International organizations and bodies. United Nations

3. Why is resolution 1540 (2004) relevant to states that do not possess weapons of mass destruction?

4. What is the special value of resolution 1540 (2004) when most States already have international obligations in the field of non-proliferation, for example, under the Non-Proliferation Treaty, the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention?

5. How does resolution 1540 (2004) relate to counter-terrorism efforts?

6. What is the 1540 Committee (2004) and how do the Committee and its experts function?

The 1540 Committee is a subsidiary body of the Security Council and consists of all 15 current members of the Council. The mandate and scope of the 1540 Committee derive from the resolution and subsequent resolutions, in particular resolutions , and , as well as the programs of work that the Chairman of the 1540 Committee presents to the President of the Security Council. The Ninth Program of Work, which covered the period from January 2010 to 31 January 2011, provided that the Committee was to establish and subsequently maintain working groups on the following issues:

• monitoring and national implementation;
• help;
• cooperation with international organizations, including the committees of the Security Council established by resolutions and ;
• transparency and working with the media.

The working groups are open to all members of the Committee established by resolution .

The 1540 Committee is assisted by a panel of experts. Experts and their coordinator are appointed General Secretary after their nominations have been approved by the Committee. Up to nine experts may be appointed in accordance with the resolution. The 1540 Committee and its panel of experts are supported by the United Nations Department of Political Affairs (DPA) and the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA).

7. Is the 1540 Committee (2004) a sanctions committee? Does the 1540 Committee conduct any investigations or proceedings?

The 1540 Committee is not a sanctions committee. It is not involved in any investigation or prosecution of alleged violations of non-proliferation obligations. The 1540 Committee and its group of experts are committed to working with the international community to promote the implementation of the resolution by all nations.

8. What is the relationship between the 1540 Committee and other committees of the Security Council in the field of combating terrorism?

This question concerns three subsidiary bodies of the Security Council: the Committee on Al-Qaida and Associated Individuals and Entities, the Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) and the 1540 Committee, which were established by resolutions , and , respectively. These committees have different mandates and structures (see http://www..
pdf).

The Security Council strongly encourages these committees to cooperate in their respective areas of work, as they are part of the overall United Nations counter-terrorism structure. In particular, resolutions , and reaffirm the need to strengthen ongoing cooperation between the 1540 Committee and these other subsidiary bodies, including “through increased information exchange, coordinated organization of country visits within their respective mandates, technical assistance and other matters relating to all three committees.

The committees hold periodic joint briefings for the Security Council, which provide States with the opportunity to comment on the work of the committees and cooperation between them.

The 1540 Committee has established a working group that, inter alia, deals with issues of cooperation with the Security Council committees established by resolutions and .

9. What role do international, regional and subregional organizations play in the implementation of the resolution, and what is the Committee's relationship with them?

International, regional and sub regional organizations, especially organizations concerned with disarmament and the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, can play a vital role in assisting their member states in implementing the resolution through their respective programmes. Among such organizations should be noted the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Organization for the Prohibition chemical weapons(OPCW) and the Implementation Support Unit of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (ISU-BTWC). Others include World Organization(WHO), the World Customs Organization (WCO) and the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL).

For example, the IAEA assists states in establishing and maintaining effective national regimes for ensuring nuclear safety, and helps to ensure the safety of nuclear and other radioactive materials throughout the world during their use, storage and transportation. In addition, the IAEA promotes the application of appropriate international documents such as the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and its amendment adopted in 2005, and the IAEA Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources.

The 1540 Committee has developed working relationships with various international and regional organizations and will continue to deepen these relationships, including through the establishment of additional formal and informal collaboration mechanisms to facilitate the exchange of information on good practices and lessons learned, the development and implementation of standards, and the identification of needs for assistance and identification of assistance programs.

In accordance with its program of work, the working group of the 1540 Committee on cooperation with international organizations, including committees of the Security Council established by resolutions and , interacts with relevant organizations through briefings and expert visits.

10. How does the Committee encourage States to implement the resolution?

The Committee seeks to promote the implementation of the resolution through dialogue, advocacy, assistance and cooperation. As part of this effort, it uses a number of tools, including the 1540 Committee Matrix, a standard request for assistance form, workshops and events relevant to the implementation of the resolution, and its website containing relevant information (see below). list of outreach activities).

Outreach activities provide participating States with an opportunity to share national experiences and information on different approaches to implementing the resolution. These activities also contribute to strengthening cooperation between individual states and the 1540 Committee through bilateral consultations and discussions on further actions, such as voluntary national plans action to implement the resolution to promote capacity building at the national and regional levels.

11. What is the matrix table of the 1540 Committee (2004), and what do the symbols “X” and “?” used in it mean?

The 1540 Matrix is ​​a tool used by the 1540 Committee to record the steps that States have taken or plan to take to fulfill their obligations under the resolution. The information provided in the matrix comes from States and intergovernmental organizations. The matrix covers the requirements of the resolution and can help States identify areas where further action is needed. The matrix is ​​used by the 1540 Committee and its experts as a basis for dialogue and assistance.

An "X" in any data field indicates that the government has taken the appropriate action and provided specific guidance on the applicable regulatory framework or executive decision. It does not constitute confirmation by the 1540 Committee that the State has fulfilled its respective obligations. A “?” in any data field indicates that there are questions about the applicability or existence of relevant laws.

A gap in any data field means only that the State concerned has not provided information to the Committee or that it has not been able to locate such information.

12. Which control lists can be referred to when exercising export controls?

The Committee does not approve any control lists and does not require states to adopt them. Each State may adopt such lists of materials, substances and technologies as it considers appropriate. The Committee recognizes that, within a number of international conventions, intergovernmental organizations and multilateral or regional agreements or arrangements, lists of dual-use goods have already been adopted and are in the public domain.

13. How often do States have to report to the Committee?

States were invited to submit to the Committee a first report on the steps they have taken or intend to take to implement the resolution. Subsequent resolutions called on States that had not yet submitted their first report to do so without delay, and encouraged States that had already submitted reports to provide additional information at any time or at the request of the 1540 Committee. As of 1 January 2017 172 States and one regional organization submitted their first reports to the Committee, and 108 of them provided additional information (see page “ » on the Committee's website). States are not required to enact all relevant laws and measures prior to reporting to the 1540 Committee. In addition, States may include in their reports a request for assistance to help implement the resolution.

14. What assistance can you expect?

In operative paragraph 7 of the resolution, the Security Council recognized that "certain States may require assistance in implementing" the resolution and invited States to provide such assistance in response to specific requests. The 1540 Committee provides technical expertise to States in the preparation of their reports to the Committee, the preparation of requests for assistance and the planning of implementation activities, but only to the extent that its resources or the voluntary contributions it receives allow. However, there are many other sources of assistance that States can use to implement the resolution. In many cases, states rely on assistance programs that existed prior to the adoption of the resolution, such as those of the IAEA and the OPCW, programs offered by individual states, and even assistance programs provided by private foundations and non-governmental organizations that directly deal with certain obligations under the resolution. . In addition, some entities have developed new assistance programs specifically designed to implement the resolution. The 1540 Committee website has about proposals of other states for assistance and about assistance programs implemented by international organizations or other structures.

15. What is the mechanism for seeking proposals in response to requests for assistance?

In operative paragraph 7 of the resolution, the Security Council calls on States to provide assistance “in response to specific requests” from other States. Currently, States notify the 1540 Committee of their requests or proposals in a formal communication addressed to the Chairman of the 1540 Committee or include them in reports to the 1540 Committee. In addition, the 1540 Committee recognizes that a number of States and international structures implement several relevant assistance programs. The 1540 Committee also acts as a "clearing house" for applications and proposals, posting proposals on its website and submitting requests for assistance directly to those entities offering assistance, as well as posting on the website. As part of its outreach activities, the 1540 Committee also encourages States to submit proposals and be as specific as possible, and has developed a .

16. What is the relationship between capacity building in the context of resolution 1540 (2004) and development?

In addition to the assistance offered by other States to help implement the resolution, many States are interested in building capacity in areas they consider to be priorities, in particular in the area of ​​development. The report from the 2009 Comprehensive Review of Implementation of the Resolution stated that the 1540 Committee should consider combining the implementation of the responsibilities set out in the resolution with broader national goals. Assistance that States and international organizations may provide for the implementation of the resolution may complement or support capacity building, for example, in the areas of border and customs control, technical and physical security transport and delivery of public health services. In addition, projects to implement the resolution can be built into existing development programs aimed at strengthening national infrastructure, including after conflicts or natural disasters.

A significant role in the process of combating crime is played by the activities of various international organizations and bodies (UN, Shanghai Organization cooperation, Interpol, international criminal justice bodies, etc.). The main sources of their functioning are constituent documents (for example, the Charter of Interpol, the Rome Statute of the ICC).

United Nations

Within the framework of the UN, the main issues of cooperation between states in the fight against crime are considered at the sessions of the UN General Assembly, in addition, this topic is also dealt with United Nations Security Council and United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). At the same time, it should be noted that the fight against crime is primarily the task of the competent authorities of sovereign states, while the UN acts as a kind of coordinator of the activities of states on a global scale, i.e. at the international level, facilitating their cooperation to make it more effective.

In 1992, as a subsidiary functional body of ECOSOC, was established Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice , replacing the Committee for the Prevention and Control of Crime, which had been in operation since 1950. The Commission contributes to the implementation of the adopted General Assembly United Nations in 1991. United Nations Program on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.

The Commission coordinates and facilitates the cooperation of states in combating such types of crimes as legalization of proceeds from crime, kidnapping and human trafficking, corruption; explores new trends in transnational organized crime.

Since 1992, the Commission has held sessions once a year in Vienna. At the 20th session, which took place in April 2011, its participants discussed the scope of the problems of the illegal use of new technologies for the abuse and exploitation of children, reviewed the situation with the implementation of international instruments on the prevention of terrorism, exchanged experience in addressing the threats posed by transnational organized crime, corruption and arms trafficking.

The tasks of the Commission also include determining the range of issues that it is advisable to submit for discussion by states within the framework of the UN Congress convened every five years on the prevention of crime and the treatment of offenders. At the XII Congress, held on April 12-19, 2010 in Brazil, the draft Salvador Declaration was adopted, which reflects the main modern approaches of states to combating crime.

plays an important role in combating crime United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), which assists Member States in countering the threats posed by transnational organized crime, corruption and terrorism, as well as crime prevention and criminal justice.

Through its programs on drugs, UNODC provides leadership for all UN drug control activities. It helps to prevent events that could exacerbate the problem of drug production and smuggling and addiction; assists governments in establishing drug control structures and strategies; provides technical assistance in drug control; contributes to the implementation of agreements in this area and functions as a world center of expertise and data repository. UNODC includes the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Center for International Crime Prevention (CICC).

Currently, as already noted, UNODC is implementing: World Program Anti-Corruption Initiative, UN Global Initiative to Combat Trafficking in Persons, Global Program against Terrorism, Global Program against Money Laundering, Global Organized Crime Research.

The Office works closely with the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI).

A significant contribution to the fight against terrorism is made by structural bodies created under UN Security Council.

Al-Qaeda and Taliban Sanctions Committee was established by the Security Council on 15 October 1999 to oversee the implementation of sanctions against Taliban-controlled Afghanistan in connection with its support for Osama bin Laden.

Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) was established by UN Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001), adopted unanimously on September 28, 2001, immediately after the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States.

The Committee, which includes all 15 members of the UN Security Council, was tasked with overseeing the implementation of resolution 1373 (2001), which calls on countries to take a series of measures aimed at strengthening their legal and institutional capacity to combat terrorism in their own countries. at home, in their regions and around the world.

Committee of 1540 (but to control the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction) is a subsidiary body of the UN Security Council, consisting of 15 member states that are members of this moment to the Security Council. The Committee's mandate and terms of reference derive from resolution 1540 (2004) and subsequent resolutions 1673 (2006) and 1810 (2008) and the programs of work submitted to the President of the United Nations Security Council by the Chairman of the 1540 Committee.

Working group established pursuant to United Nations Security Council resolution 1566 (2004) to consider and make recommendations to the Council on practical measures to be applied to individuals, groups or entities involved in or associated with terrorist activities, in addition to those specified by the Sanctions Committee against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

In addition to the specialized international organizations of the United Nations on combating crime and criminal justice, IMO, ICAO, IAEA, ILO, UNESCO contribute to ensuring interstate cooperation in the field of combating crime. For example, the IMO has adopted most of the recommendations in the areas of combating drug trafficking at sea, preventing the use of ships for smuggling and the unjustified detention or confiscation of ships. Within the framework of the IMO, in 1997, guidelines were developed to prevent and suppress the smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors on board ships in international maritime transport. ICAO prepared the Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection, which was adopted in 1991 and signed by 79 states. In addition to ICAO, other organizations are involved in the fight against international crime. specialized institutions United Nations, as well as many intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations.

Mr. Chairman,

We are grateful to the Permanent Representative of Bolivia, Mr. Llorenti Solis, for his briefing on the work of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540 (2004). We would like to thank the Ambassador of Bolivia and his delegation for their leadership of this subsidiary body of the Council, their flexibility, their ability to incorporate different points of view into the final documents.

We would also like to express our gratitude to the entire team of the expert group for their professional activities.

Combating WMD proliferation is one of the military-political priorities Russian Federation. As with any other sensitive issues, it requires joint coordinated efforts of all states without exception. We are interested in finding common positions with our partners in order to advance the non-proliferation agenda as soon as possible, especially since the problems in this area continue to escalate.

Security Council Resolution 1540, which was initiated by Russia and the United States, rightfully occupies a special place in the architecture of global nonproliferation. It aims to create a strong legal and enforcement barrier to prevent WMD from falling into the hands of non-state actors, including terrorists.

The value of resolution 1540 is also that it is an instrument of cooperation, not coercion or the imposition of "services". Adopted as a result of the review process new resolution 2325 strengthens the non-proliferation potential of 1540, facilitates the exchange of best practices for its implementation, and increases the effectiveness of assistance to states in need, with due regard for the specifics of their needs.

We presume that the responsibility for the implementation of the resolution lies with the states. International and regional organizations, industry, business, academia, academia, and other segments civil society play an important supporting role, assisting states in the implementation of the specific provisions of this important decision of the Security Council.

The institutional basis of the resolution corresponds to the tasks set. We are convinced that the evaluation of the functioning of this subsidiary body of the Council or the Group of Experts should be realistic. Creation of additional bureaucratic structures around the subject of 1540, limiting the duration of experts' contracts, or artificial promotion of radical but unfinished proposals may create additional obstacles, rather than increase efficiency in the work of the Committee. Thus, one should be guided by the principle - cooperate and do no harm.

In light of the continued activity in Syria by the Islamic State and other terrorist groups that have mastered the technology of producing chemical weapons and are actively using them, the importance of collective work to prevent this horrific phenomenon of chemical terrorism is only increasing. Moreover, it is necessary to act promptly, realizing that, given the dynamics of the situation in Syria, terrorists, including those who have gained practical experience in the field of chemical weapons, will try to hide in third countries.

Mr. Chairman,

For our part, we are interested in strengthening the WMD nonproliferation regime, including in the context of the implementation of Resolution 1540. We are ready for constructive interaction with the Committee's chairmanship and our partners.

As for today's references to the Salisbury incident. In short, we are waiting for these investigations and answers to our questions. I won’t be mistaken if I emphasize: everyone is pretty tired of unsubstantiated statements. The same applies to Eastern Ghouta, which we hope will soon begin to return to peaceful life. And the OPCW experts are investigating the allegation, and we hope that they will be allowed to do so.

United Nation Security Council Resolution 1540

Document of the UN Security Council (SC) aimed at creating effective barriers to prevent weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and their components from falling into the hands of non-state actors, primarily terrorist organizations; reaffirms the key role of the UN and its Security Council in countering WMD proliferation and terrorism. Adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on April 28, 2004 Russia was one of the initiators of the adoption of R. 1540. Nonproliferation Treaty nuclear weapons(NPT), the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (CWC) and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (BTWC) mainly regulate control and non-proliferation of WMD and sensitive technologies among state actors, and non-state, terrorist organizations practically drop out of
their field of vision. Mainly to solve this problem, the Security Council, in accordance with Chapter VII of the UN Charter (“Actions in relation to threats to the peace, violations of the peace and acts of aggression.”) adopted R. 1540. An important feature of the resolution is that its provisions are mandatory for implementation, including and for states that are not members of these international agreements; in particular, this applies to Israel, India and Pakistan, which remain outside the NPT. R. 1540 consists of a Preamble and 12 paragraphs. She lays the principle
principles and mechanisms for coordinated counteraction to "black markets" in the field of WMD and its components and prevention of their falling into the hands of terrorist organizations. In paragraph 1, the UN Security Council decides that all states must refrain from providing assistance to non-state actors seeking to "develop, acquire, manufacture, distribute, possess, transport or use nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery."

In paragraph 2, countries commit to enact and enforce laws prohibiting any non-state actor in any form from carrying out the acts described in paragraph 1, especially with the aim of committing terrorist acts, or providing indirect assistance to this.

In paragraph 3, the UN Security Council decides to all countries to take and apply effective measures in order to establish national control to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and its means of delivery, including the establishment of control over related materials. If a country cannot do this for some reason, then it can be provided with assistance by other countries (paragraph 7).

At the same time, paragraph 5 emphasizes that the provisions of the resolution should in no case contradict the NPT, CWC or BTWC, as well as change the scope of responsibility of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

An important feature of R. 1540 is that the UN Security Council took control of its implementation by asking all states to submit reports on the steps they have taken or plan to take to implement the resolution. In accordance with paragraph 4, the 1540 Committee of the UN Security Council is established to monitor the implementation of the resolution for a period of two years. The term of the Committee was successively extended for periods of two and three years in accordance with SC Resolutions 1673 of April 27, 2006 and 1810 of April 25, 2008. UNSC reports on the implementation of R. 1540.

In total, as of July 1, 2008, 155 states have submitted at least one report to the Committee on steps taken or planned in connection with the Resolution; 37 countries, mainly countries of the African continent, did not submit the first report to the Committee (according to paragraph 4 of the resolution, the report must be submitted within 6 months from the date of its adoption).

Source: United Nation Security Council Resolution 1540 // SIPRI Yearbook 2007. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2007. P. 474–476.

Lit.: SIPRI Yearbook 2007. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2007. P. 460–473; Belobrov Yuri. The UN and the problem of WMD non-proliferation // international life. 2007. No. 9, pp. 91–103.

A.V. Plugarev.

The work was carried out in close cooperation with experienced native speaker modellers: Bakil Ali Hasan Nasser, Chairman of the Committee from Yemen, and Nabila Elassar, Egyptian, who acted as a consultant to the Committee, shared her rich experience in organizing UN models in Arabic, conducted trainings for the Committee Presidium and the delegates themselves.

The first meeting of the Committee took place on April 17 at a training during which delegates could learn more about the activities of the UN, the 1540 Committee itself, ask questions about the rules of procedure and, of course, get to know each other. Two more students of MGIMO acted as delegates in the work of the body: Alena Korkina (1st magician of the Moscow Region) and Maxim Ageev (4th Moscow Region), as well as students of the ISAA Moscow State University, KFU, RUDN University, guests from Algeria, Yemen, Lebanon.

On April 18, the work of the Committee began, and the participants of the conference spoke with the positions of the states they represent, in which they were not limited to the designated agenda, but often also touched upon other topical international problems. As a result of the ensuing discussions and informal debates, drafts of the final document were presented: the first, the main sponsors of which were Russia and China, and the second, presented by the UK, the USA, France and other states. After the presentation of the drafts, the Committee proceeded to voting, which repeatedly ended with the equality of votes for and against each of the drafts. However, to the surprise of all representatives, Ukraine, which was one of the sponsors of the first draft and voted in favor of it, changed its mind and voted in favor of the second draft, after which it was adopted by a majority of votes and became a working document of the Committee. Such a decision of the representative of Ukraine caused a lively reaction from representatives of other countries, but the chairman of the meeting managed to return the work of the Committee to a productive track. The next stage was the work on the amendments: the delegates made more than 30 different amendments to the working paper, each of which was studied in detail by the expert and discussed by all participants in the work of the Committee.

The result of hard work was the final resolution, for which all delegates unanimously voted. The resolution calls for the creation of a single list of terrorist organizations, expansion of cooperation between states in the field of the safe use of atomic energy while strengthening the nuclear nonproliferation regime and control over radioactive materials in order to prevent them from falling into the hands of terrorists.