Class hour “If you are polite. “What is politeness” essay reasoning Polite words and their designation

Health

Municipal educational institution

"Alekseevskaya secondary school"

Class hour

"If you are polite"

Tkacheva Irina Alekseevna,

mathematic teacher

Municipal educational institution "Alekseevskaya Secondary School"

Lubinsky

municipal district
Omsk region

Alekseevka 2011

Class hour for 6th grade students

"If you are polite"

Target: to form in students an understanding of the importance of a polite attitude towards people around them, to cultivate the desire to do good deeds, and to develop self-esteem.

Class progress

Teacher:

Nothing costs us so little

and is not valued as highly as politeness.

The rules of politeness originated in ancient times.

Politeness has always been an indicator of good manners. True politeness lies in a favorable attitude towards people.

Polite people are well-mannered people who follow the rules of behavior accepted in society. A polite person is polite, attentive. It is easy to establish contact with him and maintain it. Polite words lift people's spirits, speak about the speaker's respect for the interlocutor, about his tact, sensitivity, and willingness to provide a service to those who need it.

Politeness is a moral characteristic for which treating people has become an everyday norm of behavior and a habitual way of treating others.

The word "politeness" is derived from the word polite. This is an Old Russian derivative using the suffix - ьliv- (modern -liv-) from the now uncommon “vezha” - “expert”, derived through the suffix -j- otvet ti - “to know”; di>f.

Antique vezha back in the 16th century it meant “a person who knows how to behave.” It comes from Old Russian own , that is, “to know.” A polite person, as opposed to an impolite person, is one who has knowledge, “awareness” or “weight” and behaves in accordance with it.

To be polite means to be able to behave and have good manners. It means connecting with people in a way that makes them feel cared for, loved, valued and respected. Many people only behave politely around strangers because they want to make a good impression. But true politeness lies in being polite to everyone at all times. When you are polite, people are polite to you.

Politeness promotes communication with people. Polite words generate warmth of the soul:

When you want to say a word,

My friend, think - don’t rush,

It can be harsh

It was born from the warmth of the soul.

Question: What kind of polite words does the warmth of the soul give birth to?

Questionnaire "Politeness"

1. List polite words that you know 1)__________________________ 2) _________________________ 3)__________________________ 4) _________________________ 5)__________________________ 6) _________________________

Teacher: (slide 4)

The most common polite words that exist in our communication:

Hello!

Please.

Be kind.
Sorry.
Good morning!
Thank you.
Good night!
Please.
Good afternoon
Goodbye!
Good evening!
Tell me, what time is it?
Sorry to bother you.

The history of the origin of polite words.

Student 1:

THANK YOU.

In ancient times, when they wanted to thank a person for a good deed, they said to him:

God bless you!

“God bless” turned into a short thank you. You should never forget this word. There is even a proverb: “Don’t be sorry for your thanks!”

If by word or deed

Did anyone help you?

Don't be shy loudly, boldly

Say: “THANK YOU!”

Student 2:

PLEASE.

For a long time, the word “to favor” meant to pay attention, respect, show respect. Hence another, related word – “to grant”, that is, to respond to a request, to bestow attention.

The word “please” contains a respectful request, reciprocal attention, gratitude, and respect:

If you ask for anything,

Don't forget first

Open your lips

And say: “PLEASE!”

Student 3:

SORRY.

If someone caused trouble or inconvenience to someone, without meaning to, inadvertently, he asked to forgive him, not to hold a grudge, not to blame and said: “Sorry!” That is, “take the blame off me”:

If you accidentally offended someone

Or stepped on your foot accidentally,

Just don't be silent, just don't moo,

Don’t wait too long, say: “SORRY!”

Student 4:

HELLO.

Hello - which is used as a phrase in. However, the actual meaning of the word is wish. Just like “I wish you good health,” it has been customary since ancient times and was considered a gesture of respect when greeting. The expression comes from the word “hello” - to be healthy, to exist safely:

What is hello? - The best of words,

Because Hello- So, be healthy!

Remember the rule. You know - repeat.

Be the first to say this to your elders!

The teacher sums up the results of the preliminary survey of class students

Questionnaire “How often do you say polite words”(slides 5-7)
Word

The teacher and the students in the class draw a conclusion.

Student:
Oh, how we need polite words!

We have been convinced of this more than once.

Or maybe it’s not words – it’s deeds that are important?

Deeds are deeds, and words are words.

Teacher:

In order for each of us to become polite, it is necessary to follow the following rules (together with students, draw up rules of politeness ( slide 8-9)):

Politeness shows how you treat other people.

A polite person does not cause trouble or offense to another.

A polite person is friendly and considerate of others.

A polite person always says hello and goodbye. It is impolite not to return a greeting.

You should greet adults first, but you cannot extend your hand yourself. When greeting, you need to look into the face of the person you are greeting.

Be polite with your comrades: do not give them nicknames and nicknames; when talking, do not shout.

In games, don't be rude, don't shout. Don’t argue with your friend over trifles, don’t quarrel, try to work and play together.

A polite person does not respond to rudeness with rudeness.

You must be polite in words, in tone, in gestures, in actions. Polite words spoken in a rude voice or in a cheeky tone cease to be polite.

So let's learn to be polite. Speak good words to each other and you will hear only good things in return.

Students sing the song “If You Are Polite”

And if you are polite, then while sitting in class, you and your friend will not chatter like two magpies.
And if you are polite, you will help your mother and offer her help without asking - that is, yourself.
And if you are polite, then in a conversation with your aunt and grandfather and grandmother you will not interrupt them.
And if you are polite, then you will not take Nekrasov and Gogol from the library forever.
And if you are polite, you will return the book in a neat, unsmeared and intact binding.
And if you are polite to those who are weaker, you will be a defender before the strong without timidity.

The teacher distributes booklets “Dictionary of Polite Words” and “Be Polite” to students.

LITERATURE:

D.N. Ushakov. Large explanatory dictionary of modern Russian language.

Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language: a practical reference book. Z.E.Alexandrova. – M,: Russian language. –Media, 2007.

General explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.

Politeness lessons. // Ice Age – 3. Age of Dinosaurs, No. 4, 2010.

Kosova G.V. School of politeness. Rostov-on-Don: Prof-Press publishing house, 2008.

http://festival. september.ru. – Development of extracurricular activities.

L.Yu. Lupoyadova.

The class teacher's piggy bank. – Bryansk: Kursiv, 2008. – 2nd ed.

RESEARCH

ON THIS TOPIC " THE ABC'S OF POLITE WORDS»

Completed by: Maskaeva Anastasia

1st grade student

Head: Gracheva Kristina Evgenievna

primary school teacher

Leninsk-Kuznetsky

I. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..3

II. Main part

2.1. Polite words and their origin……………………………………4

2.2.Our research………………………………………………………..5

III. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..6

IV. References………………………………………………………..6

VI. Appendix “Memo for school students”……………………..7

I.INTRODUCTION

From early childhood, our parents teach us to be polite. I was interested in the question: what is politeness? Why do people use polite words? Where did these words come from and what do they mean? To answer these questions, I conducted research.

Objectives of the study:

Find out the origin of polite words

Study the influence of polite words on people's relationships

Research objectives:

Study literature on the topic of polite words

Find out what kind of polite words there are, their origin

Conduct a survey of primary school students on how well they know polite words and how often they use them in practice.

Research methods:

Theoretical (use of reference literature)

Survey methods (testing)

Observation

Hypothesis: The tongue will not dry up from pleasant words.

Object of study: primary school students’ use of polite words when communicating with each other.

Subject of study: the influence of words on people’s mood and relationships.

II.Main part

2.1.Polite words and their origin

First, I learned about the origin of the word “Politeness.” The word polite was formed from the Old Russian word "vezha" - expert ("ved" - to know). The literal meaning of the word polite is knowing how to behave.

And the lexical meaning of this word is as follows: Politeness is the quality of a person for whom respect for people has become an everyday norm of behavior and a habitual way of communicating with others.

Among polite words, several groups can be distinguished:

words of greeting;

words of gratitude;

words of request;

words of apology;

words of praise;

From the history of polite words I learned the following:

Hello - this is a wish, a request - be healthy. And when a person is healthy, he is in a good mood, he is cheerful and cheerful. When we say hello, we wittingly or unwittingly wish each other something good. And if there are many healthy, happy people around, then the world around us will be kind and happy. In ancient times, nomadic pastoralists were asked when they met: “Are your cattle healthy? Have you eaten today? And this is no coincidence. The life of every person and the entire tribe depended on the health of livestock, because it was livestock that provided milk and meat for food, skins and wool for clothing, and served as a means of transportation.

The word of gratitude has its own story Thank you . At first, when we met, they said “God save you,” which meant salvation from all sorts of troubles, illnesses, and any evil. Over time, this greeting was shortened and instead of “God save” they began to say “save - bo.” When we say “thank you,” we usually express gratitude to someone and for something.

A well-known word of politeness Please comes from the word “to complain.” In ancient times, it meant to pay attention, to show respect. Hence another, related word - “to grant”, that is, to respond to a request, to grant attention.

Word "Goodbye" meant “take away the guilt from me,” “let me go free.” Since the beginning of the last century, the word has been in circulation "Goodbye". Now in the practice of verbal communication you can hear: “All the best to you, goodbye! "(wish and farewell together).

2.2. Our research

Together with the class teacher, we decided to conduct a study at our school to find out how well children know polite words and how often they use them in their speech. To do this, we compiled a questionnaire and conducted a survey among students at our school. A total of 51 people took part in the survey.

The survey was conducted on the following questions:

Do you often use polite words?

To whom do you most often use words of politeness?

Write down the polite words you usually use.

In what mood do you pronounce polite words?

Do you think polite words affect your mood?

Do you consider yourself a polite person?

Do you think the kids at our school are polite?

results The surveys were as follows:

67% of students use polite words often, to everyone, both adults and children. They do this in a good mood and believe that polite words affect their mood. The most popular words for them are hello, goodbye. These guys consider themselves polite and consider the students of our school to be polite too

15% of students use polite words sometimes, only to adults. The most popular words for them are thank you and please. They believe that polite words do not affect their mood.

18% of students rarely use polite words, mainly to friends and relatives. They say polite words in a bad mood and believe that polite words do not affect their mood. When asked whether you consider yourself polite, they found it difficult to answer or did not answer at all. When asked if you think the kids at our school are polite, they found it difficult to answer.

Based on the survey, we can conclude that primary school students at our school almost always use polite words in their speech, most often they do this in relation to everyone around them. They say good words in a good mood and believe that polite words can influence our mood. I also learned that children have a large baggage of polite words; in their speech, they usually use words such as hello, goodbye, please, thank you, excuse me, excuse me, etc. But still, I think that we shouldn’t stop there, and for this I made reminders with the rules of politeness that will help schoolchildren communicate with each other more easily, be more mannered, and kinder.

III.CONCLUSION

The study showed that the hypothesis “Nice words won’t make your tongue dry out” is true, because the tongue really doesn’t dry out, it’s easy to say pleasant words and it’s pleasant for yourself, saying polite and kind words becomes a good habit, and this improves relationships.

Thus, through my research I

1. learned the origin of polite words
2. proved that polite words are truly special words, because every word has a good effect on a person.
3. Polite words help to lift the mood of those around you, not to upset friends and other people, teach you to be friends, and take care of loved ones. A kind word can cheer a person up in difficult times and improve their mood.
4. Polite words must be used in your speech, and then we will notice how the world will begin to change and become kinder.
5. Made instructions for students with the rules of politeness.

IV.Bibliography

1.V.I.Dal. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. EXMO. M., 2011

2.S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedov. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. M., 2006

3. LLC “Video studio “QUARTZ”. Electronic media “Etiquette. Path for teenagers who want to become cultured people" (CD-ROM)

4. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/

download

Abstract on the topic:

Politeness

Plan:

1 Polite technique

Politeness- moral and behavioral category, character trait. Politeness usually means the ability to communicate with people respectfully and tactfully, the willingness to find a compromise and listen to opposing points of view. Politeness is considered to be an expression of good manners and knowledge of etiquette. Because politeness is a cultural phenomenon, what is considered polite in one culture may be considered rude or strange in another. Generally, politeness allows people to feel comfortable in each other's company and avoid tension in relationships. However, differences in the norms of behavior of people of different cultures and subcultures can also lead to the fact that, as a result, some of those present may feel awkward, embarrassed by the rudeness of their manners, or even perceive what is happening as aggression.

British scientists Brown and Levinson distinguish two types of politeness:

negative politeness- emphasizing the interlocutor’s right to choose in a given situation, using, for example, phrases like “if you don’t mind” or “if it doesn’t bother you”;
positive politeness- expressing respect for people's need to be valued and understood.

In addition, there are studies on the gender dependence of forms of politeness.

Japanese scholars argue that in Eastern culture, unlike Western culture, politeness is not an arbitrary act, but reflects a social hierarchy. There are two levels of polite communication in Japanese, one for loved ones, family and friends, and one for everyone else. In addition, there are different linguistic means for polite address depending on gender, age, social status, degree of intimacy and other cultural factors.

In modern Russian, the word is also used to denote exceptional politeness, courtesy (sometimes with a touch of irony) polites(fr. politesse- politeness). In relation to the reality of the 17th century, the word politesse means “a certain order of observing social etiquette”.

In Rus', the noun “vezha” was also used - knowledgeable, knowledgeable, literally meaning - in charge of life.

Polite - in some dialects, an honorary name for a sorcerer, a healer at ceremonies (weddings).

1. Polite manners

The use of expressions that are vague or soften the meaning, allowing to bring the positions of the interlocutors closer in case of a negative response, for example, “there is a small problem”, “we argued a little”, “I’m not good at this”...
A polite but obvious lie that is not intended to mislead anyone, for example, declining an invitation due to being busy.
Use of euphemisms and connotations.
Preferring interrogative expressions to statements, for example: “You were in the store, weren’t you?”;
- using negatives instead of direct questions: “Have you gone to the store yet?”;
- the use of affective vocabulary expressing concern for the interlocutor: “You weren’t there too long?”;
  - softening the requirements with the interrogative form: “Could you give me this?”;
  - softening the requirements by inviting the interlocutor to comment on them: “It’s not difficult for you to do this, is it?”

Notes

Holmes, Women Men and Language, Longman, 1995
Mills, Gender and Politeness, Cambridge University Press, 2003
Dahl's Dictionary

MBOU "Novoozernovskaya basic secondary school"

Completed the work:

Rikun Sophia

3rd grade student.

Classroom teacher:

Sidorova Susanna Petrovna.

2014

Table of contents

Introduction

Chapter 1. Etymology of polite words.

Bibliography.

Application.

Introduction

When you want to say a word,

My friend, think - don’t rush,

It can be harsh

It was born from the warmth of the soul.

(V. Soloukhin)

Relevance : Recently, many people believe that being a polite, well-mannered person is unfashionable, and that this prevents you from achieving your goals and taking a worthy position in society. We allow ourselves to disagree with this point of view and conduct research.

Problem : From early childhood, our parents teach us to be polite. I was interested in the question: what is politeness? Why do people use polite words? Where did these words come from and what do they mean?

Object of study : words hello, excuse me, please, thank you, goodbye.

Subject of study : etymology of polite words and frequency of their use in speech by students.

The purpose of my work : study the influence of polite words on people's relationships.

To study the issue of the use of polite words by school students.

Tasks:

highlight several groups of polite words;

get acquainted with interesting facts about the use of polite words;

conduct an observation and experiment on the topic: “The use of polite words by students in our class.”

Study and analyze literature on the chosen topic;

Find out the origin and meaning of polite words;

Determine the frequency of use of polite words in students’ speech;

Explore the level of mastery of polite words.

Study plan:

Studying literature on the topic.

Use your computer for more information.

Conducting an experiment and recording the results.

Observing students' speech.

Constructing diagrams based on observation results.

Chapter 1. Etymology of polite words.

First, I looked up the origin of the word “politeness” in the dictionary. The word polite was formed from the Old Russian word "vezha", using the suffix "liv". “Vezha” is an expert (“to know” - to know). The literal meaning of the word polite is knowing how to behave. And the lexical meaning of this word is as follows:

Politeness is the quality of a person for whom respect for people has become a daily norm of behavior and a habitual way of communicating with others. In the elementary requirement of a culture of behavior, it includes: attentiveness, outward manifestation of goodwill towards everyone, readiness to provide a service to everyone who needs it, delicacy, tact. The opposite of politeness is rudeness, rudeness, display of arrogance and disdain for people.

There is a funny story about the origin of good manners.

One day, wet snow caught a large company of hedgehogs on a rock plateau. They found the cave with difficulty. Huddled together - it’s warmer. But those who were in the middle were suffocating, and those who were on the edge were freezing. The hedgehogs could not find the “golden mean” - they stabbed each other with needles, froze, collided, and scattered into corners. And then we agreed: to give in to each other. If you get warm in the middle, go to the edge. And wait your turn again.

Maybe good manners are the “golden mean” that people have found for ease of communication? Established rules of behavior help people understand each other and help avoid conflicts.

Among polite words, several groups can be distinguished:

words of greeting(“hello”, “good morning”, “good afternoon”);

words of gratitude(“thank you”, “thank you”);

words of request(“please”, “permit”, “be kind”);

words of apology(“excuse me”, “excuse me”, “excuse me, please”);

words of praise (“well done, smart girl”).

In S.I. Ozhegov’s dictionary, the word hello has two meanings. 1. Greeting when meeting. Hello, Ivan Nikolaevich! 2. Expresses surprise and dissatisfaction. Hello to you: it’s my fault. The most common Russian greeting has long been the wish for health, although the form of this wish has changed. Epic "goy you , good fellow” - be healthy, live well! Slave and serfthey beat me with their foreheads, they bowed and thanked. The word hello was formed from the greeting “I command you to be well” and “I wish you health.” “Hello, many years” - we find it already in the manuscript of 1057, this is the oldest wish of our ancestors that has come down to us. Even today, along with the high hello, you can find the introductory word in the dictionaryyou live great, interjectiongreat, good health. It is known that in the 20s in the army they greeted soldiers like this: “Great, guys!” Since the end of the 17th century, good morning, good afternoon, good evening began to appear in our country according to a foreign model. Only Russians differed from Europeans in that for them the meaning of greeting was to wish joy and happiness, while for us it was to wish health. Hello is also an old Slavic word, but it meant a call, it is not a wish for good or health. They said: “Hello, let me in”, meaninghas survived to this day: greetings are sent, received... The word hello can be used in conversations with loved ones. In 1824, in the article “On Russian Greetings,” an unknown author writes about how various greetings were treated. "I have the honor to bow - funny, because in this greeting there are two concepts: I have the honor andGood evening,at your service - also badTo your health - a fashionable greeting that set me on fire. Your Grace's health -from the servants' conversation,Vetiquette is inappropriate, andlowest veneration - an all-Russian greeting, but incorrect, it is better to replace it with another:my deepest bow . In A. N. Ostrovsky, most of the heroes greet like this: I wish you to be healthy, hello most respected, is your mother healthy, hello brother, how are you doing? How is it customary to say hello in different countries? In France they say: "Commentcava”, - which can be translated: “How is it going?” And the Italians greet like this: “Withomsta”, - which means: “How are you standing?”, An Arab would say:Salaamalei- kun“, - “Peace be with you!”, an Englishman would ask: “Howdoyoudo?”, which literally means: “How are you doing?” But in India in the morning they would ask you: “Did mosquitoes bother you too much? This night?" Thus, people of different nations in their greetings emphasize what is most important in their lives. For Russians it is health, for the British and Americans it is work, and for Arabs it is peace. In the old days, it was customary for noble gentlemen to take off their hats and bow. The number of steps and waves of the hat spoke about the nobility and position of the nobleman. The custom of taking off one's hat when greeting came to us from knightly times, when two knights, greeting each other, raised the visor of their helmet to reveal their faces. This is how they demonstrated sincerity and purity of intentions. In Europe and New Guinea, they greet each other with the “raising of the eyebrows,” when both eyebrows are raised at the same time. There is an explanation for the custom of shaking hands when greeting each other. By extending their hands, people showed that they had no weapons, that they came in peace. The Japanese are very responsible when it comes to greetings. They use 3 types of bows - very low, medium and light. The most respected people are greeted with a low bow. When Tibetans meet, they remove their headdress with their right hand, put their left hand behind their ear and stick out their tongue. In Samoa, you will be misunderstood if you don't sniff your buddy when you meet. The greeting of the Aborigines of New Zealand: when meeting, they first shout words in a ferocious manner, then slap their thighs with their palms, then stomp their feet, inflate their chests, bulge their eyes and stick out their tongues. In our humorous or friendly speech we can have a variety of greetings. However, the Russian word remains literary and generally accepted - hello.

If you meet an acquaintance,

Whether on the street or at school,

Don't be silent, don't be shy

And don't pretend to be dumb.

Hurry up to say hello

Say “Hello” loudly.

1.2. Please.

Word"Please" formed in the 18th century using an ancient form of the verbhundred , that isbecome and verb"welcome" , which had many meanings: to regret greatly, to have mercy, to thank, that is, to do it for you, to honor, to forgive. The words perhaps and complain have historically a common root with “to regret”, to complain. Therefore, the words “please” and “complain” are related by origin, that is, etymologically. The word “please” can be translated into modern language as be merciful, be kind to me. In the huge card index of the Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 18th century, the word is rarely found and then only in fables, comedies, letters and is written in 5 different ways - from please to please. For a long time, please, against the backdrop of the old, was perhaps perceived in the same way as today I apologize in comparison with the correct excuse. Another scientist and linguist A.N. Grech advised the capital’s residents:“Don’t write please or complain. Please write, for example, “Tell me, please, what happened to you?” And only in the 19th century the word was written, please. It is interesting that back in the 18th century, any address could be used with the particle “hundred”: thank you, hello, please, hundred. This is a strengthening of meaning and special respect for the person being addressed. Over time, it became clear that thank you and hello would do without a hundred, but please, no. Here a hundred simply respectful please turns into a petition: please. Please is always a request, which is why they teach it to a child from an early age. In S.I. Ozhegov’s dictionary please has 2 meanings. 1. Expressing polite address, request, response to gratitude. Please take a dictionary. Thank you. - Please. 2. Expressing the surprise of the occurrence or appearance of something (usually with a tinge of disapproval). I haven’t been there for a whole year and suddenly, please, show up! Confusion about something unpleasant: Ivanov, you are on duty today! - Hello please! Me again?! Simplifications have appeared in colloquial speech. Today this important word is shortened almost to pzhlst - almost without any vowels! Cheers, San Sanych! Please, Mary Vanna!” - terrible forms that cannot be approved in our speech. It remains to point out the difference between Russian and its corresponding foreign languages. The peculiarities of the national character are visible here. In European languages, the original idea of address was “if you like it” or for your pleasure.” Russian thought has taken a different path: not “your pleasure”, but “your kindness” - responsiveness is the main thing for a person who addresses you with the Russian word please. Therefore, remember:

If you ask for anything,

Don't forget first

Open your lips

And say: “Please!”

Modern wordThank you ... is a form of expression of gratitude. The ancient forms, by their origin, sound like this: I will use you, praise be to you, God save you, I thank you, I thank you, I humbly thank you... I will use the meaning of thank you has been known since the 16th century. In the famous song “Don’t make noise, mother green oak tree,” the tsar says, “I’ll give you, little child, a peasant’s son...” And yet this word turned out to be not Russian. As we found out, this is a distorted Greek combination in Russian pronunciation: eis polla eti (many years or wish you good health), that is, God save, God help. When they wanted to thank a person for a good deed, they said to him: “God save you!” There is even a proverb: “Don’t be sorry for your thanks!” Now this is a new word, since its meaning is completely different, because instead of the previous “God bless you,” we say: “thank you.” As such, thanks appeared already in the 16th century. From those times we have heard “thank you, sir!” And in the 17th century, only a simple thank you was known. In the handwritten Moscow newspaper “Chimes” it is written: “and thank you for that!” The word became so independent that it was declined as a neuter noun, and this was the case until the 20th century: “You can’t make a fur coat out of thanks!” Or “What does your thank you mean to me?” That is, the word remained a noun and changed like all nouns. This attitude for a long time prevented the word from coming into use as a particle-address: after all, particles are not declined in the Russian language. In any case, this word was avoided in conversation.Back in the 70s of the 19th century, academician J. K. Grot complained: “The most striking thing in this regard is the word thank you, which, unfortunately, we honor only common people; instead, even the servants, wanting to show off their education, began to use the ugly merci. Mercy and other similar borrowings must be eradicated from our speech.” Today, to use is a dense archaism, I humbly thank you is too formal or prim, and thank you is a common colloquial speech, which also shows your upbringing. In the dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov, thanks.1. Expresses gratitude. Thanks for the treat. 2. In the meaning of telling someone - what. Thanks to my neighbor for helping. Thanks to the rain. 3. Particle meaning “good”. It’s difficult with money, but thank you that my son works. 4. A word of gratitude. Didn't even say thank you. Thank you and that’s it - gratitude for the little that at least exists. Thank you for one thing - working for free, without benefit.

If by word or deed

Someone helped you

Don't be shy, loud, bold

Say: “Thank you!”

sorry has such meanings. 1. Forgive whom (what) and for what. Sorry for being late, Natalya Ivanovna! 2. To justify the guilt with something. Excuse the action of youth. 3. Regrets about the disturbance, inconvenience caused, as well as a form of politeness when asking a question or asking. Excuse me, can you tell me what time it is? 4. Expression of protest, disagreement (colloquial) Walking in the rain? No, sorry. There is also a colloquial form: excuse me, move over - no, it won’t happen, and don’t wait. At the beginning of the 20th century they used the words: I apologize, I apologize. There seems to be no cause for concern. Only the verb to apologize in literature is not used in the 1st person sense. How can you justify yourself or receive forgiveness from yourself? Critics of the time wrote: “It is immodest to say I’m sorry. This is how you excuse yourself. You have to say sorry." This word was born among Russified foreigners. Newspapers of that time were afraid of the spread of this word and wrote:“Let such distortions of speech not go further than the everyday life of merchants and tram conductors.” Meanwhile, the fear was belated. On those same days, Chekhov’s Uncle Vanya calmly says: “I apologize.” Magazines of the 20s of the 19th century almost resigned themselves to the colloquial formula - I'm sorry. And Ushakov’s dictionary in 1935 for the first time allowed this word on its pages, although with a caveat: “I apologize is also used in the meaning of excuse me (colloquial): I’m sorry, I’m late.” This form is not found in academic dictionaries. And now you can hear in the queue: “I’m sorry, are you the last one?” And modern magazines suddenly began to use this word too. Apparently, the process continues today, somewhere in secret depths inaccessible to the influence of speech culture specialists.

1.5. Goodbye.

Goodbye. Today, hello is a common form of greeting when meeting. However, in the past it could also be used when saying goodbye. Yes, yes, don't be surprised. After all, you can wish for health both when meeting and when saying goodbye.It's great! - this is an ancient farewell formula that seems successful today. Letters from the 17th century ended like this: “And therefore I greet you, sir,” that is, I say goodbye and wish you good health. And here are the lines from the poems of the St. Petersburg poet:

My elegant one!

Whatever it was-

Hello!

In farewell, the poet wishes life and prosperity. In ancient times, the word farewell was high in style and meant “take away the guilt from me,” that is, “let me go free,” so that on a long journey I would not feel guilty. Since the beginning of the 19th century, a softer tone has appearedGoodbye . In the 40s, the competition between the two forms reached its limit. The letters ended like this: “Farewell, goodbye!”, that is, sorry - see you! So now they often say: “All the best to you - goodbye! Nowadays they often say: “Bye!”, “Good bye!”, “Ciao!”, “Adyu.” Even the Russian words hello and bye seemed to be just translations from French, Italian and English. It is hardly suitable to overuse foreign words. In general, it’s always better to speak Russian. After all, behind someone else’s word there are other people’s feelings, but the Russian word is both more understandable and has its own feeling in it. The Russian word farewell is not so frivolous; it rose from the depths of the national spirit for centuries, until by the 18th century it became respectful and significant: hello, goodbye, be healthy and forgive. You just need to be attentive not only to the word, but also to the person.“In our lives,” wrote K. S. Stanislavsky, “we also encounter mechanical pronunciation of words, for example: “Hello, how are you?” - “Nothing, thank God,” or “Farewell, be healthy!” What does a person think about, what does he feel while pronouncing these mechanical words? Often he doesn’t think or feel anything concerning their essence, and this is very bad.” And we agree with this. After all, the word itself is nothing. People fill it with meaning and feeling.

There was a shadow on the ground.

I told her: “Good afternoon!”

The sun has gone down towards the forest,

The shadow lengthened a little.

The shadow melted and disappeared, -

Goodbye! See you!

Chapter 2. Micro-study of the use of polite words by primary school students at the Novoozernovskaya school.

Together with the teacher, we decided to conduct a study among primary school students to find out how well children know polite words and how often they use them in their speech.

A written survey showed that students in our class know a lot of polite words.

But observation has shown that children often forget to use polite words in speech. Thus, 5 people forgot to say hello to the teacher when they met, which is 24% of all students, and 8 people, which is 38%, forgot to say hello to their classmates.

We carried out the observation for three days, and then Susanna Petrovna derived the average indicators from the questionnaires:

Survey questions No. 1

1. What polite words do you know?

2. How often do you use polite words?

a) always; c) sometimes I forget; d) extremely rarely; d) never

3. Do you always say hello to teachers?

a) always b) sometimes d) rarely

4. Do you always thank friends and acquaintances for their help and say thank you?

A) always b) sometimes I forget d) never

Survey questions No. 2

1. Do you know the history of the origin of polite words?

a) yes b) not really d) no

2. What does the word “hello” mean?

3. What did the word “thank you” mean in ancient Rus'?

4. What did the word “please” mean in the 18th century?

5. Do you know proverbs and sayings about polite words?

Analysis of the calculation results showed that the question:Do you know the history of polite words? 1 student answered affirmatively, which was 2% of the total number of students. Not at all - answered 38% of respondents and “no” - answered 60%.

Know the meaning of words : “hello” - 66% of students, “thank you” - 44%, “please” -14%. Some guys know the meaning of several words.

To the question:How often do you use polite words? 40% always answered, Sometimes I forget – 52% of students, rarely – 8% of respondents, never – 0%

To the question:Do you always say hello to your teachers? -64% of students answered affirmatively, sometimes – 28%, rarely –8%

Thus, we see that 98% of students do not know the history of the origin of polite words. But nevertheless, students cannot be called ill-mannered, since only 8% do not use polite words in their speech and 8% only sometimes greet the adult part of our educational institution.

Polite words depend on how exactly they are said, in what voice is calm and friendly or rude and impolite. Said roughly, they simply cease to be “Magic”.

Psychologists have found that polite words have a positive effect on a person and his emotional state. Of course, if they come from the soul, from the heart. Only in this case will they play their magical role.

This is proven by the experiment we conducted. We asked two students to make the same request in different forms: 1- rudely, 2- politely. In the first case the request was denied, but in the second it was allowed.

The sayings of Confucius from the Chinese book “Judgements and Conversations” are very useful. Millions of people memorized it and used it to measure their words and actions all their lives. We have chosen three sayings that we think will help students in our class become much more polite in their words and actions.

I don't want to be offended. And I don’t want to offend anyone.

What you don’t want for yourself, don’t do to others.

If you make a mistake, don’t be afraid to correct yourself.

I am sure that if the guys listen to these words, they will begin to understand each other better, learn to evaluate not the actions of others, but their own, and remember “The way you treat others is how they treat you.”

Conclusions:

Words of politeness have a rich history.

Most of the words of politeness are originally Russian, but there are also expressions of foreign origin.

Most students in grades 6-8 use polite words frequently.

Basically, words of politeness are used when talking with adults.

The most frequently used words are: greetings, farewells, thank you, please.

Most respondents considered themselves polite, but not all were sincere.

We need to work on developing a culture of communication.

When communicating with peers, speak polite words to each other more often;

Learn the meanings of polite words;

Complete more tasks on the use of polite words;

Compose dialogues using “magic words”

LITERATURE.

1. Ozhegov S.I. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. M.: Azbukovnik, 2000.-944 pp.

2. Collection of proverbs and sayings. M.: Education, 2001. - 234 pp.

3. Kazansky B.K. Adventure of words. St. Petersburg “ABC-classic” 2008. 250 pp.

4. Kolesov V. In Our Proud Language. St. Petersburg “ABC – classic” 2008. 342 pp.

5. Cool watch. Krobinina N.K. Moscow “Waco” 2008. 275 pp.

6. Ladyzhskaya T. A. Rhetoric. M.: Bustard, 1999. 125 pp.

7. Mali L. D. Teacher's manual Speech development. Penza 2003. 243 pp.

8. Secrets of Russian words. St. Petersburg Venta plus, 2002. 329 pp.

9. Children's Encyclopedia (magazine version) No. 11 2005, editor V. Polyakov.

10. L. Poddubskaya “Etiquette from A to Z”, Moscow: Public Education 2003

APPLICATION.

A. Barto “Yesterday I was walking along Sadovaya”

Yesterday I was walking along Sadovaya,

I was so surprised -

White-headed boy

He shouted to me from the window:

Good morning!

I asked: - Is this for me?

He smiled at the window

He shouted to someone else:

Good morning!

In S. I. Ozhegov’s dictionary the word Hello has two meanings.

1. Greeting when meeting. Hello, Ivan Nikolaevich!

2. Expresses surprise and dissatisfaction. Hello to you: it’s my fault.

If you meet an acquaintance,

Whether on the street or at home,

Don't be silent, don't be shy

And don't pretend to be dumb.

Hurry up to say hello

Loud “Hello!” Tell.

We're walking down the street

We beat off the step clearly.

Let's meet the general

Let's shout: “We wish you good health!”

So much so that there is a ringing in my ears.

Hello! - you tell the person.

Hello! - He will smile back.

And he probably won’t go to the pharmacy

And you will be healthy for many years.

The sun rose clear.

Good morning!-

Said.

Good morning!-

I shout to passers-by

Cheerful passers-by,

Looks like the morning...

Crucian carp.

I put on my goggles and fins

And he dived into the underwater world.

I said to Karas: “Hello!”

But the silent, big-eyed man swam away,

He just wagged his tail in response!

Village.

In our little village

There is a very ancient custom:

Morning, afternoon and in the dark

Those and those, those and those,

Having met, certainly

They say at the same time:

"Hello!"

Please

The Mouse met an Elephant on the way

And she squeaked quietly and pitifully:

- Sorry for the insolence,

Tell me please,

How can I grow up to you, to an elephant?

The elephant was surprised:

- Tell me please,

The mouse knows the word “Please”!

In S.I. Ozhegov’s dictionary please has 2 meanings. 1. Expressing polite address, request, response to gratitude. Please take a dictionary. Thank you. - Please.

2. Expressing the surprise of the occurrence or appearance of something (usually with a tinge of disapproval). I haven’t been there for a whole year and suddenly, please, show up!

If you ask for anything,

Don't forget first

Open your lips

And say:"Please".

"Please".

Helen was sitting on the bus. She was spinning around all the time, swinging her legs, screaming. Her neighbor moved away. She was afraid that Lenochka would stain her coat. And the little boy covered his ears with his hands so as not to hear her screaming.

Girl, sit still, please. “You can’t behave like that,” the old woman sitting opposite remarked to Lenochka.

What did I do? - Lenochka objected. - Just think! Please, I will sit quietly. And she, sulking, began to look out the window. Both the girl and the old woman said the word “please.” But can Lenochka’s word “please” be called magical? Do you often say the word “please” as expected?

Please, I'm telling you this in confidence,

Be kind - and don't expect candy for it.

Be kind - without the game and during the game.

If you can, please be kind.

Polite word: “Please!” We say it in response to “Thank you!” and then when we ask for something. A polite person says this word fifteen times a day. And not only at school, on the street, but also at home.

Please, be kind.

Do not offend! please

To everyone who is weaker.

Let the sparrow not be afraid of you,

Warm the kitten

Pet the puppy

And a moth

Don't drive it off the flower.

Don't offend the midges either.

Don't forget, be kind!

By the cliff,

Where the path ran

Two goats collided.

Everyone knows stubbornness

They stand above the abyss

Not knowing how to be

And you need to ask:

Be so kind

Give way!

"Please thanks",

Without saying a word

We left our son yesterday.

(My son, I'm afraid I'm wrong.)

They took it on the road

Kotomka and kalach,

The horse was saddled

And they started to gallop,

Left home

Nobody knows where

Dear stranger,

And we are in trouble without them.

In ancient times, when they wanted to thank a person for a good deed, they said to him: “God save you.” “God bless” turned into a short “thank you.” You should never forget this word. There is even a proverb: “YourThank youdo not be sorry".

Irina Tokmakova “Thank you!”

Masha knew a lot of words,

But one of them was missing.

And it is like a sin,

It is said most often.

This word follows

For a gift, for lunch,

This word is said

If you are thanked.

But she is silent like a fish

Instead of every “thank you.”

Proverbs with the word "Thank you"

Previously, a man worked for 7 years, thank you.

You can't put a thank you in your pocket.

Don’t regret your own thanks, and don’t expect someone else’s.

You can't make a fur coat out of thanks.

Thank you, it doesn’t feed, it doesn’t warm.

Thank you can't be beat.

They don't give you money for thank you.

Thank you!

We couldn't remember everything

After all, this has happened so many times...

Why do we say “thank you”?

For everything they do for us.

Fish.

The worm was stolen by a fish,

She didn’t tell us: “Thank you!”

She swam away, wagging her tail,

Like, thank you, and that's it.

Two donkeys.

Two donkeys interpreted:

Oh, the luggage is heavy!

Not a bag, but a block!

They feed us dry grass,

And work day and day,

Stomp for thanks!

Dad broke

A precious vase -

Grandmother and mother

They frowned immediately.

But dad was found:

Looking them in the eyes

And timidly and quietly

"Sorry!" said

And mom is silent

He even smiles.

We'll buy another one

There are better ones on sale...

"Sorry" it would seem

What's so special about it?

But what a

Wonderful word!

In S. I. Ozhegov’s dictionary the wordsorry has such meanings.

1. Forgive whom (what) and for what. Sorry for being late, Natalya Ivanovna!

2. To justify the guilt with something. Excuse the action of youth.

3. Regrets about the disturbance, inconvenience caused, as well as a form of politeness when asking a question or asking. Excuse me, can you tell me what time it is?

4. Expression of protest, disagreement (colloquial) Walking in the rain? No, sorry.

Words can work wonders. A word can make you laugh, make you sad, or offend. If you have offended someone or done something wrong, you must definitely apologize.

Sorry!

If you accidentally offended someone

Or stepped on your foot accidentally,

Just don't be silent, just don't be silent,

Don’t wait too long, say: “Sorry!”

Sparrow.

Sparrow tore the spider's threads,

He tweeted embarrassedly: “Well, sorry!”

The spider got angry: “Well, sorry!”

If the nets are damaged, you'll catch a fly.

Little fairy tales.

Excuse me, I was walking down the street and carrying a bag of apples. I ran past Thank you, pushed you under the elbow Sorry, and the apples scattered on the ground.

Oh, sorry! - Thank you, he was embarrassed and rushed to pick up apples. He collected all the apples, put them in a bag and returned.

Thank you,” said Sorry.

In the forest.

The sun rose to the very top of the sky - to its zenith. - Good afternoon! - the forest hummed. A lizard sat and warmed itself on a warm stone. A beetle climbed onto a stone. “Excuse me,” he rasped, “could you move?”

Please,” said the lizard and crawled aside.

A happy time will come, friends,

Wonderful days will come:

The guys will be friendly with everyone, they will stop being rude.

There will be no bad children

The golden years will come

And people in galoshes entered the room

They will never enter.

Goodbye!

When will we see each other again?-

No one will answer in advance...

There are two words left to say,

And we say: “Goodbye!

Sand house.

I built a house out of sand

And he invited the chipmunk.

He told him: “Live for now.

And I went for a walk. Bye!"

Parting with each other and hoping to meet again, people did not say goodbye, but said:"Goodbye!"Sometimes, when parting for a very short time, they say: “See you soon” or “See you later.” And they wish you a “bon voyage.” There was a shadow on the ground.

I told her: “Good afternoon!”

The sun has gone down towards the forest,

The shadow lengthened a little.

I told her: “Good evening!”

The shadow melted and disappeared, -

Goodbye! See you!

The carriage somehow crawls,

A tired horse carries her, -

Bon Voyage!

A tired man walks

He wipes the sweat from his face with his hand, -

Bon Voyage! I. Tokmakova

Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Nizhnelypskaya basic secondary school"

Cultural studies

Research

The work was completed by:

Volkova Ulyana

Vyuzhanina Christina

Koneva Daria

Lekontseva Ulyana

Supervisor:

N-Lyp 2014

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….……… 3

Main part……………………………………………………………..….…. 4

1. From the history of polite words……………………………………………...… 4

2. Our research……………………………………………………….……. 7

Conclusion…………………………………………………………..………………….….. 9

Literature………………………………………………………………………………… 10

Applications………………………………………………………………………………….…… 11

Introduction

From early childhood, our parents teach us to be polite. In the lessons “Fundamentals of Secular Ethics” we studied the topic “Politeness”. We were interested in the question: What is politeness? Why do people use polite words? Where did these words come from and what do they mean? How did different peoples greet each other?

Target:to study the issue of the use of polite words by school students.

Tasks:

· study and analyze literature on the chosen topic;

· find out the origin of the meaning of polite words;

· become familiar with the use of polite words in other countries;

· determine the frequency of use of polite words in students’ speech;

· explore the level of mastery of polite words;

· conduct an observation and experiment on the topic: “The use of polite words by students of our school”;

· publish a booklet “Polite Words”.

Subject of study: words of politeness.

Study plan:

1. Studying literature on the topic.

2. Use your computer for more information.

3. Questionnaire.

4. Conducting an experiment and recording the results.

5. Constructing diagrams based on the results of the survey and experiment.

Main part

1 . From the history of polite words.

We may not know much, but each of us knows about politeness.

A knowledgeable, well-versed person in Rus' was called “vezha”, and it was from him that the word “vezhestvo” and then “politeness” came first.

Politeness- everyday respect and open goodwill towards those people with whom you meet at home and at school, at work and in public places.

And respect- this is a respectful attitude towards people, based on recognition and merit.

A polite, cultured person follows the rules of decency, knows how to listen to others, speaks respectfully and tactfully with people. All these are norms (rules) of morality.

Morality– moral standards of behavior, relationships with people, as well as morality itself.

Among polite words, several groups can be distinguished:

words of greeting;

words of gratitude;

words of apology;

Everyone knows the word Hello which expresses a wish for health.

In ancient times, nomadic pastoralists were asked when they met: “Are your cattle healthy? Have you eaten today? And this is no coincidence. The life of every person and the entire tribe depended on the health of livestock, because it was livestock that provided milk and meat for food, skins and wool for clothing, and served as a means of transportation.

The word of gratitude has its own story Thank you . At first, when we met, they said “God save you,” which meant salvation from all sorts of troubles, illnesses, and any evil. Over time, this greeting was shortened and instead of “God save” they began to say “save - bo.”

A well-known word of politeness Please comes from the word “to complain.” In ancient times, it meant to pay attention, to show respect. Hence another, related word - “to grant”, that is, to respond to a request, to grant attention.

In the Ural Pathfinder magazine we read an interesting article about how people in different parts of the world greeted people in different ways, sometimes in strange ways, when they met in IX century.

A polite Czech makes it an indispensable duty to call himself your humble servant. He usually says goodbye like this: “Your humble servant wishes you good night!” “I kiss your hand!” - the Austrian exclaims and even kisses the hem of the dress of the one for whom he has special respect. In the circles of the Polish aristocracy one could hear the question: “Are you happy?” When meeting a Turk, with a graceful movement, he puts his hand first to his heart, then to his forehead as a sign of sincere affection. Otherwise, an Englishman greets. In a fit of politeness and benevolence, he grabs your hand as if in an iron vice, and shakes it so hard, as if he wants to tear it off. Moreover, both women and men receive the same greeting, and the face of the one who greets remains impassive. A resident of the Scandinavian countries is also serious, he is constantly thoughtful, and when meeting him you don’t need to be scared when he asks: “What are you thinking about?” “Are you living well?” - exclaims the Dane, while the Dutch reveler, bowing, quickly asks you the question: “Where are you going?”

Now let's move to other countries of the world. Residents of Japan bow, taking off their shoes, approaching each other with bare feet. They show respect by baring their legs, just as we show respect by baring our heads. In China, people who meet take each other's hands, put them to their hearts and bow their heads low. When two Chinese acquaintances meet after a long separation, they fall to their knees. Or they ask: “Is your stomach okay?” If any Chinese wanted to bow according to European custom, he would receive fifty blows with a bamboo stick by order of the mandarin. If Europeans express their respect by baring their heads, then representatives of some eastern peoples express their contempt.

In the Himalayas, men are in the habit of turning their backs to each other when they meet, while Hindus grab each other's beards. Most Pacific Islanders have a habit of rubbing noses when they meet. This custom also exists among some northern peoples, and the natives of the Tongan Islands group gently press their nose to the forehead of the person being greeted.

The bowing behavior of the inhabitants of the island of St. seems to us to be a disregard for aesthetic feelings. Lawrence in the Pacific Ocean. If the local residents express their special respect and affection, they spit on their palms and rub each other’s faces. One can imagine what a delicate European must feel if he becomes the victim of such politeness. It also shouldn’t be particularly pleasant when representatives of another nationality blow into the ears of a friend they meet and at the same time good-naturedly rub each other’s bellies. In Lamouzek, the inhabitants grab the hand of the person being greeted and gently run it over their face. It is considered the highest expression of respect when they throw themselves on the ground upon meeting and lightly touch their face with their friend’s foot. This honor falls mainly to the chiefs and clergy. African blacks, when greeting, grab their thumb or all their fingers and squeeze them until they crunch, thereby expressing the sincerity of their feelings. In Egypt, whose climate requires a person to sweat profusely and correctly, when meeting someone they ask with participation: “How do you sweat?” Not asking such a question means expressing a lack of affection. On Socotra (an island off East Africa), those who meet kiss each other on the shoulder, and on Ontse they lie down on the ground. In North America, where infant mortality is high, young women meet and ask sympathetically: “Is your baby healthy?”

Thus, we have become acquainted with a far from complete overview of the various expressions of the same feeling. It is likely that some forms of these greetings are completely outdated and have disappeared. Well, the more curious it was to learn about them.

2. Our research

Together with Galina Valentinovna, we decided to conduct a study at our school to find out how well children know polite words and how often they use them in their speech. To do this, we compiled a questionnaire and conducted a survey among students at our school (Appendix 1). A total of 42 respondents (students from grades 2 to 9) took part in the survey.

A written survey showed that students at our school know a lot of polite words(Appendix 2).

The most commonly used words are greetings and farewells: hello (noted by 36 people - 86%) and similar in meaning - good morning - 7 (17%). Goodbye (said by 22 people - 52%), as well as words of gratitude: thank you (29 people - 69%), please (30 people - 71%).

Unfortunately, other words: excuse me, pardon me, bon appetit, be healthy and others of our age, as the survey results showed, are rarely used.

But observation has shown that children often forget to use polite words in speech. Thus, 8 people forgot to say hello to school employees when they met, which is 17% of all students. In the dining room, 4 people forgot to thank the cooks for the delicious food, that is, 8% of the total number of school students.

Based on the survey results, we can conclude that half of the children consider themselves polite people and always use polite words in their speech. But there are some guys who don’t say polite words at all or rarely use them in their speech.

Together with Galina Valentinovna, we have compiled a booklet “Polite Words”, which, in our opinion, will help students at our school become much more polite in their words and actions (Appendix 3),

Conclusion

Words of politeness have a rich history.

Russian speech culture is going through far from the best times today. Speech etiquette really needs to be actively preserved, soThe development of a culture of communication requires work.

Literature

1. Kurochkina for children and adults: Textbook. Benefit for the court. higher ped. textbook Establishments. – M.: Publishing center “Akamedia”, 2001.-256 p.

2. and Shvedov Dictionary of the Russian Language: 80,000 words and phraseological expressions / Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Russian Language named after. . – 4th ed., supplemented.- M.: Azbukovnik, 199 pages.

3. Studenikin spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia. Fundamentals of secular ethics: a textbook for 4th grade in educational institutions. – 2nd ed. - M.: word - textbook", 2012. - 160 pp.: ill.

4. Y. Alan. How do you sweat? // Ural Pathfinder. - 1981. - No. 1. - page 75.

Annex 1

Survey

1. Do you often use polite words?

a) always

b) sometimes

d) I don’t use

2. To whom do you use words of politeness more often?

a) to adults

b) to relatives

c) to friends, peers

d) to everyone