Map of eastern mongolia road in russian general staff. Satellite map of mongolia
MONGOLIA
(Mongolian Republic)
Geographical position. Mongolia is a state in Central Asia. In the north it borders with Russia, in the east, south and west - with China.
Square. The territory of Mongolia occupies 1,566,000 square meters. km.
main cities, Administrative division. The capital is Ulaanbaatar. Largest cities: Ulaanbaatar (600 thousand people), Darkhan (90 thousand people), Erdenet (58 thousand people). Administrative-territorial division of the country: 18 aimags; the cities of Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan and Erdenet are separated into special administrative units.
Political system
Mongolia-republic. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. supreme body state power - the State Great Khural.
Relief. Mongolia is located in the zones of deserts, semi-deserts and steppes. Most of the country lies at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. The highest point is a mountain Munkh-Khairkhan-Ula (4362 m). A part of the Gobi desert enters the territory of Mongolia. The most significant river, the Selenga (600 km across the territory of Mongolia), belongs to the basin of the Arctic Ocean.
Geological structure and minerals. The bowels of the country contain reserves of oil, coal, copper, iron ores, tungsten, molybdenum, phosphorites, tin, nickel, gold.
Climate. The climate of Mongolia is continental. The temperature in winter is from -15°С to 30°С, in summer - from + 10°С to +27°С. Precipitation is 100-200 mm (up to 500 mm in the mountains) per year.
Inland waters. The main rivers are Selenga, Kerulen, Kobdo, Dzabkhan, Orkhon. Large lakes - Ubsu-Nur, Khubsugul.
Soils and vegetation. Steppes predominate; in the south - semi-deserts and deserts, in the mountains in places forest-steppe and coniferous forests. Big Gobi Nature Reserve.
Animal world. In Mongolia there are groundhog, jerboa, hamster, hare, wolf, fox, wild boar, lynx, kulan, goitered gazelle.
Population and language
The population of Mongolia is about 2.579 million people, the average population density is 1.6 people per 1 sq. km. km. Ethnic groups: Khalkha-Mongols and Buryat-Mongols - 90%, Kazakhs. Language: Mongolian (state).
Religion
Traditionally, the Mongols were adherents of Lamaist Buddhism, but now it is believed that most of the population are atheists.
Brief historical outline
Mongolia is one of the oldest state entities in the world. Mongolia reached its peak of power in the 13th century, when Genghis Khan and his descendants conquered China and influenced all countries to the borders of Poland and Hungary. However, after a few centuries, Mongolia became a province of China called Outer Mongolia. In 1924, Mongolia declared independence and became known as the Mongolian People's Republic, in 1991 the name and type of government were changed.
Brief economic essay
Mongolia is an agro-industrial country. AT agriculture animal husbandry predominates (cattle, horses, sheep, goats, camels; yaks are bred in the mountains, pigs and poultry are bred in the suburbs. Fur farms. Grains, fodder crops, potatoes and vegetables are cultivated. Coal, copper, molybdenum, tin, uranium mining , fluorite Processing of livestock products Woolen, leather and footwear, sheepskin and fur coats, carpet, meat and dairy, flour-grinding, glass-ceramic, metalworking and woodworking enterprises Production of building materials Export: mining industry products, beef cattle, meat products, leather, leather goods, wool.
The monetary unit is the tugrik.
A Brief Outline of Culture
Art and architecture. Among the sights of Mongolia: Central State Museum; Museum fine arts; Museum of Religion, located in the former monastery of the Living Buddha, the residence of the country's spiritual leader until 1924. In the Gobi Desert there is also a large number of paleontological excavations - about a third known to science dinosaurs were found in Mongolia.
Satellite map of Mongolia. Explore the satellite map of Mongolia online in real time. detailed map Mongolia was created on the basis of high-resolution satellite images. As close as possible, the satellite map of Mongolia allows you to explore in detail the streets, individual houses and sights of Mongolia. The map of Mongolia from the satellite easily switches to the regular map mode (scheme).
Mongolia is a country of ancient traditions. Everyone knows about the famous world tourist centers where you can go skiing, swim in the warm sea or ocean, visit ancient temples and museums. But only few people know that there are countries on our planet that do not have ski resorts, warm and white beaches, but thick and green Forest- it's a luxury. One of these mysterious and unique places is Mongolia.
After studying the world map and viewing the territory of Mongolia on it, almost no associations arise. This country in the world modern community has not distinguished itself in any way, except for a small “but”. Everyone knows that a long time ago there were Mongol-Tatars who conquered many countries and created their own original culture, cities made of gold. Everyone knows the great commanders - Genghis Khan, Batu Khan. Yes, the descendants of these Mongols currently live in this country, the local population is reluctant to use modern achievements in science and technology, as they still lead a nomadic lifestyle, driving their herds across the wide steppes.
Any person will have a question: what to do in this country? The answer will be this: despite the unacceptability of many Mongols living according to the traditions of their ancient ancestors, modern technology and other scientific and technical discoveries, these people are very friendly, they will never offend a guest. There is something to see in this country: wide steppes, small mountain streams and lakes. wildlife very well preserved in Mongolia. If a tourist is going to travel by car, then it is immediately necessary to recommend a good truck or off-road vehicle. The lack of roads in Mongolia is not the poverty of the country, but a tradition, since a horse and a camel are the best transport for a Mongolian.
The country is very rich in various burial mounds. The local population says that the mounds are in bad places and warn of danger. Of course, it is better to travel with a guide who will show you all the interesting places in the country and give you a good tour.
Holidays in this country will be more like a safari through the steppe and mountain ranges, but it's worth it if the tourist wants to breathe fresh air, look at nature untouched by man, and get acquainted with the traditions of the local population. In this country, even tea is specific, as milk, flour and salt are added to it, so it is salty. Who is tired of lying under scorching sun, welcome to the Mongolian steppe, where you can turn into a nomad for a couple of weeks and get a lot of unusual pleasures.
State in East Asia, Mongolia borders on and . This is one of the most sparsely populated countries - at 1,566 thousand square meters. km is home to only 2 million people. Almost the entire territory of the country is located on a plateau elevated by 90–1,500 m, above which mountains rise. The highest mountain range is Mongolian China, stretching for 900 km from west to south. It is continued by the Gobi Altai, which does not form ridges. Several mountain ranges are located on the border with Siberia, but they do not add up to arrays. The eastern mountain range is Khentei, the central one is Khangai.
Towards the border with China, the Mongolian plateau drops and turns into a plain, flat in the east and hilly in the south. The Gobi Desert occupies almost the entire southern part Mongolia and continues in China. In the landscapes of the Gobi, sands alternate with rocky areas and hills. The Mongols divide the desert according to color and call its sections the Yellow, Red and Black Gobi. There are no rivers and few surface sources on these lands, but groundwater comes close to the surface.
All Mongolian rivers originate in the mountains, the largest of them are Selenga, Kerulen, Onon. Selenga is full-flowing and different fast current, her muddy waters always cold, and the shores are clay-sandy. second origin fresh water- lakes, which are very numerous on the territory of Mongolia. Lake Khuvsgul is the deepest in Central Asia, wild animals live on its shores, there are a lot of fish in the water.
