"USSR MINISTRY OF DEFENSE INSTRUCTIONS ON SHELLING 7.62-mm MODERNIZED KALASHNIKOV (AKM and AKMS) Third edition, corrected and supplemented by the Order of the Red Banner of Labor ..."

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MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR

INSTRUCTION

SHOOTING BUSINESS

7.62 mm UPGRADED

KALASHNIKOV AUTOMATIC

(AKM and AKMS)

third edition,

corrected and supplemented

Order of the Red Banner of Labor

MILITARY PUBLISHING HOUSE

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR

Moscow-1970

PART ONE

AUTOMATIC DEVICE,

HANDLING, CARE AND PRESERVATION

Chapter I

GENERAL INFORMATION

Purpose and combat properties of the assault rifle 1. The modernized 7.62 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle (Fig. 1) is an individual weapon and is designed to destroy enemy manpower. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine.

2. For firing from a machine gun, cartridges mod. 1Y43 with ordinary (with a steel core), tracer and armor-piercing incendiary bullets.

Automatic fire or single fire (shooting with single shots) is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of automatic fire; it is conducted in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 10 shots) bursts and continuously. The supply of cartridges during firing is made from a box magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds.

The most effective fire from a machine gun is at distances up to 4001 m. The aiming range is 1000 m. The range of a direct shot at the chest figure is 350 m, 1 * Part one. The device of the machine gun on a running figure is 525 m. Concentrated fire from machine guns on ground targets is carried out at a distance of up to 800 m, and on aircraft and paratroopers - up to 500 m.

The rate of fire is about 600 rounds per minute.

Rice. one. General form Kalashnikov assault rifle?

c - with a wooden butt (AKM); b - with a folding butt (AKMS) Combat rate of fire: when firing bursts - up to 100 rounds per minute, when firing single shots - up to 40 rounds per minute.

Machine weight. without a bayonet-knife with an equipped light alloy magazine: AKM - 3.6 kg; AKMS -3.8 kg.

Weight of bayonet-knife with scabbard.450 g.

Chapter I. General information The concept of the device and operation of the machine

3. The machine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 2):

Barrel with receiver, sighting device and stock;

receiver covers;

Bolt frame with gas piston;

shutter;

return mechanism;

Gas tube with handguard;

trigger mechanism;

Store;

Bayonet-knife.

The machine kit includes: accessories, a belt and a "bag for stores; the AKMS machine gun kit, in addition, includes a case for the machine gun with a pocket for the store.

4. The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore to the gas piston of the bolt carrier.

When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the hole in the barrel wall into the gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston and the bolt carrier with the bolt to the rear position. When moving back, the bolt opens the bore, removes the sleeve from the chamber and throws it out, and the bolt frame compresses the return spring and cocks the trigger (puts it on the self-timer cocking).

Rice. 2. The main parts and mechanisms of the machine:

7 - barrel with receiver, with sighting device and butt; 2 - receiver cover; 3 - bayonet-knife; 4 - return mechanism; 5 - bolt carrier with a gas piston; 6 - gas tube with a handguard; 7 - shutter; in - ramrod;

9 - handguard; 10 - shop; // - pencil case with accessories Chapter II. Dismantling and assembling the machine The bolt frame with the bolt returns to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism, while the bolt sends the next cartridge from the magazine to the chamber and closes the bore, and the bolt frame removes the protrusion (sear) of the self-timer from under the cocking of the self-timer trigger.

The shutter is locked by turning it to the right and moving the lugs of the shutter behind the lugs of the receiver.

If the translator is set to automatic fire, then the shooting will continue as long as the trigger is pulled and there are cartridges in the magazine.

If the interpreter is set to single fire, then only one shot will fire when the trigger is pulled; to fire the next shot, you must release the trigger and pull it again.

CHAPTER II

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY OF THE MACHINE

5. Dismantling of the machine can be incomplete and complete: incomplete - for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the machine; full - for cleaning when the machine is very dirty, after being in the rain or in snow, when switching to a new lubricant and during repairs.

Excessively frequent disassembly of the machine is harmful, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.

Disassembly and assembly of the machine to produce Part one. The device of the machine on the table or a clean bedding; put parts and mechanisms in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, do not put one part on top of another and do not apply excessive force and sharp blows. When assembling the machine, compare the numbers on its parts: each

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machine, the number on the receiver must correspond to the numbers on the gas tube, bolt carrier, bolt, receiver cover and other parts of the machine.

Training in disassembly and assembly on combat machines is allowed only in exceptional cases and with special care in handling parts and mechanisms.

6. The order of incomplete disassembly of the machine:

1) Separate the store. Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt or fore-end, right hand grasp the store (Fig. 3); pressing the latch with your thumb, move the lower part of the magazine forward and separate it. After that, check if there is a cartridge in Chapter II. Disassembly and assembly of the machine gun chamber, for which lower the translator down, pull the bolt handle back, inspect the chamber, release the bolt handle and pull the trigger from the cocking.

2) Take out the case with accessories.

Drown the cover of the butt socket with the finger of the right hand so that the pencil case comes out of the socket under the action of the spring; open the pencil case and remove the rubbing, brush, screwdriver, punch and hairpin from it.

In a machine gun with a folding butt, a pencil case is worn ^ In the pocket Fig. 4. Office of a ramrod of a bag for shops.

3) Separate the cleaning rod. Pull the end of the ramrod away from the barrel so that its head comes out from under the stop on the front sight base (Fig. 4), and pull the ramrod up. When separating the ramrod, it is allowed to use a punch.

4) Separate the receiver cover.

Grasp the neck of the stock with your left hand, press the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism with the thumb of this hand, lift it up with your right hand. 10 Part one. The device of the machine is the back of the receiver cover (Fig. 5) and separate the cover.

5) Separate the return mechanism. Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt, with your right hand push forward the guide rod of the return mechanism until its heel comes out of the longitudinal groove of the barrel

Rice. 5. Separate receiver cover

noah boxes; lift the rear end of the guide rod (Fig. 6) and remove the return mechanism from the channel of the bolt carrier.

6) Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt.

Continuing to hold the machine gun with your left hand, with your right hand pull the bolt frame back to failure, lift it together with the bolt (Fig. 7) and separate it from the receiver.

7) Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier.

Take the bolt carrier in the left hand with the bolt Chapter P. Disassembly and assembly of the machine C Fig. 6. Branch of the return mechanism Fig. 7. Separation of the bolt carrier with the bolt Part one. The device of the machine is up (Fig. 8); pull the bolt back with your right hand, turn it so that the bolt leading ledge comes out of the figured cutout of the bolt carrier, and pull the bolt forward.

8) Separate the gas tube with the handguard. Holding the machine with the left hand, Fig. 8. Separate the bolt from the bolt frame with your right hand, put the accessory case with a rectangular hole on the protrusion of the gas tube contactor, turn the contactor away from you to a vertical position (Fig. 9) and remove the gas pipe from the branch pipe "of the gas chamber.

7. The order of assembly of the machine after incomplete disassembly:

1) Attach the gas tube with the handguard. Holding the machine with your left hand, with your right hand push the gas pipe with its front end onto the pipe of the gas chamber Chapter II. Dismantling and assembling the machine ry_ and press the rear end of the handguard against the barrel; turn the contactor towards yourself with the help of the accessory case until its lock enters the recess on the sight block.

2) Attach the bolt to the bolt carrier.

Take the bolt carrier in your left hand, and for Fig. 9. Turning the gas tube lock with the help of the accessory case to the right hand and insert the lock with the cylindrical part into the frame channel; rotate the bolt so that its leading ledge enters the figured cutout of the bolt carrier, and move the bolt forward.

3) Attach the bolt carrier with the bolt to the receiver. Take the bolt carrier in your right hand so that the bolt is held with your thumb in the forward position. Grasp the neck of the butt with your left hand, insert the gas piston into the cavity of the sight block with your right hand and push the bolt carrier forward so that 14 Part One. The device of the machine, the limbs of the receiver entered the grooves of the bolt frame, with a little effort press it against the receiver and move it forward.

4) Attach the return mechanism.

With your right hand, insert the return mechanism into the channel of the bolt carrier; while compressing the return spring, feed the guide rod

Rice. 10. Inserting a pencil case into the butt socket

forward and, lowering a little downward, insert his heel into the longitudinal groove of the receiver.

5) Attach the receiver cover. Insert the receiver cover with the front end into the semicircular cutout on the sight block; press the rear end of the cover with the palm of your right hand forward and downward so that the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism enters the hole in the receiver cover.

6) Pull the trigger from the cocking and put on the safety. Pull the trigger and raise the translator up to failure.

7) Attach the cleaning rod.

Chapter II. Disassembly and assembly of the machine 15

8) Insert the pencil case into the butt socket.

Put the accessory in the case and close it with a lid, put the case upside down into the butt socket (Fig. 10) and drown it so that the socket is closed with a lid. At AKMS, the pencil case is retracted into the pocket of a shopping bag.

9) Attach the magazine to the machine.

Holding the machine with the left hand by the neck

Rice. 11. Attaching a store

butt or forearm, with your right hand, insert the magazine hook into the receiver window (Fig. 11) and turn the magazine towards you so that the latch jumps over the magazine support ledge.

8. The order of complete disassembly of the machine:

1) Perform an incomplete disassembly, guided by Art. 6.

2) Disassemble the store. Take the store in your left hand with the lid up, the convex part away from you; right hand with a drift Part one. Machine device

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platoon; lift the left end of the mainspring with the thin end of the drift and place it behind the cocking of the trigger with your fingers; pry out the long end of the self-timer spring with a screwdriver 18 Part one. Machine device

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Rice. Fig. 16. Removing the trigger from the receiver Fig. 17. Removing the trigger from the receiver 20 Part one. The device of the machine store (Fig. 18); separate the spring from the self-timer;

Separate the translator: turn the translator up to a vertical position, move it to the right and separate it from the receiver.

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6) Separate the forearm (the forearm is separated in rare cases: when removing the warehouse grease, after the machine gets into the water, etc.).

Take the machine with your left hand by the fore-end, with your right hand, using a screwdriver or an accessory case, turn the fore-end lock half a turn forward; with the thumbs of both hands (Fig. 19) move the coupling from the forearm to the gas chamber; move the forearm forward and separate it from the barrel.

9. The order of assembly of the machine after complete disassembly:

1) Attach the forearm. Holding the machine gun with the left hand by the receiver, praChapter II. Dismantling and assembling the assault rifle 21 with your hand, attach the fore-end from below to the barrel and slide it to the receiver so that the protrusion of the forearm enters the socket of the receiver; slide the coupling onto the forend and turn the contactor half a turn back.

2) Assemble the firing mechanism (in order to avoid confusing parts of the firing

Rice. 19. Shift coupling

of the shackle mechanism of several assault rifles, before assembling, it is necessary to check the numbers on the single fire sear, trigger, retarder, trigger and self-timer):

Attach the translator: holding the machine with your left hand, with your right hand insert the translator sector into the figured hole of the right wall of the receiver so that the trunnions enter the holes in the walls of the receiver; put the translator on automatic fire (AB);

Attach the self-timer: insert the short end of the spring into the hole of the self-timer protrusion and insert the self-timer with the spring into the receiver through the magazine window;

22 Part one. Machine device

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a single fire seared on it so that the lower end of the sear spring entered the trigger recess, then between the sear and the right wall of the trigger place the trigger retarder spring with the long end up and forward; with the fingers of the right hand, align the holes for the axle on the trigger, sear and retarder spring, insert into them on the left side Fig. 21. The position of the mainspring on the trigger with a pointed end of the hairpin (it is stored in the accessory case); put the trigger retarder on the pin on the right side and move it to the right to failure; using a drift, insert the long end of the spring into the groove of the retarder latch;

Attach the trigger: put the trigger in the receiver in its place; with a punch, lift the right end of the mainspring up and put it on the rectangular ledge of the trigger; insert the trigger axis with your left hand, gradually pushing the pin to the right side; the long end of the self-timer spring must be on top of the axis; with a punch, insert the long end of the self-timer spring into the annular part one. The device of the automatic point of the axis of the trigger; remove the left end of the mainspring from the cocking of the trigger with the fingers of the right hand and place it on the rectangular ledge of the trigger.

By pressing the drift on the ends of the axes of the self-timer, the trigger and the trigger, check the locking of the axes with the long end of the self-timer spring; cock the self-timer.

3) Assemble the shutter. Insert the ejector with the spring into the cutout of the shutter; pressing the ejector, insert the ejector axle into the hole under the leading ledge of the bolt so that the notch on the axle faces the cylindrical part of the bolt. Take the bolt in the left hand with the leading ledge, up, and the cylindrical part towards you and insert the drummer into the bolt channel with a large cutout up; from the side of the leading ledge, insert the pin into the hole of the shutter and push it to the end.

4) Assemble the return mechanism. Rest the heel of the guide rod on the table (emphasis);

put the spring on the guide rod and compress it so that the end of the guide rod comes out of it; holding the spring with your left hand, spread the ends of the movable rod with your right hand, thread one of them into the loop formed and release the spring until it stops against the movable rod (Fig. 22); insert the sleeve between the ends of the movable rod; compress the spring with your left hand, move the movable rod to a vertical position with your right hand, after. Chapter I I. Dismantling and assembly of the machine 25 then smoothly release the spring until it stops in the clutch.

5) Assemble the shop. Attach the feeder to the magazine spring by inserting the first turn of the free end ^ of the spring under the bend of the feeder, insert the spring with the feeder into

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store building; drown the lock bar / into the body and, holding it in this position, put the magazine cover on the case so that it is held on the bends of the case with its grips, and the protrusion of the lock bar jumps into the opening of the cover (a click should be heard).

6) Further assembly is carried out in accordance with Art. 7.

10. Attaching and unlocking the bayonet-knife:

1) Attaching a bayonet-knife. Take out Part one. The device of the machine bayonet-knife from the scabbard; take the machine gun with your left hand by the handguard and forearm with the front sight to the left; holding the bayonet-knife by the handle with your right hand, slide it with grooves on the gas stop

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the howl of the chamber (Fig. 23), and with a ring on the barrel sleeve until the latch is completely closed.

2) Unlocking the bayonet-knife. Take the machine in your left hand, move it to a vertical position; supporting the handle of the bayonet with the index and middle fingers praChapter III. Purpose, arrangement of parts of the howling hand, with the thumb of this hand, press the latch (Fig. 24) and separate the bayonet from the machine gun; put the bayonet in the sheath.

CHAPTER III

PURPOSE, DEVICE OF PARTS

AND AUTOMATIC MECHANISMS,

ACCESSORIES AND CARTRIDGES

Purpose, arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the machine

11. The barrel (Fig. 25) serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet

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rotational movement. The gaps between the grooves are called fields. The distance between two opposite fields (in diameter) is called the caliber of the bore; in the machine it is equal to 7.62 mm. In the breech

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the channel is smooth and made according to the shape of the sleeve;

this part of the channel serves to place the cartridge and is called the chamber. The transition from the chamber to the rifled part of the bore is called the bullet entry.

Outside, the barrel has: a thread on the muzzle, the base of the front sight, a gas outlet, a gas chamber, a coupling, a sight block and a cutout for the ejector hook on the breech cut.

Front sight base, gas chamber and block Chapter III. Appointment, arrangement of parts 29 of the sight are fixed on the barrel with pins.

The thread (left) on the muzzle serves to screw on the compensator and bushing when firing blanks; to protect the thread from damage, a barrel sleeve is screwed onto the barrel.

The compensator (Fig. 26) serves to increase the accuracy of combat when firing bursts from unstable positions (on the move, standing, kneeling). It has a cylindrical edst for screwing the compensator on the s $ VELch and; ridge with an oblique cut. There is a groove on the back of the cylinder part, into which:: z "a HODytfixator, holding the compensator on the barrel in a given position. A groove is made inside the protrusion, forming a compensation chamber and a shoulder. After the bullet leaves the barrel bore, the powder gases, entering the compensation chamber, create an excess pressure that deflects the muzzle of the machine towards the protrusion (left - down).

Outside, the ledge has a T-slot for holding the canister cover while cleaning the barrel.

The base of the front sight (Fig. 26) - has an emphasis for the ramrod and the handle of the bayonet-knife, a hole for the front sight slide, a front sight guard and a latch with a spring; the latch keeps the sleeve for firing blank cartridges, the compensator and the barrel sleeve, as well as the canister cover from turning when cleaning the barrel bore, from screwing off the barrel.

The gas chamber serves to guide 30 Part one. Device for automatic powder gases from the barrel to the gas piston of the bolt carrier; it has a branch pipe with a channel for a gas piston and holes for the exit of powder gases, an inclined gas outlet and an emphasis for the handle of a bayonet-knife. A ramrod will be placed in the stop eye.

The coupling is used to connect the forearm to the machine. It has a swivel for a belt and an el hole.

(. ^ "connected to the "Box" by means of a pin and does not separate from it.

1st box (Fig. 27) serves to blue parts and mechanisms of the machine to ensure that the bore is closed with a bolt and the bolt is locked; a trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. From above it is closed with a lid.

The receiver has:

Inside - cutouts for locking the bolt, the rear walls of which are lugs; limbs and guides for guiding the movement of the bolt carrier and bolt; reflective protrusion to reflect the sleeves; jumper for fastening the side walls; a ledge for the hook of the store and one oval ledge on the side walls for the direction of the store;

Behind the top - grooves: longitudinal - for the heel of the guide rod of the return mechanism and transverse - for the cover of the receiver; tail with a hole for attaching the butt in the receiver;

Chapter III. Purpose, arrangement of parts - in the side walls - four holes each, three of them for the axes of the trigger mechanism, and the fourth for the pins of the translator; on the right wall - two fixing you

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bushings and holes for the protrusions of the butt locks;

Below - a window for the store and a window for the trigger. ) Attached to the receiver: stock, pistol grip and trigger guard with a magazine latch.

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13. The sighting device serves to aim the machine gun when firing at targets at various distances. It consists of a sight and a front sight.

The sight (Fig. 28) consists of a sight block, a leaf spring, an aiming bar and a clamp.

The sight block has: two sectors for giving the aiming bar a certain height, eyelets for attaching the sight Chapter III. Purpose, arrangement of a partial bar, holes for a pin and a gas tube closure; inside - a socket for a leaf spring and a cavity for a bolt carrier; on the back wall- a semicircular cutout for the receiver cover. The sight block is put on the barrel and secured with a pin.

A leaf spring is placed in the socket of the sight block and holds the aiming bar in position.

The aiming bar has a mane with a slot for aiming and cutouts for holding the collar in the installed position by means of a latch with a spring. On the aiming bar there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10 and the letter "P"; scale numbers indicate firing ranges in hundreds of meters;

"P" - permanent setting of the sight, corresponding to sight 3.

The clamp is put on the aiming bar and is held in position by a latch. The latch has a tooth, which, under the action of a spring, jumps into the cutout of the aiming bar.

The front sight is screwed into the runner, which is fixed at the base of the front sight. On the track and on the base of the front sight there are risks that determine the position of the front sight.

The latest releases of assault rifles are equipped with devices for shooting at night (self-luminous nozzles). Each device consists of a folding rear sight with a wide slot, mounted on the mane of the aiming bar, and a wide front sight, hopefully one. The device of the machine gun at the front sight of the weapon from above. Luminous dots are applied on the rear sight and front sight of the device.

Devices for shooting at night are installed on machine guns when they enter the troops and are not separated from them during operation.

When shooting during the day, the rear sight and front sight of the device recline down. In this position, they do not interfere with the use of the aiming device of the machine gun. "

Rice. 29. Receiver cover:

7 - stepped cutout; 2 - hole; 3 - stiffening ribs When firing at night and in conditions of limited visibility, the rear sight of the device turns up until it touches the mane of the aiming bar, and the front sight of the device moves up along the spring and is put on the front sight of the machine.

14. The cover of the receiver (Fig. 29) protects the parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination.

On the right side, it has a stepped cutout for the passage of ejected shells and for the movement of the bolt carrier handle; at the back - a hole for the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism.

Chapter I I I. Purpose, arrangement of parts The cover is held on the receiver by means of a semicircular cutout on the sight block, the transverse groove of the receiver and the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism.

15. The butt and pistol grip (Fig. 30) serve for the convenience of operating the machine gun.

The wooden stock has a swivel for a belt, a socket for accessories and a metal butt plate with a cover over the socket.

In the socket of the butt there is a spring for pushing out the pencil case with accessories.

The folding butt consists of two rods, a shoulder rest, a connecting sleeve with a nut, two butt locks with a connecting rod, a washer with a swivel for a belt, a cap, a spring and three pins.

The rods with their ears and the washer are put on the connecting sleeve of the butt and secured with a nut. The lugs of the rods have two holes for the protrusions of the butt locks, which hold the butt in the folded or folded position. The butt locks are interconnected by means of a connecting rod and move to the right when the cap is pressed, to the left - under the action of a spring.

16. Bolt frame with a gas piston (Fig. 31) serves to actuate the bolt and trigger mechanism.

The shutter frame has: inside - channels for the return mechanism and for the shutter;

behind ^ - safety ledge; on the sides - grooves for the movement of the bolt frame 2 *

Rice. 30. Stock and pistol grip:

a - a wooden butt; b - folding butt: c - folding butt disassembled;

1 - swivel for a belt; 2 - socket for accessories; 3 - butt plate; 4-.cover; 5 - spring for pushing out the case with accessories; 6 - thrust; 7 - shoulder rest; 8 - connecting sleeve; 9 - nut; 10 - butt clamps;

// - connecting rod; 12 - washer with swivel; 13 - cap; 14 - spring; 15 - studs; 16 - pistol grip Chapter III. Appointment, arrangement of parts 37 along the limbs of the receiver; on the right side - a ledge for lowering (turning) the self-timer lever and a handle for reloading the machine gun; below - a figured cutout for placing the leading protrusion of the shutter in it and a groove for the passage of the reflective protrusion of the receiver. A gas piston is fixed in front of the bolt frame. "I

Rice. 31. Bolt frame with gas piston:

/ - channel for the shutter; 2 - safety ledge; 3 - protrusion for lowering the self-timer lever; 4 - groove for bending the receiver; 5 - handle; 6 - curly cut; 7 - groove for a reflective protrusion; 8 - gas piston

17. The shutter (Fig. 32) serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.

The shutter consists of a core, a drummer, an ejector with a spring and an axis, and a stud.

The shutter frame has: on the front section - two cylindrical cutouts for the bottom of the sleeve and for the ejector; two lugs that, when the bolt is locked, go into the cutouts of the receiver; on top - a leading ledge for turning the shutter when locking and unlocking; on the left side - a longitudinal groove for the passage of the reflective section. Part one. The device of the automatic mortar of the receiver (the groove at the end is expanded to ensure the rotation of the shutter when locking); in the thickened part of the bolt body there are holes for the ejector axle and pins. Inside the frame of the shutter has a channel for placing the drummer.

Rice. 32. Shutter:

o - shutter frame; b-.drummer; in - ejector;

/ - cutout for the bottom of the sleeve; 2 - cutout for the ejector; 3 - leading ledge; 4 - hole for the ejector axle; 5 - combat ledge; 6 - longitudinal groove for a reflective protrusion; 7 - ejector spring; 8 - axis of the ejector; 9 - hairpin The drummer has a striker and a ledge for the hairpin.

The ejector with a spring serves to extract the sleeve from the chamber and hold it until it meets the reflective ledge of the receiver. The ejector has a hook for gripping the sleeve, a socket for the spring and a cutout for the axle.

The pin serves to secure the striker and the ejector axis.

18. The return mechanism (Fig. 33) serves to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position, Chapter 111. Purpose, arrangement of parts It consists of a return spring, a guide rod, a movable rod and a coupling.

The guide rod has at the rear end a stop for the spring, a heel with ledges for connection with the receiver and a ledge for holding the receiver cover.

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The movable rod at the front end has bends for putting on the clutch.

19. Gas tube with a handguard "(Fig. 34) consists of a gas tube, front and rear couplings, a handguard and a metal half ring.

Rice. 34. Gas tube with handguard:

/ - gas tube; 2 - guide ribs for the gas piston; 3 - front coupling; 4 - handguard; 5 - rear coupling;

6 - ledge 40 Part one. The device of the automatic machine The gas tube serves for the direction of the movement of the gas piston. It has guide ribs. The front end of the gas tube is put on the branch pipe of the gas chamber.

The barrel pad serves to protect the submachine gunner's hands from burns when firing. It has a groove in which a metal semi-ring is fixed, which presses the handguard from the gas tube (this eliminates the appearance of the rocking of the lining when the wood dries out).

The handguard is attached to the gas tube by means of front and rear couplings; the rear coupling has a protrusion, against which the gas pipe contactor rests.

20. The trigger mechanism (Fig. 35) is used to release the trigger from the combat cocking or self-timer cocking, striking the striker, ensuring automatic or single fire, stopping firing, to prevent shots when the shutter is unlocked and to set the machine gun on the fuse .

The trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver, where it is attached with three interchangeable axles, and consists of a trigger with a mainspring, a trigger retarder with a spring, a trigger, a single-fire sear with a spring, a self-timer with a spring and a translator.

The trigger with a mainspring is used to strike the drummer. There are 1-1 on the trigger

Rice. 35. Parts of the firing mechanism:

a - trigger; b - mainspring; c - trigger; g - whisper of a single fire; d - self-timer; e - self-timer spring; g - translator; h - axes;

.« - the spring whispered a single fire; to - trigger retarder; l - trigger retarder spring;

/ - combat platoon; 2 - self-timer platoon; 3 - bent ends; 4 - loop;

5 - curly ledge; 6 - rectangular ledges; 7 - tail; 3 - cutout;

9 - whispered; 10 - lever; // - latch; 12 - front ledge; 13 - sector;

14 - trunnion 42 Part one. The device of the machine is a combat platoon, a self-timer platoon, trunnions and a hole for the axis. The mainspring is put on the trigger trunnions and with its loop acts on the trigger, and with its ends - on the rectangular ledges of the trigger.

The trigger retarder is used to slow down the movement of the trigger forward in order to improve the accuracy of combat during automatic fire. It has front and rear lugs, an axle hole, and a spring; a latch is attached to the rear ledge with a pin.

The trigger is used to keep the trigger cocked and to release the trigger.

It has a figured protrusion, a hole for the axle, rectangular protrusions and a tail. With his figured protrusion, he keeps the trigger on the cocking.

The single-fire sear serves to hold the trigger in the rearmost position after firing, if the trigger was not released during single-fire firing. It is on the same axis as the trigger. The sear of a single fire has a spring, a hole for the axis and a cutout, which includes the interpreter sector when conducting automatic fire and stops the sear. In addition, this cutout limits the forward rotation of the sector when the translator is on the safety lock.

The self-timer with a spring serves to automatically release the trigger from the self-timer cocking when firing in bursts, as well as to prevent the trigger from being released when it is not closed. It has a sear for holding the trigger on the self-timer cocking ^ a lever for turning the self-timer with the projection of the bolt carrier when it approaches the forward position and a spring.

On the same axis with the self-timer is its spring. Its short end is connected to the self-timer, and its long end runs along the left wall of the receiver and enters the annular grooves on the axes of the self-timer, trigger and trigger, keeping the axes from falling out.

The translator serves to set the machine to automatic or single fire or to the fuse. It has a sector with trunnions, which are placed in the holes in the walls of the receiver. The lower position of the translator corresponds to setting it to a single fire (OD), the middle position to automatic fire (AB) and the upper position to the fuse.

21. The handguard (Fig. 36) serves for ease of operation and for protecting the hands of automatic

Rice. 36. Handguard:

Finger rests; 2 - ledge; 3 - metal gasket; 4 - cutouts 44 Part one. The device of the machine gun from burns. It is attached to the barrel from below with a coupling and to the receiver by means of a protrusion that enters the socket of the receiver. In the forearm groove there is a metal gasket to support the barrel, and on the sides there are rests for the fingers. The cutouts on the handguard and handguard form windows for cooling the barrel and gas tube when firing.

Rice. 37. Shop:

3 - body; 2- cover; 3 - locking bar; 4 - spring;

5 - feeder; 6 - support ledge; 7 - hook

22. Shop (Fig. 37) serves to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver. It consists of a body, a cover, a locking plate, a spring and a feeder.

The magazine body connects all parts of the magazine; its side walls have bends to keep the cartridges from falling out and protrusions that limit the rise of the feeder; on the front wall there is a hook, and on the back - a support ledge, through which the magician Chapter III. Appointment, device parts 45 zines attached to the receiver. On the back wall, at the bottom of the case, there is a control hole for determining the completeness of the magazine's equipment with cartridges. The body walls are ribbed for strength.

From below the case is closed by a cover.

The cover has a hole for the protrusion of the locking bar.

A feeder and a spring with a locking bar are placed inside the housing. The feeder is held at the upper end of the spring by means of an internal bend on the right wall of the feeder; the feeder has a protrusion that provides a staggered arrangement of cartridges in the magazine. The locking bar is permanently attached to the lower end of the spring and, with its protrusion, keeps the magazine cover from moving. Some machines have plastic magazines, they do not differ from metal ones in terms of design.

23. A bayonet-knife (Fig. 38) is attached to the machine gun before an attack and serves to defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat. The rest of the time it is used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire). The wires of the lighting network must be cut one at a time, after removing the belt from the bayonet-knife and the pendant from the sheath. When cutting the wire, make sure that your hands do not touch the metal surface of the bayonet-knife and scabbard. Making passes in electrified wire fences with a bayonet is not allowed.

46 Part one. Machine device

–  –  –

The bayonet-knife consists of a blade and a handle.

On the blade there are: cutting edge; saw, cutting edge, which in combination with a scabbard is used as scissors; a hole into which the protrusion-axis of the scabbard is inserted.

The handle serves for ease of operation and for attaching the bayonet-knife to the machine. On the handle there are: in front - a ring for putting on a compensator or on a barrel sleeve; a protrusion with which the bayonet-knife enters the corresponding groove on the stop of the front sight base; belt hook; behind - longitudinal grooves with which the bayonet-knife is put on the corresponding protrusions on the stop of the gas chamber; latch; safety ledge;

belt hole; plastic cheeks and strap for easy handling of the bayonet.

Plastic cheeks for bayonet knives recent years manufacturing are replaced by a plastic case, which is held on the handle by a metal tip with a connecting screw. The tip has longitudinal grooves for putting on the corresponding protrusions on the stop of the gas chamber.

24. The scabbard (Fig. 39) is used to carry a bayonet-knife on the waist belt. In addition, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire. The scabbard has a suspension with two carbines and a clasp, a protrusion, an emphasis to limit the rotation of the bayonet when acting as scissors, and a rubber tip for electrical insulation^ 48 Part one. The device of the machine inside the scabbard has a leaf spring to keep the bayonet-knife from falling out.

Currently, plastic scabbards are made without rubber tips, since plastic is an electrical insulator. In addition, the suspension has been changed, in which the upper carabiner has been replaced with a loop for putting on a waist belt.

–  –  –

Belonging to the machine

25. Accessory (Fig. 40) is used for disassembly, assembly, cleaning and lubrication of the machine.

Accessories include: ramrod, rubbing, brush, screwdriver, punch, hairpin, pencil case and oiler, Chapter III. Purpose, arrangement of parts 49 The ramrod is used for cleaning and lubricating the bore and channels and cavities of other parts of the machine.

The ramrod has a head with a hole for a punch, a thread for screwing a wipe or a brush, and a slot for rags or tow.

The ramrod is attached to the machine under the barrel.

Rice. 40. Affiliation:

/ - ramrod; 2 - rubbing; 3 - brush; 4 - screwdriver;

5 - drift; 6-hairpin; 7 - pencil case; 8 - cover;

I - oiler Rubbing is used for cleaning and lubricating the bore, as well as the channels and cavities of other parts of the machine.

The brush is used to clean the bore with RFS solution.

A screwdriver, punch and pin are used for disassembling and assembling the machine. The cutout at the end of the screwdriver is designed for screwing in and unscrewing the front sight, and the side cutout is for fixing the wipe on the ramrod.

For ease of use, a screwdriver is inserted into the side holes of the case. When cleaning the bore, a screwdriver is inserted into the case over the head of the ramrod. Hairpin 50 Part one. The device of the machine is used in the assembly of the trigger mechanism. It holds the single-fire sear and the trigger retarder with a spring on the trigger.

The pencil case is used to store a wipe, a brush, a screwdriver, a punch and a hairpin. It is closed with a lid.

The case is used as a ramrod clutch for cleaning and lubricating the barrel bore, as a screwdriver handle for screwing in and unscrewing the front sight and for turning the gas tube lock.

The pencil case has through holes into which a ramrod is inserted when cleaning the machine;

oval holes for a screwdriver and a rectangular hole for turning the gas tube connector when disassembling and assembling the machine.

The cap is used as a muzzle pad when cleaning the bore; it has a hole for guiding the movement of the ramrod, internal protrusions and cutouts for mounting on the compensator or on the barrel sleeve.

The side holes on the canister cover are designed for a punch used to remove the canister cover from the barrel or from the canister. The oiler is used to store lubricant and is carried in the pocket of a magazine bag.

7.62 mm live ammunition mod. 1943

26. A live cartridge (Fig. 41) consists of a bullet, a cartridge case, a powder charge and a cartridge here, Chapter III. Purpose, arrangement of parts

27. Cartridges arr. 1943 are issued with ordinary bullets and with bullets special purpose: tracer and armor-piercing incendiary. The head parts of special bullets have a distinctive color. "Ordinary bullet (Fig.

42, a) is designed to defeat enemy manpower located openly and behind masks pierced by a bullet.

An ordinary bullet consists of a tombac-coated steel jacket and a steel core. There is a lead jacket between the sheath and the core.

tracer bullet (Fig.

42, b) is designed to defeat enemy manpower. In addition, when flying in the air, it 41. Combat at firing ranges up to cartridge:

800 m leaves luminous - 1 - bullet; 2 - sleeve;

Xia trace, which allows 3 - powder charge;

4 - capsule; 5- to make adjustments - dulce; - anvil;

6 - groove; 7 fire detection and target designation. “- seed hole; c - shock In the shell of the tracer-composition of the bullet, a core is placed in the head part, and a cup with a pressed-in tracer composition is placed in the bottom part.

During the shot, the flame from the powder charge ignites the tracer composition, which is 52 Part One. The device of the machine during the flight of a bullet gives a bright luminous trail, clearly visible day and night. The head of the bullet is painted green.

Armor-piercing incendiary bullet (Fig. 42, c) is designed to ignite flammable liquids

–  –  –

bones and destruction of enemy manpower located behind light armor covers at ranges up to 300 m.

An armor-piercing incendiary bullet consists of a jacket with a tombac tip, a steel core with a lead jacket, a lead pallet and an incendiary composition. When a bullet hits the armor, incendiary Chapter III. Purpose, arrangement of parts 53 composition ignites, the flame through the hole in the armor, pierced by the steel core of the bullet, ignites the fuel.

The head of the bullet is painted black with a red belt.

28. The sleeve serves to connect all parts of the cartridge, to protect the powder charge from external influences and to eliminate the breakthrough of powder gases towards the shutter.

It has a body for placing a powder charge, a muzzle for fixing a bullet and a bottom.

Outside, at the bottom of the sleeve, an annular groove is made for the ejector hook. At the bottom of the sleeve there is a nest for the primer, an anvil and two seed holes.

29. The powder charge serves to communicate translational motion to the bullet; it consists of pyroxylin gunpowder.

30. The primer serves to ignite the powder charge, it consists of a brass cap, an impact composition pressed into it and a foil mug covering the impact composition.

31. Cartridges arr. 1943 are sealed in wooden boxes. The boxes fit two hermetically sealed metal boxes of 660 rounds each; cartridges in boxes are packed in cardboard packs of 20 cartridges. In total, 1320 rounds are placed in the box.

On the side walls of the boxes, in which cartridges with special bullets are sealed, colored stripes are applied, corresponding to the color of the bullet heads.

54 Part one. Machine device

CHAPTER IV OPERATION OF PARTS AND MECHANISMS OF THE AUTOMATIC MACHINE

Position of parts and mechanisms before loading

32. The bolt frame with a gas piston and a bolt under the action of the return mechanism are in the extreme forward position, the gas piston is in the gas chamber pipe; the bore is closed by a bolt. The shutter is turned around the longitudinal "axis to the right, its lugs are in the cutouts of the receiver - the shutter is locked. The return spring has the least compression.

The self-timer lever is turned forward and down under the action of the bolt carrier protrusion (Fig. 43).

The trigger is pulled down and rests on the shutter. Drummer under the action of the trigger moved forward. The mainspring is in the least compression; with its loop, it presses the trigger to the bolt, and with its curved ends it presses the rectangular protrusions of the trigger to the bottom of the receiver, while the tail of the trigger is in the forward position.

The trigger retarder, under the action of its spring, is pressed against the bottom of the receiver by the front ledge.

The translator is in the uppermost position and closes the stepped cutout in the cover of the receiver (the translator in Chapter IV. The operation of the parts and mechanisms of the machine 5o is on the fuse); the translator sector entered the cutout of the single-fire sear and is located above the right rectangular ledge of the trigger (locks the trigger).

(MU1 Fig. 43. The positions of the parts of the firing mechanism before loading with the fuse on and the trigger released:

/ - trigger; 2 - translator's sector; 3 - whisper of a single fire; 4 - trigger retarder; 5 - figured protrusion of the trigger; 6 - mainspring;

7 - trigger; 8 - self-timer lever; 9 - bolt carrier;

10 - self-timer sear Operation of parts and mechanisms during loading

33. To load the machine, you need to attach an equipped magazine to it, put the translator on automatic fire (AB), pull the bolt carrier back to failure and release it. The machine is loaded. If there is no immediate opening of fire, then not, Part One. The device of the machine must be put on the fuse of the translator.

When attaching the store, its hook goes over the ledge of the receiver, and the support ledge jumps into the latch and the store is held in the receiver window.

The upper cartridge, resting against the bottom of the bolt carrier, lowers the cartridges into the magazine somewhat, compressing its spring.

When the translator is set to automatic fire, the stepped cutout in the receiver cover for the bolt handle is released, the translator sector remains in the cutout of the single fire sear, but does not prevent the trigger from turning.

When the bolt frame is retracted back, to the length of the free stroke, it, acting with the front bevel of the figured cutout on the leading ledge of the bolt, turns the bolt to the left, the bolt lugs come out of the cutouts of the receiver - the bolt is unlocked; the protrusion of the bolt releases the self-timer lever, and the self-timer sear is pressed against the front plane of the trigger under the action of a spring.

With further retraction of the bolt frame, the bolt moves back with it, opening the bore; the return spring is compressed; the trigger under the action of the bolt frame rotates on the axis, the mainspring is twisted; the cocking of the trigger sequentially jumps over the curly ledge of the trigger, under the latch of the trigger retarder,

And the trigger is on the sear of the self-timer;

Chapter IV. The operation of parts and mechanisms of the machine gun 57 the self-timer lever at the same time rises and gets in the way of the movement of the projection of the bolt frame.

As soon as the lower plane of the bolt frame passes the magazine window, the cartridges under the action of the magazine spring will rise up until it stops with the upper cartridge against the bend of the magazine wall.

When the bolt frame is released, it, together with the bolt, is fed forward under the action of the return mechanism; the shutter pushes the upper cartridge out of the magazine, sends it into the chamber and closes the bore. When the shutter approaches the breech section of the barrel, the ejector hook jumps into the annular groove of the sleeve; the shutter under the action of the bevel of the left cutout of the receiver on the bevel of the left lugs of the bolt, and then under the action of the figured cutout of the bolt carrier on the leading ledge of the shutter rotates around the longitudinal axis to the right; the lugs of the bolt go beyond the lugs of the receiver - the bolt is locked. The bolt carrier, continuing to move to the extreme forward position, with its protrusion turns the self-timer lever forward and down, removing the self-timer sear from under the self-timer cocking of the trigger;

the trigger under the action of the mainspring turns, comes out from under the retarder latch and becomes cocked (Fig. 44).

Cartridges in the store under the action of a spring rise up to the stop with the upper cartridge in the bolt carrier.

When putting the translator on the fuseFirst. The device of the automatic threader translator closes the stepped cutout of the receiver cover and gets in the way of the movement of the bolt handle back; the translator sector turns forward and becomes over the right rectangular ledge of the trigger (locks the trigger).

–  –  –

Operation of parts and mechanisms during firing Operation of parts and mechanisms during automatic firing

34. For the production of automatic shooting, it is necessary to put the translator on automatic fire (AB), if he was not under Chapter IV. The operation of parts and mechanisms of the automatic machine 59 is set when loading, and pull the trigger.

When the translator is set to automatic fire, the translator sector releases the rectangular ledge of the trigger (unlocks the trigger) and remains in the cutout of the single fire sear. The trigger gets the ability to rotate around its axis; the sear of a single fire from turning along with the trigger is held by the interpreter sector.

When you press the tail of the trigger, its curly protrusion disengages from the cocking of the trigger. The trigger under the action of the mainspring rotates on its axis and vigorously strikes the drummer.

The striker breaks the cartridge primer with a striker.

The impact composition of the cartridge primer ignites, the flame through the seed holes in the bottom of the cartridge case penetrates to the powder charge and ignites it. There is a shot.

The bullet under the action of powder gases moves along the bore; as soon as it passes the gas outlet, part of the gases rush through this hole into the gas chamber, presses on the gas piston and throws the bolt frame back. Moving back, the bolt frame (as well as when pulling it back by the handle) with the front bevel of the curly cutout rotates the bolt around the longitudinal axis and removes its lugs from behind the lugs of the receiver - the bolt is unlocked and the bore is opened; bolt carrier protrusion frees 60 Part one. The automatic device is a self-timer lever, it rises slightly under the action of a spring, and the self-timer sear is pressed against the front plane of the trigger. By this time, the bullet will fly out of the bore. Part of the powder gases following the bullet enters the compensation chamber of the compensator protrusion, as a result of which excessive pressure is created on the protrusion and the muzzle of the machine deviates to the left - down, reducing the dispersion of bullets when firing automatic fire from unstable positions.

The shutter frame with the shutter by inertia continues to move back; the sleeve, held by the ejector hook, collides with the reflective protrusion of the receiver and is thrown out.

AT further work parts and mechanisms, with the exception of the operation of the trigger and retarder, proceed in the same way as during loading. When the bolt carrier with the bolt returns to the front position, the trigger is held only on the self-timer sear. After the bolt sends the upper cartridge from the magazine to the chamber and the bore is closed and the bolt is locked, the bolt carrier, continuing to move forward, removes the self-timer sear from under the cocking of the self-timer trigger. The trigger under the action of the mainspring turns and strikes the trigger retarder latch; the retarder turns back, exposing the front ledge to the hammer; as a result of these blows to the retarder, the movement of the trigger forward is somewhat slowed down by Chapter IV. The operation of the parts and mechanisms of the machine gun is 61, which allows the barrel, after hitting the bolt frame with the bolt, to take a position close to the original, and thereby improve the accuracy of the battle. After hitting the front lug of the retarder, the hammer strikes the firing pin. There is a shot. The work of parts and mechanisms of the machine is repeated. Automatic firing will continue as long as the trigger is pulled and there are cartridges in the magazine.

Release the trigger to stop firing. In this case, the trigger under the action of the mainspring will turn and its curly protrusion will stand in the way of the movement of the cocking cock. The trigger stops on the combat platoon. The shooting stops, but the machine remains loaded, ready for further automatic firing.

The work of parts and mechanisms when firing single shots

35. To produce a single shot, you must put the translator on a single fire (OD) and pull the trigger.

When setting the translator from the position on the fuse to the position on a single fire (OD), the translator sector releases the rectangular ledge of the trigger (unlocks the trigger), completely exits the cutout of the single fire sear and 62 Part One. The device of the machine does not take part in the operation of the trigger mechanism when firing.

When you press the tail of the trigger, its curly protrusion disengages from the cocking of the trigger. The trigger under the action of the mainspring rotates on its Fig. 45.

The position of the parts of the trigger mechanism after the shot with the translator set to a single fire:

1 - trigger; 2 - trigger retarder; 3 - whisper of a single fire; 4 - trigger; 5 - self-timer sear; 6 - the bolt carrier of the axis and vigorously strikes the firing pin.

There is a shot. After the first shot, the parts and mechanisms will do the same work as during automatic firing, but the next shot will not occur, since the whisper of a single fire turned forward along with the trigger and its hook got in the way of the cocking cock.

Chapter IV. The operation of parts and mechanisms of the machine gun 63 The cocking of the trigger will jump behind the sear of a single fire, and the trigger will stop in the rear position (Fig. 45).

To fire the next shot, you need to release the trigger and pull it again. When the trigger is released, it will turn under the action of the mainspring along with the single-fire sear, the single-fire sear will disengage from the cocking cock and release the trigger. The trigger turns under the action of the mainspring, strikes first the retarder latch, and then its front ledge, and becomes cocked.

When the trigger is pressed, its curly protrusion disengages from the cocking of the trigger and the work of the parts and mechanisms will be repeated. There will be another shot.

Delays when shooting from a machine gun and how to eliminate them

36. Parts and mechanisms of the machine, with proper handling of the machine and proper care for it for a long time, work reliably and without fail. However, as a result of contamination of mechanisms, wear of parts and careless handling of the machine gun, as well as malfunctioning cartridges, delays in firing may occur.

37. The delay that occurred during firing should be tried to eliminate by reloading, Part One. The device of the machine for which quickly take the bolt frame by the handle back to failure, release it and continue firing. If the delay is not eliminated, then you need to find out the cause of its occurrence and eliminate the delay, as indicated below.

–  –  –

General provisions

38. The machine must be kept in perfect working order and be ready for action. This is achieved by timely and skillful cleaning and lubrication and proper storage of the machine.

39. Cleaning of the machine located in the subdivision is carried out:

In preparation for shooting;

After firing with live and blank cartridges - immediately after firing at the shooting range (in the field); the receiver, bore, gas chamber, gas piston, bolt carrier and bolt are cleaned and lubricated; the final cleaning of the machine is carried out upon returning from the shooting and for the next 3-4 days daily;

After the outfit and classes in the field without shooting - upon returning from the outfit or classes;

In a combat situation and during long-term exercises - daily during periods of calm in combat and during breaks in exercises;

- "if the machine was not used, - at least once a week.

3* 68 Part one. Machine device

40. Lubricate the machine after cleaning. Apply the lubricant only to a well-cleaned and dry metal surface immediately after cleaning to prevent moisture from affecting the metal.

41. Cleaning and lubrication of the machine are carried out under the direct supervision of the squad leader. The squad leader must determine the extent of disassembly, cleaning and lubrication required; check the serviceability of the accessories and the good quality of the cleaning materials; check the correctness and quality of the cleaning performed and give permission for lubrication and assembly; check the correctness of the lubrication and assembly of the machine. "Officers are required to periodically be present during the cleaning of the machine and check the correctness of its conduct.

42. In the barracks or camp location, clean the machine in specially designated places on tables equipped for this purpose, and in a combat situation and in exercises - on clean bedding, boards, plywood, etc.

43. At the shooting range, after shooting, clean the automatic rifle in the places designated for this with an RFS solution or liquid gun lubricant.

Cleaning of machine guns with RFS solution is carried out only under the guidance of officers or foremen of the unit.

An assault rifle cleaned at the shooting range with rifle grease, after returning to Chapter V. Caring for an assault rifle. 69 barracks must be cleaned with RFS solution.

In the field, the machine is cleaned and lubricated only with liquid gun grease.

44. For cleaning and lubricating the machine, the following are used:

Liquid gun lubricant - for cleaning the machine gun and lubricating its parts and mechanisms at an air temperature of +5 (US to

Gun lubrication - for lubricating the bore, parts and mechanisms of the machine after cleaning them; this grease is used at air temperatures above +5 ° C;

RFS solution (barrel cleaning solution) - for cleaning barrel channels and other parts of the machine that have been exposed to powder gases.

N o t e. RFS solution is prepared in!

unit in the amount necessary to clean weapons within one day. The composition of the solution:

Water suitable for drinking - 1 l;

Ammonium carbonate - 200 g;

Potassium dichromate (chromic peak) - 3-5 g.

Small amounts of RFS solution may be stored for no more than 7 days in glass vessels sealed with a stopper, in a dark place and away from heating devices. It is prohibited to pour RFS solution into oilers.

h - rags or paper KV-22 - for wiping, cleaning and lubricating the machine;

Tow (short flax fiber), cleanedPart one. Machine device

–  –  –

rubbing with tsakley was introduced into the bore with a small hand effort; pour a little liquid gun grease on the tow and lightly crush the tow with your fingers. Insert the ramrod with rubbing and tow into the bore and fasten the canister cover (muzzle pad) on the barrel;

If the bore is cleaned after firing, the compensator is screwed together.

With one hand holding the muzzle of the machine gun and the cover of the case, and with the other, holding the case, smoothly, without bending the ramrod, move it along the entire length of the barrel bore several times (when cleaning the muzzle of the barrel / remove the muzzle pad from the barrel). Remove the ramrod, change the tow, saturate it with liquid gun grease and clean the bore several times in the same order. After that, carefully wipe the ramrod and wipe the bore with a clean, dry tow, and then with a clean rag. Inspect the rags and, if traces of soot (blackness), rust or contamination are noticeable on it, continue cleaning the bore, and then wipe it again with dry tow and rags. If the rag after wiping came out of the bore clean, i.e. without blackness from powder deposits or yellow color from rust, carefully inspect the barrel bore. To the light from the muzzle and from the side of the chamber, slowly turning the barrel in your hands. At the same time, pay special attention to the corners of the rifling and check if there is any carbon deposits in them.

To clean the bore with RFS solution with a brush dipped in the solution;

72 Part one. The device of the machine then wipe the barrel bore with tow. Continue cleaning with RFS solution until carbon deposits are completely removed, until a brush or tow moistened with a solution leaves the bore without carbon deposits or greenery. After that, wipe the bore with dry tow, and then with a clean rag. The next day, check the quality of the cleaning done and, if when wiping the bore with a clean rag, carbon deposits are found on it, re-clean in the same order.

After cleaning the threaded part of the barrel bore, clean the chamber from the side of the receiver in the same order.

Note. If during cleaning the wiping with a ramrod gets stuck in the bore, you need to introduce a little heated liquid gun lubricant into the bore and after a few minutes try to remove the ramrod.

If the ramrod cannot be removed, send the machine to a repair shop.

5) Rinse the gas chamber, gas pipe and compensator with liquid gun grease or RFS solution and clean with tow (rags) using a ramrod or wooden stick. After cleaning the gas chamber with RFS solution, wipe it dry with a rag, inspect the barrel bore so that there are no foreign objects left in it, and wipe the barrel from the outside. Wipe the gas pipe dry after cleaning.

6) Clean the receiver, bolt carrier, bolt, gas piston with a rag soaked in liquid gun grease or RFS solution, then wipe dry.

Chapter V. Machine Care 73 If liquid gun grease is used for cleaning after shooting, cover the gas piston, as well as the cylindrical cutouts of the bolt, with grease or wrap them for 3-5 minutes.

cloth soaked in grease. After that, use a stick to remove the hardened powder deposits and wipe them dry.

7) Wipe the rest of the metal parts dry with a rag; in case of severe contamination of the parts, clean them with liquid gun grease, and then wipe dry.

8) Wipe the wooden parts with a dry cloth.

46. ​​The soldier reports to the squad leader about the end of cleaning the machine gun; then, with the permission of the squad leader, the machine is lubricated and assembled.

47. Lubricate the machine in the following order:

1) Lubricate the bore. Screw a cleaning cloth onto the ramrod and place a rag soaked in grease on it. Introduce the wipe into the bore from the muzzle and gently advance it two or three times along the entire length of the barrel to evenly cover the bore with a thin layer of lubricant. Lubricate the chamber and compensator.

2) Cover all other metal parts and mechanisms of the machine with a thin layer of grease using an oiled rag.

Excessive lubrication contributes to the contamination of parts and can cause delays in firing.

Do not grease wooden parts, 74 Part one. Machine arrangement After lubrication, assemble the machine, check the operation of its parts and mechanisms, clean and lubricate the magazines and accessories, and then show the machine to the squad leader.

48. In the cold season at a temperature of + 5 ° C and below, lubricate machine guns only with liquid gun grease. When changing from one lubricant to another, the old lubricant must be carefully removed from all parts of the machine.

To remove the grease, it is necessary to completely disassemble the machine, wash all metal parts in liquid gun grease and wipe them with a clean rag.

Note. The use of gun grease at air temperatures below +5 ° C instead of liquid gun grease is strictly prohibited.

49. An automatic machine brought from frost into a warm room should be cleaned after 10-20 minutes. (after he sweats). It is recommended that before entering a warm room, wipe the outer surfaces of the machine with a rag soaked in liquid gun grease.

50. Lubricate the machine gun, handed over to the warehouse for long-term storage, with liquid gun grease, wrap it in one layer of inhibited, and then in one layer of paraffin paper.

51. Degassing, decontamination and disinfection of machine guns are carried out according to the instructions of the unit commander, Chapter V. Caring for the machine gun Storage and preservation of machine guns and cartridges

52. The commander of the unit is responsible for the storage of machine guns and cartridges in the unit.

The machine gun is always stored unloaded, while the magazine is separated, the bayonet is removed, the trigger is lowered, the translator is on the fuse, the sight collar is set to the “P” division.

The machine is removed from the fuse only during firing.

The submachine gunner must always keep the submachine gun clean and in perfect working order, handle it with care and inspect it in the cases specified in Art. 61. When checking the operation of the firing mechanism, do not excessively release the trigger.

53. In the barracks and camp location, the machine gun is stored in a pyramid; in a special section of the same pyramid stores stores, a bag for stores, a bayonet-knife in a sheath and an oiler, and for a machine gun with a folding butt, in addition, a pencil case with accessories and a case for the machine gun. The mag bag and belt must be kept clean and dry.

54. When temporarily located in any building, store the machine in a dry place away from doors, stoves and heating devices. In a combat situation, keep the machine with you, in your hands.

55. When driving to class and on a hike, the machine is carried on a belt in position 76 Part one. The device of the machine "on the belt", "on the chest" or "behind the back".

The belt must be adjusted so that the machine does not hit hard pieces of equipment. The machine is transferred with an attached magazine. The rest of the magazines are in the bag. A machine gun with a folding buttstock is carried and transported in any conditions with a folded buttstock.

During breaks between classes, as well as during halts, the submachine gun is kept by the submachine gunner on his belt or in his hands.

56. When moving in cars or armored personnel carriers, keep the machine gun vertically between the knees. When moving on tanks, keep the machine gun in your hands, protecting it from hitting the armor.

57. When transported by railways or waterways, the machines are installed in a special pyramid. If the wagon or steamer is not equipped with pyramids, the machine can be held in hands or placed on a shelf so that it cannot fall or be damaged.

58. To prevent swelling or rupture of the barrel, it is forbidden to plug the barrel bore with anything.

59. Cartridges on the shooting range should be stored in a dry place and, if possible, protected from sunlight.

Cartridges must be handled with care, protected from damage by moisture and dirt.

Lubrication of cartridges is prohibited. Loss of ammunition is not allowed.

Chapter VI. Inspection of the machine gun and preparing it for firing 77

–  –  –

MACHINE INSPECTION AND PREPARATION

HIM TO SHOOTING

General provisions

60. To check the serviceability of the machine gun, its cleanliness, lubrication and preparation for firing, inspections of the machine gun, accessories and magazines are carried out.

61. Soldiers and sergeants inspect machine guns:

Daily;

Before entering the outfit, before going to classes, in a combat situation - periodically during the day and before performing a combat mission;

During cleaning.

62. Officers inspect machine guns periodically within the time limits established by the Charter of the Internal Service, as well as all machine guns or some of them before firing, joining the squad and before performing a combat mission.

63. Malfunctions of the machine, magazines and accessories must be eliminated immediately. If it is impossible to eliminate them in the unit, send the machine gun, magazines and accessories to the repair shop.

64. Characteristic malfunctions, outside the first. The device of the machine gun shaking the normal battle of the machine gun can be the following:

The front sight is knocked down or bent, moved to the side, up or down - the bullets will deviate in the direction opposite to the movement of the top of the front sight;

The aiming bar is bent^or skewed - the bullets will deviate in the direction of moving the slot of the mane of the aiming bar;

The barrel is bent - the bullets will deviate towards the bend of the muzzle of the barrel;

Notches on the muzzle of the barrel, rubbing of the bore (especially in the muzzle), wear and rounding of the corners of the rifling fields, shells, swinging of the aiming bar, front sight, butt - all this increases the dispersion of bullets.

The order of inspection of the machine by soldiers and sergeants

65. During daily inspection, make sure that all parts of the machine are present and check:

whether there are rust, dirt, dents, scratches and nicks on the outer parts, as well as other damage that may cause a malfunction of the mechanisms; are there any cracks, chips and bruises on the wooden parts; Is the fastening of the ramrod secure?

in addition, check the state of lubrication, on the parts visible without dismantling the machine, on Chapter VI. Inspection of the machine gun and preparing it for firing 79 The presence of a belt, accessories, magazines, bags for them and a bayonet-knife, and a machine gun with a folding butt also has a cover for the machine gun.

66. When examining a machine gun before joining the outfit, before leaving for classes and in a combat situation, check the same as during a daily inspection; in addition, check the serviceability of the sight and front sight; make sure that there are no foreign objects in the bore;

check the correct operation of parts and mechanisms.

When checking the serviceability of the sight and the front sight, make sure that the slot on the mane of the aiming bar does not have nicks, the clamp moves smoothly along the aiming bar and is securely fixed in the installed position with a latch, the spring securely holds the aiming bar, the front sight is not bent and is firmly held in the rail, the risk on the rail coincides with the risk on the base of the front sight, the skid is firmly held at the base of the front sight.

"When checking the correct operation of parts and mechanisms, it is necessary:

Put the translator on automatic fire (AB), pull the bolt carrier back by the handle to failure and release it; in this case, the bolt carrier should vigorously return to the forward position; again take the bolt carrier back by the handle, pull the trigger and, holding the bolt carrier by the handle, slowly release it; when the bolt frame approaches the extreme front

I-80 Part one. Machine device

position, a click should be heard - the trigger strikes the drummer;

Put the translator on a single fire (OD), pull the trigger, pull the bolt carrier by the handle back to failure and, without releasing the trigger, release the bolt carrier; release the trigger, while a click should be heard - the trigger, disengaged from the sear of a single fire, becomes cocked; then put the machine on the fuse and pull the trigger:

the tail of the trigger should not move back, and the trigger should remain cocked; remove the machine from the fuse and pull the trigger, while the hammer should be heard hitting the drummer.

When rearranging the interpreter, check whether it is securely held in the established positions.

For a rifle with a folding butt, check the vigor of the action of the butt locks and the locking of the butt in the folded and folded positions, the serviceability and fixation of the shoulder rest in the folded position.

67. When inspecting the machine during cleaning, check each part and mechanism separately and make sure that there are no metal chips, nicks, bends, rust and dirt on the metal parts, and cracks and bruises on the wooden parts. Particular attention should be paid to the condition of the bore.

Chapter VI. Inspection of the machine gun and preparing it for firing 81

68. When inspecting accessories, check the presence and serviceability of all accessories.

To check the ramrod, wiping and brush, alternately screw the wiping and the brush onto the ramrod and check by eye if they are bent; the wiping and the brush must be firmly held on the ramrod, and the upper part of the wiping must rotate freely; the brush should be clean and the bristles should not fall out.

The pencil case should not have cracks, bruises and deaths. The ramrod head must not pass through the smaller side opening of the pencil case. The canister cover must be firmly held on the barrel and not have significant lateral wobble on it, so that the muzzle of the barrel is not rubbed with a ramrod during cleaning. Wiping should not pass through the hole in the cover of the case.

The oiler should not have cracks or dents. The oiler cap must have a gasket and screw tightly onto the oiler. Grease must not leak from the oiler.

The screwdriver should not have any chipping and nicks on the blade and on the walls of the cutouts. The punch and pin must not be bent.

69. Soldiers and sergeants must immediately report to their commander about all malfunctions discovered during the inspection of the machine gun and its accessories.

82 Part one. The device of the machine The order of inspection of the machine by officers

70. Officers inspect machine guns assembled and disassembled.

71. Inspection of the assembled machine in accordance with Art. 65 and 66. In addition, check:

1) Feeding cartridges into the chamber, extracting and repelling cartridge cases: equip the magazine with training cartridges, attach it to the machine gun and, without pressing the magazine latch, try to separate the magazine with the force of your hand - the magazine should. freely enter the window of the receiver and ^ - securely held by the magazine latch. Reload the machine several times, while training cartridges should be sent from the magazine to the chamber without delay and vigorously thrown out of the receiver.

2) Serviceability of the butt: the butt plate screws must be fully screwed in, the slots of the screws are cleaned; when you press the butt plate cover with your finger, the pencil case under the action of the spring should move out of the butt socket so that it can be removed by hand. The folding stock is checked as specified in Art. 66. In addition, check if the rods are bent and if there is any butt pitching.

3) Serviceability of magazines: magazines must not have bruises and burrs on the body and bends, which may impede the supply of cartridges; the stopper must securely hold the magazine cover; submitter under Chapter VI. Inspection of the machine and preparation of the 83 for firing 83 by the action of the spring should vigorously return to the upper position.

4) Serviceability of the bayonet-knife: the bayonet-knife must be firmly held on the machine, freely removed from it and firmly held in the sheath. There should be no nicks on the blade, dents on the sheath, and chips and cracks on the handle. The insulation of the sheath and bayonet must not be damaged.

72. To inspect the machine in disassembled form, perform incomplete or complete disassembly and wipe the parts dry.

When examining the machine in disassembled form, compare the numbers on its parts (Article 5) and carefully examine each part and mechanism to make sure that there are no chips, nicks, dents, bends, broken threads, rashes, traces of rust and dirt on the metal parts, and on the wooden parts - cracks and bruises.

1) When inspecting the barrel, pay special attention to the condition of the barrel bore. The bore is inspected from the muzzle. To do this, a white piece of paper is inserted into the receiver, the barrel is placed in such a position that the light is reflected from the paper and illuminates the bore. The chamber is inspected from the breech.

The following deficiencies may be observed in the bore:

Grid swing in the form of intersecting thin lines, usually from the breech;

subsequently, when firing, cracks form in the places of the firing grid and 84 Part One begins. The device of the machine is chipping of chrome in the form of separate points, then the crumbling increases and turns into chipped chrome; if the cleaning is not thorough enough, rust may appear in the places where the chrome is chipped;

Shells - significant depressions in the metal, formed as a result of a large number of shots fired from the barrel (barrel height) or as a result of prolonged exposure to rust in places where chrome was chipped; a barrel in which chrome chips or shells have formed must be cleaned especially carefully after firing;

Erasing of the rifling fields or rounding of the corners of the rifling fields, especially on their left side, noticeable to the eye;

Bloating of the barrel, noticeable in the bore in the form of a transverse dark (shadow) solid ring (half-ring) or detected by the bulge of the metal on the outer surface of the barrel; the possibility of firing from a barrel with swelling is determined by the officer; an assault rifle with a slight annular swelling of the barrel without a bulge of metal on the outer surface of the barrel is suitable for further firing if it satisfies the conditions of normal combat.

The detected shortcomings of the barrel bore must be entered in the card of the quality state of the machine.

When examining the barrel from the outside, check for nicks on the cut of the gas chamber pipe, and check the action of the latch - when pressed with a finger, should the latch be easily sunk?

Chapter VI. Inspection of the machine gun and preparing it for firing 85 move, and after release, leave its nest and take its original position, entering the grooves of the compensator or clutch. With the retainer recessed, the compensator and sleeve should be easily screwed off the barrel.

2) When inspecting the receiver, check whether the reflective protrusion of the receiver is broken; are there any curvatures and nicks on the bends; whether there is a pitching butt and a pistol grip; Is the magazine latch spring working?

3) When inspecting the bolt frame, pay attention to the fastening of the gas piston, which should have a slight pitching.

4) When inspecting the shutter, pay attention to the serviceability of the striker and ejector.

To check the health of the drummer, give the shutter a vertical position; after that, turn the shutter by 180 ° - the striker should move in the shutter under the action of its own weight. Move the drummer forward to failure - the striker should protrude from the hole in the bottom of the bolt cutout. The striker should not have a crumble or a strong heat.

To check the correct operation of the ejector, take it to the side with your finger and release it - the ejector under the action of the spring should vigorously return to former position. Insert a training cartridge into the bolt cutout and try to remove the training cartridge forward - the cartridge must be firmly held by the ejector hook in the bolt cutout.

86 Part one. Machine device The ejector hook must not be chipped.

5) When inspecting parts of the return and trigger mechanisms, check for breaks and bends in the springs, breaks and cracks on the protrusions of the moving parts.

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73. Inspect cartridges before firing, when joining the outfit and by order of the commanders.

When inspecting cartridges, check:

Are there any rust and bruises on the sleeves, is the bullet staggering in the muzzle of the sleeve;

Is there a green coating on the primer and does the primer protrude above the surface of the bottom of the sleeve;

Are there any training cartridges among the combat cartridges.

^ All defective cartridges are handed over to the warehouse.

If the cartridges are dusty and dirty, covered with a slight green coating or rust, they must be wiped with a dry, clean rag. It is forbidden to wipe cartridges with oiled rags and to equip magazines that are richly lubricated inside with cartridges.

Preparing the rifle for firing

74. The preparation of the assault rifle for firing is carried out in order to ensure its trouble-free operation during firing.

Chapter VII. Checking the combat of the machine gun 87 The machine gun is preparing for firing under the guidance of the squad leader.

75. * To prepare an assault rifle for firing, you must:

Clean, inspect the disassembled machine and lubricate it;

Inspect the machine in assembled form;

Check out the shops.

Immediately before firing, clean the barrel bore (rifled part and chamber) dry, inspect the cartridges and equip the magazines with them.

If the machine has been in the cold for a long time, then before loading it, manually pull back and push the bolt carrier forward several times.

–  –  –

76. A submachine gun in a subunit must always be brought to normal combat.

Checking the combat of the machine is carried out:

Upon admission to the unit;

After repair, replacement of parts that could b! change his fight;

88 Part one. The device of the machine gun - when abnormal deviations of bullets are detected during firing.

In a combat situation, every opportunity must be used to periodically check the combat of machine guns and bring them to normal combat.

77. Before checking the battle, the machine should be carefully inspected and the detected malfunctions eliminated.

78. Checking the combat of the machine gun and bringing it to normal combat is carried out under the guidance of the company (battery, platoon) commander at the shooting range in calm weather, in a closed shooting range or in a wind-protected section of the shooting range, under normal lighting.

Direct superiors, up to and including the commander of the unit, are obliged to monitor the exact observance of the rules for checking combat and bringing machine guns to normal combat.

79. Shooting when checking the combat of machine guns and bringing them to normal combat is carried out by the best machine gunners selected by the unit commander.

When checking the battle, machine gunners must be present, to whom machine guns are assigned, their squad leaders and a gunsmith or weapons technician with the necessary tools.

80. Checking the combat of the machine gun and bringing it to normal combat is carried out by firing cartridges with an ordinary bullet. The cartridges must be of the same batch. Firing range 100 m, sight 3- Provision for Chapter VII. Checking the battle of the automatic shooting-lying from the stop. Automatic - without a bayonet-knife. Machine guns with compensators are brought into normal combat with compensators, which later on do not screw together when firing.

81. Shooting is carried out with single shots at a test target (or at a black rectangle measuring 35 cm in height and 25 cm in width), mounted on a white shield 1 m high and 0.5 m wide. The aiming point is the middle of the lower edge of the test target (black rectangle);

it should be approximately at the level of the shooter's eye. On a black rectangle along a plumb line at a distance of 25 cm above the aiming point, the normal position of the midpoint of impact (STP) is marked with chalk or colored pencil.

This point is the control point (CT). At the test target, the center of the circles is taken as the control point.

Combat check

82. To check the battle, the shooter fires four single shots, carefully and uniformly aiming under the middle of the lower edge of the target (black rectangle). At the end of the shooting, the commander in charge of checking the battle inspects the target and, by the location of the holes, determines the accuracy of the battle and the position of the midpoint of impact. Soldiers and sergeants who are firing are not allowed to inspect the targets.

90 Part one. Machine device

83. The accuracy of the battle is recognized as normal if all four holes or three (with one torn off) fit into a circle with a diameter of 15 cm. If the accuracy of the location of the holes does not meet this requirement, then the shooting is repeated. In case of a repeated unsatisfactory result of firing, the machine gun should be sent to a repair shop to eliminate the causes of bullet scatter.

If the accuracy of the location of the holes is recognized as normal, then the commander determines the middle point of impact and its position relative to the control point.

84. To determine the midpoint of hitting four holes, you need:

Connect the resulting point to the third hole and divide the distance between them into three equal parts;

Connect the division point closest to the first two holes with the fourth hole and divide the distance between them into four equal parts.

The division point closest to the first three holes will be the middle point of the four holes (Fig. 47, a).

The middle point of impact can also be determined in the following way: connect the holes in pairs, then connect the midpoints of both straight lines and divide the resulting line in half; the division point will be the middle point of impact (Fig. 47.6).

Chapter VII. Checking the battle of the machine

85. If all four holes do not fit in a circle with a diameter of 15 cm, then the average point of impact is allowed to be determined from three more closely spaced holes, provided that the fourth hole is more than 2.5 times the radius of the circle containing these three holes (Fig. 47, d).

–  –  –

86. To determine the average point of impact on three holes, you need:

Connect the two nearest holes with a straight line and divide the distance between them in half;

Connect the resulting point to the third hole and divide the distance between them into three equal parts.

92 Part one. The device of the machine gun The division point closest to the first two holes will be the middle point of impact (Fig. 47, c).

87. During normal combat of the machine gun, the middle point of impact must coincide with the control point or deviate from it in any direction by no more than 5 cm, i.e.

do not go beyond the small circle of the sighting target.

88. An assault rifle whose combat turns out to be abnormal during the check is brought to normal combat in accordance with Art. 89.

Bringing to a normal fight

89. If, when firing with single shots, the middle point of impact deviates from the control one in any direction by more than 5 cm, then the position of the front sight is changed accordingly: if the average point of impact is lower than the control one, the front sight must be screwed in, if higher - unscrew; if the middle point of impact is to the left of the control point, move the front sight to the left, if to the right - to the right.

When moving the front sight to the side by 1 mm, the average point of impact at 100 m is shifted by 26 cm. One full rotation of the front sight moves the average point of impact at 100 m by 20 cm.

The correctness of the front sight movement is checked by repeated shooting.

90. After bringing the automaton to normal Chapter VII. Checking the battle of the machine gun In the 93rd battle, the old risk on the front sight is clogged, and a new one is stuffed instead.

The last result of shooting when bringing the machine gun to normal combat is recorded in the quality status card.

PART TWO

RECEPTIONS AND RULES OF SHOOTING

FROM AUTOMATIC

–  –  –

General provisions /

91. Shooting from a machine gun can be carried out from various positions and from any place where the target or terrain is visible from where the enemy is expected to appear.

When firing from a place, the machine gunner assumes a position for firing while standing, kneeling and lying down, depending on the conditions of the terrain and enemy fire.

On the move, the submachine gunner can fire on the move without stopping and from a short stop.

When moving in an armored personnel carrier, car, tank, amphibious crossing and skiing, the submachine gunner takes a position convenient for him, observing security measures.

92. In combat conditions, the submachine gunner occupies and equips the shooting area according to the commands of the squad leader or independently. In the command to take up the firing position, the commander may also determine the time for Chapter V I I I. Equipment, firing position, sector of fire or direction of fire.

For shooting from a machine gun, it is necessary to choose a place that provides best review and shelling, covers the submachine gunner from observation and enemy fire and allows you to conveniently perform shooting techniques.

Depending on the situation, a place for shooting is chosen in a trench, a trench, a funnel from a shell, a ditch, behind a stone, a stump, etc. In a populated area, a place for shooting can be chosen in the window of a building, in the attic, in the foundation of a building, etc. P.

You should not choose a place for shooting near prominent individual local objects, as well as on the crests of hills.

93. When preparing a place for firing in advance, it is necessary to check the possibility of firing in a given sector or direction, for which the machine gun is sequentially aimed at various local objects. For the convenience of firing, it is necessary to prepare an emphasis under the forearm of the machine.

94. To occupy a place for shooting, a command is given, approximately: "So-and-so (or machine gunner so-and-so), a place for shooting there - for battle." On this command, the submachine gunner, applying to the terrain, quickly takes up a place for firing, prepares for firing and opens fire.

95. To change the place for shooting, a command is given, approximately: “To such and such (or to such and such a submachine gunner), run across there - 96 Part Two. Techniques and rules of firing from a machine gun forward. On this command, the submachine gunner outlines the path of advancement to a new place, sheltered places for stops and a method of movement, if it was not specified in the command.

Depending on the situation and the nature of the terrain, the submachine gunner moves in combat by running, at an accelerated pace, and by running or crawling. Before starting the movement, the machine is put on the fuse.

Rice. 48. Holding the machine while crawling in a plastunski

96. When running, at an accelerated pace and when rushing, the machine is held with one or two hands, as it is more convenient.

When crawling, the machine gun is held with the right hand by the belt at the upper swivel or by the forearm (Fig. 48).

97 To successfully complete fire missions, a submachine gunner must be fluent in the techniques of firing from a submachine gun.

Each machine gunner, guided by general rules performing shooting techniques and taking into account their individual characteristics, must develop and apply the most advantageous and stable position for shooting, Chapter V I I I. Techniques for shooting from a machine gun 97, achieving a uniform position of the head, body, arms and legs.

Depending on the physical characteristics of the submachine gunner, it is allowed to shoot from the left shoulder, aim with both eyes open, etc.

98. Shooting from a submachine gun consists of getting ready to fire, firing (shot) and stopping firing.

Ready for shooting

99. The submachine gunner is made to fire on command or independently. On the training sessions the command to prepare for shooting can be given separately, for example: “To the firing line, step - march” and then “Load”. If necessary, the position for firing is indicated before the “Load” command.

100. Preparation for shooting includes taking a position for shooting and loading the machine gun.

101. To take a prone position, you must:

Move your right hand along the belt slightly upwards and, removing the machine gun from your shoulder, grab it with your left hand by the trigger guard and receiver, then take the machine gun with your right hand by the receiver pad and forearm with the muzzle forward. At the same time, take a full step forward with your right foot and slightly to the right. Leaning forward, get down on your left knee and put your left hand on the ground "/24-230 98 Part Two. Techniques and rules for firing from a machine gun in front of you, fingers to the right (Fig. 49, a);

then, leaning sequentially on the thigh of the left leg and the forearm of the left hand, lie on the left side and quickly turn on the stomach, Fig. 49. Procedure for assuming a prone position:

a - the submachine gunner leans on his left knee and left hand; b - the machine gun is held with the left hand by the fore-end with legs spread slightly to the sides with toes outward; at the same time, put the machine gun on the palm of your left hand (Fig. 49.6).

2) If the machine is in the “on the chest” position.

Take the machine gun from below by the fore-end with your left hand and Chapter V I I I. Shooting techniques from the handguard and, lifting it slightly forward and upward, take your right hand out from under the belt, and then throw the belt over your head and take the machine gun with your right hand by the handguard and handguard muzzle forward. In the future, the prone shooting position is taken in the same way as from the “on the belt” position with the machine gun.

102. To take a position for shooting from the knee, you need to: take the machine gun in your right hand (Art. 101) by the handguard and forearm with the muzzle forward and at the same time, putting your right foot aside Fig. 50. Provision for

Back, kneel down on the right knee and sit on the heel; the lower leg of the left leg should remain in a vertical position, and the hips should form an angle close to a right one. Shift the machine with the forearm to the left hand, pointing it towards the target (Fig. 50).

103. To take a standing position for shooting, you must:

1) If the machine is in the “on the belt” position.

Turn half-turn to the right in relation to the direction of the target and, without placing your left foot, set it aside to the left approximately shoulder-width apart, as is more convenient for the machine gunner, part two. Receptions and rules of shooting from a machine gun

–  –  –

forearm, with your right hand, attach an equipped magazine to the machine (see article 7, paragraph 9 and fig. I), if it has not been previously attached to it;

Put the translator on automatic fire (AB), if the machine is on the fuse;

–  –  –

With your right hand, by the handle, pull the bolt carrier back to failure and release it;

Put the machine on the fuse (Fig. 53), if there is no immediate opening of fire or the “Fire” command is not followed, and transfer the right hand to the pistol grip (see Fig. 49.6).

5-230 102 Part two. Receptions and rules of shooting from a machine gun

106. If before loading the machine the magazine was not equipped with cartridges or the cartridges were used up during firing, then it is necessary to equip the magazine.

To equip the store, you need to take the store in your left hand with the neck up and the convex side to the left, and in your right hand - a cartridge

Rice. 53. The machine is on the fuse

with bullets to the little finger so that the bottom of the cartridge case rises slightly above the thumb and forefinger. Holding the magazine with a slight inclination to the left, pressing the thumb (Fig. 54) insert the cartridges one by one under the bends of the side walls with the bottom of the sleeve to the rear wall of the magazine.

107. When preparing to fire from a machine gun with a folding butt, it is necessary to fold the butt before loading the machine. To do this, holding the machine gun with the left hand on the shoulder rest and fore-end, and with the right hand on the pistol grip, with the thumb of the right I Chapter VIII. Drown the cap of the latch with your left hand, deflect the rods slightly down with your left hand (Fig. 55).

After that, with your left hand, take the machine by the fore-end and the handguard, with your right hand, fold the rods back until they are fixed in the kickbacks.

–  –  –

nut position with the butt locks and place the shoulder rest perpendicular to the rods.

In the absence of time to recline the butt (in the event of a sudden attack by the enemy), the submachine gunner is prepared to fire (and fires) from the submachine gun with the butt folded, pressing the submachine gun back. 104 Part Two. Techniques and rules for firing from a machine gun with a part of the receiver and a pistol grip to the body (Fig. 56).

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When shooting at targets at ranges up to 300 m, the sight and aiming point may not be indicated. For example: "To submachine gunners, for attacking infantry - fire." On this command, the submachine gunner fires with a sight of 3 or "P",

–  –  –

and chooses the aiming point independently.

109. The production of shooting (shot) includes the installation of a sight, an interpreter for the required type of fire, an attachment, aiming, pulling the trigger and holding the machine gun while firing.

110. To install the sight, it is necessary, having brought the machine closer to you, with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, squeeze the clamp latch (Fig. 57) and move the clamp to part two. Techniques and rules for firing from a machine gun accommodating its front cut with a risk (division) under the corresponding number on the aiming bar.

111. To set the translator to the required type of fire (Fig. 58), it is necessary, pressing the pain

–  –  –

with your right hand finger on the translator’s ledge, turn the translator down: to the first click - for automatic fire (AB), to the second click - for single fire (OD).

Chapter V I I I

112. To apply the machine gun, holding the machine gun with the left hand by the fore-end or by the magazine, and with the right hand by the pistol grip and without losing sight of the target, rest the butt against the shoulder so as to feel a snug fit to the shoulder of the entire recoil pad (shoulder rest), put the index finger of the right hand (with the first joint) on the trigger.

Tilt your head slightly forward and without straining your neck, attach your right cheek to the butt.

Elbows should be:

Placed on the ground in the most comfortable position, approximately shoulder width apart when firing from a prone position (Fig. 59), standing and kneeling from a trench;

The elbow of the left hand is placed on the flesh of the left leg at the knee or slightly lowered from it, and the elbow of the right hand is raised approximately to shoulder height (Fig. 60, a) when firing from a kneeling position outside the trench;

The elbow of the left hand is pressed to the side near the bag for grenades, if the machine is held by the magazine, and the elbow of the right hand is raised approximately to shoulder height (Fig. 60, b) when firing from a standing position outside the trench.

If a belt is used with the butt to more firmly hold the machine gun when firing, then the belt must be placed under the left hand so that it presses it against the forearm (Fig. 61).

113. For aiming, you need to close your left eye, and look through the slot with your right

Rice. 59. Holding the machine when shooting prone:

a - ^ with the left hand behind the forearm;, 6 "- with the left hand behind the magazine Chapter V I I I. Techniques for firing from a machine gun 109 sight at the front sight so that the front sight falls in the middle of the slot, and its top is on a par with the upper edges of the mane of the aiming bar, i.e. e. take a flat front sight (Fig. 62).

Holding your breath as you exhale, moving your elbows, and if you need the body and legs,

–  –  –

bring a straight front sight to the aiming point, while simultaneously pressing the trigger with the first knuckle of the index finger of the right hand. h When aiming, you need to ensure that the mane of the aiming bar is in a horizontal position.

114. To pull the trigger, it is necessary to firmly hold the machine gun with the left hand by the forearm or MAPO Part two. Techniques and rules for firing from a gazin machine gun, and pressing the pistol grip to your shoulder with your right hand, holding your breath, continue to gently press the trigger until the trigger is invisible to the car

–  –  –

the matchika will not go down from the combat platoon, i.e.

until the shot is fired.

Rice. 62. Smooth front sight If, when aiming, a straight front sight deviates significantly from the aiming point, Chapter V I I I. Techniques for firing from a machine gun, without increasing or weakening the pressure on the trigger, refine the aiming and again increase the pressure on the trigger until a shot will occur.

When pulling the trigger, one should not attach importance to the slight fluctuations of an even front sight at the aiming point. The desire to squeeze the trigger at the moment of the best owl

Rice. 63. Prone shooting position with the magazine resting on the ground

moving a level sight with a point of aim, as a rule, leads to pulling the trigger and to an inaccurate shot.

If the submachine gunner, pressing the trigger, feels that he can no longer stop breathing, it is necessary, without increasing or weakening the pressure of the finger on the trigger, to resume breathing and, holding it again on exhalation, refine the aiming and continue pressing the trigger.

115. When firing bursts, it is necessary to firmly hold the butt in the shoulder, without changing the position of the elbows, keeping the front sight exactly taken in the slot of the sight under the chosen aiming point. After each turn, quickly restore the correctness of the aimPart two. Techniques and rules for shooting from a pouring machine. When firing from a prone position, it is allowed to rest the machine gun against the ground with the magazine (Fig. 63). "h Stop firing

116. The cessation of shooting may be temporary or complete.

117. For a temporary cessation of firing, the “Stop” command is given, and when firing on the move, “Cease fire” is given.

On these commands, the machine gunner stops pulling the trigger, puts the machine on the fuse and, if necessary, changes the magazine.

118. To change the store you need:

Separate the store from the machine;

Attach an equipped magazine.

If all the cartridges were used up in the magazine, then after attaching the equipped magazine to the machine gun, it is necessary to remove the machine from the fuse, pull the bolt carrier back by the handle to failure, release it and put the machine gun on the safety lock again.

119. For the complete cessation of shooting after the command. "Stop" or "Cease fire" is given the command "Unload". At this command, the submachine gunner puts the machine gun on the fuse, pulls the clamp back and sets the sight to "P", unloads the machine gun, and, in case of a machine gun with a folding butt, also folds the butt.

When firing from a prone position, holding the machine gun with the right hand by the handguard and the receiver Chapter V I I I. Techniques for shooting from a machine gun 113 slip, lowers the butt (rear part of the receiver) "and the ground, and puts the muzzle on the forearm of the left hand (Fig. 64) .

When firing from a trench, the machine gun, after unloading, can be placed on the parapet of the trench with the handle of the bolt carrier down.

–  –  –

120. To unload the machine, it is necessary;

Separate the store; "- remove the machine from the fuse;

Slowly pull the bolt carrier back by the handle, remove the cartridge from the chamber and release the bolt carrier;

Pull the trigger (pull the trigger from the cocking);

Put the machine on the fuse, take it “on the belt” if the shooting was carried out from a standing position, or put it on the ground if the shooting was carried out from a prone or kneeling position;

Remove the cartridges from the magazine and attach it to the machine;

Pick up the cartridge removed from the chamber.

114 Part two. Techniques and rules for firing from a machine gun To remove cartridges from the magazine, you need to take the magazine in your left hand with the neck up, with the support ledge towards you, with your right hand with the help of a cartridge, moving the cartridges one by one away from you, remove them from the magazine (Fig. 65).

121. To fold the butt, you need to hold

–  –  –

live machine gun with the left hand for the forearm and handguard, with the right hand put the shoulder rest parallel to the rods; putting your right hand on the rods at the receiver, with the thumb of this hand, "drown the cap of the latch and, pressing the rods with your palm, fold them down (Fig. 66); shifting the tomato into the right hand, with the left hand attach shoulder rest to forearm.

122. To stand up, you need to pull both hands to chest level, holding the machine

Rice. 67. Execution of the command "Stand up":

a. - the position of the machine gunner before getting up; b - bringing the right (left) leg forward with the right hand behind the forearm and the handguard, at the same time bring both legs together (Fig. 67, a), sharply straightening the arms, raise the chest from the ground and bring the right (left) leg forward (Fig. 67.6), get up quickly and, if necessary, start moving.

116 Part two. Receptions and rules of shooting from a machine gun

–  –  –

threader, move the bolt carrier back and turn the machine slightly to the left (Fig. 68).

After inspection by the commander of the chamber and the store, release the bolt carrier forward, pull the trigger from the cocking (pull the trigger), put the machine on the fuse, attach the store and take the machine to the “on the belt” position.

Shooting techniques from a stop and from behind cover

124. Depending on the height of the stop or shelter, the submachine gunner takes positions for firing: lying down, kneeling or standing.

–  –  –

125. To fire from the stop, put the machine gun with the forearm on the stop and hold it with your left hand by the magazine or forearm, and with your right hand by the pistol grip (Fig. 69). Hard 118 Part two. Receptions and rules of shooting from a machine gun

Rice. 70. Position when shooting from behind cover:

O. - from a standing position; b - from a prone position Chapter VIII. Techniques for firing from a machine gun 119 stop "for softening, cover with turf, a rolled raincoat, a rolled overcoat, etc.

126. To shoot from behind a tree, the corner of a building and other shelters, take a position for shooting, lean against the shelter so that it protects the submachine gunner from fire

–  –  –

enemy; hold the machine gun in the same way as when shooting without cover (Fig. 70). When shooting from behind a small shelter (prone firing trench, hillock, hummock) be located behind the shelter.

127. To shoot from a trench or trench, lean your body against the wall of the trench, rest the elbows of both hands on the ground, and press the butt tightly against your shoulder; in this case, shooting can be carried out both from the stop and from the hand or with the support of the store on the ground (Fig. 71).

120 Part two. Techniques and rules for shooting from a machine gun Techniques for shooting on the move

128. Shooting on the move is carried out from a machine gun offhand or with a butt pressed to the side.

–  –  –

129. Offhand shooting can be carried out from a short stop and without stopping (Fig. 72).

To shoot offhand from a short stop, you need to stop and at the moment, placing your left foot on the ground, simultaneously rest the butt on your shoulder (raise the machine gun);

without adding right leg, aim, fire one or two bursts (shot), lower the machine gun, continue moving.

For offhand shooting without stopping Chapter VIII. Techniques for shooting from a submachine gun 121 toss the submachine gun to the shoulder, point it at the target and, continuing to move, open fire.

130. Shooting with the butt pressed to the side is carried out without stopping. To do this, press the butt to the right side with the right hand without emphasis or with the butt plate resting on the shoulder part of the right hand at the elbow joint (Fig. 73). If the buttstock is folded, press the machine gun to the side with the receiver and pistol grip with the right hand (see Fig. 56); with your left hand, hold the machine by the fore-end. Aim the machine gun at the target and, without stopping movement, open fire.

131. When firing on the move, reload the machine gun without stopping the movement.

Ski shooting techniques

132. Shooting from skis can be carried out from a machine gun from a place (lying, kneeling, standing) and on the move.

133. For prone skiing, take the machine gun in your right hand, sticks in your left. Leaving the heels of the skis in place, spread the toes of the skis to the sides. Leaning on sticks, kneel down. Lie down, put fastened sticks under your elbows (Fig. 74) and hold the machine gun in the same way as when shooting prone without skis.

134. For shooting from kneeling skis, put sticks on the left side, turn the right ski with the toe to the right, lower the right knee on the right ski (Fig. 75) and take the position as for shooting from the knee without skis.

Rice. 73. Position when firing on the move: "with a butt pressed to the side; b - with the butt resting on the shoulder part of the hand Chapter V I I I. Techniques of firing from a machine gun 123

135. For shooting from skis while standing, put sticks on the left side, slightly turn the right ski with the toe to the right (Fig. 76) and Fig. Fig. 74. Prone ski shooting position. 75. Knee-ski shooting position

–  –  –

136. For shooting from skis on the move, put on loops of sticks on the hands; with the right hand, press the butt to the right side without emphasis or with the butt plate in the shoulder part of the right hand at the elbow joint; with your left hand, holding the machine by the fore-end, point it at the target; without stopping movement, open fire (Fig. 78).

Shooting can also be carried out with loops of both sticks fastened together on the right or left hand.

Shooting techniques while moving

137. For firing from a moving armored personnel carrier, a car, and from amphibious crossing vehicles, any convenient positions are used to ensure the stability of the machine gun and the safety of neighbors.

For shooting from an armored personnel carrier and from a car from a place (or from a short stop), the techniques shown in fig. 79 and 80. In this case, the walls of the seats and other structures inside the body of the armored personnel carrier are used as a support for the arms, forearms, sides and legs. Under the fore-end it is necessary to enclose the belt of the machine.

When firing through the loophole, move the barrel of the machine gun forward so that the sight slot is 5-7 cm from the side, and the buildings do not interfere with the movement of the bolt handle.

When taking a position for shooting over the side, you must stand with both feet

Rice. 79. Shooting position from an armored personnel carrier:

a - forward; b - into the loophole, c - over the side board; a - in the loophole

–  –  –

Rice. 80. Position when shooting from a car:

a - forward; b - over the side board; c - back Chapter V I I I. Techniques for firing from a machine gun 129 on the bottom of an armored personnel carrier, slightly bending them at the knees, or with your left knee on the seat (Fig. 79, c), move the muzzle of the machine gun over the side and with your left hand, holding the side, hold top machine.

Shooting techniques for air targets

138. In open areas, shooting from a machine gun at air targets is carried out from prone, kneeling and standing positions (Fig. 81).

For shooting from behind local objects, use, if possible, a local object as a stop and take a shooting position as convenient (standing, half-bent, kneeling).

For firing from an armored personnel carrier, upper loopholes are used or fire is fired over the sides. The submachine gunner assumes the most comfortable position (standing, half-bent, kneeling on the seat), resting his forearm and torso on the structure of the armored vehicle. "

139. Shooting from a trench (course of communication) at air targets to conduct:

With the emphasis of the forearm of the left hand and the store in the front steepness of the trench (the course of the message); hold the machine with your right hand on the pistol grip, and with your left hand on the magazine, press the butt tightly against your shoulder; if the elevation angle is insufficient, then sit down (Fig. 82, a);

With back support and left foot on the steepness of the trench; lift left leg like 130 Part two. Receptions and rules of shooting from a machine gun

–  –  –

it is possible higher and rest her feet on the steepness of the trench, and lean with her back on the opposite steepness of the trench and crouch slightly.

Hold the machine in the same way as when

–  –  –

shooting while standing, but rest the elbow of the left hand on the thigh of the left leg or put it slightly forward behind the knee (Fig. 82.6).

CHAPTER IX

RULES OF SHOOTING FROM AUTOMATIC

General provisions

140. To successfully complete tasks in battle, you must:

Continuously monitor the battlefield;

132-Part two. Techniques and rules for shooting from a machine gun - quickly and correctly prepare data for shooting;

Skillfully fire at various targets in various combat conditions, both day and night; to engage group and the most important single targets, use concentrated sudden fire;

Observe the results of the fire and skillfully correct it;

Monitor the consumption of ammunition in battle and take measures to replenish them in a timely manner.

Battlefield surveillance and target designation

141. Observation is carried out with the aim of timely detection of the location and actions of the enemy. In addition, in battle it is necessary to observe the signals and signs of the commander and the results of his fire.

If there are no special instructions from the commander, the soldiers conduct surveillance in the sector of fire indicated by him to a depth of 1000 m.

142. Observation is carried out with the naked eye. When observing, special attention should be paid to hidden approaches. The terrain is viewed from right to left from near objects to distant ones. Inspection should be carried out "carefully, since insignificant unmasking signs contribute to the detection of the enemy; such signs may be:

glitter, noise, swaying of branches of trees and bushes, the appearance of new small objects, change CHAPTER IX. Rules for firing from a machine gun 133 in the position and shape of local objects, etc.

If you have binoculars, use it only for a more thorough study of individual objects or areas of the terrain;

at the same time, take measures to ensure that the brilliance of binoculars does not reveal their location.

At night, enemy locations and actions can be determined from sounds and light sources. If the area is illuminated in the desired direction by a rocket or other source of illumination, quickly inspect the illuminated area.

143. Targets seen on the battlefield must be immediately reported to the commander and their location correctly indicated. The target is indicated by a verbal report or tracer bullets.

The report should be short, clear and to the point Straight - wide bush, nym, for example:

on the left - a machine gun "; "Landmark two, two fingers to the right, under the bush - the observer."

When targeting with tracer bullets, fire one or two short bursts in the direction of the target.

Target selection

144. For machine guns, the most characteristic are live targets - crews of machine guns and guns, groups of shooters or individual figures firing from various positions, as well as manpower on cars, 134 Part two. Techniques and rules for firing from a machine gun on motorcycles, etc. In addition, fire from machine guns is also fired at air targets. Goals.

on the battlefield can be stationary, Appearing on a short time and moving.

145. A submachine gunner fires in combat, as a rule, as part of a squad or platoon, destroying the targets indicated to him by the commander.

Therefore, he must listen carefully and accurately follow all commands.

146. If a submachine gunner is not given a target to defeat in battle, he chooses it himself.

First of all, it is necessary to hit the most dangerous and important targets, for example, crews of machine guns and guns, enemy commanders and observers. Of two targets of equal importance, choose the closest and most vulnerable for firing. When a new, more important target appears during firing, immediately transfer fire to it.

Choice of scope and aiming point

147. To select a sight and aiming point, it is necessary / to determine the distance to the target and take into account external conditions that may affect the range and direction of the bullet. The sight and aiming point are chosen in such a way that when firing, the average trajectory passes in the middle of the target.

When firing at distances up to 300 m, fire should be fired, as a rule, with a sight 3 or "P", aiming at the lower edge of the target or Chapter IX. Rules for shooting from a 135" machine gun in the middle if the target is high (running figures, etc.).

When shooting at distances exceeding 300 m, the sight is set according to the distance to the target, rounded up to whole hundreds of meters. As a rule, the middle of the target is taken as the aiming point.

If the conditions of the situation do not allow changing the setting of the sight depending on the distance to the target, then within the range of a direct shot, fire should be carried out with a sight corresponding to the range of a direct shot, aiming at the lower edge of the target.

148. The distance to the targets is determined by the eye. In this case, the distance to targets and local objects is determined by segments of the terrain that are well imprinted in visual memory, according to the degree of visibility and apparent size of targets (objects), as well as by combining both methods.

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INSTRUCTION

SHOOTING BUSINESS

7.62 mm KALASHNIKOV AUTOMATIC (AK)

MILITARY PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE MILITARY MINISTRY OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

Moscow - 1951

Under the supervision of the Colonel Rylova B.P.

and editor lieutenant colonel Gulevich I. D.

Technical editor Solomonik R. L.

Corrector Ilyina E. M.

PART ONE

AUTOMATIC DEVICE, HANDLING, CARE AND SAVING

GENERAL INFORMATION

The purpose and combat properties of the machine

1 . 7.62 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK) - powerful automatic weapon arrow Soviet army. It is designed to destroy the manpower of the enemy by fire.

Shooting from a machine gun is carried out with cartridges mod. 1943 automatic fire (bursts) and single shots. The main type of shooting is automatic fire.

The most effective fire from a machine gun at a distance: when firing bursts - up to 300 m, single shots - up to 400 m. Concentrated fire from machine guns is up to 800 m, and at aircraft and paratroopers up to 400 m.

2 . The rate of fire is 600 rounds per minute. Combat rate of fire:

when firing bursts - 90-100 rounds per minute;

when firing single shots - up to 40 rounds per minute.

The weight of the machine with a magazine equipped with 30 rounds, 4.8 kg.

Sighting range 800 m.

The range of a direct shot at a chest target is 350 m.

The concept of the device and the operation of parts of the machine

3 . Automatic (Fig. 1) - an automatic weapon. The operation of automation is based on the principle of using powder gases vented through a hole in the barrel wall. Ammunition is supplied from the magazine.

Rice. 1. General view of the 7.62-mm Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK)

4 . The machine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 2): barrel, receiver, butt, bolt carrier, bolt, return spring, trigger mechanism, gas tube with handguard, forearm, receiver cover and magazine. In addition, each machine has an accessory.

Machine guns are available with a wooden butt - for arming rifle units and with a folding metal butt - for arming special types of troops. 5 . Cartridge arr. 1943 (Fig. 3) consists of a cartridge case, a primer, a powder charge and a bullet.

6 . The essence of the operation of automation during firing is as follows. When fired in the barrel, as a result of the combustion of the powder charge, powder gases are formed, which press with great force in all directions. The pressure of the powder gases pushes the bullet out of the bore. When the bullet passes the gas hole, part of the powder gases rush through this hole into the gas chamber, presses on the gas piston and throws the bolt carrier together with the rear position.

Under the action of the bolt frame, the return spring is compressed, the bolt opens the bore and ejects the sleeve. Stepping back, the bolt carrier cocks the trigger. Under the action of the return spring, the bolt carrier with the bolt returns forward, the bolt sends the next cartridge from the magazine into the chamber and locks the bore.

If the translator is set to automatic fire, then when the trigger is pulled, automatic firing will continue as long as the trigger remains pressed and there are cartridges in the magazine. If the interpreter is set to single fire, then only one shot will fire when the trigger is pulled; to fire the next shot, release the trigger and pull it again.

DISASSEMBLY, ASSEMBLY, CLEANING AND LUBRICATION OF THE MACHINE

Disassembly and assembly

7 . The machine is disassembled for cleaning, lubrication and inspection, as well as for the replacement or repair of defective parts.

Excessively frequent disassembly is harmful, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms of the machine.

Disassembly and assembly should be carried out on the table, and in the field - on a clean bedding.

Put the parts and mechanisms in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, do not use excessive force and sharp blows.

8 . Training in disassembly and assembly on combat machines is permissible only in exceptional cases and with special care in handling.

Disassembly of the machine can be incomplete and complete. Incomplete disassembly is carried out during cleaning after firing, classes, exercises and attire, during lubrication and inspection.

Complete disassembly during cleaning is carried out if the weapon is very dirty or has been in the rain (in water, in snow), when switching to a new lubricant and to replace faulty parts.

9. The order of incomplete disassembly of the machine:

1) Separate the magazine from the machine(Fig. 4). Holding the machine with your left hand by the forearm, grab the magazine with your right hand and, pressing the magazine latch with your thumb, simultaneously move the lower part of the magazine forward and separate it. After that, it is necessary to check if there is a cartridge in the chamber, for which, with the thumb of the right hand, lower the fuse translator down and pull the bolt frame back.

2)Take out the pencil case and prepare the accessory. Drown the socket cover in the butt plate of the butt with your finger so that the pencil case comes out of the socket under the action of the spring. Remove the muzzle pad and remove the accessory from the case.

3)Separate cleaning rod(Fig. 5), for which purpose lift its front end over the ramrod stop and push it forward. When separating the ramrod, you can use a punch.

4)Separate the receiver cover(Fig. 6). Grasp the butt neck with your right hand, press the heel of the return spring guide tube with the thumb of this hand and lift the cover with your left hand.

5)Separate return spring(Fig. 7). Holding the machine by the handle with your left hand, move the return spring guide tube forward with your right hand until the heel comes out of the grooves, lift it and remove the spring with the guide tube and guide rod from the bolt frame channel.

6) Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt from the steel box(Figure 8). Holding the machine gun by the handle with your left hand, with your right hand pull the bolt carrier back to failure and, having fed it 1-2 mm forward, lift the bolt carrier with the bolt and pull them back.

7) Separate the shutter from the frame(Fig. 9). Take the bolt carrier with the bolt in your left hand with the tide up. Press the finger of your right hand on the front of the shutter and pull it back. Rotate the bolt so that its leading protrusion comes out of the figured groove of the bolt carrier, and bring the bolt forward.

8) Separate the gas tube with the handguard (Fig. 10). Holding the machine with your left hand, turn the gas pipe contactor with your right hand to a vertical position. Lift the rear end of the tube up and remove it from the gas chamber.

10. The order of assembly of the machine after incomplete disassembly:

1) Attach the gas tube to the handguard(Fig. 11). Slide the gas tube with its front end onto the gas chamber. With the palm of your hand, press the rear end of the barrel lining and lower it down to failure. Turn the gas tube lock towards you and down until its lock enters the slot on the base of the sight.

2)Attach the shutter to the frame. Take the bolt carrier in your left hand with the tide up. With your right hand, insert the shutter with a cylindrical part into the frame channel. Turn the shutter so that its leading ledge enters the figured groove on the frame. Move the shutter forward.

3)Attach the bolt carrier with the bolt to the receiver(Fig. 12). Take the bolt carrier in your right hand and, holding the bolt in the forward position with your thumb, insert the gas piston through the bore of the sight base into the gas tube. Insert the frame into the receiver. Aligning the protrusions on the frame, forming grooves, with the corresponding cutouts in the guide shelves of the receiver without distortion, with some effort, lower the back of the frame so that it lies on the left and right guide shelves of the box. After that, move the bolt carrier forward.

4)Attach return spring. With your right hand, insert the return spring into the channel of the bolt carrier. Squeezing the return spring, move the guide tube forward and, lowering it slightly down, insert its heel into the grooves of the receiver.

5)Attach receiver cover(Fig. 13). Rest the cover with the front upper part in the cutout on the base of the sight. Press the lid with the palm of your right hand forward and downwards so that the heel of the guide tube comes out into the lid window and locks it.

6)Pull the trigger from the cocking, put on the safety, why pull the trigger and raise the translator up to failure.

7) Attach a cleaning rod.

8)Put the pencil case in the butt socket(Fig. 14). Put the accessory in the pencil case. Close the case with a muzzle pad. Drown the cover of the butt socket with a pencil case and insert the pencil case into the socket so that the cover closes the socket.

9) Connect the store to the machine(Fig. 15). Holding the machine with your left hand by the forearm, turn the machine so that the bolt handle is on top; with your right hand, enter the upper front part of the store as deep as possible into the receiver window; turn the magazine all the way towards you until you hear a click, indicating that the magazine latch has jumped over the magazine stop lug.

1.1. Full disassembly procedure:

1) Perform a complete disassembly, guided by Art. 9.

2) Separate the return spring from the guide tube and guide rod(Fig. 16). Take the return spring in your left hand. Place the tube vertically (heel down) on the table and compress the return spring so that it releases the washer. Remove the puck with your right hand. Remove the return spring from the tube. Remove the guide rod from the guide tube.

3)Dismantle the store(Fig. 17). Take the magazine (cover up, edge first) in your left hand, with your right hand, use a punch to drown the protrusion of the locking plate into the hole on the cover, and push the cover slightly forward with the thumb of your left hand. Remove the punch. With your right hand, remove the cover from the bends of the case and remove it from the magazine, holding the lock plate with your left thumb. Gradually releasing the spring, remove it together with the locking plate and feeder from the magazine housing. Separate the retaining plate and feeder from the spring.

4) Disassemble the shutter. Push out the pin holding the drummer and the ejector axis with a punch (Fig. 18), and remove the drummer from the shutter channel. Having pushed out the ejector axis with a punch (Fig. 19), remove the ejector with the spring from the bolt seat.

5) Separate the handguard. Take the machine with your left hand by the forearm, with the right hand, using a drift, turn the contactor of the forearm thrust ring half a turn forward (Fig. 20). With your thumbs, press the thrust ring, move it to the gas chamber until the forearm exits the grooves of the thrust ring (Fig. 21). Move the forearm forward and separate it from the barrel.

2)Assemble shutter. Insert the ejector with the spring into the seat of the shutter. Pressing the ejector with the thumb of the left hand, insert the ejector axle with the right hand into the hole under the leading ledge of the bolt so that the notch on the axle faces the cylindrical part of the bolt (Fig. 22). Take the shutter with the leading ledge up, the rammer towards you. Insert the striker into the bolt channel, while the notch on the striker should be on top so that it can coincide with the hole for the pin in the bolt (Fig. 23). From the side of the rammer, insert a punch into the bolt hole to fix the position of the drummer in the bolt. (If the punch does not go through the entire hole, look into the hole, drown the striker with your left hand, and turn the drummer with your right hand so that its cutout coincides with the hole). From the side of the leading protrusion, insert the pin into the bolt hole and push it to the end (Fig. 24).

3)Assemble shop. Insert the feeder with the spring into the magazine housing. Press locking plate into housing. Holding it in this position, put the cover on the body so that its bends enter the bends of the cover, and the protrusion of the locking plate jumps into the cover window (a click should be heard).

4)Attach the return spring to the guide tube and guide rod. Insert the guide rod (side cuts forward) into the guide tube (heel side) and push it forward until it stops. Insert a ramrod into the channel of the guide tube and place it vertically on the table (stop). Put a return spring on the guide rod and guide tube, compress it and slide the washer (with an annular ledge towards the spring) onto the side cutouts of the guide rod (Fig. 25). Remove the cleaning rod from the guide tube.

Regarding the order of further assembly, be guided by Art. ten.

Cleaning and lubrication

13 . The machine must always be kept in order and clean. This is achieved by timely and proper inspection, cleaning and lubrication.

i>14. To clean the machine:

a) In a combat situation, during maneuvers and long-term exercises in the field - daily, taking advantage of the calm of the battle or during breaks between classes.

b) Immediately after the exercises, outfits and exercises in the field without shooting.

c) After firing with live or blank cartridges - immediately (at the shooting range, in the shooting range, in the field) clean the bore, gas chamber, gas tube, bolt carrier and bolt with an alkaline composition, then wipe dry and lubricate. Upon returning from shooting or training, perform a complete cleaning of the machine. Repeat cleaning for the next 3-4 days.

d) If the machine is standing idle - at least once every 7 days.

15. Lubrication Apply only to a well-cleaned and dry metal surface immediately after cleaning to prevent moisture from affecting the metal.

16 . Cleaning and lubrication of the machine gun is carried out by a soldier under the direct supervision of the squad leader, who is obliged:

a) determine the extent of disassembly, cleaning and lubrication required;

b) check the serviceability of accessories and the quality of cleaning and lubricants;

c) check the quality of cleaning and give permission to lubricate the machine;

d) check the quality of the lubricant.

17 . Officers are required to periodically be present during the cleaning of weapons and check the correctness of its implementation.

18 . When units are located in barracks or camps, clean the machine in specially designated places on tables equipped or adapted for this purpose, and in a combat or marching situation - on clean bedding, boards, plywood, etc.

19 . To wipe, clean and lubricate the machine, use:

a) Alkaline composition - for cleaning the powder deposits of the barrel bore and other parts of the machine that have been exposed to powder gases.

b) Gun grease - for lubricating the metal parts of the machine after cleaning them. This lubricant ensures the operation of parts of the machine at temperatures up to -5 ° C.

c) Winter grease No. 21 - for lubricating machine parts at low temperatures. This lubricant ensures the operation of the machine mechanisms at temperatures up to -40 ° C. At more than low temperatures 10 to 20% of kerosene must be mixed with it.

d) Cannon grease - for lubricating the machine when putting it in for long-term storage.

e) Good quality kerosene, previously passed through a filter with calcined common salt, to wash off old lubrication from parts of the machine (after storage or before applying winter grease), to soften old rust and to facilitate cleaning, as well as to dilute winter grease No. 21. Kerosene is allowed to be used only in the weapons workshop. After using kerosene, carefully wipe the parts of the machine dry and lubricate.

f) Clean cotton rags or cotton ends - for wiping, cleaning and lubricating, as well as linen tow, cleaned of fire, - for cleaning the bore.

20 . Clean the machine in the following order:

1) Prepare cleaning supplies and lubricants.

2) Disassemble the machine.

3)Inspect the accessory, as indicated in Art. 71.

4) Clean bore. Pass the ramrod through the large and small holes in the pencil case. Fix the ramrod in the case, for which put a screwdriver with a punch on top of the ramrod head. Put the muzzle pad on the ramrod and screw on the wipe. Put the machine in the cutouts of the table for cleaning, and in the absence of a table, rest the butt on the floor, on the ground. Fold the tow in the form of the number 8 and put the crosshairs of the "eight" on the end of the wipe, lay the fibers of the tow along the wipe rod. The ends of the tow should be shorter than the rubbing rod. The thickness of the tow layer should be such that the rubbing with the tow is introduced into the barrel bore under a slight hand effort. Soak the tow with an alkaline compound.

Insert the ramrod into the bore and advance it to the length of the wipe. Attach the muzzle pad to the barrel. Grasp the muzzle of the barrel with one hand and the pencil case with the other and smoothly move the ramrod along the entire length of the bore several times. Change the tow and repeat the cleaning again. Remove the muzzle pad and clean the muzzle of the bore to the depth of wiping. Thoroughly wipe the ramrod and wipe. Wipe the barrel bore dry with tow, and then with a clean and dry rag. Examine the rag. If traces of soot (blackness) or rust (yellowness) are visible on the rags, wipe the bore again with tow soaked in an alkaline composition, and then with dry tow and rags. Repeat the cleaning of the bore until the rag removed from the bore is clean.

In the same way, clean the chamber from the side of the receiver.

5)Clean out the gas chamber. Cleaning should be done with a wiping and a ramrod or a wooden stick with a rag soaked in an alkaline composition, then wipe dry.

6) Clean the gas hole. Cleaning is carried out using a drift from the carabiner accessory or copper wire.

7) Wipe dry the wiping, ramrod and muzzle pad. Put a clean rag on the wipe, wipe the bore and chamber dry. Carefully inspect the bore of the barrel to the light from the muzzle and breech, turning the machine in your hands. Pay special attention to the corners of the grooves, in which there should be no dirt or soot.

Note. If during cleaning the wipe gets stuck in the bore, inject heated grease into the bore and pull out the cleaning rod after a few minutes. If the wipe is not removed, send the machine gun to the gun shop.

8) Clean the barrel (outside), sight, receiver, trigger, pistol grip and stock. Wipe the metal parts dry with a rag until the dirt is completely removed. Remove rust with tow or rags soaked in an alkaline composition; after this place, smeared with alkali, wipe dry.

The most serious attention must be paid to cleaning the trigger mechanism. Wipe wooden parts with dry rags or tow. Clean cutouts, grooves and holes in them with wooden sticks.

9) Clean the forearm, gas tube with handguard, bolt carrier, bolt, recoil spring with guide tube and guide rod, receiver cover and magazines.

If the machine is cleaned after firing, then clean the gas tube, bolt carrier and bolt with tow or rags soaked in an alkaline composition until carbon deposits are completely removed. Wipe these parts dry after cleaning. If the shooting from the machine gun has not been carried out for 3-4 days and there is no soot and rust on the indicated parts, wipe the parts with a dry rag. When cleaning channels, grooves and holes, use a ramrod and wooden sticks.

After classes without shooting, clean the shutter in assembled form, after shooting - in disassembled form. Wipe the rest of the metal parts dry with a rag until the dirt is completely removed. Wipe wooden parts with dry rags or tow.

10) Wipe the accessory dry.

11) The submachine gunner reports to the squad leader about the end of the purge. After checking the quality of cleaning and serviceability of parts of the machine, the squad leader allows the machine gunner to lubricate.

21 . Lubricate the machine in the following order:

1)Lubricate the bore. Screw a brush onto the ramrod. Soak the brush with grease (pour a little grease from the oil can onto the brush). Insert the brush into the bore from the muzzle and gently move it 2-3 times along the entire length of the bore to evenly cover the rifling and the margins of the bore with a thin layer of lubricant. Lubricate the chamber from the breech breech.

If the brush malfunctions, it is allowed to lubricate the barrel bore with a clean rag. Soak a rag with grease and apply it to the muzzle of the barrel. With a light pressure on the ramrod, insert a rag into the bore by wiping and advance it 2-3 times along the entire length of the bore. Lubricate the chamber from the breech breech.

2)Lubricate the channels of the gas chamber, gas tube and bolt carrier using a brush or rag soaked in grease.

3)Lubricate other metal parts. Lubricate outer surfaces with oiled rags. To lubricate holes and crevices, oiled rags (tow) pass through; lubricate recesses, grooves and nests with oiled rags or tow wound on a wooden stick.

Excessive lubrication contributes to contamination and may cause machine failure. Apply the lubricant in a thin, even layer.

Do not lubricate the wooden parts, but only wipe dry.

4)Wipe dry and lubricate accessory.

5) After lubrication, assemble the machine, inspect it and check the operation of the parts. Submit the assault rifle to the squad leader for inspection.

22 . Lubricate parts of the machine in winter only with winter grease No. 21. Switch to winter grease should be with the onset of frost. When switching to winter lubrication, carefully remove gun grease. At the same time, especially carefully remove gun grease from under the self-timer lever, from the trigger springs and magazine parts. If the gun grease is not completely removed, then the machine will not work in the cold.

Apply winter grease to parts of the machine with an even layer of oiled rags.

23 . The machine, brought from frost into a warm room, wipe dry and lubricate after 10-15 minutes.

24 . Lubricate machine guns for long-term storage with plenty of gun grease or a mixture of 50% gun grease and 50% gun grease.

Guidance on shooting business Red Army. Rifle platoon weapon. 1936.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm Dragunov sniper rifle. 1967.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm Dragunov sniper rifle. 1976.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm Dragunov sniper rifle. 1984.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62-mm machine gun (submachine gun) designed by Sudayev. 1955.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm automatic (submachine gun) mod. 1941 designs by Shpagin. 1946.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm automatic (submachine gun) mod. 1941 designs by Shpagin. 1955.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle. 1958.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle. 1967.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm AKM and AKMS. 1970.pdf
Shooting instruction. 7.62mm modernized machine Kalashnikov. 1983.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm Kalashnikov machine gun. 1971.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm company machine gun mod. 1946. 1984.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62mm light machine gun Kalashnikov. 1983.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm self-loading rifle mod. 1940 1940.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62mm Simonov self-loading carbine. 1954.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62mm Simonov self-loading carbine. 1984.djvu
Shooting instruction. 7.62mm sniper rifle Dragunov. 1984.djvu
Shooting instruction. 9mm Stechkin pistol. 1957.djvu
Shooting instruction. 9mm Stechkin pistol. 1968.djvu
Shooting instruction. 9mm Stechkin pistol. 1978.djvu
Shooting instruction. 9mm PM. 1967.doc
Shooting instruction. 14.5 mm Vladimirov heavy machine gun. 1984.djvu
Shooting instruction. 14.5 mm infantry machine gun PKP.Djvu
Shooting instruction. 82mm mounted grenade launcher. 1971.djvu
Shooting instruction. Rifle arr. 1891.30 1941.djvu
Shooting instruction. Rifle arr. 1891.30 and carbines arr. 1938 and arr. 1944 1954.djvu
Shooting instruction. Gun shooting basics. 1970.djvu
Shooting instruction. Gun shooting basics. Ministry of Defense of the USSR. Military publishing house. 1956 djvu
Shooting instruction. Submachine gun system Degtyarev PPD. 1938.pdf
Shooting instruction. PPSh-41.pdf
Shooting instruction. PTRD, PTRS. 1942.djvu
Shooting instruction. PTRD, PTRS. 1944.djvu
Shooting instruction. Revolver arr. 1895 and pistol mod. 1930. 1940.djvu
Shooting instruction. Revolver arr. 1895 and pistol mod. 1930. 1975.djvu
Shooting instruction. RPG-7 and RPG-7D hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher. 1983.djvu
Shooting instruction. Hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher RPG-7, RPG-7D. 1972.doc
Shooting instruction. hand grenades.djvu
Shooting instruction. Hand grenades. 1939.djvu
Shooting instruction. Hand grenades. 1987.djvu
Shooting instruction. easel machine gun Goryunov system arr. 1943. 1950.djvu
Shooting instruction. Machine gun of the Maxim system arr. 1910.pdf
Shooting instruction. 7.62 mm sniper rifle mod. 1891. 1954.djvu
Shooting instructions. 7.62 mm AK and AKS, AKM and AKMS, RPK and RPKS. Addition. 1976.djvu
Shooting instructions. Extracts of Osnova, AKM, PPSh, SKS, Mosin, RPD, DP, TOZ-8, grenades. 1973.djvu
Shooting instructions. Extracts of Osnova, AKM, RPK, PK, PM, grenades. 1985.djvu
Shooting instructions. Fundamentals of small arms shooting AKM, RPK, PK, PM, grenades. 1987.djvu

The name of the instruction on the basics of shooting from small arms, the device, use and maintenance of specific samples of it, published by the Ministry of Defense. Manuals are an official document for training personnel in handling weapons. In addition to the actual small arms, the “Instructions on Small Arms” were published on hand and easel grenade launchers and hand grenades, that is, samples not related to small arms.

Encyclopedic YouTube

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Training in high-speed shooting from a machine gun at a moving AK target.

Alexander Petrov - a unique shooting technique.

PM - history of creation

Subtitles

Typical Structure of the Manual

Instructions are published for each model of weapons in the form of a separate book and in the form of collections of several samples. The instructions, published in the form of collections, include general section, which outlines the basics of internal and external ballistics and others general information necessary for fire training. Collections, as a rule, are intended for non-military training.

A small arms manual for a specific type of small arms usually includes the following parts and chapters (the sequence and titles may vary):

• Arrangement of a weapon sample, handling, care and conservation
  • General information
  • Disassembly and assembly
  • Purpose and arrangement of parts and mechanisms, accessories and ammunition
  • Work of parts and mechanisms
  • Delays in shooting and how to eliminate them
  • Weapon care, storage and conservation
  • Inspection and preparation for shooting
  • Bringing to a normal fight
• Techniques and rules of shooting
• Applications ( specifications weapons and ammunition, ballistic tables, ammunition consumption rates for hitting targets in various conditions, etc.)

Some NSD

• Shooting instruction. Gun shooting basics. - M., Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1970
• Shooting instructions. 4th edition, revised. - M., Military publishing house, 1987
• Manual on shooting (NSD-38). Self-loading rifle arr. 1940 - M., Military publishing house of the NPO of the USSR, 1940
• Shooting instruction. Hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher (RPG-7 and RPG-7D). Edition 2, supplemented. - M., Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1971
• Shooting instruction. Hand grenades. - M., Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1987