities. Types or forms of participation of citizens in political life. - 2.ppt policy

political conflict

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political conflict. Settlement of conflicts. Basic concepts and terms. Basic concepts: political conflict. Terms: negotiation, compromise, arbitration. Main problem. Conflict in politics: is it an evil or a necessity. Sources and significance of conflicts in politics. Political life cannot be imagined without conflicts. Realization of interests and goals in the sphere of state power. Conflicts grow out of social contradictions. Sources and significance of conflicts in politics. Conflicts also arise as a result of political contradictions. Systems. Sources and significance of conflicts in politics. - 3.ppt policy

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Levels of analysis and planning of political actions. Policy levels. Civilization. Modern approach. Success in " cold war". Americans. Conflict between groups of different civilizations. Modern civilizational problems. Geography of civilizations. The concept of "civilization" in the XXI century. Civilizational (global) level. Strategic decisions. The term "game". Modern example. Factors. Time. Ability to respond. Strategic Factor. Trends. Players. Strategic forecast. Regional level. Features of the present. Strong player. Two interrelated postulates. - Policy organization levels.pptx

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The human dimension of politics. The humanism of politics. principle of humanism. Morality and morality. What is "conscience"? Morality and politics. Differences. 4 approaches to the relationship of politics and morality. moralistic approach. Russian religious philosopher. Politics is beyond morality. Niccolo Machiavelli. Politics. compromise approach. The problem of institutionalization of moral requirements. What are "human rights"? Inalienable freedoms. Marek Nowicki. From a lecture by Marek Nowicki. synthetic definition. Universal recognition. Where does the right come from? Human rights. The first generation of human rights. - Policy measurement.ppt

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Politics and power

Politics in three dimensions POLITICS one of many types of human activity, activity of social groups and individuals sphere of public life, one of the subsystems of society as a whole type of social relations between individuals, small groups and large communities Politics (Greek politiko "- state or public affairs , from po "lis - the state), a field of activity associated with relations between classes, nations and other social groups, the core of which is the problem of gaining, retaining and using state power.

Political activity and society Three degrees of involvement of individuals in political activity (M. Weber) Politicians "on the occasion" Professional politicians Politicians "part-time" professional activity, simultaneously engaged in politics life "for politics" or "at the expense" of politics

Max Weber Emil Maximilian Weber (Max Weber German. Max Weber; (April 21, 1864 - June 14, 1920) - German sociologist, historian and economist. Elder brother of Alfred Weber. In 1892-1894, assistant professor, and then extraordinary professor in Berlin , in 1894-1896 - professor of national economics at Freiburg, from 1896 - at Heidelberg, from 1919 - at the University of Munich. One of the founders of the "German Sociological Society" (1909). Since 1918, professor of national economics in Vienna. In 1919 - Advisor to the German delegation at the Versailles negotiations.

Political activity and society The subjects of politics are concrete political carriers of diverse political activities aimed at gaining, protecting or using power in order to realize their fundamental interests. Individuals Social groups (classes, social strata, ethnic communities, estates, etc.) Political organizations and associations (political parties) State Political elite - relatively small groups of people who exert greatest influence for political decision making.

Political activity and society The activity of political subjects is aimed at society as a whole Preservation of its integrity, implementation of changes in it that meet the interests of a certain political subject or the whole society, unlike other types of activity Different areas in politics are usually called by the name of the object of political influence.

Political activities and society Political activities Interests of political subjects (their goals) Participation in power or influence on power Political actions: organization of parties, adoption of government decisions, election campaigns, speeches in parliament, political rallies, holding party congresses, appeals to the people, development of political programs, referendums, coups d'état, visits of government delegations, etc. Means of political activity peaceful violent theoretical diplomatic organizational propaganda

Political sphere and political institutions Structure of the political sphere Various forms political activities Organizations and institutions Relationships between people that arise in the course of political activity Political consciousness of people Political institutions A group of people specializing in the implementation of political activities Political norms The means necessary to achieve the set goals

Political sphere and political institutions The state is the main political institution. STATE: the institution of the presidency, the institutions of legislative, executive and judicial power, the institution of elections, etc.

Political sphere and political institutions their representatives in state authorities and local self-government (the most important political institution). Signs of a party striving to achieve its goals through conquest of power or participation in the exercise of power striving to create for itself a mass support existence in a historically extended period of time the presence of a clear organizational structure enshrined in the party charter common ideas for party members set forth in the party program

Political sphere and political institutions Law "On Political Parties" (2001): A political party is a public association created for the participation of citizens of the Russian Federation in the political life of society through the formation and expression of their political will, participation in public and political actions, in elections and referendums, as well as for the purpose of representing the interests of citizens in public authorities and local governments. The main goals of the political party formation public opinion expression of citizens' opinions on any issues of public life, bringing these opinions to the attention of the general public and state authorities in their work

Political relations Political relations are a set of diverse, multi-level relationships and interactions between political subjects. They are governed by a set of social norms: political principles, traditions, legal and ethical norms. Political relations The distribution of power, rights and powers in society The delimitation of the subjects of competence of the center and places The nature of relations depends on economic and social factors, from the political culture of society, as well as from the political will of the subjects of politics.

Subjects of relations (relations between): state bodies and institutions (for example, between the government and parliament) the state and social groups (state and entrepreneurs) the state and non-state public organizations and movements (state and church) political parties, as well as between political parties and non-political organizations (parties and trade unions) the state and citizens various states in the international arena Political relations between the state and international political associations (UN, NATO)

Political relations Types of political relations: rivalry, competition (between political parties) mutual responsibility (between a citizen and the state) support (voters and a certain party) union (several states) cooperation (a certain party and trade unions) conflict (between states or a state and one or another another social group), etc.

Political power Power is the ability and ability to exercise one's will, to influence the activities and behavior of other people, even in spite of resistance. The need to regulate social relations, harmonize conflicting interests, make interactions between people expedient and organized. The Emergence of Power Power Society cannot maintain its integrity and viability, social ties are being destroyed.

Types of power: Economic power - power in the field of economics, management. This is control over economic resources: material values, money, technology, fertile lands, minerals, etc. Social power is the ability to influence the position of various segments of the population, the ability to raise or lower social status individuals and groups. Cultural-informational power is the power over people with the help of scientific knowledge, information. It's control over the means mass media newspapers, radio, television. Coercive power means controlling people through physical strength or threats to use it. It relies on the army, police, security service, court and prosecutor's office. POLITICAL POWER is the right, ability and ability to uphold and implement certain Political Views, settings and goals. Political power

Political power Signs of political power: extends to the whole society, to all living in the territory of a given state; its orders are binding on all other types of power acts on the basis of the law on behalf of the whole society only it has the legal right to use force within the country this power has the ability to use a variety of means (not only coercive, but also economic, social, cultural and informational) to it is characterized by the existence of a single nationwide center for political decision-making

Types of power By purpose: judicial, legislative and executive By place in the structure of power: central, regional and local By the main subject: monarchical and republican Political power POLITICS POWER Political science (Greek πολιτικός - public, from Greek πόλις - city; other Greek λόγος - teaching, word), or political science, - the science of politics, that is, a special sphere of people's life associated with power relations, with the state-political organization of society, political institutions, principles , norms, the action of which is designed to ensure the functioning of society, the relationship between people, society and the state.

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Presentation on the topic: Politics and power

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CONCEPT, ESSENCE, REASONS FOR THE ORIGIN OF POLICY Political power is a special social institution that regulates social relations and behavior of the individual. Power is the determining influence on the behavior of the masses, groups, organizations with the help of the means possessed by the state. The concept of power resources is the most important social reason for the subordination of some people to others is the uneven distribution of power resources.

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CONCEPT, ESSENCE, REASONS FOR THE ORIGIN OF POLICY The subject of power embodies its active, guiding principle. It can be an individual, an organization, a community of people, for example, a people, or even global community united in the UN. The subjects of political power have a complex, multi-level nature: its primary subjects are individuals, the secondary ones are political organizations, the subjects of the highest level, directly representing various social groups and the whole people in power relations, are political elites and leaders. Communication between these levels can be broken. The object of power is always bilateral, asymmetric, with the dominance of the will of the ruler, the interaction of its subject and object.

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CONCEPT, STRUCTURE AND ESSENCE OF POWER Political power is characterized by a number of hallmarks: 1. An essential feature of political power is its reliance on the state. 2. Supremacy, binding decisions for any other power. 3. Publicity. 4. Monocentricity. Political power is subdivided into: state public.

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FEATURES OF POLITICAL POWER. LEGITIMACY OF POWER Signs of political power are: 1) publicity, that is, universality and without personal character; 2) a monopoly on the regulation of political life, the binding nature of its decisions for any other government; 3) monocentricity - the presence of a single decision-making center; 4) the possibility of legal use of means of coercion and social violence. The specificity of political power largely depends on the form of its implementation. In modern scientific literature, as a rule, two forms of exercising political power are distinguished: - relations of domination and subordination; - relationship of leadership and acceptance.

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THE STRUCTURE OF POLITICAL POWER IN RUSSIA popular assemblies, state assemblies, supreme councils, legislative assemblies republics within the Russian Federation; dumas, legislative assemblies, regional assemblies and other legislative authorities of territories, regions, cities of federal significance, autonomous region and autonomous regions. Legislative authorities are divided into federal and regional (subjects of the Federation).

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STRUCTURE OF THE POLITICAL POWER OF RUSSIA Executive power The concept and types of executive power. An executive body is a type of state body that is vested with the right, on behalf of the state, to carry out the functions of executive power and, within the framework of its competence, to solve problems that arise in the process government controlled. In terms of composition, the executive authority includes two main elements: an objective element that characterizes its statics. subjective, expressing its dynamics.

slide number 10

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STRUCTURE OF THE POLITICAL POWER OF RUSSIA Judicial power Judicial power is a type of state power. It is carried out by state bodies, expresses the will of the state, it is constituted by state-authoritative powers. Judicial power belongs only to the courts - state bodies. The exclusivity of the judiciary is its next sign. Judicial power is exercised only by the courts.

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slide number 12

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THE STRUCTURE OF POLITICAL POWER IN RUSSIA Soviet period» Russian history by virtue of the unification of all public life, building a rigid system of political management "from top to bottom" with simultaneous sole predominance and dominance of the center contributed to the leveling of the "regional component". And the second half of the 1990s, including due to the imbalance of the previous model of political development, made it possible to approach the need to study regional problems. However, even now, many authors substantiate the importance of studying regional problems exclusively by “new” political realities: the sovereignization of territories, the expansion of the powers of regional authorities, and the search for a new model of state structure.

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THE STRUCTURE OF POLITICAL AUTHORITY IN RUSSIA Local self-government The Russian Federation recognizes and guarantees local self-government. Local self-government within its powers independently. Local self-government bodies are not included in the system of state authorities. First of all: 1. All activities of local self-government develop on the basis of and in accordance with the laws in force on the territory of the state. This means that everything government bodies, officials, enterprises and institutions, citizens and their associations are obliged to observe the rights of local self-government. 2. Moreover, the state, by its acts, can endow local self-government with additional powers, transfer some of the functions of its bodies to them, and transfer new objects to municipal ownership.

slide number 14

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Plan What is a policy? Political power Political organizations What does it take to become a politician?

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1. What is a policy? this is the art of government; this is an activity related to relations between large social groups, social strata, nations in the sphere of state power; this is participation in the affairs of the state: determining the form of the state, tasks, and the content of its activities.

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2. Political power Influences various spheres of public relations. Manages the society. Determines the main directions of the country's development, develops and makes decisions, eliminates urgent problems. Carries out day-to-day management of the most important processes in society.

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Therefore, in society there is a struggle for power and its use for the implementation of a particular policy. Power, if necessary, forces large masses of people to perform certain tasks and decisions.

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3. Political organizations Active representatives of various social groups unite in political organizations, express the interests of these groups and participate in political life. Public associations Clubs Unions Mass movements Political parties, etc. Strive to influence the authorities

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Signs of a political party Strives for the conquest of power. There is a long period of time. Has a clear organizational structure and mass support. Brings together people with similar views. General ideas are presented in the program.