The main sights of Khakassia are its unique nature and preserved historical monuments, of which there are many.

In addition, mountain and extreme tourism, including water tourism, is actively developing here.

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Historical sights of Khakassia

The Chebaki Fortress is a building that has come down to us from the Bronze Age (second millennium BC). In total, about 45 such historical fortresses have been preserved, but only 3 of them have been studied the most, one of them is Chebaki.

Scientists and researchers became interested in similar structures in this region as early as the 19th century, but full-scale archaeological excavations only started in the 90s. Thanks to them, a cultural layer was revealed, in which scientists discovered numerous remains of the life of people of that time. Most of all, fragments of ceramics of the Okunev culture were found. Despite careful study, it was not possible to determine the exact purpose of the construction and use of such a structure. Among the assumptions: a fortress, a refuge, a hunting settlement in the season, etc.

The Oglakhtinsky mountain range is a whole complex of historical and cultural heritage monuments, among which the Oglakhtinsky fortress of the same name is very famous.

In ancient times, in the VI-XII centuries, there was a state here, the population of which was about 2 million inhabitants. A little later, closer to the 9th century, it was divided into separate principalities, which began to quarrel. Therefore, the purpose of the fortress is known for sure - defensive.

This is a stone wall, which is lined with sandstone. It is 2 meters wide and 1 meter high. Stretching for 25 kilometers along a steep cliff, it is equipped with moats and bastions.

Note: The period of construction of the Oglakhta fortress is considered to be the 10th century, but they began to use it only in the 11th - 12th centuries.

Now it does not look as impressive as before, as can be seen from the photographs, because over time part of the wall has settled into the ground and overgrown with grass. But it should be borne in mind that this is only a small part of the defensive complex in these mountains.

By the same time of internecine wars, the time of the construction of another Tarpig fortress, which is located on the mountain of the same name, is also attributed.

It is a massive building, consisting of as many as three lines of walls necessary for defense.

Mount Chalpan, which rises almost 600 meters, is crowned with a similar structure.

In addition to the defensive structure located on the top, 5 petroglyphs were found here, which appeared here about 4000 years ago.

The Safronov burial ground is known primarily for its age - about 2.5 thousand years. On a relatively small area there are dozens of burial mounds, which are fenced with stones with drawings.

The nobility and wealth of the deceased determine the size of his grave and the boulders around, the largest of which reach 7 meters.

The famous Valley of the Kings in Khakassia boasts a large number of burials, which includes as many as 56 burial mounds.

The largest of them is the Big Salbyk mound, erected in the 7th century BC.

All of them are located on an area of ​​about 5 square kilometers in the Salbyk valley.

It is called the Valley of the Kings because the leaders are buried here. All these graves are combined into one museum complex.

Churches and cathedrals of Khakassia

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral is the second largest after the main Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Russia. Its construction lasted almost 11 years and was completed only in 2005.

The idea of ​​its construction was reconciliation in memory of the soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War in these places.

The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was founded in 1859, but the wooden building was rebuilt in 1862-1864. Then he represented a small room in the form of a quadrangle, covered with a dome. Like most churches, during the years of Soviet power, in 1930, it was closed. But because of the war, in which there was a certain easing of persecution of the church, in 1944, the temple was reopened, and it still works.

Until late Soviet period, it was the only working Orthodox center in Abakan. In 1980, the building was completed entirely in stone, without changing the building itself and appearance. His address: Abakan, st. Bridge, 9.

The modern church can be found in Chernogorsk, at the address. Lenina 10A, where the Church of the Nativity is located Holy Mother of God. At this place, the inhabitants of the town independently founded a prayer house in a private house, and some time later, in 1992, they built a whole temple.

Monuments and statues of Khakassia

Abakan is considered the historical and cultural center of Khakassia. Here, monuments and sculptures begin to meet already at the entrance to the city. For example, the stele "Laura", which is depicted as a Khakass woman.

She holds a bowl on her raised hands, which symbolizes the hospitality and generosity of the Khakass people.

Interesting is the sculpture called "Granite of Science", located on the territory of the Khakass Technical University in Abakan. It is made of black granite in the form of a cube, on which various mathematical formulas are applied.

A small part of the cube is missing, which gives hope to teachers that students are still trying to "nibble on the granite of science."

The recently erected monument to Peter and Fevronia in Abakan symbolizes the solemn beginning of marital relations, since it is located near the place where the newlyweds close the locks and throw away the keys.

Among other monuments and sculptures that attract tourists are the monument to the white bear cub Umka, the statue of the Scythian deer in the Khakass style and the statue of the world-famous Little Prince. All of them are located in the city of Abakan.

Natural attractions of Khakassia

Most of the most famous sights of the republic are natural. One of these is Mount Kunya, or “Mountain of the Sun,” sacred to the locals. It is located near the town of Ust-Abakan.

This rock is a cult place where rituals and ceremonies dedicated to the sun god were held. In fact, as such, there is no mountain in the usual sense. This is a hill about 400 meters high, which overlooks the river valley. In past times, about 2 thousand years BC. e., the locals used it as a natural fortress, where they hid from enemies.

The mountain range “Chests” remains famous, which has the status of a natural and historical monument of nature, where in 2011 a museum-reserve of the same name was opened.

Note: the only hot spring in the area is called "Hot Key" or "Abakansky Arzhan". This is a thermal spring, the water temperature of which is 37-40 degrees. It is recommended for external use, but some drink it. Locals use this place as a "wild" resort.

Given the large number of mountain ranges and lakes, this area is also rich in caves.

The length of the mapped passages of the Pandora's Box cave is about 11 km, the depth is more than 180 m

The most interesting of them have no less interesting names: Pandora's Box, Kashkulakskaya or Black Devil's Cave, Borodino.

In order to preserve the objects of historical and natural heritage, the Khakass Republican National Museum-Reserve "Kazanovka" was created, which has collected more than 100 square kilometers of protected lands.

The Park of topiary art called "Dream Gardens" in Abakan deserves special attention, where there are many trees and shrubs that have acquired bizarre shapes after curly haircuts.

Lakes of Khakassia

A special place in the tourist direction of the Republic of Khakassia is occupied by extreme tourism and travel. These are especially famous Beautiful places numerous clean lakes, which differ from each other in flow and salinity. Looking at the map of Khakassia, you can find that in total there are about 1000 of them in this region.

Fresh waters are often sewage, and rivers originate from them. Salty ones usually do not have a runoff. Most of them filled large pits. The largest of the fresh waters is Itkul.

Its area is about 23 square kilometers, and the depth reaches 17 meters.

Lake Balakul is interesting.

In ancient times, it was considered sacred by the local peoples. Now there are a large number of recreation centers and children's camps nearby.

Some of them have healing water or mud. For example, Lake Shira, about the healing power of which there are descriptions in ancient legends.

Back in the 19th century, a sanatorium for vacationers was opened here. Now it is open all year round.

Lake Tus is bitter-salty. Sanatorium and resort establishments are also located on the shore. The depth here is no more than 2 meters.

Lake Chernoye got its name in ancient times, when they believed that the reservoir had a “black temper”. Only the bravest bathed here. Now it is known what explained such superstitions.

The water of the lake is saturated with radon, which has a relaxing effect on the human body. Previously, this was explained by the fact that the bowels of the reservoir take away strength from a person. Lake Wild is also saturated with radon deposits.

Ivanovskie lakes amaze with their beauty. This is a network of four lakes, which are connected to each other by small rivers and streams, surrounded by mountains.

The depth of the largest of them reaches 140 meters, and the water that fills them is icy.

Among other well-known and not very lakes, one can single out lakes Khankul and Marankul, Shunet and Fyrkal, Ulug-Kol and Matarak.

Architectural sights of Khakassia

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is the largest in Russia in terms of installed capacity and the 9th in the world. It is located on the Yenisei River, in a place where Khakassia borders on Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Rising to a height of 242 meters, it remains the highest dam in Russia and one of the highest in the world. Its construction began in 1963. Officially, it ended only in 2000, when almost all the shortcomings and problems that occurred during operation were eliminated.

Not far from here is an observation deck, which allows you to look a little at the hydroelectric power station itself, since you cannot get close to it - a protected area.

Here, in 2008, a monument dedicated to the "Conquerors of the Yenisei - the first builders of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP" was erected.

Due to technogenic human activity, the Tuimsky sinkhole, known throughout Khakassia, was also formed. In its place earlier, in the years of the USSR, underground mining of various ore was carried out. Gradually, the soil settled and later completely collapsed, forming a pit with water accumulated in it.

The height of sheer cliffs at the edges reaches 120 meters.

They can also offer ski resorts that welcome guests for as many as 9 months a year - this is the Gladenkaya ski complex.

Its name comes from the mountain on which it is located. It is equipped with everything necessary for comfortable living, recreation and, of course, skiing.

Unusual and mysterious places of Khakassia

Unsolved mysteries are not only in Egypt near the ancient pyramids. Similar secrets are kept by the lands of Khakassia, because so far no one has been able to determine how huge plates weighing about 50 tons were lowered from the mountains. Researchers have been dealing with this issue here since the 18th century. They are called menhirs of Khakassia.

They are various shapes, in the form of pillars or slabs. But they are united by one thing - they are all located in anomalous zones, in places of faults in the tectonic plates of the earth, where colossal energy comes out. Ceremonies and rituals have been held here for a long time, and people come in the hope of being healed of illnesses and ailments.

Menhirs Great Gate

One of the most visited are the menhirs Big Gate and Ulus-Khurtuyakh-Tas (Stone Old Woman).

Very interesting from a historical and cultural point of view are the pisanitsy - mountains or rocks on which ancient drawings are applied. For example, the Sulekskaya pisanitsa appeared in the second millennium BC during the Okunev culture.

It is located on the Painted Mountain, which is one of the three hills that are dotted with similar drawings.

On the rocks, ordinary everyday scenes from the life of the local population are depicted: riders, hunting, domestic animals.

Such scenes from life are also full of the Boyarskaya Pisanitsa, which is located on the Boyary Ridge. In addition, there are many images of dwellings.

The Lykovs' lodge on the Erinat River can also be attributed to the unusual places of this region.

This is the place where a family of 6 Old Believers lived for many years, who did not know modern civilization. They were discovered only in 1978, and since then only 1 woman has survived. All the rest died shortly after their discovery, largely due to contact with previously unknown microbes.

What to bring from Khakassia as a gift

Most often, souvenirs from Khakassia are not particularly original, but, of course, they correspond to the local color and folk crafts. First of all, these are various printed products with local views and sights.

Also local folk art produces birch bark tuesas and glassware, earthenware and dolls. Popular with locals musical instruments: chatkhan and khomys, as well as shaman tambourines. There are many offers for key chains and crafts made from maral horns.

Food products will be no less desirable: pine nuts, lingonberries, blueberries or fish, as well as herbal teas.

As you can see, Khakassia is rich in a wide variety of attractions. Everyone can take a walk, learn something new, relax and enjoy nature here.

We bring to your attention a video about the most interesting routes in Khakassia, this small presentation will allow you to see some of the beauties and attractions that we talked about above:

Photo gallery

Khakassia is a region in the south of Eastern Siberia, bordering the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Kemerovo Region, the Republic of Tuva and the Republic of Altai.

The hallmark of Khakassia is the Sayans, one of the most beautiful mountains in Russia. The Yenisei River flows through Khakassia, on which stands the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station - the largest hydroelectric power station in Russia and one of the largest in the world. The capital of Khakassia is the city of Abakan with a population of about 170 thousand people.

2. - natural park, tourist center of the Ergak-Targak-Taiga ridge in Western Sayan. The name "Ergaki" in a similar spelling is young. As far back as the beginning of the 20th century, on geographical maps and in printed publications, this name looked like "Irgaki".

3. Star Peak - the highest point of the region, 2265 m above sea level:

4. According to the widespread version, "Ergaki" is associated with the Tuvan word "ergek" ("Ulug-ergek") - thumb. With this word, the most expressive peak of the mountains is compared - Starry, remotely resembling a thumb.

6. Molodyozhny Peak as part of the Sleeping Sayan Ridge:

9. You can see the profile of a bird only when you are almost at the very top, at the base of this rock.

10. From left to right: Dragon's Tooth, Gamma Peak, Pikantny Pass and Star Peak:

12. Dragon Tooth Peak. One side of this pointed peak is a "negative" wall about 1,000 meters high.

16. Buibinsky pass. Gallery of the M54 highway, on the Abakan - Kyzyl section.

17. At the highest point of the Buibinsky Pass, at the intersection of the power line with the highway, General Lebed crashed in a helicopter in 2002. At the site of the fall, there was first a cross, and later a chapel was built.

19. - the largest power plant in Russia in terms of installed capacity, the 7th - among the currently operating hydroelectric power plants on the planet.

20. The installed capacity of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is 6400 MW, the average annual output is 24 billion kWh.

21. Construction of the dam began in 1968 and lasted seven years. During this time, more than 9 million cubic meters of concrete were laid.

22. The height of the dam is 245 meters, which is commensurate with the height of an 80-story building. This is the highest dam in Russia and one of the highest dams in the world.

23. The crest of the dam is 1 km long. The dam is cut into the rocky shores to a depth of 15 m.

24. Stability and strength is ensured by the action of the own weight of the dam (by 60%) and partially by the emphasis of the upper arched part against the banks (by 40%).

25. On the right bank there is a coastal spillway, which is designed to pass floods of rare frequency.

26. The five-stage differential consists of five extinguishing wells separated by spillway dams. The function of the drop is to dampen the energy of the flow - the maximum flow rates at the entrance to the upper well reach 30 m/s, at the interface with the river bed they decrease to 4-5 m/s.

27. Outdoor switchgear 500. The generated current from the station is transferred to an open switchgear, which ensures the output of HPP power to the power systems of Kuzbass and Khakassia. The main consumers of the SSH HPP are Sayanogorsk aluminum plant, Khakass aluminum plant, Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant, Novokuznetsk aluminum plant, Kuznetsk ferroalloy plant.

28. Cheryomushki - a settlement of hydraulic builders and operators of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station.

34. Cows rest:

37. Sayanogorsk was founded in 1975 in connection with the construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station and the Sayan aluminum plant.

39. The plant consumes about 30% of the energy produced by the SSH HPP.

40. Abakan is the capital of the Republic of Khakassia.

41. Downtown:

42. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral:

43. Preobrazhensky Park:

45. 500-meter pontoon crossing over the Yenisei. It is built every few years for planned exercises of the armed forces.

Features of the nature of Khakassia

The southwestern part of Eastern Siberia, the left-bank basin of the Yenisei, is occupied by the Republic of Khakassia. It lies within the Sayano-Altai highlands and the Khakass-Minusinsk basin.

Its length from north to south is 460 km, and from west to east 200 km in a wider part.

The northern, eastern and southeastern border runs with the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the south the border goes with the Republic of Tuva, in the southwest - the Republic of Altai, and in the west it borders on the Kemerovo Region.

The climate of the Republic is sharply continental with little snow and cold winter. Summer here is dry and hot. The average temperature in January is -18.9 degrees, and in July it is +17.9 degrees. Precipitation falls unevenly steppe zone from 300 to 700 mm falls annually, in the mountain-taiga zone the amount of precipitation increases to 1500 mm.

The relief is distinguished by flat and mountainous parts. The flat part is represented by the Minusinsk and Chulma-Yenisei basins, and the mountainous part is represented by the eastern slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau, the Abakan Range and the northern slopes of the Western Sayan.

The Sayans, located in the west and south of Khakassia, occupy 2/3 of the territory.

The large and main rivers are the Yenisei and Abakan, along the valleys of which there are steppes. Mountains are characterized by vertical zonality of landscapes.

The slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau are dry, so light coniferous forests grow there - larch, pine. Dark coniferous forests - fir-cedar, occupy the slopes of the Abakan Range and the Western Sayan.

The forests growing in the river valleys are mixed, they are characterized by the presence of birch, cedar, fir, spruce, willow, aspen, and larch. The undergrowth of these forests is represented by low birch, Kuril tea, currant, alder, etc.

In the high-mountain belt, light cedar forests, alpine meadows, and mountain tundra stand out. Cedar and firs can also grow. Birch, honeysuckle, alder, and juniper grow in the undergrowth. There are shrubs of dwarf dwarf, willow, alder.

Tundras are classified into shrub, lichen, and herbaceous. Tundra plants are represented by sedge, white-flowered geranium, and shulcia. You can meet sheep fescue, daffodil anemone, dryad, Turchaninov's cross.

The vegetation of the steppes is also diverse - grayish panzeria, thyme, cold wormwood, teresken, cochia, snakehead. The steppes of the Republic are famous for their caragans, dwarf small-tufted grasses.

The steppe herbage is characterized by fescue, feather grass, bluegrass, sedge, white-tomented speedwell, asters, etc. More than 1.5 thousand species higher plants includes the flora of Khakassia, of which 300 species belong to medicinal and technical raw materials.

Valuable food plants include wild garlic and bracken.

On the territory of Khakassia, different types of animals found their homes - Djungarian hamster, hare, voles, moles, long-tailed ground squirrels. Steppe lemming, narrow-skulled vole, shrew, and badger constantly live here. From predators - a fox, a wolf, Brown bear, lynx, wolverine.

Natural resources of Khakassia

The small territory of the Republic is well provided with natural resources.

The mineral resource group is represented by iron ores, the total reserves of which amount to 2.0 billion tons. Ores are concentrated in eight deposits - Abakanskoye, Teyskoye, Abagasskoye, Elgentagskoye, Izykhgolskoye, Anzasskoye, Volkovskoye, Samson. Iron in ores contains from 28 to 44.8%.

Molybdenum deposits are large in terms of reserves - Sorskoye, Agaskyrskoye, Ipchulskoye, but they are poor in the content of a useful component. In the ores of the first two deposits, copper, rhenium, and silver are found along the way. The content of tungsten in the ores of the Ipchulsky deposit reaches industrial concentrations.

Gold mining in the Republic has been going on since the first half of the 19th century, but there are no reliable statistics on mining. According to one of the options, 196 tons of gold were mined in the Republic. Gold mining in our time is based on the reserves of 6 primary deposits:

• Kommunarovskoye,
• Yuzikskoe,
• Mayskoye,
• Kuznetsovskoe,
• spruce,
• Turgayul.

Placer gold is mined at 30 deposits.

Hydrocarbon reserves in the Minusinsk depression are estimated at 50-230 million tons.

In the Minusinsk coal basin, reserves of 4 coal deposits have been explored - Beyskoye, Chernogorskoye, Izykhskoye, Askizskoye. 5.3 billion tons of coal are concentrated here, 3.6 billion tons are suitable for open-pit mining.

Common minerals are represented by clays, loams, expanded clay, sands, sand and gravel materials, gypsum, etc.

In the Republic there are unique deposits of marble and granite - Kibik-Kordon, Izas. The balance reserves of the first deposit amount to 63.4 million cubic meters. m.

There are jewelry and ornamental minerals - jade, jadeite, the deposits of which have been explored.

On the territory of Khakassia, there are significant reserves mineral waters, radon, many mineral lakes.

The forest fund of the Republic occupies 4022.9 thousand hectares or 65.3% of the total area. 2005.2 thousand hectares are occupied under coniferous species. The total stock of wood contains 431.9 million cubic meters. m, or 1.4% of the stake in the Siberian Federal District.

The recreational resources of Khakassia are peculiar and interesting, providing potential opportunities for the development of tourism. Monuments of archeology, history, architecture, culture, industrial facilities are the basis of tourism activities.

Places of ancient burials - burial mounds, ancient settlements, castles, stone sculptures are of particular value.

For specialists, Khakassia is an "archaeological Mecca".

Remark 1

For the effective use of recreational resources, economic cooperation with foreign travel agencies is necessary. An important point it remains to attract foreign capital for the further development of the material and technical base of the tourism industry.

Natural monuments of Khakassia

Natural objects are the most famous sights of Khakassia.

For local residents, Mount Kunya is a sacred place, which means “Mountain of the Sun” in translation. In the area of ​​​​the mountain there was a cult place for conducting rituals and ceremonies in honor of the sun god.

Remark 2

In fact, this is not a mountain, but just a hill, elevated 400 m above sea level. From the top of the hill, a magnificent view of the Yenisei valley opens up. In times BC it was used as a natural fortress, where it was possible to hide from enemies.

There is a wonderful natural monument, called "Hot Key" or "Abakansky Arzhan" - this is the only hot spring in the Republic. The water temperature of this thermal spring is 37-40 degrees.

The area is rich in caves. The explored passages of the Pandora's Box cave have a length of about 11 km and a depth of more than 180 m.

The caves have interesting names - Pandora's Box, Black Devil Cave or Kashkulakskaya, Borodino Cave, etc.

The Kashkulak cave is called one of the peaks of the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau - Koshkulak. Speleologists from many countries know about this archaeological site. It is officially included in the top five "most terrible" places on the globe.

The healing lake Shira is well known in the Republic and beyond its borders. The lake is located in the steppe zone of Khakassia. The miraculous power of the water of the lake was known more than a century ago, and in 1891 a resort was built on its shore.

Posted Sun, 29/05/2016 - 10:25 by Cap

Khakassia is an interesting and mysterious region located in the Western Sayan Mountains, a little east of Altai. The junction of Altai and Sayan makes this place mysterious and attractive!
Remains of ancient beliefs, practiced shamanism, pathogenic places, mysterious caves in the remote taiga, habitats of spirits - all this and much more can be found in Khakassia.
As for anomalous zones, there are three of them in Khakassia. There is also its own Valley of Death, in which the space-time continuum is bent (time bag). Let's say it's not the most pleasant place. Located in the north of Khakassia. The second place is located 33 kilometers upstream of the Abakan River from our city of Abakan. Quite often, people who spent the night in that valley went crazy or died under strange circumstances.
The third is located in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bLake Fyrkal towards Kommunar to the north, but you can’t get there by car, only on foot. A dead place, even the beast bypasses it. Ufologists say that it is part of one of the twelve anomalous triangles on the planet, such as the Bermuda Triangle.

"Chests" in Khakassia
Imagine a valley with a diameter of 12-15 km, surrounded by mountains. Practically in the center of this valley there are stone pyramids - the people call them "Chests" for the unusually regular shape of the peaks in the form of squares.
The length of these pyramids is about 300 m, the height is 60-70 m. They are, in general, a complete copy of the Aztec and Mayan pyramids. When I first saw them, I was just shocked,
I didn't believe my eyes. By profession, I am a historian, an archaeologist, and to see this at my side is something unimaginable. There are three villages next to these pyramids.
At first, naturally, I began to ask local residents about these constructions. Fortunately, one of my classmates lived in such a village, and through him I managed to get acquainted with many. Everyone kept repeating in one voice - the place is dark, spirits constantly “fly” there, in no case should one meddle there. To my desire to spend the night on the top of the most preserved of all the pyramids (and there are about 12 of them), the reaction is like a plague patient. They twist a finger at the temple and try to quickly wash off.
Finally, with two comrades, I stayed at the Chest. The night passed relatively calmly, except for all sorts of mystical things, such as - exactly at twelve o'clock the constantly blowing wind ended and an extraordinary silence ensued. It was heard how in a distant village, ten kilometers away, cow bells sounded. Then suddenly a small hollow was filled with thick fog. And then, in the complete absence of any movement of the wind, I suddenly heard the rustle of branches and the rustle of foliage (larch grew in the hollow). This, sorry, could not be. However, we digress from the topic.

So. The wind blew again at exactly 3 o'clock in the morning. (In the future, I checked, spending the night several times, all miracles are exactly on schedule!). A few hours later the sun began to rise, and since it was a full moon, I looked to the west, the moon was setting there - but what happened to her! The dark red disk began to rotate unbelievably around its axis, changing its shape, tending more and more to an ellipse. Moreover, all these metamorphoses took place in a matter of not only minutes, seconds! Until the sun rose almost completely, my friend and I (the second one slept in a tent) stared at the bloody disk, unable to tear ourselves away.
A lot of time has passed (it was 1991), but still, although not so clearly, I remember this disk of the Moon, morphing according to my whim. He did not promise anything good.

When we arrived at the village and had a good sleep, I began to ask the locals, and found out that all kinds of UFOs of all sizes, from balls to plates, and all kinds of colors, were roaming the valley of the “Chests”. When their accuracy is especially high, no one knew, they simply noted the days of their appearance. By the way, I was told that near one of the "Chests", back in Soviet times, a stone was dug up (they plowed the field and opened the shaman's grave with a tractor), which depicted the constellations of the other hemisphere, and some stars, visible almost through a telescope .
To be honest, I didn’t manage to verify this information, some say that everything they found was taken to some St. Petersburg institute, others don’t really remember anything at all, so I can’t confirm it, let alone refute it. Ho! The world-famous scientist, professor, writer, archaeologist Vitaly Epifanovich Larychev has been going to this valley for more than 20 years to dig. He even has a book on Chests. I was very interested in this strange connection between "Chests" and UFO. In general, there are many legends and true stories about this valley. It is reliably known that a mighty people lived in it for a long time, because they built stone houses, fortresses, skillfully used natural structures. And when the Mongols in the 12th century passed here - they slaughtered the entire population and tried to destroy all the buildings! Such a birth for them was not carried out. To everyone and everything!!! Now NOBODY knows what was there and who lived there!!!
For example, I strongly suspect that there existed a completely non-simple people professing their completely non-shamanistic religion. There is a suspicion that there are hollow places in the littered tops of the chests and there something is waiting for its time. By the way, I forgot to say. If scientists cannot give an exact date, how long ago people lived in the valley, that they approximately name the time of existence of the pyramids - 35-40,000 years ago they arose, and since then they have remained almost unchanged!

It is located in the Kuznetsk Alatau (Khakassia), four kilometers from the village of Malaya Syya, on the left bank of the Bely Iyus River. The length of the cave passages is about 11,000 meters and the depth is 195 meters.
The cave was discovered in the 1970s. The name of the cave was proposed by a Novosibirsk biologist and chosen by lot from a number of other names.
The cave has numerous wells, large halls, galleries at several levels, cave lakes, sinter formations.
One of the most dangerous caves in Russia.
There have been three fatal accidents in Pandora's Box Cave since its discovery to date.

PANDORA'S BOX. GENERAL INFORMATION.
Pandora's Box is a cave on the left bank of the Bely Iyus River, in the Kuznetsk Alatau, Republic (Khakassia).
The length of the mapped passages of the cave is about 11 km, the depth is more than 180 m. Currently, at the initiative of Krasnoyarsk speleologists, work is underway on a new topographical survey of the cave, including previously unfilmed passages. The labyrinth-type cave, in limestone, has one entrance.
There are numerous wells, large halls, galleries on several levels, cave lakes, sinter formations. average temperature is +5 °С.
There are bats.

The cave was discovered in the early 1970s by employees of the Syi glaciological station. At that time, the cave was the only entrance light grotto Shiroky. Since 1976, speleologists Osinnikov led by V. Vlasenko have been trying to penetrate the underground system through neighboring small caves.
In 1981, targeted excavations in Shirokoye by speleologists from Osinnikov and Tomsk uncovered a passage to the upper floors of the cave. In the future, speleologists of Novokuznetsk were also engaged in the study of the cave. The name of the cave was proposed by the Novosibirsk biologist N.P. Mironycheva-Tokareva, and chosen by lot from a number of other options.

Incidents in the cave
Three people died in Pandora's Box.
12/03/1989 Andrey Ageev from Novosibirsk crashed to death.
In the summer of 2003, Novosibirsk archaeologist Stanislav Shubin died in the upper part of the cave.
On February 2, 2005, while trying to dig a passage at the bottom of the cave, the Novosibirsk speleologist Pavel Galkin died under the rubble.
There are also reports of missing tourists in the cave.

Abnormal phenomena took place in the cave.

Pandora's Box, Emerald Lake

Statue of Khurtuyakh-Tas
Khurtuyakh-Tas is translated as "Stone Old Woman". People believe that she helps and fulfills desires. Childless women go to her to beg for children, men ask for the fertility of the land, cattle. They bring her gifts and leave them at the foot. It is located in the steppe of the Askiz region.

seismic zone
Anomalous zones with high energy are common. Old mounds with lying stone slabs are popular with residents. You stand on the stove, raise your hands up - and you are in a stream of power. Yesterday, February 10, 170 km south of Abakan, another earthquake of 6 points occurred in the Tashtyp region. Even 20 years ago, such phenomena were not heard in these places. Maybe seismic activity started in response to our visits?

"Askiz Poltergeist",
involuntary miracles in the village of Askiz, from which three people died. A book has been written on the research material, which is being printed now, to the amount of 5000 copies. in the publishing house "Nauka". There is a huge video material - three cassettes of three hours each. Location filming, eyewitness memories and stories, special filming using scientifically developed techniques.

Studies of the "Mercury Man".
Krasnoyarets Zhigachev /I don't remember his name/, visited a flying saucer. After that, mercury began to synthesize in his body! At first it was just bumps on his legs, the doctors prescribed heating for him, the bumps increased, they cut him up and the doctor was horrified, mercury poured out of the cuts! He was urgently sent to Krasnoyarsk. I will not retell much. I am under the impression of video recordings / also about nine hours of video / - professors and academicians in the hospital open his tumors - and mercury pours out of them on the operating table! I CAN'T IMAGINE THIS! Academicians and professors shrug their hands in front of the camera. Eggo's body really synthesizes mercury! Clots of mercury were found in the muscles, skin of the legs, in the scrotum, in the lungs. During a special scan at the clinic, mercury was found in the bones of the legs!!! All of this is filmed!!! EVERYTHING is seriously documented!!!

Suicidal zone
Last week in Khakassia five people committed suicide within two days. In this regard, one Indian film comes to mind. The plot is this. The guy and the girl love each other, but the girl's evil father does not allow them to get married, and the young, instead of sending him to hell, decide to jump into the abyss together. When she falls, the girl breaks to death, and the guy clings to a snag with his shirt, from which he cannot unhook himself, and thus remains alive.
Here, in Russia, you can get off with a week in a mental hospital for a failed suicide, but in India (as in some other countries) you can get a real term for this. In general, the guy gets a year in prison. When he leaves, he finds another girl, marries her. But the evil father of his first lover sets up a car accident for the newlyweds, as a result of which both die.
A few years ago, one of the Abakan psychiatrists told me in an interview that in some regions of Khakassia there is some kind of anomalous "suicidal" zone. It was then about the Tashtyp district. For some inexplicable reason, this area had the highest suicide rate in the region. Today, perhaps, such zones have "moved" to other territories.
Just like a couple of years ago, today, people who decide to commit suicide mostly hang themselves and shoot themselves. Shoot more often hunting weapon. The free circulation of combat, as you know, has been prohibited in our country since the time of Lenin (although in the former socialist camp of Eastern Europe, as well as in the Baltic states, this ban has long been lifted). It's probably right. We are not the people to buy military weapon and lock it with seven locks. In the hands of our man, it will definitely shoot, and if not at others, then at itself. Any person on our streets will say that in Russia, the removal of the ban on the free possession of military weapons will only increase the number of murders and suicides. And this is not at all good for our government. Is it in vain, for the sake of improving the demographic situation, that we invented the so-called “maternity capital”?

Stone old woman INEY-TAS

Location: the picturesque rock Inei-tas (Stone Old Woman) is located one kilometer northeast of the village of Kazanovka, in the Askizsky district of the Republic of Khakassia, on the left bank of the Askiz River

Inei-tas patronized cattle breeding from ancient times and until the 50s of the last century she “helped” people. At Inei-tas, tag taig were performed - rituals of sacrifice to the mountain spirit, the patron of the clan, and asked for help in various matters. At the very foot of Inei-tas, a platform was cleared and sprinkled with river sand, on which 14 sculptures of domestic animals were installed. Bulls, horses, sheep were made of river pebbles and red sandstone. Only three figurines from this collection have survived. And Inei tas itself was blown up at the very beginning of the 60s of the last century.
During the war and in post-war years people began to come to Inei tas again and perform rituals here. The then ideologists did not come up with anything better than how to destroy the cult monument. The amazing open-air temple was destroyed. They say that after that, cattle in Khakassia began to breed worse. They also say that none of the participants in this sacrilege ended their lives safely. And Inei-tas enjoys special reverence even after “death”.
Now the mountain where the stone stood is called Hoarfrost (foot Hoarfrost). Rites are again held here, those passing by will certainly do “sec-sec”, on the branches of birch trees, the grove of which surrounded the place where the Stone Old Woman used to stand, they tie a chalama. Those who have been here can fully feel the beauty and strength of this unusual place, where grandmother Iney, even having lost her former appearance, again helps her people.

How to get there: from Abakan to Askiz village (92 km.). Further to the village of Kazanovka about 30 km

Geographic coordinates: 53.22589 90.071927

Address:
Askizsky district, with. Kazanovka

Grotto TWO-EYED

Grotto Two-Eyes
Location: the grotto is located 50 km west of Abakan in the Bogradsky district of the Republic of Khakassia, on the river. Tolcheya, 1.5 km west of the village of the same name

Dvuglazka (Grotto "Dvuglazka", "Glyadeny") is a multilayer natural monument of the Stone Age in Khakassia. This name is due to the fact that in its vaulted ceiling there are two light holes of natural origin - two "eyes".

This is the earliest known site of ancient people in the Minusinsk Basin (100 - 35 thousand years ago), explored by Z. A. Abramova in the 1970s. The entrance to the grotto is located at a height of about 50 m from the water's edge. The grotto is very comfortable for habitation. It is roomy (15 m deep and 7-10 m wide), oriented to the south and well warmed up by the sun.
The excavations revealed several cultural layers, the lower of which belong to the Mousterian era. This is the time of the Ris-Wurm interglacial (100 - 80 thousand years ago) and the Würm glaciation (80 - 12 thousand years ago). Geologists believe that then the climate was relatively warm and dry. Steppe vegetation prevailed near the grotto. Dark coniferous forests grew in the Yenisei valley: spruce, cedar. There were many birches. Stone tools and many animal bones were found in the grotto ( food waste), the bones belonged to the kulan, horse, rhinoceros, bison, argali, saiga, reindeer. From predators - bones of a hyena, a lion, a bear, a wolf, a fox. From 40 thousand years ago, the layers belonged to the late Paleolithic, and from 12 thousand years ago (upper 2 layers, 50 cm) to the Mesolithic.

How to get there: along the M-54 highway from Abakan to the village of Red Stone (about 47.5 km). Further to the village of Borodino 10 km. Grotto "Dvuglazka" is located 2.5 km from the village of Borodino and 1.5 km from the village of Tolcheya

Geographic coordinates: 54.084856 91.064752

Address:
Bogradsky district, village Tolcheya

Mount CHALPAN

Location: the mountain is located on the territory of the State nature reserve"Khakassky", on the site "Lake Bele" in the Shirinsky district of the Republic of Khakassia.

The height of the mountain is 586.3 above sea level. Mount Chalpan is a mountain rise on the northwestern shore of Lake Bele. Stony steppes with outcrops of rocks are widespread on the southern steep slope, and various variants of steppe phytocenoses are found on gentle slopes. A birch-larch copse stretches along the coastline. On the southern slope of Mount Chalpan there is a unique petroglyph, which is a graphic chronicle of history. Archaeologists have established that some of the rock carvings of Mount Chalpan date back to the second millennium BC.
Mount Chalpan has environmental, scientific, aesthetic, educational, aesthetic, recreational value. Here, in the old days, the Khakass mined whetstones for the point of knives. At the top of Mount Chalpan is an ancient fortress.

How to get there: from Abakan along the M-54 highway to the village of Znamenka 80 km, then turn left and drive 55 km to the village of Borets. Then about 32 km to the village of Shira. Lake Bele is located about 25 km from the village of Shira.

Geographic coordinates: 54.703889 90.154167

Address:
Shirinsky district, lake Bele

Ancient Temple Complex ZENHYR

Location: The ancient temple complex Zenkhir (Uzynkhyr) is located in the Ust-Abakan region of Khakassia, near the village of Prigorsk

Translated from Khakass, Uzynkhir means "long ridge". The city with all its buildings practically disappeared into the ground. Only thick, at least 2.5-3 m, stone walls of the temple are clearly visible, which is 15-20 m from the settlement itself. The material for construction, obviously, was delivered from ancient quarries and the rocky coast of the Yenisei. According to scientists, Zenkhir was built by the Afanasyevites. Until now, it was believed that they did not build cities, but lived in small villages and settlements scattered along the banks of the rivers. However, Zenhir refutes this view.

How to get there: from Abakan to the village of Prigorsk about 30 km. Temple complex Zenkhir is located about 3 km from the village of Prigorsk

Geographic coordinates: 53.931111 91.286389

Address:
Ust - Abakansky district, Prigorsk settlement

Mount KUN TAG (KUNYA)

Mount Kunya
Location: left bank of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir, not far from the village of Ust-Abakan, Ust-Abakansky district of Khakassia

The ancient mountain Kyun Tag or Kunya, translated from Khakass means "Mountain of the Sun" and is a cult and sacred mountain for the Khakass, to worship the deity of the Sun. The height of the mountain is over 400 meters. At the top of Mount Kunya there is an ancient fortress, from where a stunning view of the Yenisei valley opens.

Even in the Bronze Age, more than 4,000 years ago, people used this mountain to hide from an enemy raid. It stretched along the ridge separating the gentle slopes of the mountain from its inner part, where not only women and children, but also livestock could hide in the decay. And male warriors could successfully defend the wall from enemies. It was unrealistic for the enemy to get inside the fortress along the steep slopes - even weak women and children could easily throw the attackers down, bringing down flagstone fragments on their heads. There is a lot of flagstone in these places, which made it possible to fold the wall without much labor. The ancient fortress has been used for thousands of years.
Mount Kunya is a grand monument of rock art. A small, only a few tens of meters in length, section of the wall cuts off the cape with a flat ritual platform. On the rocky cliffs of this cape is the famous Podkuninskaya petroglyph. There are 323 figures depicted on the ancient drawings of the inscription: people, deer, goats, horses, camels, birds, bears. The drawings are dated to the 2nd millennium BC.

How to get there: from Abakan to the village of Prigorsk about 30 km. Then 12 km to the village of Mokhova. Mount Kunya is 3 km along dirt road from the village of Mokhova

Geographic coordinates: 53.889803 91.418744

Address:
Ust-Abakansky district, town. Ust - Abakan, aal Mokhov

Tuim ring

Tuim ring
Location: the ancient monument is located on the 8th km of the Shira-Tuim road, in the Shrin district of the Republic of Khakassia

Tuim-ring is a funerary-cult monument of the Okunev culture. It is one of the most interesting objects in Khakassia. On a flat area between the road and the rock, a large square is laid out of stones, the diagonals of the square are also lined with stones. A cromlech (circle of dug menhirs) with a diameter of more than 80 m was built around the square.
In the center of the monument are the slab graves of a female priestess and two children. There are 4 large stones around the circumference, marking the four cardinal points. From the female burial to the east, a symbolic path was laid out, bordered by several small stones. In its own way, the monument is unique and is comparable in value to the English Stonehenge, although it is inferior to it in size.
There is an opinion that the Tuim-ring was not only a cult place, but was also used as an ancient observatory - the stones at the corners of the Tuim-ring are oriented to the cardinal points.
Unfortunately, during the construction of the road, the old cromlech was destroyed, and now you can only see its modern restored version. But the spirit and energy of the old place remained.

How to get there: from Abakan along the M-54 highway to the village of Znamenka 80 km, then turn left and drive 55 km to the village of Borets. Then about 32 km to the village of Shira. From the village of Shira to the village of Tuim, the distance is 18 km. The ancient monument "Tuim ring" is located on the 8th km of the road Shira village - Tuim village

Geographic coordinates: 54.393869 89.948518

Address:
Shirinsky district

Gravity Anomaly
The road Abakan - Sorsk, not far from the turn to Lake Ulukh-gol, in a place called Kuten-Buluk - a gravitational anomaly - the cars themselves go uphill, and the water runs uphill.
Possibly large deposits of ores.

Julia mine
Bogradsky district Rudnik Julia. True, it cannot be called a uranium mine. because uranium was not specifically mined there, but there are uranium deposits there ....
but for 30-40 years it has not been working and the village is abandoned. UFOs have been observed.

Anomalous zones in the taiga
In the taiga regions of Khakassia, small areas of terrain with ugly trees are often observed, lightning often strikes these places, sometimes fireballs are observed. Mechanical watches in such places are in a hurry or behind, by 2-3 minutes per day. While in such a place, a person feels some kind of uncertainty, fear. The zone is usually clearly delineated, outside the zone everything is fine. Such zones are well identified by dowsing, the frame deviation angle reaches 180 degrees.
MYSTERIOUS FOREST
Nature is fragrant with juicy greenery of herbs and the aroma of flowers, the quiet whisper of leaves under a gentle breeze and the singing of birds creates a unique peace and comfort in the soul. In the shade under the cool, spreading crown, they ate a good rest lying on the grass, where life is also in full swing, hard workers ants scurry about, somewhere a beetle is busily crawling, somewhere a grasshopper chirps, but a chipmunk with swollen cheeks or a squirrel in the branches of a pine slithered - such an understandable and the usual life of the taiga.
I slowly climb the slope to the hill and suddenly before my eyes an unusual picture that violates the taiga harmony: not far away there is a large dark spot of a dead forest, the greenery of the grass suddenly breaks off, underfoot there is a skinny layer of dryish gray moss, the mighty trunks of ugly trees are completely bare, without bark, the branches of a bizarre shape are either almost twisted into a spiral, or spread out in some completely unnatural way and not a single leaf, not even the wind does not shake them, as if in some long-forgotten old fairy tale about Baba Yaga. Windbreak, there are no old rotten trees either, a flat place overgrown with moss.
And the further I go deeper into this dead realm, the more anxious it becomes in my soul, some kind of unaccountable anxiety, a feeling of uncertainty, grows. Birds are not seen and not heard, even mosquitoes, these eternal companions of the taiga have disappeared somewhere and are no longer ringing in their ears, and there are no signs of life on the ground in the moss either, only huge curved roots under the trees stick out of the ground, as if they are also going to run somewhere . Involuntarily I quicken my pace and in ten minutes I go out to the edge of this dead place.
Curiously, the border of the dead zone is clearly marked by dense green thickets, which are filled with ordinary taiga life. How did this mysterious forest I don’t know what and when it killed him, but the uncertainty passes, and curiosity takes its toll, I go back to look at everything more carefully, at the same time I cut down a few flakes from trees, the tree is clean, there are no traces of pests, the soil is ordinary loamy, only there is almost no humus, and where can he get in the dead forest. It will be necessary to visit here in winter, to see the traces of animals, do they also bypass it. I heard many different legends about such places, but I saw it for the first time.

Anomalous area on the road
Again in Khakassia, an accident occurred on the Yenisei highway. 405 km of the road became fatal for a resident of the village of Ust-Abakan, who, while driving a Honda Accord, lost control, hit a metal fence and allowed the exit to a ditch. According to the UGIBDD of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Republic of Kharkiv, as a result of an accident, the driver received a head injury, multiple bruises and abrasions of the body, and was hospitalized.

SACRED PLACES OF KHAKASIA
At the XII Congress of the Khakass people held on March 18, its participants approved a list of sacred places in Khakassia. The director of the Khakass Research Institute of Language, Literature and History, Doctor of Historical Sciences Valentina Tuguzhekova, told the Abakan correspondent about the purpose of this list and what objects were included in it.

The need to create a list of sacred places is caused by socio-economic changes in recent years. Today, private individuals can rent vast territories (taiga, fields, etc.) on which objects sacred to the Khakass people can be located. And it is necessary to do everything possible so that these sacred places remain accessible for ritual practice. At the congress, we approved a list of 96 sacred places of the Khakass people, then we will submit it to the Supreme Council of the Republic. We hope that in the future, within the framework of the law on historical and cultural heritage, the sacred places of the Khakass people will be taken under state protection.

What is considered a sacred place?
A list of sacred places has been approved in Khakassia. The meaning of the word "sacred" (from the Latin "sacer" - sacred) is cult, ritual, secret. Sacred monuments of Khakassia are part of the ethnic culture of the Khakass.

Sacred, sacred place - a place that has a sacred status; a spatial object isolated from the realm of everyday life and designed to perform regular cult activities aimed at interacting with sacred entities and forces. It differs from worldly and religious spatial objects by a combination of ideal (spiritual) and material (physical) characteristics. Ideally, in religious consciousness, a sacred place is a value of a high order, the earthly residence of spirits and gods, the concentration of magical powers that evokes a feeling of reverence and requires an extraordinary respectful attitude. The presence of such characteristics in historical documents or ethnographic data makes it possible to identify a spatial object as a sanctuary, a sacred place.

A concrete study of ancient sanctuaries shows that in most cases the places for their arrangement were not chosen at all arbitrarily. Man singled out places in the surrounding earthly world that evoke strong emotional reactions, awaken the imagination and stimulate intellectual activity; these loci of space corresponded to religious ideas about the habitats of spirits, gods and other "forces", marked by the quality of holiness.

In the early stages of history, objects of the natural landscape (mountains, water sources, etc.) were marked strictly according to their genera. As a result, "tribal territories" were formed, which had pronounced natural boundaries. During the development of the territory, the most important was the landscape object (valley, mountain, lake, etc.), that is, the place where people gathered for public events. This is how the ancestral places of worship took shape.

Among the peoples of Southern Siberia, natural places where national holidays, religious rites, and shamanic rituals were held were considered sacral, that is, sacred places. As a rule, sacred places are associated with the traditional worldview of the indigenous peoples of Southern Siberia. As before, most of the indigenous peoples of Southern Siberia (Khakas, Tuvans, Altaians, Shors) deify nature, natural elements, worship of various natural elements, spirits is preserved in folk memory and ritual practice: the spirit of fire, the spirit of water, the spirit of mountains, etc. d.

What is included in the list
In Khakassia, as in other regions of Southern Siberia, sacred places include not only sacred mountains, certain areas, but also archaeological sites: ancient mounds, stone statues, etc. According to the ethnographer Viktor Butanaev, there are about 200 places of worship in Khakassia According to the Council of Elders of the Republic of Khakassia, there are more than 300 of them.

The most revered sacred mountains among the Khakass population are: Borus, Izykh, Uitag, Samokhval, Chests. The mountains formed the ideas of the Khakas about their territory as a mountain-steppe country, located in the center of the Sayano-Altai highlands and surrounded on all sides by mountain ranges.
For example, the Kuznetsk Alatau in the poetics of Khakass folklore is called "Ulgennig son" (Divine Range), and the Sayans - "Khan Tigir son" (Celestial Range).

The great mountain peaks of Khan-Purgus (Borus), Khan-Pradai, Kol-Taiga, Khan-Chalban and others are ancestral mountains from which Khakas seoks originate. To honor the mountain spirits, shamans performed rituals every three years.

The revered mountains and localities, having their patron spirits, were called "eelig chir" - literally "the land that has its owner." Usually there are anomalous phenomena associated with the tricks of mountain spirits. The Khakass treat such places with respect and, passing by, they always sprinkle wine or tobacco.

On the mountain passes, in honor of the master spirits, sacred stone piles - “obaa” were piled up. Every passing person is obliged to bow to them and contribute here. As a rule, men threw stones taken during the ascent, and women stuck branches from birches from the east.
If a person passed through the pass for the first time, then he had to tie the sacred ribbon “chalam” on poles stuck in piles of “obaa”, otherwise his life span would be reduced. You can't laugh or sing songs around both. In the presence of wine, those present walked around the sacred pile of stones three times in the sun and sprinkled both with alcohol. At night, it was forbidden to climb the passes.

A list of sacred places has been approved in Khakassia sacred mountains, mountain passes, the Khakassians have revered the cult of water since ancient times.
Every year at the beginning of summer, on the new moon, they prayed to water (sug tayi) at the sources of revered streams or on the banks. major rivers- Abakan, White and Black Iyus, Chulym and Yenisei. AT
In the lake region of northern Khakassia, water sacrifice was carried out on the shores of lakes. Prayer was held on such lakes as Khaara-kol (Black Lake), Os-kol (Aspen), Airan-kol (Ayran Lake), Tigir-kol (Heavenly Lake) and others.

In the valleys of the rivers Abakan, Iyusov, Chulym and Yenisei, the Khakass annually held Heavenly prayers. In Khakassia, more than a hundred mountains were noted, where prayers to the Great Heaven were held on the dominant peaks, and 20 of them are called "Tigir tayychan tag" - the mountain of Heavenly sacrifice.
In some places, as, for example, in the valleys of the Ulen, Kamyshta and Ninya rivers, every year heavenly prayers were held on different mountains, but after three years they returned to their original position. For example, the Kirbizhekov family held “tigir tayii” in the first year on Mount Bytag, then on the town of Khaibytag, in the third summer on the town of Khuyulyg-tag, then everything was repeated again. The inhabitants of the Ust-Byur aal in the first year made a heavenly sacrifice on the city of Kolergit, in the second year - on the city of Chan-quarrels, in the third year - on the city of Izykh-tag in the upper reaches of the river. Uibat, and then again to Kolergit.

The Abakan Kachins (aal Troyakov and others) held prayers to Heaven on Mount Saxor, on the right bank of the Uibat (a tributary of the Abakan). It was attended by residents of various seoks.

In addition to honoring the sacred mountains, water and sky, the Khakass from ancient times worshiped burial places (the cult of ancestor worship), heavenly bodies, sacred menhirs, ancestral places, and ancient shrines. Of the most revered stone statues, Ah-tas (white stone) and Ulug Khurtuyakh-tas (Big stone old woman) should be noted. A kilometer northeast of the village of Kazanovka, on the left bank of the Askiz River, until the sixties of the twentieth century, the picturesque rock Inei-tas (Stone Old Woman) towered. This place has two more names: Hoarfrost-haya (Rock-old woman) and Hoarfrost-pair (foot Hoarfrost). This monument had two meanings: it was the ancestral mountain of the Mainagashevs and the patron of cattle breeding for the entire local population.
This is not a complete list of sacred, sacred places in Khakassia, which have been revered since ancient times and are revered by modern Khakasses, where shamans traditionally perform rituals of sacrifice and worship of spirits and ancestors. In total, as we have already noted, the congress approved 96 sacred places of the Khakass people.

MENGIRS
The mystery of the menhirs of Khakassia
The study of the locations of menhirs by methods of geophysics and dowsing in Khakassia began at the end of the 20th century. Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Ya.I. Sunchugashev and I, a geophysicist. Such work was carried out during 1977-1999 under the program of the Khakass Research Institute of Language, Literature and History. In total, 25 sites of ancient statues were studied.

Menhirs are free-standing stone sculptures, near which sacrifices, religious rites and other mysterious ceremonial actions were performed five or four thousand years ago. Menhirs contain many more undisclosed secrets, fraught with amazing discoveries.
Man has created the most complex technical systems, he can fly on spacecraft and study the depths of the oceans, "catch" fractions of a second and split atoms. But, admiring the amazing discoveries in the field of technological progress, it should be remembered that this is all generated by man, his extraordinary capabilities. Apparently, it is no coincidence that in ancient times man was called a microcosm - the earthly embodiment of the mind of the Universe.Many scientists have proven that our capabilities are far from being fully disclosed, they are expanding not only due to scientific and technological progress, but are replenished with non-traditional ways of knowing the world.
One of them is dowsing, or in the modern concept - dowsing. The human body constantly experiences the complex effects of various geophysical fields - electromagnetic, gravitational, radioactive, and so on. It was the active reaction of the frame in the hands of the biolocator near the menhirs that made us look for the causes of this phenomenon. The dowsing anomalies near the menhirs are very impressive, and the effect observed here is very unexpected, still unknown to science. This anomalous effect indicates that the menhirs are located on the energy areas of the earth's surface.
Menhirs attracted and continue to attract the attention of storytellers, connoisseurs and performers of folklore. Narrators in the course of the story about the outstanding heroes of the epic skillfully introduced into poetic compositions the power of influence of menhirs on the world around them. So, in the legend "Ai Khuchin" it is said: "Having climbed a high stone ridge from the foot of a crooked menhir, he looked into the distance, when he saw, he discovered that the copper menhir is the umbilical cord of the earth."
Apparently, the Khakass considered the places where menhirs were placed sacred and unusual. In the legend "Khan Kichigei" it is reported that at the source of the light-stone river there is a white stone (ah tas), which must be lifted by the heroes passing here; many of them, unable to lift the white stone, died. However, the hero, before lifting it, on horseback traveled around this stone three times. The legend of three ceremonial circles around the white stone is consistent with the reports of the first scientist-traveler who visited Khakassia and Siberia, D. G. Messerschmidt. He noted in his diary on August 18, 1722 that "after an hour of driving, not far from these graves, I finally reached a statue widely known among these peoples ... Khurtuyakh, located in a hilly steppe.
I immediately sketched it and subsequently attached the drawing to the real notes. Khurtuyakh is carved from gray sandstone and dug obliquely into the ground. Behind you could see hanging thick braids woven from hair, in the form in which Kalmyk and Tatar women wear them ... The pagan Tatars from Es Beltyr, who provided me with horses, showed great honor to this old woman; each of them circled around her three times... put food in the grass closer to the pedestal so that she could use the food according to her appetite.” He further notes that the statue is revered among the indigenous population, they bring river pebbles as a gift, smear her mouth with oil, fat, milk and ask for health. Young women are being treated for infertility.
In carrying out such pagan rites, we are not alone. So, in Belarus, the stone "Grandfather" (an exhibit of the boulder museum in Minsk) once played a big role in the spiritual life of the people, because a century and a half ago people went to him, looking for help in trouble. Stone "Grandfather" was presented with honey, milk, wine - poured on the top of the boulder. When a woman was seriously ill, she put an apron on the boulder for 33 days. Another example is the famous boulders "Demyan" and "Marya", located on the outskirts of the village of Perezhir, Minsk region. It was believed that they have a miraculous power that can heal the paralytic, the lame, the deaf. Rich donations were brought to the boulders: flax, wool, bread, piglets, calves, sheep, money. It was believed that the result would be favorable if you make a pilgrimage to the stones at a certain time. Such a ritual is one to one similar to the ritual performed by the Khakas at the Khurtuyakh menhir.
The church was for the most part tolerant of the customs of the inhabitants. Moreover, crosses, chapels, and temples were erected near the most famous boulders. People prayed, asked the stone to save them from misfortune and illness. They went to the stone on the pagan holiday of Ivan Kupala, and on the Christian Trinity and Easter.
In the European part of Russia, experimental biolocators have identified a number of energy sites, the so-called places of power: Solovki, Valaam, Kizhi, the pagan temple of Uksa on the right bank of Ladoga, the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, where the cell of Sergius of Radonezh is located. So, the famous "place of power" of Solovki is on the Big Zayatsky Island, where the famous "northern labyrinths" are located, erected by an unknown people. The people who penetrated into these structures observed a kind of "alignment" of body functions: for example, in 10 - 15 minutes it returned to normal high blood pressure and at the same time there could be a surge of vitality.

Within Khakassia, we studied the sites of menhirs only in the territories of Ust-Abakansky, Askizsky and Bogradsky districts. All studied menhirs are located in geopathogenic zones, which are associated with the zones of faults in the earth's crust. Geopathogenic zones are areas of the earth's surface that radiate a flow of energy unknown to science so far. As a rule, the width of these zones is insignificant and varies within 10-50 meters, and the length is many hundreds of meters, and in some cases - kilometers. According to the shape and strength of the impact of these fields on the biolocator, we divided geopathic zones into two types: high-frequency (negative), when the vector of the measured field is directed "fan-shaped" (in these places, the "unbalance" of the human biofield occurs, which ultimately leads to pathology), and low-frequency (positive), where the sinusoidal shape of the curves of the dowsing effect is manifested, while the direction of the measured field vector in one part of the anomaly is fixed strictly vertically down, in the other - up. In these places, the human biofield is aligned, which contributes to its healing.

For simplicity of narration, we will call geopathic zones of the second type “places of power.” So far, three such places have been identified on the territory of Khakassia: the site of the stone statue Ulug Khurtuyakh tas, which is located on the 134th kilometer of the Abakan-Abaza highway in the Askizsky district, where a museum complex. Here, by dowsing, it was determined that the stone statue was installed by ancient people within the low-frequency geopathic zone in its positive epicentral part. The identified low-frequency geopathic zone has a sinusoidal shape and a width of about 20 meters, with its long axis oriented to the northeast. The intensity of the dowsing anomaly here it is about 450 conventional units. As already noted, Khurtuyakh was treated with various ailments, treated for infertility. And at present, this “place of power” is not empty, tens of thousands of people visit it every year.

The second is the parking lot of two menhirs - the Big Gate, which is located in the Ust-Abakan region, two kilometers northeast of the Big Salbyk mound. Dowsing studies revealed that these monoliths were installed in a low-frequency geopathogenic zone, which had a width of 23 meters. The dowsing anomaly in this place is of a sinusoidal shape with an intensity of 450 conventional units. At the same time, the menhirs are installed on the "inflection" line of the curve. The stone on the right side (when viewed from the south) has a recess in the shape of a human body. This recess was formed from the "rubbing" of people on the stone, who came here for thousands of years for treatment or to perform some ceremonial rites. On the end part of the monolith, a tamga is carved in the form of a contour of a human body with three rays emanating from the head. Everything indicates that this "place of power" was used by ancient people to eliminate certain ailments.

The third place is the territory of the Small Palace of the ancient Khakass state: on the 34th kilometer of the Abakan-Askiz highway, 50 meters east of the highway. Here, literally five meters from the southeastern corner of the "palace" excavation, a linear low-frequency geopathogenic zone 18 meters wide in the northeast direction was revealed. The anomaly has a sinusoidal shape with an intensity of up to 800 conventional units. There is no doubt that the place for the construction of the palace complex was not chosen by chance. Apparently, this place was revered by ancient people, and earlier it was fixed with a menhir, but with the passage of time, the stone was lost, most likely, “reused” in the construction of cemeteries, as was often the case in the Tagar and later eras. Many researchers believe that there was a hospital here. Like it or not, one thing is clear: the dowsing anomaly in this place is identical in form, structure and intensity with the anomalies found at the cult sites of Ulug Khurtuyakh tas and the Big Gate, which were used in medicinal purposes. Therefore, today it became necessary to fix this anomalous zone by placing a corresponding stone statue here. This work was carried out by the republican council of elders of the Khakass people and its chairman Vladislav Torosov, who installed a granite menhir called Abchah tas (stone grandfather).

For preventive and therapeutic purposes, I recommend that readers of the newspaper, if possible, visit “places of power” and stay there for at least 15–20 minutes. that is, the water will become structured, the use of which will further contribute to the healing process.

The mention of the Koshkulak cave in an interview with the "white" shaman Tatyana Kobezhikova interested many readers who live outside of Khakassia, but who have already heard about the mysterious dungeon. Their request is to tell more about it. AiF on the Yenisei freelance correspondent Viktor Melnikov has been collecting curious observations of visitors to the mysterious cave for a long time.
This place is known all over the world. It is officially included in the top five "most terrible" places on the globe. Anomaly scientists call this mysterious void in the mountain range somewhat grandiloquently: the cave of the black devil. Its geographical name does not sound so menacing - Koshkulak cave. The name was given to her by one of the peaks of the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau - Koshkulak. From the village of Shira to it - a little more than 20 kilometers.

place of black rites

Young "old lady"
For the first time I heard about this cave about 15 years ago from my acquaintances speleologists, brothers Nikolai and Vladimir Savchenko. Returning from another hike through the caves of the Kuznetsk Alatau, they told me terrible stories about half-decomposed human bones found in the cave, about the shadows and sounds of the shaman's tambourine, about the causeless horror that they experienced while passing through a certain section of this cave. The brothers also told a story that they, in turn, heard on the campaign:
"In the 1960s, a group of students of 20 people climbed into this damn hole. Only two students came out of it. And then one girl in a violent insane state was picked up by hunters near the cave. She bit and shouted something incoherent. She was immediately hidden in the "psychiatric hospital". The second student went crazy "quietly". At night, she was discovered by a squad of police from the village of Shira. Gray-haired, with a dead face, with lips bitten into blood, she walked along the dark streets of the village. In her hands, the girl was clutching some kind of figurine made of stone , which she did not want to give away for anything. Without stopping for a second, she whispered something very quickly and passionately. And this girl was assigned to the house of sorrow, where she "burned out" from some mysterious illness for a month.
Doctors could not establish the cause of death - the patient, who was rapidly losing weight, was, although insane, but absolutely healthy. Under the mattress of the young "old woman" who had lost her last breath, the nurse found a small stone figure ... "

Fox hat with horns
I confess - I did not believe then the narrators. He even mocked them, accompanying their story with witty, as it seemed to me, comments: how much, they say, the brothers drank before listening to such stories. However, about six months passed, and my friends again went on another trip to Koshkulak. In a group of 30 people, there were mostly schoolchildren - the November holidays were going on. Our tourists spent about three days near the cave. The first two expeditions underground went smoothly.
Having heard about the horrors of Koshkulak and dreaming of thrills, schoolchildren were disappointed. On the third day, before breaking camp, they begged the adults for the last time to "run through the cave." After they went around all the grottoes, including the grotto of the Skeletons, where, according to eyewitnesses, the incredible usually happens, the guys were already about to go upstairs.
At that moment, everyone suddenly felt a chill of terror. Schoolchildren rushed to the exit, pushing aside no less frightened parents and teachers...
Already in the light of the sun, when fear was released, the pioneers and their guides vied with each other to share what they fancied in the depths of the cave. Everyone, as it turned out, the horror had its own "appearance". Some saw a terrible monster with the body of a bear and with a bloody human skull instead of a head, others saw a huge crow sitting on a pile of bones, the third "appeared" (including my acquaintances cavers) a disgusting old shaman in a filthy fox hat with horns, beating a tambourine and producing intricate body movements. With gestures, he seemed to call to himself ...
Some time after the group returned home, one of the participants in the campaign, a sixth grader, was found hanged in the attic own house. He left a posthumous note of very strange content. The boy wrote about some kind of stone devil, about dark holes and madness. And at the end: "... die, but remember the stones." The parents of the deceased boy claimed that this phrase was written in a different handwriting.

Burning look
Back in the 1980s, scientists from the Novosibirsk Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine became interested in rumors about ghosts that lived in its bowels. Expeditions were organized to study the phenomenon of the cave.
Perhaps, then, for the first time, scientists recognized that visions are not just fantasies of sightseers who were afraid of the dark. In 1985, an employee of the institute Konstantin Vakulin with a group of speleologists examined the grottoes. After several hours of work, people were drawn to the exit. Konstantin went last. I fixed the rope on a special belt, prepared for the ascent. And suddenly he felt a gaze on him. The scientist was engulfed in heat. The first impulse is to run! But the legs did not obey. Seeing what was going on behind my back was insanely scary. And yet, as if in a state of hypnosis, obeying someone else's will, he turned his head and saw about five meters from him ... an elderly shaman.
The same, from the stories of my caver friends: fluttering clothes; a furry hat with horns, burning eyes and smooth, inviting hand movements - they say, come, follow me! .. Bakunin unconsciously took several steps deeper and immediately, as if throwing off a dark spell, began desperately pulling the rope. By not succumbing to the "persuasion" of the cave shaman, he, quite possibly, escaped the fate of the once dead or mad.
Another member of the expedition, Nikolai Kamanov, witnessed almost the same visions.

Summarizing the evidence received, scientists suggested that all these hallucinations, unaccountable, panic fear, of course, are not intrigues. dark force, but the result of a completely material external influence. It is known, for example, that infrasound with a frequency of about 6 hertz can cause a feeling of indescribable horror.
A special laboratory was set up in one of the grottoes of the Black Devil Cave. Researchers set up experiments there, carried out various measurements. As a result, a geomagnetic anomaly was established. The electromagnetic field in the cave is constantly fluctuating. Even at the initial stage of the study, scientists noticed that, among other signals, a strictly defined impulse was steadily breaking through. Sometimes it was fixed as a single one, but it happened that it went in "bundles". And always with the same amplitude. It happened that the signal disappeared for two or three days, or even for a week, but then it invariably returned.

sacred stalagmite

mysterious lighthouse
Scientists wondered: where do these strange impulses come from? After a series of experiments, it was found that they make their way from the depths of the cave. It was decided to check if these impulses were connected with eerie visions, which were those who found themselves in the cave. The time of fixation of impulses exactly coincided with the moment of the appearance of nervousness in people, a depressed state, turning into panic horror.
The pulses, as the scientists expected, turned out to be low-frequency. The very ones that are not perceived by the human ear, but have an impact on all living things, including the human psyche. But where do they come from? The employees of the institute have no doubts that only an artificial emitter can generate such frequency pulses with a stable amplitude of oscillations. But how can he get in the remote taiga, deep underground? Scientists examined the entire cave, descended into the most hidden corners - in vain. The search for an artificial emitter was unsuccessful. The mysterious beacon, if it exists in nature, is even deeper.

As for hallucinations (and scientists consider eerie visions to be just harmless "glitches"), the study participants agreed on the following version: the perception of non-existent objects as real can be caused by some unusual chemical mixture present in the air that fills the cave. However, what kind of mixture it is and how much it has been studied is not yet known. The following question remained open: why do many see visions in the guise of a shaman? It seems that this should not be the case with hallucinations - this, like dreams, is an "exclusive" phenomenon. However, one-time expeditions could not, probably, dispel all the myths. The perestroika that began at that time asked far more burning questions. So the solution to the mysteries of the cave of the black devil is probably ahead. In the meantime, in the absence of a materialistic justification for what is happening in the dungeon, ancient legends are passed from mouth to mouth, along with heartbreaking stories.

Shaman's Revenge
ONE of them was shared by the "white" shaman Tatyana Kobezhikova in the previous issue of AiF on the Yenisei. Once a shaman was buried near this cave. People have disturbed his peace, and he punishes them by appearing to them in a dream, or even in reality in the form of a man in outlandish clothes, dragging him along. If you believe the local rumor, the spirit of the ancient Khakass shaman lives in the grotto of the Ghosts, which is next to the grotto of the Skeletons.
According to another legend, the Koshkulak cave was a cult place among the ancient Khakass. Here, the pagans worshiped not only the phallus as a symbol of procreation - an ancient bonfire has been preserved around a natural stalagmite in the form of a phallus. Here, according to legend, the ancestors of the Khakass worshiped the black devil, made sacrifices to their gods, including human ones. An ancient altar that has survived to this day speaks in favor of this legend. Whoever believes in this legend believes that over the centuries the cave has absorbed the dark energy of ancient shamans, which, being careful of its secrets, splashes out from time to time on overly curious guests of the cave.

Grotto Skeleton

Kolchak's gold
The myths associated with the Koshkulak cave not only do not die, but are born. In booklets for tourists, for example, they will share with you assumptions that Kolchak's gold is hidden in one of the grottoes of the cave of the black devil, that the secret warehouse of weapons of the "father" Solovyov is lost here. Faithful Leninists cannot but be touched by this version: the young commander of the Uzhur Chonovites, Arkasha Golikov, received his legendary nickname Gaidar at the entrance to this cave.

Road to hell
One of the most mysterious places in Khakassia is the Koshkulak cave. it mysterious place is located high in the mountains near the remote taiga village of Topanovo, Shirinsky district. Without an experienced speleologist or local guide, it is dangerous to meddle in the cave - no joke - an almost vertical descent of about three hundred meters. And getting to the cave is not so easy - not every car can handle the poor gravel road. Then you need to stomp uphill on foot through the taiga. And in the places of those living creatures of all - in bulk. Whether you meet the soul of a shaman or not is another question, but a brown bear is easy.
I tried to persuade some of the locals to lead to this cave - it was useless. No money is needed. They say that if a black shaman drags on, he won't let go.
Koshkulak is considered a cult place. Some say that once people were sacrificed in this cave (children or young women were killed there - no one can say for sure), and now this place has a very bad reputation. They say that the ruined souls cannot find peace and take revenge on the living for their bleak existence.

More than one scientific expedition visited there, some even saw this very black shaman, about whom the locals speak. One researcher, who did not want to be named, told the following story:
“Our group went down to Koshkulak to check. The cave is not the deepest, in the Shirinsky district there are both deeper and more beautiful. And this one, indeed, is some kind of black, we didn’t find human bones there, but there are a lot of animal bones there. Maybe they are here to die. Feelings in this cave are not pleasant, but we did not notice any obvious manifestations of something special. Almost all of our group went upstairs. I was the last in the chain and for some time I remained alone in the cave. Suddenly I felt someone's eyes on me. He turned around and was stunned: a creature separated from the wall - either a man or a beast - a body like a human, on his face something like a black mask, and twisted horns on his head. This creature looks at me and beckons with a finger. I, as if spellbound, reached for the rope to untie the knot. At this time, someone from above called out to me, I woke up and pulled the rope with all my might. What was it - a dream or reality? But under the impression I walked for a long time. Sometimes this shaman (this is how the locals describe the black shaman) later I dreamed about. No, I will not climb into this cave again.

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Symbolism of the flag of the Republic of Khakassia The blue color represents beauty and grandeur. White color symbolizes the purity of thoughts, snow, peace. Red denotes courage, courage, readiness to defend the Fatherland. Green color symbolizes life. The solar sign is a symbol of the sun, growth, life and traditions of the people.

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Coat of arms of the Republic of Khakassia The state emblem of the Republic of Khakassia is an image in a silver field of a scarlet (red) shield of the Amazons, thinly bordered with greenery and with a golden thread-like inner border, burdened with a silver walking winged leopard "alert", thinly bordered and decorated with gold and inscribed in the inner border. The shield is accompanied at the top by a golden, thinly bordered solar sign on the outside - a symbol of the Universe and is surrounded by a wreath of two scarlet birch branches with green foliage. At the bottom of the wreath, in the gap between the branches, on a green ribbon is a Khakass ornament made in gold. In all historical versions of the emblem of Khakassia, the following elements are present: leopard, birch leaves.

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Republic of Khakassia Republic of Khakassia - subject Russian Federation, is part of the Siberian Federal District. In the north, east and southeast, Khakassia borders on the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the south - on the Republic of Tuva, in the southwest - on the Republic of Altai, in the west - on the Kemerovo Region. Administrative center Abakan Population 570.0 thousand people Area 61.9 thousand km2

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Natural conditions Climate The climate is sharply continental, with dry, hot summers and cold winters with little snow. The average air temperature in July is 17°С, in January -18°С. Main natural resources The Republic of Khakassia is one of the oldest mining regions in the east of Russia. On its territory, iron, molybdenum, gold, coal, mineral and radon waters, non-metallic minerals are mined: barite, bentonite, facing marbles and granites, building materials. Deposits of copper, polymetals, phosphorites, asbestos, gypsum, jade, jadeite have been explored.

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Municipal districts of the Republic of Khakassia: Altaisky, Askizsky, Beysky, Bogradsky, Ordzhonikidzevsky, Tashtypsky, Ust-Abakansky, Shirinsky. Most big cities: Abakan, Chernogorsk, Sayanogorsk, Abaza, Sorsk.

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The Republic of Khakassia. The Republic of Khakassia is located in the southern part of central Siberia, in the valleys of the Abakan and Yenisei rivers, it occupies part of the Minusinsk and Chulym-Yenisei basins.

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The nature of Khakassia is unique. The Republic of Khakassia compares favorably with the wealth of mineral, forest and water resources. The total area of ​​the forest fund is 61% of the territory of the republic. The main forest-forming species in the Republic of Khakassia are cedar, fir, pine, spruce, larch, birch and aspen. The most valuable are cedar forests (31% of the forest fund). The most valuable species of wild plants grow in the forests. medicinal plants with high demand.

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Rivers and lakes of Khakassia. Khakassia has significant resources of fresh underground and surface waters. There are more than 320 large and small rivers, about 1000 lakes, 26 reservoirs in Khakassia. Khakassia has significant resources of fresh underground and surface waters. There are more than 320 large and small rivers, about 1000 lakes, 26 reservoirs in Khakassia.

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The special value of salt lakes in the republic. There are more than 100 of them in the republic. Currently, 24 reservoirs with a mineralization of more than 10 g/dm3 have been identified on the territory of the republic, which can be used for baths and bathing for medicinal purposes. Recognition of the unique potential of salt lakes, natural healing resources, historical monuments. So, for example, Lake SHIRA is an All-Russian health resort.

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Tourism in Khakassia Tourism in Khakassia is developing on the basis of monuments of archeology, history, culture, architecture, and industrial facilities. Of particular value are the remains of ancient burial sites - burial mounds, ancient settlements, stone sculptures. Experts call Khakassia an "archaeological Mecca".

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Siberian Switzerland. The Republic of Khakassia has unique opportunities for the development of tourism. On its territory, on the spurs of the Eastern Sayan and Kuznetsk Alatau, the water flow of the two largest Russian rivers, the Yenisei and the Ob, with more than 3,000 small and large watercourses, the Krasnoyarsk and Sayan reservoirs, is formed. Taiga massifs with total area about 4 million hectares are fraught with untold riches of fauna and flora. Here you can admire and get acquainted with various geographical areas, starting from the sultry steppes and ending with the eternal snow-covered ridges with elevation changes up to 200-2500 meters above sea level. Quite deservedly, the Khakassian taiga is called the Siberian Switzerland.

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Lakes of Khakassia Khakassia is really known for its lakes - Tus, Bele, Utichye, Itkul, Shira, Khankul, Ulukgol, Shunet and others - and each lake has its own purpose from a medical point of view. Rest on the lakes of Khakassia is quite worthy and healing - with swimming and sunbathing. The lakes of Khakassia are rest and treatment. The following lakes deserve attention: Bele - a double lake, consisting of salt and fresh parts; Tus is the saltiest lake; Lake Utichye - surrounded by mountains on all sides; Shira - you can not only swim in it, but also go to archaeological excavations or to a cave; Ulukgol - it can be considered a kind of ornithological reserve; Khankul - underground sources are located nearby; Lake Shunet with therapeutic mud and others.

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The Red Book of Khakassia part I was released in 2002, and part II in 2004. On the territory of Khakassia, 187 species of plants are rare and endangered, which is 12% of the number of species growing on the territory of the republic.

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125 species of angiosperms, 1 species of gymnosperms, 10 species of ferns, 10 species of mosses, 12 species of lichens and 10 species of mushrooms are placed in the Red Book of Khakassia. For each plant species included in the Red Book, its status is indicated. Species status is a threatened condition category adopted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

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On the territory of Khakassia, there are 128 rare and endangered species of animals listed in the Red Book. Of these, the class of insects includes 21 species, fish - 6 species, amphibians - 3 species, reptiles - 3 species, birds - 79 species and mammals 16 species. For each species of animal included in the Red Book, its own category of rarity status is indicated.

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Protected places. To rare species The ichthyofauna of Khakassia includes Siberian sturgeon, nelma, sterlet.

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Tuim failure Tuim - a small village 20 km from the regional center Shira and 190 km from Abakan, once, at the end of the 19th century, a small Khakass ulus of 10-12 yurts. The mine, known today as the Tuimsky failure, appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. She then bore the name Kiyalykh-Uzen. It used to be a mountain, and there was a mining mine in it copper ore. In 1954, all the mines on this mountain, out of harm's way, were blown up. After the explosion, the central part of the mountain with a diameter of about 300 meters collapsed down to a depth of more than 100 meters, resulting in the formation of the Tuimsky failure.