The largest land predator on earth is the polar bear. Who is oshkuy
The white polar bear, or, as it is also called, the sea bear, is a typical inhabitant of the Arctic. It inhabits the ice expanses and islands of the Polar Basin up to the northern coasts of Siberia and North America. Polar bears live in the so-called Arctic "ring of life" - a giant belt in which the largest polynyas are located and there are a huge number of marine animals. Polar bear is the largest predator on our planet. The body length of an adult male can reach three meters, and weight - up to one ton. The height at the withers is more than one and a half meters. True, female polar bears are much smaller and usually weigh 200–300 kilograms. The smallest bears are found in Svalbard, the largest - in the Bering Sea. 
Oshkuy differs from other bears in its long neck and flat head. Interestingly, the skin of the polar bear is black, and the color of the fur varies from white to yellowish. Zoologists suggest that the yellowness of the fur appears with constant exposure to sunlight. There is no pigmentation in the bear's fur itself, and the hairs are hollow and have the ability to absorb ultraviolet rays, which protects the animal from overheating in the sun. Sometimes the hair of a polar bear becomes greenish in color - this is due to the fact that microscopic algae start up inside the hairs. Usually such a "repainting" occurs in a hot climate (when kept in zoos and zoos). 
The "fur coat" of the polar bear is very thick and dense, it protects well from the cold and, in addition, is saturated with grease, which prevents the wool from getting wet in water. The soles of the paws of the beast are also covered with wool. All polar bears have a thick layer under their skin. subcutaneous fat, also saving from hypothermia. 
On the front paws of the polar bear, membranes are located between the fingers, allowing the beast to swim quite long distances. There are cases when polar bears traveled more than fifty kilometers in search of food, while constantly being in icy water. Moreover, they can swim with a huge speed for their mass - about 12 kilometers per hour. But usually these predators prefer another way of moving - on ice floes that have broken off from fast ice. 
Standing idle for days on its ice floe, the animal periodically rises on its hind legs and carefully examines the pieces of ice floating nearby in search of seals, walruses, seals and other marine animals. Having found prey, the bear silently slides into the water and carefully swims up to its prey so that only the eyes and nose are visible on the surface. If the ice field is large and it is necessary to make a land flight at dinner, then the bear will lie on its belly and slowly crawl up to the potential victim from the leeward side, covering its eyes and nose with one paw - the only black spots that are clearly visible on a white background and are able to give it away predator. 
The polar bear finishes its prey with one blow of a powerful paw, armed with huge, non-retractable claws. At one time, an adult beast is able to eat up to 20 kilograms of meat. 
If there is little prey, then the bear will not disdain carrion, eggs or chicks, and in places inhabited by humans it can delve into garbage pits. In accordance with annual changes, the polar bear makes annual migrations: in summer it retreats to the pole, and in winter it moves south, even going to the mainland, but still prefers to stay on the ice or on the coast. But the polar bear's lair, intended for hibernation, can be found both on the polar islands and in the depths of the mainland - fifty kilometers from the coast. True, long hibernation, the duration of which is fifty to eighty days, only pregnant females lie. Males and single females go into hibernation for a short time, and even then not every year. Polar bears have a very low breeding potential, with a female giving birth for the first time at four to eight years of age. A female bear gives birth no more than once every two or three years and has one to three cubs in a litter. Throughout her life, the female can bring no more than fifteen cubs. Moreover, the mortality among newborns reaches 30%.
100 Great Wildlife Records Nepomniachtchi Nikolay Nikolayevich
THE LARGEST LAND PREDATOR ON EARTH - POLAR BEAR
The polar bear reaches 3 m in length, and it weighs 800–1000 kg. The soles of the bear's paws are covered with wool so that it is not slippery on the ice. The polar bear lives in the Arctic, on the ice by the sea, and is found almost in North Pole. It feeds on fish and marine animals. White wool helps the bear to be invisible in the snow. He even covers his black nose with his paw so as not to stand out among white snow. The bear has a very good sense of smell: it smells its “lunch” at a distance of 15–20 km. It is believed that the polar bear has no enemies among animals. Its main enemy is man. A nimble and stealthy predator, the polar bear will stop at nothing to satisfy its hunger, even if it means risking its life to do so.
All year round, bears are associated with drifting and landfast sea ice, where they hunt seals - ringed seals, as well as bearded seals. Pregnant females lie in dens for up to six months, in some years male bears remain on land for several weeks. Most of their life is spent in roaming, which is associated with the search for open water and food. The bear hunts with a clawed paw. The shaggy fur of a bear, soaked in fat, does not get wet in water. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat protects from the cold.
The polar bear has a low breeding potential: the female gives birth for the first time at the age of 4–8 years, gives birth once every three years and has 1–3 cubs in the litter; during life brings no more than 10-15 cubs. At birth, the bear cub weighs up to 500 g, but after two months - 10 kg. Mortality among cubs is 10–30%. The decline in the number of the animal is associated with the poaching of bears, as well as pesticide poisoning and water pollution with oil produced on the shelves. Warming in the Arctic is also not good for the polar bear - the edge of the floating ice is sometimes too far from the coast.
AT vivo the polar bear lives for about 19 years, with a maximum of 25–30 years.
To track the movements of polar bears, radio beacons are used, but only female bears wear a collar with a transmitter. In males, the neck is thicker than the head, and the collar does not rest on it.
HUNGER BEARS STARTED EATING THEIR LIKE
Polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea are turning into cannibals as a long absence of ice makes it impossible for them to reach their natural food, according to a new study by US and Canadian scientists. The researchers observed three polar bears in northern Alaska and western Canada hunting their polar bears between January and April 2004. As a result, the first case of killing a female bear, who gave birth shortly before this cub, was recorded.
Polar bears feed mainly on seals, and the sea ice serves them necessary condition for hunting, mating and birth of cubs. Usually, the "kings of the Arctic" kill each other only during the struggle for females. Killing for food is less common, said study co-author Stephen Amstrap of the US Geological Science Center in Alaska.
“In 24 years of polar bear research in the southern Beaufort Sea region of northern Alaska and 34 years in northwestern Canada, we have not documented any instances of polar bears hunting, killing and eating other polar bears,” the scientist said.
However, in January 2004, scientists encountered the first such case. The male bear attacked someone else's lair, killed the female and, dragging her a few tens of meters away, ate part of the body. “The predatory bear broke through the roof of the den, grabbed the female and inflicted numerous bites on the head and neck. When the den collapsed, two cubs died under the rubble of snow,” the study says.
In April 2004, while examining bear tracks on sea ice near Herschel Island, scientists discovered the partially eaten body of an adult bear. The tracks indicated that she was with a cub. A few days later, Canadian researchers found the remains of a one-year-old bear that had been killed by a predatory bear.
Defenders environment they say it's all consequences global warming, which could lead to the extinction of polar bears by the end of the century. Environmentalists have asked the US government to include polar bears on the list of endangered species.
The largest land predator on the planet needs floating ice from which it hunts seals. Already today, Canadian bears living in Hudson Bay are beginning to feel the effects of climate change. Every 10 years the area arctic ice reduced by 9%. By the middle of this century, experts believe, there may be no ice left in this region in the summer.
British polar expert Dr. Peter Wadhams of the University of Cambridge believes that the future of these predators is unenviable if they do not change their culinary habits. “It could be that polar bears are adapting to new environments, like the brown bears in Alaska who adapted to mountain stream salmon and terrestrial prey,” he says.
From the book Reviews of knives from leading manufacturers by KnifeLife From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia(BE) of the author TSB From the book Animal Encyclopedia author Moroz Veronika VyacheslavovnaPolar bear The polar bear (marinus Pall) is a typical inhabitant of the Arctic. This is a very large animal. An unusually thick, dense coat perfectly protects the body of a bear from cold and getting wet in icy water, even the soles of his feet are completely covered with hair so that they barely
From book latest book facts. Volume 1 [Astronomy and astrophysics. Geography and other earth sciences. Biology and Medicine] authorWhat is the size of the smallest predator on Earth? In 2002, French biologists discovered the smallest of the terrestrial predators. This flagellated protozoan, Picofagus flagellatus ("tiny flagellated eater") lives in the sea. The size of the picophage in diameter is less than 0.003 mm. He
From the book Crossword Guide author Kolosova SvetlanaThe largest diamond 7 "Kullian" - South Africa.
From the book 100 Great Wildlife Records author Nepomniachtchi Nikolai NikolaevichThe largest crime syndicate 11 "Yamaguchigumi" - Japan, gangster group, 30,000
From the book Oddities of Our Body - 2 by Juan StevenThe largest city is 10 Gopalganj - Bangladesh, up to 1 kg.
From the book The Complete Encyclopedia of Our Delusions authorTHE BIGGEST SPIDER - ORDINARY TARNIERA It belongs to the family of tarantula spiders (Aviculariidae). The family is the most famous among arachnids. Among them there are huge hairy spiders more than 13 cm long. Up to 600 species of this family live in the tropics;
From the book The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Our Delusions [with illustrations] author Mazurkevich Sergey AlexandrovichTHE LARGEST CROCODILE - CROCODIL, OR SEA The combed crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) is a reptile of the genus of real crocodiles. The specific name "porosus" (lat. "Spongy") is given due to the fact that the muzzle of old crocodiles is covered with bumps. Salted crocodile - the largest
From The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Our Delusions [with transparent pictures] author Mazurkevich Sergey AlexandrovichTHE BIGGEST PARROT IS THE GREEN-WINGED macaw The peculiar body structure, with a huge beak and long tail, large size and a combination of bright colors - red, green, blue - make parrots from the genus macaw one of the most attractive, beautiful and noticeable
From the book The Newest Book of Facts. Volume 1. Astronomy and astrophysics. Geography and other earth sciences. Biology and medicine author Kondrashov Anatoly PavlovichTHE BIGGEST RODENT - CAPIBARA Capybaras are the largest rodents of the Earth; their mass can reach 50 kg, and their body length is 100–130 cm. They are very similar to huge guinea pigs. In addition, the capybara is the only species in the Hydrochoeridae family. In the past, there were other types
From the author's bookWhat is the largest baby in the world? The largest baby was a boy weighing 10.2 kg, who was born in September 1955 by Carmelina Fedele, a resident of Avers
From the author's book From the author's bookThe largest waterfall Which of the waterfalls is the most powerful: Someone will say that Niagara, and someone who knows geography a little better will mention the African Victoria Falls. However, in reality, the "palm tree" does not belong to these waterfalls. "Champion" among
From the author's bookThe largest waterfall Which of the waterfalls is the most powerful: Someone will say that Niagara, and someone who knows geography a little better will mention the African Victoria Falls. However, in reality, the "palm tree" does not belong to these waterfalls. "Champion" among
The white polar bear, or, as it is also called, the sea bear, is a typical inhabitant of the Arctic. It inhabits the icy expanses and islands of the Polar Basin up to the northern coasts of Siberia and North America. Polar bears live in the so-called Arctic "ring of life" - a giant belt in which the largest polynyas are located and there are a huge number of marine animals.
The polar bear is the largest predator on our planet. The body length of an adult male can reach three meters, and weight - up to one ton. The height at the withers is more than one and a half meters. True, female polar bears are much smaller and usually weigh 200–300 kilograms. The smallest bears are found in Svalbard, the largest in the Bering Sea.
Oshkuy differs from other bears in its long neck and flat head. Interestingly, the skin of the polar bear is black, and the color of the fur varies from white to yellowish. Zoologists suggest that the yellowness of the fur appears with constant exposure to sunlight. There is no pigmentation in the bear's fur itself, and the hairs are hollow and have the ability to absorb ultraviolet rays, which protects the beast from overheating in the sun. Sometimes the hair of a polar bear acquires a greenish color - this is due to the fact that microscopic algae grow inside the hairs. Usually such a "repainting" occurs in a hot climate (when kept in zoos and zoos).
The "fur coat" of the polar bear is very thick and dense, it protects well from the cold and, in addition, is saturated with grease, which prevents the wool from getting wet in water. The soles of the paws of the beast are also covered with wool. All polar bears have a thick layer of subcutaneous fat under the skin, which also saves from hypothermia.
On the front paws of the polar bear, membranes are located between the fingers, allowing the beast to swim quite long distances. There are cases when polar bears traveled more than fifty kilometers in search of food, while constantly being in icy water. Moreover, they can swim with a huge speed for their mass - about 12 kilometers per hour. But usually these predators prefer another way of moving - on ice floes that have broken off from fast ice.
Standing idle for days on its ice floe, the animal periodically rises on its hind legs and carefully examines the pieces of ice floating nearby in search of seals, walruses, seals and other marine animals. Having found prey, the bear silently slides into the water and carefully swims up to its prey so that only the eyes and nose are visible on the surface. If the ice field is large and it is necessary to make a land flight at dinner, then the bear will lie on its belly and slowly crawl up to the potential victim from the leeward side, covering its eyes and nose with one paw - the only black spots that are clearly visible on a white background and are able to give it away predator.
The polar bear finishes its prey with one blow of a powerful paw, armed with huge, non-retractable claws. At one time, an adult beast is able to eat up to 20 kilograms of meat.
If there is little prey, then the bear will not disdain carrion, eggs or chicks, and in places inhabited by humans it can delve into garbage pits. In accordance with annual changes, the polar bear makes annual migrations: in summer it retreats to the pole, and in winter it moves south, even going to the mainland, but still prefers to stay on the ice or on the coast. But the polar bear's den, intended for hibernation, can be found both on the polar islands and in the depths of the mainland - fifty kilometers from the coast. True, only pregnant females lie in a long winter hibernation, the duration of which is fifty to eighty days. Males and single females go into hibernation for a short time, and even then not every year.
Polar bears have a very low breeding potential, with a female giving birth for the first time at four to eight years of age. A female bear gives birth no more than once every two or three years and has one to three cubs in a litter. Throughout her life, the female can bring no more than fifteen cubs. Moreover, the mortality among newborns reaches 30%.
POLAR BEAR
Who hasn't seen a polar bear? In zoos, he is an ordinary guest. There is no need to describe what it looks like. We only recall that he only has a black nose, the bear itself is white both in winter and in summer (and not like, say, an arctic fox or a white hare - they are only white in winter). The soles of the paws of the polar bear are overgrown with thick hair, and the fingers are connected by swimming membranes for about half of their length.
Polar bears swim and dive perfectly. Two minutes can stay under water, but they rarely dive deeper than two meters into it. Far in the open sea, polar bears have been seen more than once, even she-bears with cubs. They swim at a speed of 5 kilometers per hour, not worrying that neither land nor ice is visible anywhere near.
The polar bear catches seals not only on the ice, stealthily creeping up to them. His usual method, so to speak, of an attack from the sea is as follows: near the seal rookeries, the bear carefully, without splashing and noise, slides into the water, swims to where he noticed the seals. Then he silently dives and emerges already at the very rookery, quickly climbs onto the ice, thereby cutting off the seals' path to saving water. On sheer ice walls, a bear can jump straight out of the water onto an ice floe, even if its height above the water is two meters.
Seals are the main hunting prey of the polar bear in spring. It catches and eats about 50 seals per year. In summer, the menu is more varied. He catches fish in shallow water, on the shore - lemmings, arctic foxes, feasts on bird eggs. When hungry, eats berries, algae, mosses, lichens, mushrooms.
The polar bear is the most powerful of the land predatory animals. The lion and the tiger are lightweight in comparison: the average weight of female bears is 310 kilograms, and that of male bears is 420 kilograms. If the bear is seasoned and well-fed, then it can weigh a whole ton!
at the intermediate certification
for 4th grade course
for 2013-2014 academic year
Test by literary reading and speech development
1. Polar bear in summer
a) changes the color of the coat; b) does not change coat color
2. The soles of the paws of the polar bear are covered
A) thick hair b) thickened skin
3. The toes of the paws of a polar bear are half their length
a) connected by swimming membranes; b) grow together
4 Polar Bears Can Swim Fast
A) 2 kilometers per hour b) 5 kilometers per hour
5. The polar bear menu is more varied
A) in winter b) in the spring; c) in summer
6. The average weight of a bear
a) 310 kg; b) 420 kg
7. A mature and well-fed bear can weigh
a) 420 kg; b) a ton
Math test
1. How long does it take for a polar bear to swim from the shore to the ice floe?
a) 3 hours; b) 10 hours; c) 20 hours; d) 75 hours
When solving the problem, you can use the picture: gray quadrangle - earth, white quadrangle - ice floe; a bear swims in a straight line, shown by a dotted line
0 3 6 km
2. Can a polar bear jump out of the water onto an ice floe if its height is 180 cm?
A) yes, since 1 m 8 cm< 2 м; б) да, так как 1 м 8 дм < 2 м;
C) no, because 1 m 8 cm > 2 m; d) no, because 1 m 8 dm > 2 m
3. What part of an hour can a polar bear stay under water without emerging from it?
A) thirtieth of an hour b) a tenth of an hour;
C) a third of an hour d) the second part of the hour
4. How many seals can a family of three bears eat in 2 years?
A) 300 seals; b) 150 seals; c) 100 seals; d) 50 seals
5. Who is heavier: a bear or a male bear? How many kilos?
A) a female bear is 110 kg heavier than a male bear
B) a she-bear is 110 kg lighter than a male bear
C) a male bear is 730 kg heavier than a she-bear
D) a male bear is lighter than a she-bear by 730 kg
6. Choose the correct answer.
A bear and a bear swim towards each other. The bear swims at a speed of 5 kilometers per hour, the bear at a speed of 6 kilometers per hour and swim 22 kilometers. How long will it take them to cover this distance?
a) 3 hours
b) 2 hours
at 4 o'clock
d) 1 hour
Test around the world
1. What natural area do polar bears live?
a) in the Arctic desert; b) in the Arctic Ocean;
c) on Wrangel Island; d) in the tundra
2. In what natural zone is the city of Vorkuta located
a) in the tundra; b) in the forest zone; c) in the ice zone; d) in the steppe
3. What groups do the animals mentioned in the article belong to?
a) animals, birds, fish, reptiles;
b) mammals, birds, fish;
c) animals, birds, fish, amphibians
4. Which group of animals can be attributed to the polar bear according to the way of feeding?
a) predator b) omnivorous;
c) herbivorous; d) insectivorous
5. From the plants mentioned in the article, select a group herbaceous plants, which never bloom and do not have seeds (use the dictionary of the textbook if necessary)
a) mosses, algae, lichens; b) mosses, algae;
C) mosses, algae, mushrooms; d) mosses, algae, fungi, lichens
6. Which paragraph talks about what kind of bears are swimmers?
a) 1st; b) 2nd; c) 3rd; d) 4th; e) 5th
7. What part of the text (which paragraph) can be called: "Cunning and cunning hunter"?
a) 1st; b) 2nd; c) 3rd; d) 4th; e) 5th
8. Given text:
a) artistic; b) popular science
Test by Russian language
1. The text about polar bears has the most sentences:
a) narrative; b) interrogative
a) at the beginning of the text; b) at the end of the text
4. Write out
second part text (fromsecond paragraph ) first sentence. Break it down into parts of the sentence. What can you say about predicates? They area) related words; b) homogeneous members of the proposal
5. What can be said about the verbs that express the predicates? These verbs are:
a)
Iconjugations; b)IIconjugations6. These verbs are in the form:
a) present time; b) future tense; c) past tense
a) singular; b) plural
Test score
Attestation mark
21-28
11-20
8-10
0-7
comprehensive final work
Part 1
ass
nia
Right answers
Maximum score
for each task
Section "Reading: working with textual information"
Doesn't change color
1 point
thick wool
1 point
Swimming membranes
1 point
5 kilometers
1 point
summer
1 point
310 kilograms
1 point
a ton
1 point
The maximum score for the section "Reading: working with textual information" 7 points
Section "Mathematics"
3 hours
1 point
Yes
1 point
10.
thirtieth of an hour
1 point
11.
BUT
300 seals
1 point
12.
B
For 110 kilograms
1 point
13.
B
2 hours
1 point
Maximum score per section
"Maths" 6 pointsPart 2
ass
nia
Right answers
Maximum score
for each task
Chapter " The world»
1 point
In the Tundra
1 point
Mammals, birds, fish
1 point
Omnivorous
1 point
Mosses, algae
1 point
1 point
1 point
Popular science
1 point
The maximum score for the "World around" section is 8 points
Section "Russian language"
narrative
1 point
10.
At the end of the text
1 point
11.
At the beginning of the text
1 point
12.
Homogeneous Members suggestions
1 point
13.
1 conjugation
1 point
14.
present tense
1 point
15.
Plural
1 point
Maximum score per section
"Russian language" 7 pointsMaximum score integrated work 28 points
Dolphin*
Have you ever seen dolphins? Dolphin is a mysterious animal on our planet. The intelligence of this sea dweller He is considered so tall that he is called the "man of the sea". The shiny bodies of dolphins resemble drops in their shape. The muzzle is elongated into a narrow beak, the nostrils are merged into one "drawbar", from which the animal can release a fountain of spray two meters high. The tail of dolphins, unlike fish, is located horizontally.
"People of the Sea" became famous as tireless companions of ships. They were often seen escorting ships to the open sea. Dolphins can swim at a speed of 50 kilometers per hour, no one in the sea swims faster than them. The fastest dolphin is the common dolphin.
Dolphins are not fish, but mammals. They feed their young with milk and breathe not with gills, but with lungs. They often need to come up out of the water to breathe. Dive into the water usually no longer than 3 minutes.
Dolphins are found in many seas and oceans of the world. A dolphin eats up to 30 kilograms of live fish per day. Dolphins always hunt in packs. They catch up with a school of fish and surround it. Then they push the fish to the very shallow water and eat it there.
A dolphin lives for about 50 years. Average weight they are 500 kilograms. A beluga whale can weigh up to 940 kilograms. Baby dolphins are born about once every two years.
At this time, the dolphin is trying to jump high so that the cub can take its first breath. Dolphins are very touching parents who take care of their cubs for about 5 years.
Dolphins can make various sounds - whistling, clicking, barking, moaning, screeching, grunting, meowing, chirping and others. A dull lingering whistle followed by a high and melodic one means that the dolphin is calling for help. When dolphins get angry, they bark!
Examination complex work
in mathematics, Russian language,
literary reading, the world around
at the intermediate certification
for 4th grade course
for 2013-2014 academic year
Literary Reading Test
The dolphin is called the "man of the sea" because of his:
a) mystery b) intelligence
The tail of the dolphins is located:
a) horizontally b) vertically
Where does the fountain hit the animal:
a) from the beak b) from the drawbar
A dolphin can swim at a speed of:
a) 30 km/h b) 50 km/h
Dolphin can be under water:
a) 2 minutes b) 3 minutes c) 5 minutes
A dolphin is a mammal because:
a) feeds her young with milk
b) fish in shallow water
Dolphin can weigh
a) 500 kg b) a ton
Math test
1. How long does it take for a dolphin to swim from the coast to the island?
a) Zch
b) 10h
c) 8 pm
d) 75 hours
Use the drawing to solve the problem. Gray quadrangle - earth, white quadrangle - island; the dolphin swims in a straight line, shown by a dotted line.
2. Will a dolphin be able to spray a person standing on a tower 250 cm high with its fountain?
a) yes, since 2m<2м5см
b) no, since 2m<2м5дм
c) no, because 2m>2m5cm
d) yes, since 2 m > 2 m 5 dm
3. What part of an hour can a dolphin stay under water without emerging from it:
c) twentieth of an hour d) second of an hour
4. How many kilograms of fish can a family of three dolphins eat in a week?
c) 210 kilograms d) 630 kilograms
5. Who is heavier: the average dolphin or the white whale? How many kilograms?
a) the average dolphin is 440 kg heavier than the beluga whale
b) the average dolphin is 440 kg lighter than the beluga whale
c) the beluga whale is 1440 kg heavier than the average dolphin
d) the white whale is 1440 kg lighter than the average dolphin
6. Choose the right solution.
Dolphins swim towards each other. The dolphin swims at a speed of 50 kilometers per hour, and the Belobochka dolphin at a speed of 70 kilometers per hour. How long will it take them to swim a distance of 360 kilometers before meeting?
a) 4 hours
b) 2 hours
at 3 o'clock
d) 1 hour
Test around the world
1. To which group of animals can dolphins be classified according to the way they feed?
a) mammal c) herbivore
b) omnivore d) insectivore
2. Who are the neighbors of the dolphins?
a) carp, crucian carp, roach
b) salmon, herring, anchovy
c) penguin, polar bear
3. There are 6 paragraphs in the text. Which paragraph talks about why dolphins are mammals?
a) 1st c) 3rd e) 5th
b) 2nd d) 4th f) 6th
4. Which paragraph talks about appearance dolphin?
5. Which paragraph talks about what sounds a dolphin can make?
a) the first b) the last
6. Which paragraph tells about the way dolphins hunt fish?
a) 1st c) 3rd e) 5th
b) 2nd d) 4th f) 6th
7. Which paragraph talks about which dolphins are swimmers?
a) 1st c) 3rd e) 5th
b) 2nd d) 4th f) 6th
8. Given text:
a) artistic
b) popular science
Russian language test
1. The text about white dolphins has the most sentences:
2. The exclamatory sentence is:
3. The interrogative sentence is
a) at the beginning of the text b) at the end of the text
4. Write out the fourth sentence from the fourth paragraph of the text. Highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence.
What can you say about predicates? They are:
a
) related words b) homogeneous members of the sentence5.
These verbs are in the form:a) present time
b) future tense
c) past tense
6. These verbs are in the form:
b) plural
7. These verbs are in the form:
a) feminine c) neuter
b) masculine d) cannot be determined
The ratio of the test score and the certification mark:
Test score
Attestation mark
21-28
11-20
8-10
0-7
Keys and grading system for completing assignments
comprehensive final work
Part 1
ass
nia
Right answers
Maximum score
for each task
Section "Reading: working with textual information"
Intelligence
1 point
Horizontally
1 point
From the drawbar
1 point
50 kilometers per hour
1 point
3 minutes
1 point
milk
1 point
500 kilograms
1 point
The maximum score for the section "Reading: working with textual information" 7 points
Section "Mathematics"
3 hours
1 point
Not
1 point
twentieth part of an hour
1 point
10.
630 kilograms
1 point
11.
At 440 kilograms
1 point
12.
3 hours
1 point
The maximum score for the section "Mathematics" 6 points
The maximum score for 1 part is 13 points
Part 2
ass
nia
Right answers
Maximum score
for each task
Section "World around"
mammal
1 point
Salmon, herring, anchovy
1 point
1 point
1 point
In the last
1 point
1 point
1 point
Popular science
1 point
Maximum score per section
"The world" 8 pointsSection "Russian language"
narrative
1 point
At the end of the text
1 point
At the beginning
1 point
10.
Homogeneous members of a sentence
1 point
11.
present tense
1 point
12.
Plural
1 point
13.
B
masculine
1 point
« Maximum score per section "Russian language" 7 points
The maximum score for part 2 is 15 points
The maximum score for complex work is 28 points
Bear is the most large predator on the ground. This animal belongs to the class of mammals, carnivorous order, bear family, bear genus (lat. Ursus). The bear appeared on the planet about 6 million years ago and has always been a symbol of power and strength.
Bear - description, characteristics, structure. What does a bear look like?
Depending on the species, the body length of a predator can vary from 1.2 to 3 meters, and the weight of a bear varies from 40 kg to a ton. The body of these animals is large, stocky, with a thick, short neck and a large head. Powerful jaws make it easy to gnaw both plant and meat food. The limbs are rather short and slightly curved. Therefore, the bear walks, swaying from side to side, and rests on the entire foot. The speed of a bear in moments of danger can reach 50 km / h. With the help of large and sharp claws, these animals extract food from the ground, tear apart prey and climb trees. Many bear species are good swimmers. The polar bear has a special membrane between the fingers for this. The life expectancy of a bear can reach 45 years.
Bears do not have sharp eyesight and well-developed hearing. This is offset by a great sense of smell. Sometimes animals stand on their hind legs in order to obtain information about the environment with the help of scent.
thick bear fur, covering the body, has a different color: from reddish-brown to black, white in polar bears or black and white in pandas. Species with dark fur turn gray and gray in old age.
Does a bear have a tail?
Yes, but only the giant panda has a noticeable tail. In other species, it is short and almost indistinguishable in the fur.
Types of bears, names and photos.
In the bear family, zoologists distinguish 8 species of bears, which are divided into many different subspecies:
Brown bear (common bear) (lat. Ursus arctos). The appearance of a predator of this species is typical for all representatives of the bear family: a powerful body, rather high at the withers, a massive head with rather small ears and eyes, a short, slightly noticeable tail, and large paws with very powerful claws. torso brown bear covered with dense wool with a brownish, dark gray, reddish color, which varies from the habitat of the "clubfoot". Baby bear cubs often have large light tan marks on the chest or in the neck area, although these marks disappear with age.
The distribution area of the brown bear is wide: it is found in the mountain systems of the Alps and on the Apennine Peninsula, is common in Finland and the Carpathians, feels comfortable in Scandinavia, Asia, China, in the northwestern United States and in Russian forests.
Polar (white) bear (lat. Ursus maritimus). It is the largest representative of the family: its body length often reaches 3 meters, and its mass can exceed one ton. It has a long neck and a slightly flattened head - this distinguishes it from its counterparts in other species. The color of the bear's fur is from boiling white to slightly yellowish, the hairs inside are hollow, therefore they give the bear's "fur coat" excellent thermal insulation properties. The soles of the paws are densely “lined” with tufts of coarse wool, which allows the polar bear to easily move on the ice cover without slipping. Between the toes of the paws there is a membrane that facilitates the process of swimming. The habitat of this species of bears is the polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Baribal (black bear) (lat. Ursus americanus). The bear is a bit like a brown relative, but differs from it in its smaller size and blue-black fur. The length of an adult baribal does not exceed two meters, and the female bear is even smaller - their body usually has a length of 1.5 meters. pointed muzzle, long paws, ending with fairly short feet - this is what this representative of the bears is remarkable for. By the way, baribals can become black only by the third year of life, at birth getting a gray or brownish color. The habitat of the black bear is vast: from the expanses of Alaska to the territories of Canada and hot Mexico.
Malayan bear (biruang)(lat. Helarctos malayanus). The most "miniature" species among its bear counterparts: its length does not exceed 1.3-1.5 meters, and the height at the withers is slightly more than half a meter. This type of bear has a stocky build, a short, rather wide muzzle with small, round ears. The paws of the Malayan bear are high, while large, long feet with huge claws look a little disproportionate. The body is covered with short and very hard black-brown fur, the chest of the animal is “adorned” with a white-red spot. The Malayan bear lives in the southern regions of China, in Thailand and Indonesia.
White-breasted (Himalayan) bear(lat. Ursus thibetanus). slim physique Himalayan bear not too different large sizes- this representative of the family is two times smaller than the brown relative: the male has a length of 1.5-1.7 meters, while the height at the withers is only 75-80 cm, the females are even smaller. The body of a bear, covered with shiny and silky hair of dark brown or black color, is crowned by a head with a pointed muzzle and large round ears. An obligatory "attribute" of the appearance of the Himalayan bear is a spectacular white or yellowish spot on the chest. This species of bears lives in Iran and Afghanistan, is found in the mountainous regions of the Himalayas, in Korea, Vietnam, China and Japan, feels at ease in the open spaces Khabarovsk Territory and in the south of Yakutia.
spectacled bear (lat. Tremarctos ornatus). Medium-sized predator - length 1.5-1.8 meters, height at the withers from 70 to 80 cm. The muzzle is short, not too wide. The wool of a spectacled bear is shaggy, has a black or black-brown hue, around the eyes there are always white-yellow rings, smoothly turning into a whitish "collar" of fur on the animal's neck. The habitat of this species of bears is the country South America: Colombia and Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, Venezuela and Panama.
Gubach (lat. Melursus ursinus). A predator with a body length of up to 1.8 meters, at the withers, the height varies from 65 to 90 centimeters, females are about 30% smaller than males in both indicators. The trunk of the sloth is massive, the head is large, with a flat forehead and an overly elongated muzzle, which ends in mobile, completely devoid of hair, protruding lips. The bear's fur is long, usually black or dirty-brown in color, often forming a semblance of a shaggy mane in the neck of the animal. The chest of the sloth bear has a light spot. The habitat of this species of bears is India, some parts of Pakistan, Bhutan, the territory of Bangladesh and Nepal.
Giant panda (bamboo bear) (lat. Ailuropoda melanoleuca). This type bears has a massive, squat body, which is covered with dense, thick black and white fur. Paws are short, thick, with sharp claws and absolutely hairless pads: this allows the pandas to firmly hold the smooth and slippery bamboo stems. The structure of the front paws of these bears is very unusually developed: five ordinary fingers are complemented by a large sixth, although it is not a real finger, but is a modified bone. Such amazing paws enable the panda to easily manage the thinnest bamboo shoots. The bamboo bear lives in the mountainous regions of China, especially large populations live in Tibet and Sichuan.
