Holocaust "burnt offering") - the designation of the mass murder of Jews, - presentation. The Holocaust - Remember or Forget? The origin of anti-Semitism in Germany. The Holocaust (from the Greek. Holocaust "burnt offering") - the designation of the massacres of Jews, - presentation What
The origin of anti-Semitism in Germany. The Holocaust (from Greek Holocaust "burnt offering") - the designation of the massacres of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs in the years. fascists.
"The Holocaust is a tip on the arrow of anti-Semitism, carved for centuries..." (L. Koval).
"Anti-Semitism is the international language of the fascists" (I. Ehrenburg).
Judophobia - literally "fear of the Jew" - intolerance towards Jews, a synonym for anti-Semitism.
“Because the Jewish people are incapable of productive activity, he was unable to create a state on his own territory .... By the end of the 19th century, the Jews had practically completed the economic conquest of Europe, and now they began to exercise political control over it. The first attempts in this direction were manifested in the intention to eradicate the intelligentsia of other peoples with the help of revolutionary upheavals. Jewry's merciless struggle for power is going on in our time in Germany. However, the National Socialist movement unraveled the plans of the Jews and opposed them. Our National Socialist Party is the only force in the world that has undertaken this struggle against vile and criminal designs against humanity.”
Law for the Protection of German Blood and the German Race of September 15, 1935 Marriages between Jews and state subjects of German or kindred blood are prohibited. 2. Sexual intercourse between Jews and state subjects of German or kindred blood is prohibited. 3. Jews are forbidden to hire women in their homes - state subjects of German or kindred blood, who have not reached the age of 45. Jews are allowed to wear clothes of Jewish colors. This right is protected by the state.
FIRST EXPLANATION TO THE REICH CITIZENSHIP LAW OF NOVEMBER 14, 1935 4.1. A Jew cannot be a citizen of the Reich. He does not have the right to vote in political matters, cannot hold positions in public institutions Jewish officials will be dismissed by December 31, 1935 Jewish ancestors.
Then some Jews perished. More than 30,000 Jews were then sent to concentration camps.
There are no monuments above Babi Yar. A steep cliff, like a rough tombstone. I'm scared. Today I am as old as the Jewish people themselves. I think Dreyfus is me. Philistinism is my informer and judge. I'm behind bars. I got into the ring. Hounded, spat on, slandered. And the Brussels-frilled ladies, Squealing, poked my face with their umbrellas. It seems to me that I am a boy in Bialystok. Blood pours, spreading across the floors. The leaders of the tavern stand are outrageous And they smell of vodka and onions in half. I, thrown off by a boot, am powerless. In vain I pray to the pogromists. Under the cackle: "Beat the Jews, save Russia!" - The meadowsweet rapes my mother. Oh, my Russian people! - I know - you are essentially international. But often those whose hands are unclean have rattled Your purest name. I know the goodness of your land. How vile that, without flinching, the Anti-Semites pompously called themselves the "Union of the Russian people"! It seems to me - Above Babi Yar, the rustle of wild herbs. The trees look menacingly, like a judge. Everything is silently screaming here, and, taking off my hat, I feel how I am slowly turning gray. And I myself, like a continuous soundless cry, Above the thousands of thousands buried. I am every shot old man here. I am every shot child here. Nothing in me will forget about it! Let the "International" thunder, When the last anti-Semite on earth will be buried forever. There is no Jewish blood in my blood. But I am hated by hardened malice to all anti-Semites, like a Jew, And therefore - I am a real Russian!
holocaust
THREE NAMES
THREE FACETS OF TRAGEDY
Slide 7 - vocabulary
Slide 8 - vocabulary
Slide 10 - the history of the disasters of the Jewish people
Slide 11 - vocabulary
Slide 12 - chronology of destruction
Slide 16 - vocabulary
Slide 17 - vocabulary
Slide 19 - Fascist decrees on the "solution of the Jewish question"
Slide 20 - vocabulary
Slide 24 - the struggle of the Jews against the Nazis
Slide 25 - ghetto uprisings
Slide 29 - pictures
slide 30 questions
To the audience
Understand the causes of modern genocide, comprehend world history in the twentieth century, it is impossible to stop the resurgent fascism without knowing the history of the Holocaust. In the course of studying the world and national history There is no place for the Holocaust in the school curriculum. Therefore, we, understanding the urgency of the problem, its moral sense and educational tasks, we decided to consider this issue at least within the framework of the project. The tragedy of the Holocaust is not only part of Jewish history; this is part
world history. Talking about the Holocaust that befell the Jewish people during the Second World War is also talking about the problems of modern civilization, about its illnesses, about the danger that threatens it.
Hebrew bitterness – Shoah , Catastrophe. The catastrophe that befell the Jews. Far from the first in a series of deaths that have awaited them since biblical times. Is it the last one?...
Nazi pal-chesky secret writing - Endlosung , final decision. The final for the Jews is a deletion from the register of the living. The final for the Germans - perpetuation "master race". The final thing for the world is the transformation of all other peoples that make it up into a hierarchy of pariahs ...
And, finally, received a planetary residence permit Holocaust - burnt offering: a crematorium for the living ... A pagan sacrificial rite returned to the new European civilization on the verge of breaking it progressive imperative. Ashes that remind people of their indestructible "beginnings" and their non-excluded (in the near future) end .
What gave rise to and justified the Holocaust?
antisemitism Martin Luther is often attributed to his personal weakness or mental confusion that he suffered in last years life. This is incorrect for two reasons. First, from the very beginning he was a supporter hate. Second, anti-Semitism is built into his very theology. Luther despised the Jews of the Bible as much as he did the Jews of his day. His theology justified and engendered Holocaust . "Theologian of the Holocaust" - such a definition Luther fully deserved.
The world of the Holocaust... This is yesterday ...? Or also tomorrow ...? We could say more: the world of Kampuchea, the world of Karabakh, the world of Sarajevo…. Why has man's killing of man regained such gigantic power? To understand this, you need to know the history of the Holocaust, the history of the Jewish people, their torments and their destruction...
Genocide... What is it - an atavism that escaped from somewhere in the depths of human beings, or a neoplasm, a malignant tumor of the soul modern man? Inside the genocide is a problem that we still do not understand. It just so happened in history that only the murder, only the death of hundreds and thousands of innocent people make us think about problems, the solutions of which we still do not know.
Is it possible that this terrible gene will remain in the blood, in the brain of our children and grandchildren - Genocide ?!
How is one to understand an atrocity whose banality contrasts so strikingly with its dimensions? Perhaps one needs to go one step further to see systematic murder obsession final answer to the question that man has been asking himself for more than one millennium: Who am I? »
Yes, you may remind me that the Holocaust has a definite chronology and a fairly well-defined space. And one could agree with this if it was 1945 outside the window, when the conviction in the impossibility of repetition was still alive in people. But today, in a world shaking with explosions and changes, who dares to eliminate the danger new Catastrophes of destruction of mankind from within? No matter how sacredly this man may believe in impossibility the revival of the universal nightmare of the swastika, he will not get confidence to do this.
Speaking of phenomena like the Holocaust, it is perhaps not even necessary to use the word tragedy . Classic tragedy, accompanied by catharsis-purification already gone from our world. After what we do, more than repentance is required!
Maybe it's blasphemous, but a simple word comes to mind an experience . Do millions of people have to die in order for the next generations to acquire the necessary an experience ?! And yet, I have no other word ...
An experience .…This is a meeting with alive dead. They exist, they are among us, they walk this earth with us. They died back then, having ended up in the ghetto during the war. Dozens of years have passed since then, but they miraculously survived, still hear sounds feel smells , see ghetto colors .…
And who knows what weighs more on the scales of the soul - irretrievable losses or this terrible experience. But perhaps, God willing, it is he who will wean us from the habitual thought that what is done today can be corrected tomorrow. God willing, we will understand that the trial and error method has sunk into oblivion forever, since the price of this method is human life!
Why was the nightmare not averted?
For an explanation, we again and again turn to the phenomenon of Nazism. And not only to what he brought to human life, not only to his origin, but also to the question of how and why this phenomenon was allowed, why it grew so magnificently, embracing almost an entire continent, why they followed it millions of people? Social despair, feelings of woundedness crystallized into an offended national feeling. The shift in the human soul and mind turned out to be sufficient for the formation of a new human breed, which can be conditionally called SS .
However, people of this breed organically need Leader, Fuhrer!
And the contender for this role was safely found! Adolf Schicklgruber... Hitler!... Economic depression, extreme nationalism as a reaction to the defeat in the First World War, unrest, disillusionment with democracy aroused fierce anti-Semitism in many Germans. Taking advantage of the general dissatisfaction with economic difficulties, Hitler asserted a racist theory, openly speaking out against the Jews. The Jews were accused of the defeat of Germany, of spreading communist ideas, of seeking to destroy democratic regimes in Europe.
What else made the Holocaust possible? In the book of Mark Eidelman, one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, a strikingly vivid case is described. When the trains that took Jews to their deaths began to return empty, the Polish underground Jews reported to London about what had happened. In response, no sound. And the point here is not only and not so much in the lack of resources and the presence of self-interest, but, above all, in disbelief . The person was not prepared to accept such ! What is there to say about London! The ghetto prisoners themselves did not believe the terrible truth!
However, the Jews were not at all going to humbly, like a herd of cattle, go to the slaughter!...
“We will not be led like sheep to the slaughter! It is true that we are weak and defenseless, but resistance should be the only answer to the enemy!
Brothers! It is better to die as free fighters than to survive at the mercy of assassins!
Resist! Till the last breath!"
The most massive, longest and most desperate was the uprising that began in April 1943 in the Warsaw ghetto.
The Polish-Jewish historian Ben Mark wrote: "Many wars of liberation carried the germ of inevitable defeat, but none of them bore the stamp of such a deep tragedy as the last fighting impulse of the remnants of the inhabitants of the Warsaw ghetto, which flared up on the grave of their neighbors, without a rear, almost without weapons, with no chance of victory." October 2, 1940 In the 1990s, the German military authorities allocated part of the city for the Jewish ghetto and imprisoned all the Jewish residents of Warsaw and its immediate environs. AT July 1942 mass deportations to Treblinka began.
Before September 13, 1942 about 300,000 Jews were deported or died in the ghetto. January 18, 1943 The second action of the deportation of Jews began. The Jewish underground offered open armed resistance to the Germans. Street fighting continued for three days. The Germans managed to send only 6 thousand people to Treblinka. About 1600 were killed in the ghetto itself.
Memory of the victims of the Holocaust
The words of the song to the melody "Tum - balalaika", which shared with our Jewish people both joys and troubles, were recorded from the voice of the February blizzard, circling in the blue twilight outside the windows of the Minsk hotel "Olympic", towering on Masherov Avenue, not far from the square Anniversary, which during the years of the Nazi occupation of the city was part of the Minsk ghetto, was called Judenplatz and absorbed then a lot of Jewish tears and blood.
In 1968, the poet and bard A. Galich wrote a song about the grief, pain and horrors of the Jewish ghetto.
Once, in one of the concerts, A. Galich, anticipating this song, said this: “... I was told that the favorite melody of the camp authorities in Auschwitz, the melody to which they sent the next batch of the doomed to death, was the song “Tum- balalaika ", which was performed by the orchestra of prisoners .."
And the hall stood up!
The Holocaust... This is not a Jewish, this is a Russian question. Tens of years in our native multinational Russia it was a closed topic. The facts were known to many but … Silent memory is a bad ally. You can't rely on her. She cannot be appealed to. As terrible as this truth is, it needs to be told. To find the strength in oneself to overcome the terrible thing that a person found in himself. So that our children and our grandchildren do not come face to face with horror and shame of the Holocaust .
Talk about the Holocaust
Slide number 1 - memorial in Berlin
Children, today I would like to offer you a serious talk on a very important topic: the Holocaust. We could choose another topic for conversation, we could just watch a movie, but I am deeply convinced that if humanity does not remember the Holocaust, it risks repeating it.
Connection with Victory Day: if there had been no victory, the Holocaust would not have ended.
Who knows what the word Holocaust means?
“Holocaust” is a Greek word, it has the following meanings: “burnt offering”, “destruction by fire”, “sacrifice”.
When people say the word "holocaust" they mean the policy of Nazi Germany and its allies to persecute and exterminate 6 million Jews in 1933-1945. A synonym for the word Holocaust - "Shoah" - translated from Hebrew means disaster, catastrophe.
What is genocide?
Genocide is an act of complete or partial destruction of any national, ethnic, racial or religious group.
In this photo you can see the Berlin Holocaust Memorial built a few years ago. In the immediate vicinity of Potsdamer Platz and the Brandenburg Gate, a sea of 2,700 black-and-green concrete stelae froze. In the center they reach four meters in height.
Slide number 2. Photos of the victims, figures
During the Holocaust, approximately 35% of the Jews of the whole world were destroyed, about a third of the Gypsies, a quarter of Belarusians. The disabled and the mentally ill were also exterminated. Of all the atrocities of Nazi Germany, this is the worst.
The inaccuracy of the figures is explained by the fact that often Jewish communities were completely destroyed, and there were no relatives, friends, or relatives left who could tell the names of the dead.
The person who bears the burden of responsibility for the genocide of the Jewish people is Adolf Hitler.
Slide number 3. Photos of Hitler
In his youth, he encountered Jews several times, from communication with which he had negative memories. He then came to the conclusion that "the pernicious influence of Jewry can be discovered in every sphere of cultural and artistic life." In Mein Kampf (how to translate?), written in the 1920s, he outlined his views on this issue. Distribution of this book is prohibited on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Slide number 4. Plans of Nazi Germany
In it, he proves the need for the German people to conquer the living space in the East. What countries are to the east of Germany?
He proves the superiority of the German nation over other peoples. Jews, Negroes and Gypsies are, in his opinion, inferior, "inferior races." He formulates two main threats to the Germans: communism and Judaism. What is communism? What about Judaism? " Gradually I began to hate them,” says Hitler about the Jews.
*(For senior classes: Speaking of gypsies. They are, like no one else, close in their origin to the so-called "Aryan", "pure" race of people, to which the Germans considered themselves. The ideologists of Nazism found a way out. Which one do you think? Gypsies mixed with the lower races, which is why they now live in camps and do who knows what. That is why they are also inferior and do not deserve to take a place on Earth).*
This mental disorder and hostility could remain the problem of one person - Adolf Hitler. However, it turned out that he headed the National Socialist Workers' Party of Germany and in 1933 came to power.
Slide #5. History of the Genocide
The persecution of the Jews began immediately after the Nazis came to power, but they did not immediately come to the idea of total destruction.
1. In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws were passed, which divided the population of Germany into two parts: Germans and non-Germans. The latter were deprived of the right to vote, political and other rights. They became non-citizens.
Many Jews wished to leave Germany, but almost all countries closed their doors to them. They did not have their own state. Yet from 1933 to 1939, 330,000 people fled Germany.
The Germans had different plans on the solution of the so-called "Jewish question": their eviction to the territory of the USSR, to the island of Madagascar (south Africa), isolation in Poland. These plans were not implemented.
2. The night from November 9 to 10, 1938 in history is called Crystal. In one night, mostly by the Nazi youth, 91 Jews were killed, hundreds were wounded and maimed, thousands were humiliated and insulted, about 3.5 thousand were arrested and sent to the Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald and Dachau concentration camps. The reason for the pogrom was the murder by a Jew of an adviser to the German embassy in Paris. It was the first mass action direct physical violence against Jews in Germany.
3. During the First World War, the Germans seized the regions densely populated by the Jewish population: Poland, the Baltic States, Ukraine, Belarus. AT major cities Jewish ghettos were created, where the entire Jewish population of the city and its environs were driven.
What is a ghetto?
These are the districts major cities where ethnic minorities live, voluntarily or forcibly, in more or less harsh conditions.
Leaving the ghetto without permission was at first punishable by imprisonment, later by the death penalty.
The food allowance for the Jews of the ghetto was 184 calories. Who knows how many calories a person needs per day? About 3500 calories. The officially established food rations for the ghetto were designed to starve the inhabitants to death.
Throughout the Baltic States, Ukraine, Belarus, almost every small town, near many villages there are so-called. "pits" - natural ravines where men, women, and children were driven and shot. The scheme was as follows: German troops seize the settlement, find out which of the residents in it is a Jew or a communist, and then take them to the place of execution. How did the Germans determine who was Jewish and who was not? Some - in appearance, others were laid by neighbors.
Many physically strong men from the ghetto were sent to German labor camps, the rest to death camps.
4. Here we come to the last, most cruel period of the persecution of the so-called inferior races. In Germany it was called "the final solution of the Jewish question"
Slide number 6. Death camps
The Germans began to create concentration camps. The first camps were set up to isolate people suspected of being in opposition to the Nazi regime, but they soon developed into a gigantic machine of suppression and extermination of millions of people. different nationalities and ideologies. The killing in the death camps was put on the conveyor, during the construction their "capacity" was stipulated.
The largest: Auschwitz, Treblinka, Chełmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Maidá nek.
Until the last moment, they concealed from the victims that death awaited them. This made it possible in most cases to prevent acts of resistance. Many Jews from Western and Central Europe arrived at the camp on ordinary passenger trains(according to the tickets they bought), hoping that they are being taken to a new place of residence. Jews from of Eastern Europe were brought in overcrowded freight cars, under guard, without water or food.
A typical sequence of actions carried out in Auschwitz and Majdanek on persons of Jewish and Gypsy nationality immediately after arrival (on the way, by the way, people died in the cars from thirst and suffocation). When leaving the cars, without much ceremony, the arrivals were sorted. Some were immediately sent to be destroyed in the gas chambers. First of all, these are women, children, the elderly and the disabled. They took off their clothes, cut off their hair, examined them for hidden valuables. After filling with people, the chambers, disguised as showers, were supplied with exhaust gases from the engine of a heavy tank (another way was to pump air out of the chambers). Death came from suffocation within half an hour.
Only those who helped remove the bodies from the gas chambers and burn the corpses, as well as sort the belongings of the dead, were temporarily left alive. Those who fell ill or simply weakened from hunger were immediately sent to the gas chambers.
Heinrich Himmler said in one of his speeches: “Most of you know what 100 corpses lying side by side are, or 500 or 1000 lying corpses. To withstand this to the end and, moreover, with the exception of individual cases of manifestation of human weakness, to remain decent people - that's what tempered us. Here everything is turned upside down. Good is called evil, evil is called good.
Slide number 7.
A fence through which an electric current is started.
Crematorium (modern photography)
Surviving kilns of a low-throughput crematorium
*(Optional: excerpt from source:
“They open the doors of the wagons and drive people out with whips; orders are given through a loudspeaker; everyone needs to hand over things and clothes, even crutches and glasses ... Valuable things and money are handed over to the window with the inscription: “Jewelry”. Women and girls are sent to the barber, who, with two strokes of scissors, cuts off their hair, stuffed into potato sacks ... Then the march begins ... There are wire fences to the right and left, and behind dozens of Ukrainians with rifles. Men, women, girls, children, babies, legless cripples, all naked, like a mother gave birth, go in a crowd. At the turn, at the entrance to the building, an SS man stands, grinning, and announces affectionately: “Nothing bad will be done to you .. You just have to breathe deeply. It strengthens the lungs. Proper inhalation is essential for disinfection.” They ask him what will happen to women, and he answers that men will, of course, have to work on the construction of roads and houses, and women will not work - they, if they want, will be able to help in the kitchen or around the house ... enough hope to keep on trudging towards the gas chambers without resistance.
Most know well what fate awaits them. The terrible, all penetrating stench reveals the truth. They climb a few steps and already see the inevitable... The SS men whip the crowd with whips.
Many are praying... SS men are pushing people inside.
– Fill to capacity! - commanded by the boss. The doors are closing. The rest of the transport waiting for their turn. They wait naked even in the winter… But the diesel does not work. 50 minutes pass... 70 minutes... And people are standing in the cell. Hear them cry...
Finally, after 2 hours and 49 minutes, the diesel starts to work. After 32 minutes, everyone is dead... On the other side, the Jewish workers are unlocking the doors. The dead stand like basalt pillars - they have nowhere to fall. And after death, families can still be recognized - they are standing, clinging to each other and holding hands tightly.")*
Slide number 8. medical experiments
Human experiments were carried out in many large concentration camps. Experimenting doctors were recruited from parts of the SS, the Wehrmacht, scientific institutes and universities in Germany. Heinrich Himmler, one of the leaders of Nazi Germany, directly controlled the conduct of the experiments and their results.
The main research in the concentration camps concerned the artificial infection with various infections and attempts at their subsequent treatment. Influence on the body of various rays (for example, x-rays). The state of the body with a lack of oxygen, hypothermia, etc. In such an inhuman way, German doctors created vaccines against dangerous viruses. Those who survived as a result of these experiments were destroyed as "waste material". Often German "doctors" did their experiments without anesthesia, not paying attention to the cries and pain of a person.
Slide number 9. Anne Frank
We are all about numbers, facts, territories. It is necessary to say about specific people, because behind the numbers are the names of real people, everyone had their own, long and not very long life, thoughts, feelings, desires.
The diary of a Jewish girl, Anne Frank, has come down to us, she hid for a long time with her family in one of the houses of Amsterdam. The entrance to the shelter (one of the rooms in the house) was disguised as a filing cabinet. Anna's diary is designed as letters to an imaginary friend, Kitty. Already at the end of the war, the family received a denunciation, they were sent to the death camp where Anne Frank died of starvation.
For senior classes. Slide number 10. Denial of the Holocaust.
1. The memory of the Holocaust is necessary so that our children will never be victims, executioners or indifferent observers (I. Bauer)
2. Six million Jews - shot, strangled in gas stations.
Six million - and each separately.
It is a memory that resists oblivion.
This is the call of people to mutual intimacy, inaccessible without a ban on murder.
This is the conviction: THERE IS NO GENOCIDE AGAINST "SOMEONE", GENOCIDE IS ALWAYS AGAINST EVERYONE.
This is what the Holocaust means. (Mikhail Gefter, Echo of the Holocaust)
holocaust
Doing Before and during the Second World War, there were many tragic, cruel and horrific events for all mankind! One of these is genocide or the Holocaust - the extermination of certain groups of the population along racial, national, ethnic or religious grounds. Today everyone knows what was done in relation to the Slavic peoples and, especially, to the Jews by Nazi Germany. Persecution, cruel abuse, torture and murder - all this was applied to innocent people. The Jewish population of Europe was destroyed by tens of thousands and even millions! Cruelty, hatred and ruthlessness of the Nazis is striking in its scope! The destruction of entire races of people was the main task of the Nazis. There are many opinions, conjectures and facts about the Holocaust during the Second World War. Its consequences are a huge imprint in the life of all mankind! This topic cannot be ignored, and therefore we want to talk about the events of that period, and perhaps dispel your doubts. holocaust
- The Holocaust (from the English holocaust, - "burnt offering") - the systematic persecution and extermination of Jews by German Nazis and collaborators from other countries on the basis of Nazi racial theory in 1933-1945. There is disagreement among historians on the question of whether other groups affected by Nazi terror, such as gypsies and sexual minorities, should be included among the victims of the Holocaust in addition to Jews.
- A deliberate attempt to exterminate an entire nation, including men, women and children, resulting in the destruction of 60% of the Jews of Europe and approximately 35% of the Jewish population of the world.
- A system designed for mass extermination of people: death camps were built, designed to kill millions of people; while the destruction technology improved.
- The grandiose, transnational scale of extermination: throughout the German-occupied territory of Europe, the victims were persecuted and sent to concentration camps and extermination camps.
- The brutal and often fatal inhumane medical experiments carried out by the Nazis on victims of the Holocaust.
- Shoah (Hebrew שׁוֹאָה - disaster, catastrophe) is a term used by Jews in Hebrew to refer to the policy of the German Nazis for the systematic destruction of the Jewish ethnic group. Traditionally, 6 million Jews in Europe are considered victims of the Shoah. However, there is no complete list of victims by name. By the end of the war, the Nazis were even destroying traces of the death camps; evidence has been preserved of the removal or destruction of the already buried remains of people before the arrival Soviet troops. The National Holocaust (Shoah) and Heroic Memorial "Yad Vashem" in Jerusalem houses personal documents testifying to approximately 3 million victims.
- Despite the clearly discriminatory policy towards Jews, the genocide did not begin immediately after the Nazis came to power. The persecution began with a boycott of Jews on April 1, 1933, and a subsequent wave of racial laws targeting Jews who worked in government offices or in certain professions. The "Nuremberg Law" of September 15, 1935 ended the equality of Jews in Germany and defined Jewry in racial terms. At the beginning of 1939, Hitler instructed Hermann Goering, "responsible for the 4-year plan", to prepare measures for the expulsion of the Jews of Germany. The outbreak of World War II not only increased their number, but also complicated the paths for legal emigration.
- Ghetto In large cities, Jewish ghettos were created, where the entire Jewish population of the city and its environs were driven. The largest ghetto was created in Warsaw, containing up to 480,000 Jews.
- Mass executions
- "The Final Solution to the Jewish Question" Jews from Germany, France, Holland, and Belgium were sent east, to the camps and ghettos of Poland and Belarus, telling them about the temporality of such a resettlement. In Poland, death camps were created that were not designed for living at all a large number people - only for the rapid destruction of new arrivals.
- Holocaust in North Africa From 1940 to 1942, French North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) was under the control of the Vichy collaborationist government. In Algeria and Tunisia, Jews immediately began to be persecuted in exactly the same way as it happened in Nazi-occupied Europe - they were deprived of civil rights and earning opportunities, they were forced to attach yellow stars to their clothes, they created Judenrats, they were driven to forced labor, they were herded into concentration camps and ghettos, imposed indemnities, began to prepare for deportation to death camps.
- End of the war When the inevitability of the defeat of Germany was no longer in doubt, some Nazi leaders tried to use the Jews to establish contact with the Allies, while others (primarily Hitler) continued to demand the total destruction of those who still remained alive.
- The lack of clear information about the plans of the Nazis for the total destruction of the Jewish people led to the fact that the inhabitants of the ghetto tried to fulfill the requirements of the invaders, trying to survive. Notorious was the speech of the head of the Lodz ghetto, H. Rumkowski, demanding that Jewish children be handed over to the Nazis in the hope of saving the rest of the inhabitants. Only after the outcome became completely clear did uprisings begin in the camps and ghettos; the most famous uprising in the Warsaw ghetto in January 1943. The active center of resistance was the Minsk ghetto. The ghetto in Bialystok, containing at the beginning 50,000 Jews, was liquidated on August 16, 1943, after five days of fighting with the Jewish underground.
- Slavs
- Poles
- gypsies
- Black people in Germany
- Homosexuals
slide 2
The Holocaust is one of the global catastrophes of the 20th century, which called into question the moral foundations of people, gave evil the power to further spread across the Planet.
slide 3
Holocaust genocide of the Jewish people by the Nazis and their accomplices in 1933-1945. The Holocaust (from other Greek λοκαστος - “burnt offering”) - the systematic persecution and extermination by German Nazis and collaborators from other countries of millions of victims of Nazism: almost a third of the Jewish people and numerous representatives of other minorities who were subjected to discrimination, atrocities and brutal murders
slide 4
November. On the night of November 9-10, the largest pogrom of Jews in Germany and Austria, called "Kristallnacht" because of the huge number of broken windows of Jewish shops, destroyed synagogues. The Gestapo arrests thousands of Berlin Jews and sends them to the nearby Sachsenhausen camp. 1938
slide 5
January 30, 1933 Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. the formation of the anti-Semitic policy of Nazism. the policy of mass extermination of millions of people on a national basis, the formation of state anti-Semitism in Nazi Germany (creating the image of an internal and external enemy from Jews")
slide 6
Slide 7
January 30. Hitler in his speech in the Reichstag announced that the main goal is not only the eradication of Bolshevism on earth, but also the destruction of the Jewish race in Europe. 1939
Slide 8
To control the Jewish population, and to facilitate their further deportation, the Germans and their allies created ghettos, transit camps, and forced labor camps that operated throughout the war.
Slide 9
About three million Jews - half of all victims of the Holocaust - were citizens of the USSR. It was on the territory of our country that the monstrous practice of Nazi genocide found its first mass application. People were destroyed without gas chambers and crematoria, not in death camps, but practically without hiding their crimes from local residents.
Slide 10
Millions of people were killed and have no graves, no one buried them, they became smoke and ashes… January 27 The United Nations, most countries of the world celebrate International Holocaust Remembrance Day April 19, 1943 The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Day is annually held in Moscow with 1992 This Day is celebrated by the whole civilized world. For Russia, it is especially important in an environment of exacerbation of xenophobia, racism, and anti-Semitism.
slide 11
Through the horrors of the ghettos and Nazi death camps, countless men, women and children passed through, who, nevertheless, managed to survive. All of them want to convey to each of us the most important idea - the idea of the triumph of the human spirit in the resolute desire of mankind to prevent genocide and other serious crimes
slide 12
6,000,000 victims of an unthinkable destruction of people in history just for belonging to the Jewish nation! A deliberate attempt to exterminate an entire nation, including men, women and children, resulting in the destruction of 60% of the Jews of Europe and about a third of the Jewish population of the world. In addition, from a quarter to a third of the gypsy people were also destroyed, black citizens of Germany, mentally ill and disabled were also subjected to total extermination.
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Places of mass executions: Babi Yar in Kyiv, Bogdanovka in the Nikolaev region, Drobitsky Yar in Kharkov (Ukraine), Minsk, Vitebsk, Gomel, Bobruisk, Mogilev (Belarus) Crimea.
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During the Great Patriotic War German troops who occupied Kyiv on September 19, 1941 used Babi Yar as a place of mass executions. Babi Yar
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Righteous Among the Nations During the years of occupation locality Ivnya: there is a fact of the atrocities of the occupiers: the Holocaust (Shoah) - 01/28/1942. 32 people of Jewish nationality were killed in cold blood. Two people were saved by a resident Baranova Polina Alekseevna, who hid Jewish girls from reprisals. As of January 1, 2009, according to the Yad Vashem Institute, there were 22,765 rescuers who were awarded the honorary title of Righteous Among the Nations.
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In January 1942, in the suburb of Berlin, Wannsee, a conference was held at which the Nazis adopted the "final solution" of the Jewish question, which meant the total destruction of the Jewish population of Europe. Since that time, Auschwitz has become a "factory of death." Its prisoners were doomed to destruction by starvation, hard work, "medical" experiments, as well as to immediate death as a result of executions and asphyxiation with gas. Most of the prisoners died immediately after their arrival without registration and identification with camp numbers. That is why it is very difficult to establish the exact number of those killed.
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. Remember... don't forget...
Right now in early XXI century, when the world is buzzing with upheavals - national explosions, religious intolerance, we must talk about the Holocaust - the most terrible manifestation of anti-humanity, which destroyed 6 million people alive.
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