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VSS "Vintorez" - a special sniper rifle, is part of the BSK complex (silent sniper complex), consisting of a rifle, a 9-mm sniper cartridge SP-5 ( armor-piercing cartridge SP-6), optical sight 1P43 (PSO-1-1 and night sights MBNP-18 and 1PN75).

The VSS Vintorez sniper rifle was developed by designers P. Serdyukov and V. Krasnikov at the Klimovsky TsNIITochMash.

In 1987, the new VSS Vintorez complex was adopted by special forces units of the KGB of the USSR and reconnaissance and sabotage units of the Soviet Armed Forces and units of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs under the designation "special sniper rifle" (VSS) index 6P29.

The new one, which is a group means of covert attack and defense, was intended to hit targets with sniper fire in conditions requiring silent, flameless firing at open enemy manpower (destruction of enemy command personnel, his reconnaissance groups, observers and sentries), as well as disabling devices observation, elements of military equipment and the destruction of unarmored vehicles at ranges up to 400 m during the day with an optical sight and 300 m at night with a night sight.

The design of "Vintorez" is extremely simple. The peculiarity of its trigger mechanism, consisting of a firing pin and two sears - one for automatic, the other for single fire.

The BCC rifle consists of a barrel with a receiver, a silencer with sights, a stock, a bolt carrier with a gas piston, a bolt, a return mechanism, a percussion mechanism, a trigger mechanism, a forearm, a gas tube, a receiver cover and a magazine.

The principle of automation and locking of the barrel is the same as that of the Kalashnikov assault rifle.

VSS automation works on the principle of removing powder gases from the bore into the gas chamber located on top of the barrel under the plastic forearm, the bore is locked by turning the bolt with six lugs. The gas piston is rigidly connected to the bolt carrier. Inside the piston is hollow, and a reciprocating mainspring enters it with its front end. USM - striker type, allows for both single and automatic fire.

The fuse box, displayed on the right side of the receiver, at the same time closes the groove for the reloading handle, protecting the box from dust and dirt getting inside. The type of fire translator is mounted inside the trigger guard, behind the trigger. When it is moved horizontally to the right, a single fire is fired, and when moved to the left, automatic fire is fired. The reload handle is located on the right side of the receiver.

Sights consist of an open sector sight mounted on the muffler body and designed for a firing range of up to 400 m, and a front sight in the front sight. The VSS Vintorez can be equipped with a PSO-1 sight, any regular night sight (NSPUM, NSPU-3), as well as PO-3x34 sights with a special adapter.

Food is supplied from a plastic box magazine with a two-row arrangement with a capacity of 10 or 20 rounds.

The butt is wooden, made like the SVD and equipped with a rubber nape.

The rifle VSS "Vintorez" is equipped with an integrated device for silent-flameless firing (PBS), worn on the barrel. The action of the PBS rifle is associated with an unusual device of the barrel itself. Its front part, closed by a silencer, has six rows of through holes made along the bottom of the rifling. When fired, as the bullet moves along the bore, powder gases exit through these holes into the muffler cylinder, and then sequentially dissipate, pass expansion chambers, a separator, break into mutually extinguishing flows, and are cooled by a grid-radiator rolled into a roll. The separator includes several baffles installed at different angles to the axis of the bore. Such a silencer design, along with the use of the SP-5 cartridge with optimal ballistic characteristics, made it possible to significantly reduce the level of unmasking signs (the sound and flame of a shot).

Shooting from the VSS "Vintorez" is carried out with special cartridges SP-5 and SP-6.
The 9-mm sniper cartridge SP-5 with a heavy bullet weighing 16.2 g was created by the designers of TsNIITOCHMASH N. Zabelin, L. Dvoryaninova and Yu. Frolov based on the sleeve of the intermediate cartridge mod. 1943. The subsonic muzzle velocity of this cartridge (270 - 280 m/s) provides the necessary reduction in the sound level when using a silencer, and the increased mass of the bullet with a steel core provides sufficient penetration at ranges up to 400 m. The mass of the SP-5 cartridge is 32 .2 g, cartridge length - 56 mm. The relatively low speed of a heavy bullet is partly offset by its high energy and lateral load, which provides stability on the trajectory and sufficient penetrating action. Based on the SP-5, the "armor-piercing" cartridge SP-6 was developed. The SP-6 has a bullet with a tungsten carbide core and a powder charge reinforced by 20% compared to the SP-5 cartridge, which allows it to penetrate a 6 mm steel plate at a distance of 100 meters. At a distance of 200 meters, a bullet of the SP-6 cartridge pierces a steel sheet 6 mm thick, at a distance of 500 meters - 2 mm thick, with an unconditional defeat of living targets located behind these shelters. However, it is not recommended to shoot only SP-6 cartridges without the need, as they cause increased wear on the barrel and mechanism of the weapon. For shooting at unarmored targets and for training, the SP-5 cartridge is used. The ballistics of the SP-5 and SP-6 cartridges are different in terms of the height of the trajectory, so the rifle must be sighted separately for each of these ammunition.

The VSS Vintorez sniper rifle can be disassembled into three units (a barrel with a silencer, a receiver with a trigger mechanism and a butt) and, together with a scope and magazines, is packed in a diplomat-type case measuring 450x370x140 mm, and the time required to transfer the weapon from the transport position to the combat position, is no more than 1 minute.

The service life of a VSS rifle is officially 1,500 shots, but with timely care, cleaning and lubrication, this weapon can withstand up to 5,000 shots without compromising the quality of combat.

The BCC rifle is designed to perform accurate, accurate and quiet "bite and run" work. You should not get carried away with frequent and prolonged shooting from it. For the accuracy of the battle, the backlashes between the working surfaces of the working parts are left to a minimum, and after shooting three full magazines, deposits of powder deposits adversely affect the flawless operation of the mechanism. In continuous mode, the weapon withstands more shots, but after cooling down after that, the Vintorez begins to give delays. This phenomenon especially makes itself felt in wet weather, because at high humidity, powder deposits tend to "swell". Therefore, the rifle must be cleaned as often as possible.

The disadvantages of this rifle, according to its experience combat use in the troops, the low strength of some parts, especially the receiver cover, as well as a click when switching the lever of the fuse-translator of fire modes, is related. The VSS rifle, like any other sniper weapon, requires especially careful handling, which is not always possible to observe in combat conditions.

In combat use, Vintorez is an order of magnitude more effective than all known types of weapons of this class and purpose.

The VSS Vintorez sniper rifle is produced at the Tula Arms Plant and is in service with special forces of the Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as the FSB and the presidential security service. In addition, it is exported to the countries of the Middle East and South America, as well as to the USA.

The design of the rifle was recognized as so successful that on its basis they created the Special Automatic (AS) "Val" and the small-sized SR-3 "Whirlwind" assault rifle.

VSS "Vintorez"(“special sniper rifle”, index GRAU 6P29) is a Soviet and Russian silent sniper rifle designed to arm special forces units.

Covert penetration behind enemy lines and, if necessary, the destruction of its important objects, setting up ambushes, fighting terrorists - the implementation of these and other special tasks is difficult without effective covert weapons of various types.

Therefore, in the 80s. of the last century, with the increasing role of special forces in local wars, the fight against terrorism and crime, special complexes of silent weapons for special forces begin to be developed.

One of the most famous such complexes of domestic development was the unified system of silent small arms, developed by the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (TsNII Tochmash, Klimovsk, Moscow Region) in the 80s. It included a special VSS sniper rifle, a special AS machine gun and special cartridges SP-5, SP-6.

VSS "VINTOREZ": THE NEED FOR CREATION AND THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT

The need for special forces in silent weapons

There are samples of combined arms weapons modified for silent and flameless firing, but for special forces it is often preferable to use highly specialized systems. Usually, weapons in silent versions become less convenient and lose their combat properties to a large extent: effective firing range, accuracy, bullet penetration. Thus, pistols PB (PM with a silencer) and APB (APS with a silencer) are of considerable length, in addition, the silencer mount gradually wears out, which leads to a change in the battle of the weapon. When creating the PBS-1 silent firing device for the AKMS assault rifle, it turned out that the propellant charge of the US subsonic cartridge could not ensure the operation of the weapon's automation. In order to increase the pressure of the gases, an obturator was introduced into the design of the PBS-1 - a rubber plug, which the bullet pierced when it took off, and the gases pushing it remained in the barrel and did the work of reloading the weapon. When breaking through the obturator, the bullet received certain perturbations that reduced the accuracy of the battle, especially in the cold period. As a result, the aiming efficiency of AKMS with PBS-1 did not exceed 100 meters.

Therefore, instead of disparate samples, it was decided to create a single complex of silent small arms for special forces, and unified ammunition for it. All special forces of the USSR were to receive four silent rifle complex: pistol, sniper, machine gun and grenade launcher.

Tactical and technical requirements for the VSS rifle

An important stage in the creation of small arms is the development of tactical and technical requirements for it. When creating a complex of silent weapons, this stage was delayed, as customers from different law enforcement agencies often formulated conflicting requirements for new weapons. By 1983, only the requirements for the sniper complex, which received the Vintorez code, were agreed upon. Due to the great need of the troops for silent weapons, work on the creation of a new sniper rifle was started immediately, without waiting for the approval of the requirements for the automatic complex. The task was to create a silent automatic weapon, not inferior in combat power to the AKS-74U assault rifle. During development and some time after its creation, Vintorez was also designated as BSK (silent sniper complex), but now this designation is not used.

The requirements that were imposed on the Vintorez complex were high and sometimes contradictory. He was supposed to provide a covert defeat of the enemy's manpower at a distance of 400 m, moreover, ensuring the penetration of a steel army helmet at the same range. To solve these problems, the complex needed a new cartridge with a heavy bullet and increased accuracy, optical (day) and electron-optical (night) sights.

In addition, the rifle had to have small weight and dimensions, as well as, to solve some specific problems, disassemble into small components that allow it to be secretly transported, and quickly assembled.

Development « Vintorez"

One of the main problems in the development of Vintorez was that in order to effectively mask a shot, the bullet must have a subsonic muzzle velocity, but in this case it has insufficient muzzle energy and effective firing range. Therefore, the designers abandoned the idea of ​​​​making weapons for the already existing 7.62x39 US submachine gun cartridge. Calculations showed that the accuracy of fire with these cartridges, especially at extreme ranges, is unsatisfactory for sniper shooting. Therefore, after lengthy research, the developers created a fundamentally new 7.62 mm cartridge, which received the index RG037. It had a mass of 16 g with a bullet weight of 10.5 g and at a distance of 400 m when firing it gave R50 equal to 16.5 cm (the dispersion diameter of the best half of the shots, that is, the 50% of hits closest to the STP fit into a circle of the specified diameter). This was already quite acceptable accuracy for the ranges at which the VSS was supposed to be used.

The first prototype of the VSS chambered for 7.62x39US received the index RG036. At the end of 1981, the second prototype of the rifle was created under the same index, but chambered for RG037. The new rifle was striking in its compactness - with a length of 85 cm, it weighed only 1.8 kg, giving the impression of a toy weapon. But at the same time, it met the stated requirements for aiming range and penetrating action, penetrating an army helmet or a steel sheet 1.6 mm thick at a distance of 400 m. However, despite the quite satisfactory test results, further work on the RG036 rifle chambered for RG037 was terminated.

In 1985, the requirements for a silent automatic system were finally approved. According to them, silent weapons were supposed to hit manpower, protected by bulletproof vests 6B2 (corresponding to the 3rd class of protection) at a distance of 400 m. In this regard, the developers came to the conclusion that a weapon chambered for a 7.62-mm cartridge with a subsonic bullet speed will not ensure the defeat of manpower provided by advanced personal protective equipment . Therefore, by the mid-80s. designers N.V. Zabelin and L.S. Dvoryaninov (who previously created the RG037 cartridge) developed a new 9x39-mm cartridge SP-5. The bullet of this cartridge at an initial speed of 300 m / s has a mass of 16.2 g, which is twice the mass of a bullet of a 7.62x39 mm cartridge model 1943. The bullet of such a cartridge, despite subsonic speed, has a fairly high muzzle energy , and at a distance of 400 mm is able to break through a 2-mm steel sheet and at the same time maintain the necessary lethal effect.

The RG036 sniper rifle has been completely redesigned for new cartridges. This is how the VSS Vintorez rifle appeared. Concerning automatic complex AS "Val" (the design of which is 70% unified with the rifle), then he received the SP-6 cartridge, the bullet of which at a distance of 400 m is capable of hitting manpower in bulletproof vests of the 3rd protection class.

In 1987, the Vintorez entered service with the special forces of the KGB and reconnaissance and sabotage units of the Soviet Army under the designation VSS (“9-mm special sniper rifle”). The rifle was equipped with daytime sights - PSO-1-1 and 1P43 and night sights - 1PN75 and 1PN51.

The production of the VSS Vintorez rifle was mastered at the Tula Arms Plant.

AMMUNITION FOR VSS "VINTOREZ": SP-5, SP-6

Shooting from the VSS rifle "Vintorez" can be carried out with cartridges SP-5(sniper) and SP-6 (increased armor penetration). These cartridges have the same charges, but differ in the design of the bullets.

The bullet cartridge SP-5 has a steel and lead cores placed in a bimetallic shell. The shape of the bullet provides it with good ballistic properties when flying at subsonic speeds. The SP-5 cartridge does not have a special marking; packing cardboard boxes with such cartridges have the inscription "Sniper".

Bullet cartridge SP-6 consists of a hardened steel core of increased length, placed in a lead jacket and a bimetallic sheath. The bullet tip of the SP-6 cartridge is painted black, and there is a black stripe on the box.

Cartridge cases are steel, coated with green lacquer.

Both cartridges have similar ballistics and can be used in both VSS and AC. At the same time, the SP-5 cartridge has better accuracy, and the SP-6 cartridge has better armor penetration. The latter should be used to defeat manpower in personal protective equipment, as well as in cars or behind light shelters.

Cartridges SP-5 and SP-6 are produced by the Klimovsky stamping plant.

In addition to regular ammunition, there are training cartridges SP-6UCH - for training in loading weapons. On its sleeve there are longitudinal grooves, and on the box there is an inscription "Training".

To check the strength of the weapon locking unit, the SP-5UZ cartridge is used. On the packaging box with these cartridges there is an inscription "Enhanced charge". They are used only in the factory, the use of such cartridges in the troops is strictly prohibited.

DEVICE, OPERATION OF PARTS AND MECHANISMS OF VSS "VINTOREZ"

When creating the VSS "Vintorez", classic design solutions for automatic weapons were used. At the same time, these proven solutions have led to good results.

The VSS rifle consists of:

• barrel connected to the receiver,
• butt,
• bolt carrier with gas piston,
• shutter, return mechanism,
• drummer, mainspring with guide,
• trigger mechanism,
• receiver covers,
• muffler housing,
• separator and forearm.

The work of the automatic rifle "Vintorez" is based on the use of the energy of powder gases removed from the bore into the gas chamber, and then converted into kinetic energy of the mobile automation system. The locking and unlocking of the bore is carried out by turning the bolt around the longitudinal axis. The trigger mechanism is of the striker type of the original design, with the possibility of single and automatic fire.

The supply of cartridges is carried out from a two-row sector store with a staggered arrangement. The sending of the cartridge is carried out by the shutter. The cartridge case is removed by a spring-loaded swinging ejector mounted on the bolt. To reflect the spent cartridge case is a spring-loaded reflector placed in the gate.

Trunk rifles only 200 mm long, chrome-plated, has six right-hand rifling. On the hemp of the barrel there are protrusions with bevels - for preliminary rotation of the shutter at the beginning of its locking. In the middle part of the barrel there is a gas chamber, as well as a cylindrical surface with annular grooves for attaching the muffler body. The muzzle has 54 holes (6 rows of 9 holes) drilled along the rifling of the barrel. They are designed to discharge gases from the bore into the expansion chamber of the muffler. A separator spring of a special shape is put on the muzzle of the barrel. It provides centering of the muffler relative to the axis of the bore. The muffler centering unit was created as an original design, its device is protected by a RF patent.

Receiver serves to connect the parts and mechanisms of the rifle. It is made by milling from a steel billet. This significantly increases the rigidity of the structure, but at the same time increases the complexity of its manufacture and increases the cost. Nevertheless, it is quite logical for special forces to have weapons that are more expensive, but provide high accuracy of fire and reliability.

From above, the box is closed with a lid, which protects the parts and mechanisms of the weapon from contamination. It is made of thin sheet steel stamped. To give rigidity, with a small thickness of the metal, extrusions are made in it. On the right side, the lid has a window for ejected shells and a cutout for moving the bolt handle.

Fuse, which, when turned on, excludes the possibility of turning the trigger, ensures the prevention of accidental shots when falling, hitting a weapon, accidentally pressing the trigger. In the on position, the fuse box closes the cutouts for the movement of the reloading handle and thereby protects the receiver from sand and dust getting into it. Protection against premature shots when the shutter is unlocked is provided by the self-timer, as well as the relative position of the bolt carrier and the shutter when the bore is closed and the shutter is locked.

On the left side of the receiver there are dovetail protrusions - seats for optical sights. The central and two rear protrusions serve as the base for mounting night optical sights, and the two front and central protrusions for daytime optical sights.

The receiver also has a translator for the type of fire and a magazine latch with a spring.

The main mode of shooting from a rifle is single. However, the design of the trigger located in the receiver provides for the possibility of automatic fire. fire type translator attached to the receiver inside the trigger guard, behind the trigger. For single fire, the translator is set to the “Single shooting” position (indicated by one dot), and automatic - “Automatic shooting” (indicated by three dots). You can use the translator with the thumb and forefinger of the hand holding the handle.

To increase the accuracy of a sniper rifle, it is necessary that its mechanisms, when working, affect the weapon as little as possible.

To fulfill this condition, the automatic rifle has light moving parts (bolt and bolt carrier). Another solution was the use of six bolt lugs in the locking mechanism, interacting with the protrusions of the receiver. In this case, the two lower lugs play the role of a rammer cartridges. The locking and unlocking of the shutter is carried out by turning it around the longitudinal axis, which occurs when the copier grooves of the shutter frame and the leading projections of the shutter interact. This made it possible to ensure a rigid symmetrical locking of the barrel bore and reduce energy losses for unlocking the shutter.

Another solution that contributed to accurate shooting was the use of a striker-type percussion mechanism. A light striker serves to break the igniter primer and, when lowered from the combat platoon, gives the rifle a slight perturbing impulse. In addition, such a constructive solution made it possible to facilitate the work of automation. This, as well as a specially designed layout of the gas outlet assembly, eventually made it possible to reduce the “tossing” of the weapon during a shot, which in turn made it easier to observe the results of firing through an optical sight.

Drummers VSS of the first series have a striker and a tail, in which there is a hole for the mainspring guide, grooves for guiding in the receiver, protrusions for cocking and for setting the firing pin on the self-timer. In subsequent issues, the striker was moved to the bolt. The cylindrical surface of the drummer enters the shutter channel.

Return mechanism designed to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position after firing or loading the weapon, as well as to fix the receiver cover. The recoil spring guide, together with the rod, is a telescopic design that provides the necessary stroke length for the bolt carrier. To reduce noise when the moving system hits in the rear position, a polyurethane gasket is provided in the design of the stop of the return mechanism. To prevent the penetration of exhaust gases from the receiver to the face of the shooter, there is a sealing rubber ring between the protrusion of the stop of the return mechanism and the cover of the receiver.

Action spring serves to inform the striker of energy sufficient to break the cartridge primer. The mainspring guide also has a telescopic design.

Integrated silencer is an integral part of the rifle. It includes the muffler body and separator.

The muffler housing consists of an expansion chamber for pre-discharge of gases and a muzzle muffler chamber. A separator is installed in the front of the housing.

The separator is a die-welded structure consisting of a bushing, insert, washer and clip. The cylindrical surface of the washer and bushing serves to ensure the alignment of the separator and the body, the conical surface of the bushing is used to install the separator on the separator spring located on the muzzle of the barrel.

The silencer is put on the rifle barrel and fastened to it with two crackers and a latch. This mount makes it easy to remove and install the silencer on the weapon. After the shot, when the bullet passes through the front, perforated part of the barrel, part of the powder gases rush through the side holes in the barrel into the expansion chamber of the muffler. In this case, the pressure of the gases in the bore and their speed after the bullet takes off are reduced. A jet of powder gases flowing from the muzzle of the barrel enters the separator, which "dismembers" it into numerous multidirectional flows, intensively reducing their speed and temperature. As a result, gases escaping from the silencer have subsonic speed and low temperature, that is, they do not create pop and muzzle flame, and the sound level of the shot is approximately 130 dB, which corresponds to a small-caliber rifle.

The use of an integrated silencer made it possible to reduce (compared to a silencer that is worn on the muzzle of the barrel) and the overall length of the weapon.

A sight block with an aiming bar, a front sight base with a front sight, a separator latch with a spring are attached to the silencer body.

Removable skeleton-type rifle butt (like SVD) is made of plywood. It is attached to the receiver using a lining with dovetail protrusions and a latch. When creating the butt lock, an original design solution was used, protected by a RF patent. The latch provides quick removal and attachment of the stock, and a rigid (no backlash) attachment to the weapon.

handguard Rifle "Vintorez" is made of plastic and is designed for ease of control of weapons when shooting, protecting hands from burns and fixing the tube. The forearm is held by the muffler body, and when the muffler is removed, by the body latch, which is automatically pressed during assembly by the internal inclined plane of the forearm.

Trigger mechanism serves to lower the striker from the combat cocking and from the self-timer cocking, to ensure single and automatic firing, to stop firing, to prevent shots when the shutter is unlocked and to set the machine to safety. The trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver and includes a fuse, sear, uncoupler, translator, self-timer, trigger, trigger spring, trigger shaft, self-timer spring, sear spring and uncoupler. The design of the trigger mechanism is also protected by the RF patent.

For aimed shooting from a rifle and machine gun at various ranges, various day and night sights.

The daytime optical sight of the PSO-1-1 rifle is similar to the PSO-1 sight of the SVD sniper rifle, but with remote scales for the ballistics of the SP-5 cartridge. The upper handwheel of the sight - for setting the range - has a scale with numbers from 5 to 40, with a division value of 25 m, which corresponds to aiming angles for firing at a distance of 50 to 400 m. Since the ballistics of the SP-6 cartridge is close to the ballistics of the SP cartridge -5, the sight scale is used when firing both cartridges. The side handwheel, as in the PSO1 sight, serves to introduce lateral corrections. The reticle has one main square for aiming at the target. To the right and left of it is a scale of lateral corrections, below - a rangefinder scale for a target 1.7 m high (growth figure) with numbers from 1 to 40 in tens of meters of range. The PSO-1-1 sight has a 4x magnification and a field of view of 6°, its weight is 0.58 kg.

In addition to the sight, PSO-1-1, another daytime optical sight, 1P43, can also be used for firing from the VSS.

For shooting at night, the NSPU-3 or MBNP-1 night sight is used. Recently, a new generation of night sights has been created - a series of sights 1PN93.

In the event of a failure of a daytime optical sight or the impossibility of using it for other reasons, a mechanical sighting device is used, consisting of a sector-type sight and a front sight adjustable in height and lateral direction in the front sight. The sight and front sight are located on the muffler body. The aiming bar has a mane with a slot for aiming and cutouts for holding the collar in the installed position. On the aiming bar there is a scale with divisions from 10 to 42: on the right side from 10 to 40, on the left - from 15 to 42. The numbers on the scale indicate the firing range in tens of meters. - 30 m.

On the basis of the front sight and on the body, a general risk is applied, which determines the position of the front sight after bringing the weapon to normal combat.

The placement of the sight and the front sight on the silencer requires, when operating the weapon, to strictly monitor the correct connection of the silencer, protect it from impacts and other mechanical damage.

One of the requirements for new rifle when creating it. - the possibility of hidden carrying and high readiness for combat use. Therefore, the rifle is disassembled into three main units - a rifle with a removed butt and a silencer, a silencer and a butt. The time of its transfer to the combat position is no more than 1 min.

If necessary, the rifle can be carried disassembled to the main components in a 45x37x19 cm case or in a bag. For the manufacture of packing in the case, a detachable wooden model of the rifle was created.

INCOMPLETE DISASSEMBLY VSS "VINTOREZ"

Silent weapons, when fired, to a greater extent than conventional ones, are contaminated with powder deposits. Therefore, after firing from the VSS, you need to clean it as soon as possible. For this, an incomplete disassembly of the rifle is performed, which is done without a special tool.

The order of partial disassembly is as follows:

1. Disconnect the magazine and check if there is a cartridge in the chamber.

2. Separate the muffler and disassemble it.

3. Remove the separator spring from the barrel.

4. Disconnect the rifle receiver cover.

5. Remove return mechanism.

6. Remove mainspring with guide.

7. Remove the drummer.

8. Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt and separate the bolt from the bolt carrier.

9. Disconnect the handguard.

10. Separate the tube.

11. For VSS - separate the butt.

12. Weapons are assembled in the reverse order. It takes 30 to 60 seconds.

RIFLE PACKAGE

Each VSS rifle is equipped with an individual set of ZIP-O spare parts. It consists of:

• ramrod;
• belonging;
• butter dish;
• scraper;
• five 10-round magazines;
• belt.

Stores AS "Val" and VSS "Vintorez" are interchangeable, so the rifle can be fed from both 10-round and 20-round (automatic) magazines.

Lubricator and accessory - from AKM.

The scraper is used to remove carbon deposits from the walls of the bore. He screwed on the ramrod.

The knife is intended for removal of a deposit from surfaces of a separator. Barrel and gas piston. It has two blades: one for cleaning the separator, the other for external surfaces, the barrel and the gas piston.

Rifle stowage includes: a bag for carrying a rifle and a bag for carrying an optical sight, four magazines and ZIP-O.

SHOOTING MODES FROM VINTOREZ

For a sniper rifle, the priority fire mode is single. When firing from a stop, the dispersion diameter of a series of 10 shots is no more than 10 cm.

Fire in bursts can be fired at an unexpected meeting with the enemy at a distance "point blank". Since the capacity of a regular VSS magazine is only 10 rounds, automatic fire should be fired in bursts of 2-4 shots. In exceptional cases, fire can be fired in a long burst until all the cartridges in the magazine are used up.

EXPERIENCE IN COMBAT APPLICATION OF THE VSS AND REVIEWS OF THE FIGHTERS

"Vintorez" was used in Afghanistan, then during the first and second Chechen campaigns. During the events in Moscow in the fall of 1993, the Vintorez was also used by the Vityaz special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Ostankino television center.

In addition to the special forces of the GRU and the special forces of the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs gradually began to enter the arsenal of "ordinary" reconnaissance motorized rifle and airborne units. In general, the rifle has proven itself among special forces and intelligence officers.

“The AU/VSS weapon system is close to the ideal weapon for special forces. Its skillful use allows you to work wonders. So, for example, during one of the close fire battles, a reconnaissance group from our unit managed to “fill up” five people, including the head patrol, while the opposing side began to understand something.

The presence of regular day and night optics, an armor-piercing cartridge and an efficient integrated device for silent and flameless firing allows solving most of the tasks that may arise before a special forces unit. For example, the classic task - "removing the sentry" BCC solves perfectly (better than a thrown knife, crossbow ...).

... With the receipt of the VSS, I immediately handed over to the warehouse all my AKMs with PBS, which we brought with us for lack of a better one. ”(V. Olgin. “What we fought in Chechnya”, magazine “Soldier of Fortune”, No. 8, 1997)

“The sniper of one of the groups had to destroy the fuse of a grenade set on a non-removable grenade on a narrow path. Having made three sighting shots from the VSS, with the fourth he fired the fuse at the base. All this happened silently.(Sh. Aliyev. “Where did the bloody experience go?”, magazine “Soldier of Fortune”, No. 11, 1997.)

"Commander motorized rifle company one of the regiments that operated in 1995 in the mountainous region of Yarysh-Marda south of Grozny, now Major V.L. Mukashov by personal experience considers the VSS a good addition to the regular weapons of motorized rifle units in those conditions. His company operated in isolation from the main forces of the unit and conducted reconnaissance of the enemy with its own forces and means. The company was supplied with several sets of VSS rifles. The commander of the group allocated for reconnaissance - usually the company commander himself or one of the platoon commanders - was armed, in addition to the standard machine gun, with a VSS rifle and carried it behind his back on a belt. When during reconnaissance it was required to hit an individual target at a distance of up to 400 m, a silent shot from the VSS did not allow the enemy to detect the group. This weapon was also successfully used in other cases that required silent and flameless shooting.(A. Lovi, V. Korablin, "Modern small arms Russia". Magazine "Arms", No. 1, 2000.)

During the second "Chechen" war, a sniper from one of the Russian special forces, being in an ambush on a forest path, took up a firing position in the crown of a dense tree. Finding a reconnaissance group of militants, he waited until the entire group had reached the open area. The sniper opened fire from effective range and destroyed the entire group before the enemy figured out where the fire was coming from.

In addition to the actual sniper fire, the VSS demonstrated high fighting qualities in close combat, where it was used as an automatic weapon.

“During one of the search and ambush operations, the head patrol of the special forces group at 5.30 in the morning, about 4 km from locality found three men on the road. It was decided to follow the unknown. Behind them advanced two scouts armed with VSS. Soon the scouts found a group of people with weapons in the amount of about 10 people. One of the militants, moving aside for some reason, found one of the scouts. A battle ensued, in a few minutes about 100 rounds of ammunition were used up from each VSS. Soon the head patrol arrived to help the scouts, and then the whole group. During the battle, six militants were killed, the rest fled. At the scene of the battle, the militants threw 10 machine guns, a sniper rifle, a large number of ammo and grenades, a lot of new uniforms and equipment.

The fire from the VSS was automatic, the weapon had no delays when firing. Shops were used 20-charger from the AC machine gun "

“During the ambush at night on a country road, one of the special forces groups found a car. As soon as he caught up with the fire subgroup, fire was opened from silent weapons (there were three VSS and one AKM with PBS in the fire subgroup). The car stopped during the search, two militants, a radio station, and a weapon were found in it.

From the VSS, 20 rounds were shot (stores from the AU were used). Stores were equipped in order - two SP-5, one SP-6. This method of equipment was used because if you fire at the car only with SP-5 cartridges, then the effectiveness of the fire, due to the low penetration of this cartridge, will be low. For conducting a silent ambush, the VSS is an exemplary weapon "(from the memoirs of a special forces officer).

There are dozens, if not hundreds, of such examples of the successful use of VSS in recent local wars.

The use of VSS and AS in the course of clashes revealed another useful property of this weapon. When shooting in the city, AK or RPK bullets tend to ricochet off the walls, which in some cases can be dangerous for the shooter or his comrades. At the same time, bullets of SP-5 and SP-6 cartridges, having an initial speed of less than 300 m / s, practically do not ricochet. Thus, weapons based on these cartridges are convenient for combat in the city.

CONCLUSION

When creating the Vintorez VSS and other silent weapon systems, the developers from TsNIITOCHMASH chose the only right path: first, the tactical and technical requirements for weapons were formulated, and then work began on creating an armament complex that includes a cartridge and a device for throwing a bullet (rifle, pistol , automatic, etc.). It was an integrated approach that allowed Soviet designers in the mid-80s. last century to make a breakthrough in the creation of silent weapons.

Interestingly, no direct analogues of Vintorez have been created in any foreign country to date, with the exception of the American S-16 (M-16 with an integrated silencer), however, in terms of combat properties, this rifle is significantly inferior to the BCC.

The sniper complex, which was created in Tula, at TsNIITOCHMASH by designers P. I. Serdyukov and V. F. Krasnikov. The complex, which included VSS Vintorez itself ( AT intovka FROM special i - explanation website) and cartridge SP-5 9 * 39 mm, adopted in 1987. The rifle is still used by the army special forces of the Russian Armed Forces to this day.

Ammunition for VSS

SP-5 - a sniper cartridge, which was developed by other inventors, N. V. Zabelin and L. S. Dvoryaninov, was also adopted in 1987.

When creating the SP-5, the good old cartridge of caliber 7.62 * 39 US was taken as the basis ( At smaller FROM crusts). Such cartridges were used in machine guns with the PBS-1 device. The bullet from this cartridge had a subsonic speed of 310 m / s, which, when using a silencer, made firing from a machine gun quiet. At the same time, the bullet had a decent weight of 12.6 g and a design that ensured the effective defeat of enemy manpower at a distance of up to 400 meters. However, there was a drawback: low accuracy of fire. In the 60s, the indicator was satisfactory, but in the 80s it was clearly not enough.

So, on the basis of the sleeve from this 7.62 * 39 mm cartridge, a sniper cartridge was developed with a subsonic (300 m / s) bullet speed, which received the working designation RG037. It had a length of 46 mm, with a total weight of 16 g, a bullet weight of 10.6 g, and had good accuracy of fire. At a distance of 100 meters R50=4 cm, and at 400 m - R50=16.5 cm.

TTX rifle VSS "Vintorez"

Description of Vintorez

A sniper rifle can conduct both single and continuous automatic fire according to the good old principle of removing powder gases from the bore. The locking of this channel is carried out by 6 lugs of a rotary longitudinally sliding bolt. There is a double-action flag type safety, similar to a rifle safety. SVD: it locks the trigger and limits the action of the bolt carrier. Butt at VSS "Vintorez"- skeletal type, detachable and made of wood. The entire rifle for concealed carrying and transportation can be disassembled and folded into a case.

The magazine of a box-type rifle has a capacity of 10 rounds (but a magazine from a machine gun is also suitable AS VAL for 20 rounds), made of plastic. The rifle is equipped with sighting devices of an open type: a front sight and a sector sight located on the silencer body. For sniper shooting during the day, the PSO-1 sight is used, and for night shooting, the ESPU-3.

The entire barrel ahead of the forearm is covered by an integrated silencer.

The silencer operates as follows: after the shot, when the bullet passes through the front of the barrel, part of the powder gases rush through six rows of transverse holes in the barrel into the expansion chamber of the silencer. In this case, the pressure of the powder gases in the bore and their speed are reduced. A jet of powder gases flowing from the muzzle of the barrel enters the separator, which "dismembers" it into numerous multidirectional flows, intensively reducing their speed and temperature. As a result, gases flowing from the muffler have subsonic speed and low temperature, which does not create pop and muzzle flame, and the shot becomes almost silent. The use of an integrated silencer made it possible to reduce, in comparison with a silencer that is worn on the muzzle of the barrel, the overall length of the weapon.

Disassembly-assembly of the special sniper rifle VSS "Vintorez"

Weapons of the VSS and AC types, have an expansion type silencer, and during firing are subject to heavy contamination with powder deposits. For cleaning and lubrication, as well as elimination of minor malfunctions of the VSS and AC, they are partially disassembled. It is carried out without the use of a special tool and is similar for both types of weapons in terms of operations, with the exception of separating and attaching the butt of a rifle. The order of incomplete disassembly of the VSS and AC:

1. Disconnect the magazine (holding the rifle with the forearm with your left hand, grasp the magazine with your right hand, press the latch and, moving the lower part of the magazine forward, separate it from the weapon), remove the weapon from the safety and, moving the bolt frame back, check if there is a cartridge in the chamber. Release the shutter, make a control trigger release from the combat platoon.
2. Prepare accessories.
3. Grasping the forearm with your left hand, with your index finger, drown the latch of the body, with your right hand, turn the silencer clockwise, and, pushing it forward, separate it from the weapon.
4. Having pressed the separator latch with a screwdriver, push the separator into the housing with your finger and then, pushing it with a ramrod, separate it from the housing. Separate the separator spring by sliding it forward along the barrel.
5. Drown the latch of the receiver cover, press the protrusion of the stop of the return mechanism with your finger and, lifting the rear end of the cover, separate it from the receiver.
6. While holding the rifle, move the stop of the return mechanism forward until its protrusion leaves the groove of the receiver; lifting the stop, remove the mechanism from the channel of the bolt carrier.
7. While holding the rifle, move the guide forward until it exits the receiver socket, then remove it while holding the firing pin.
8. Pull the drummer back until it stops and, lifting it, separate it from the receiver.
9. Pull the bolt carrier with the bolt back until it stops and move it upwards to separate them from the receiver.
10. Holding the bolt carrier in a vertical position, while lifting and simultaneously turning the bolt clockwise, remove it from the bolt carrier.
11. Having sunk the latch of the body with your thumb, remove the forearm, moving it forward.
12. Turning the tube clockwise until the projection of the box aligns with the slot on the receiver, separate it from the barrel, moving it back.
13. For separating the butt of a VSS rifle – sink the butt lock and, moving the butt back, separate it from the receiver.