Verb from the word way. Associations to the word «City. Independent parts of speech

Pregnancy

Most often, verbs are formed in a prefixed way - with the help of prefixes that are attached to imperfective verbs. Prefixed verbs in this case receive not only a perfect form, but also a different meaning.

1. Most large group make up prefixes that have the general meaning of the direction of action in space, but within this general meaning- more private values: under-, at-, before- have the meaning of direction to something, approximation, attachment, addition. Yes, attachment under- indicates approach, attachment to something ( drive up, hem), console at-- to reach some place, connection with something ( come, sew on), console before-- to bring the action to some limit ( get there, sew up); from-, y- means moving away from something, separation. At the same time, the attachment from- means moving away a short distance ( drive off, roll back), and the prefix at- complete removal from any place ( leave, crawl away); in- (in-) indicates the direction inward of something ( enter, sew in); you-- on movement, removal from the inside ( leave, expel); on the- indicates the direction of action on the surface of something ( run over, sew on); With- (co-) is the direction of movement from the surface, from a height ( move out, reset); about- (about-, ob-) indicates: a) the direction of movement around something ( go around, fry, sheathe, get around); b) to consistently stay in the same type of places ( visit all stores, drive around the city); pro- means moving past something drive past the station, walk past the stadium) or at a certain distance ( run a kilometer, swim 200 m); re-- movement from one place to another run over, flip); per- means: a) passing movement to a place where they are not for long ( go to the store on the way home from work), b) movement deep into some space ( go far into the forest), c) movement behind the object ( go behind the house).

2. Prefixes with temporary values:

on- means: with verbs of a certain movement - the beginning of the action ( go, run); b) with verbs of indefinite motion and with some other verbs - performing an action for some time ( look like, stand, work);

per-, with some verbs mean the beginning of an action (smolder, knock; blow, feel);

re-, re- mean a repeated action, usually with the additional meaning "in a new way, otherwise" ( remake, re-educate, alter, reinvest, refinance);

de- means the opposite action of what is called the generating verb ( dehumanize from humanize, depoliticize from politicize).

3. Separate prefixes mean the intensity of the action:

re- means excessive intensity of action ( overheat, supercool, digest);

under- means the incompleteness of the action, not bringing it to the end ( unfinished, undercook, underdrink).

The suffix method for the formation of verbs is used less frequently than the prefix. The most common verbal suffixes -and-, -ova-, -Eve-, -irova-, -izirova-, -nicha- means the performance of an action related to the object or feature indicated in the generating word: to hollow from great snipe, complete from set, scourge from scourge, convert from conversion, fitter from locksmith, cunning from cunning, be empty from empty, humanize from humanitarian, to be frank from frank;

-e- means the acquisition of a feature associated with the subject or feature indicated in the derived word: orphan from orphan, rage from the beast, turn white from white, blush from red.

It is necessary to distinguish between verbs formed from adjectives with suffixes -and- and -e- type blue — turn blue, bleach — turn white. The first have the meaning "to make something", and the second - "reveal a sign".

The prefix-suffix method is the formation of verbs by simultaneously attaching a prefix and a suffix to the generating word.

1. Suffix -and- with some attachments per-, about-, about-) gives verbs the meaning of spreading, transferring something to other objects: smoke from smoke, swamp from swamp, make it difficult from difficult; voice from sound, villager from peasants, cash out from cash, relieve from easy.

2. Suffix -and- with prefix bez- attaches the meaning of deprivation, removal: anesthetize from pain, cash out from cash.

Postfix method - the formation of verbs using a postfix -sya, attached to the indefinite form and expressing various pledge values: humanize from humanize, fueled from nourish, unwind from unwind.

Attachment-postfix method - the formation of verbs by simultaneously attaching a prefix and a postfix -sya.

1. Prefix with- and postfix - Xia indicate a connection, arrival from different places to one: run away from run away, fly fly away.

2. Prefix once- (race-) and postfix -sya point to directions different sides: scatter from run away, scatter fly away.

Compounding is the formation of verbs by adding: half hug from semi and to embrace, self-ignite from self and ignite.

1. Independent parts of speech:

nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
Verbs:
- sacraments;
- gerunds;
adjectives;
numerals;
pronouns;
adverbs;

2. Service parts of speech:

prepositions;
unions;
particles;

3. Interjections.

None of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language fall into:

the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of a noun

the initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
own or common noun;
animate or inanimate;
gender (m, f, cf.);
number (unit, plural);
declination;
case;
syntactic role in a sentence.

Plan of morphological analysis of a noun

"The baby is drinking milk."

Kid (answers the question who?) - noun;

initial form - baby;
permanent morphological features: animated, common noun, concrete, masculine, I-th declension;
inconstant morphological features: nominative case, singular;
in the syntactic analysis of the sentence, it plays the role of the subject.

Morphological analysis of the word "milk" (answers the question of whom? What?).

initial form - milk;
constant morphological characteristic of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, 2nd declension;
variable morphological features: accusative, singular;
in a sentence with a direct object.

Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (Example from: Luzhin's Defense, Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - noun;

the initial form is a lady;
permanent morphological features: common noun, animate, specific, feminine, 1st declension;
fickle morphological noun characteristic: singular, genitive;
syntactic role: part of the subject.

Luzhin (to whom?) - noun;

initial form - Luzhin;
faithful morphological characteristic of the word: proper name, animated, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
non-permanent morphological features of a noun: singular, dative case;

Palm (what?) - noun;

initial form - palm;
constant morphological features: feminine, inanimate, common noun, concrete, I declension;
unstable morphos. signs: singular, instrumental;
syntactic role in context: complement.

Dust (what?) - noun;

initial form - dust;
main morphological features: common noun, real, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with zero ending);
fickle morphological word characteristic: accusative;
syntactic role: complement.

the initial form is a coat;
constant correct morphological characteristic of the word: inanimate, common noun, concrete, neuter, indeclinable;
morphological features are unstable: the number cannot be determined from the context, the genitive case;
syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

The adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers questions What? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the features or qualities of an object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:

initial form in the nominative case, singular, masculine;
constant morphological features of adjectives:
- rank, according to the value:
- - - quality (warm, silent);
  - - relative (yesterday, reading);
  - - possessive (hare, mother's);
- degree of comparison (for qualitative, in which this feature is constant);
- full / short form (for quality, in which this feature is permanent);
non-permanent morphological features of the adjective:
- qualitative adjectives change according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees simple form, in superlatives - complex): beautiful-beautiful-most beautiful;
- full or short form (only qualitative adjectives);
- genus sign (only in the singular);
- number (consistent with the noun);
- case (consistent with the noun);
syntactic role in the sentence: the adjective is a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.

Plan of morphological analysis of the adjective

Suggestion example:

The full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) - adjective;

initial form - complete;
permanent morphological features of the adjective: qualitative, full form;
inconstant morphological characteristic: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with the noun), nominative case;
according to syntactic analysis - a minor member of the sentence, performs the role of a definition.

Here is another whole literary passage and a morphological analysis of the adjective, using examples:

The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, looked into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) - adjective;

the initial form is beautiful (in this sense);
constant morphological norms: qualitative, short;
non-permanent signs: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine;

Slender (what?) - adjective;

initial form - slender;
permanent morphological features: qualitative, complete;
inconstant morphological characteristics of the word: complete, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
syntactic role in the sentence: part of the predicate.

Thin (what?) - adjective;

the initial form is thin;
morphological permanent features: qualitative, complete;
inconstant morphological characteristic of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Blue (what?) - adjective;

initial form - blue;
table of constant morphological features of the adjective: qualitative;
inconsistent morphological characteristics: complete, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative;
syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) - adjective;

initial form - amazing;
permanent signs in morphology: relative, expressive;
inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive;
syntactic role in the sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological features of the verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, the verb is an independent part of speech. It can denote an action (to walk), a property (to limp), an attitude (to equal), a state (to rejoice), a sign (to turn white, show off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what have you been doing? or what will it do? Different groups of verbal word forms are characterized by heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.

Morphological forms of verbs:

the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or invariable form of the verb. Variable morphological features are absent;
conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
non-conjugated forms: participles and participles.

Morphological analysis of the verb

the initial form is the infinitive;
constant morphological features of the verb:
- transitivity:
- - transitive (used with accusative nouns without a preposition);
  - intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
- returnability:
- - returnable (there are -sya, -sya);
  - irrevocable (no -sya, -sya);
- - imperfect (what to do?);
  - perfect (what to do?);
- conjugation:
- - I conjugation (do-eat, do-et, do-eat, do-et, do-yut / ut);
  - II conjugation (sto-ish, sto-it, sto-im, sto-ite, sto-yat / at);
  - conjugated verbs (want, run);
non-permanent morphological features of the verb:
- mood:
- - indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do?;
  - conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
  - imperative: do it!;
- time (in the indicative mood: past / present / future);
- person (in the present/future tense, indicative and imperative: 1st person: I/we, 2nd person: you/you, 3rd person: he/they);
- gender (in the past tense, singular, indicative and conditional);
- number;
syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any part of the sentence:
- predicate: To be a holiday today;
- Subject: Learning is always useful;
- addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
- definition: He has an overwhelming desire to eat;
- circumstance: I went out for a walk.

Morphological analysis of the verb example

To understand the scheme, we will conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using the example of a sentence:

Crow somehow God sent a piece of cheese ... (fable, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech verb;

initial form - send;
permanent morphological features: perfective, transitional, 1st conjugation;
inconstant morphological characteristic of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;

Next online sample morphological analysis verb in a sentence:

What silence, listen.

Listen (what to do?) - verb;

the initial form is to listen;
morphological constant features: perfect form, intransitive, reflexive, 1st conjugation;
inconstant morphological characteristics of the word: imperative, plural, 2nd person;
syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

Plan for the morphological analysis of the verb online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:

He needs to be warned.

No need, let him know another time how to break the rules.

What are the rules?

Wait, I'll tell you later. Has entered! (“The Golden Calf”, I. Ilf)

Warn (what to do?) - verb;

initial form - warn;
morphological features of the verb are constant: perfective, transitive, irrevocable, 1st conjugation;
non-permanent morphology of the part of speech: infinitive;
syntactic function in a sentence: component predicate.

Let him know (what is he doing?) - part of speech verb;

the initial form is to know;
inconstant morphology of the verb: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;

the initial form is to violate;
permanent morphological features: imperfective, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
non-permanent signs of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
syntactic role in the context: part of the predicate.

Wait (what to do?) - part of speech verb;

initial form - wait;
permanent morphological features: perfect form, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
inconstant morphological characteristic of the verb: imperative, plural, 2nd person;
syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

Entered (what did?) - verb;

initial form - enter;
permanent morphological features: perfective, irrevocable, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
inconstant morphological characteristic of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

GRAD, noun. Meteorol. precipitation in the form of ice particles

GRAD, noun. Peren. a large number of, an influx of something

GRAD, noun. Obsolete or poet.; old. same as city

GRAD, noun. Geometer. same as rut; unit of measure for angles, hundredth of a right angle

Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

hail, hail, m. (official). The second part of the compound names of cities, e.g. Leningrad, Stalingrad.

GRAD, hail, m. (Church-book, poet. obsolete). City. Show off, city of Petrov! (Petersburg). Pushkin.

hail, hail, m. 1. One of the types of atmospheric precipitation that falls in small ice balls. The hail has destroyed the crops. It was raining with hail. Hail the size of a walnut. 2. trans., only units. Many (about something showering, striking; bookish). Hail of bullets. City of stones. City of ridicule. City of letters. A hail of your barbs and jokes will break out. Griboyedov.

Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

hail, m. air-frozen raindrops; in the smallest form, groats. Grainy hail, ordinary, with peas; hail hazel, with Russian walnut: hail with pigeon, with chicken egg; hail and verns, not round, as if ice fragments. A hail of bullets, cores, a lot, a large number of frequent shots in one place. Sweat in hail, large and frequent drops, Elijah the prophet beats out hail of bread from those who measure, believe me. Gradina one grain of hail. Gradny, related to the city (see also city, city). Hail cloud, hail, hail, hail, not with rain or snow, but with hail. Gradovnitsa chickens. rainbow? Gradobite cf. hailstorm m. beating herbs, bread, gardens with hail. The townhouse hail cloud. Hailstone, hailstone, about bread, beaten by hail; about time, weather: plentiful hail; | ramming (from hail, city) see below. In the cold spring hailstorm summer. Hail diversion m. a projectile or a device for diverting, eliminating hail. Groundwater, related to this device.

GRAD, see city. The Lord will not save the city, neither will the guard nor the fence. City guardian, city holder, city keeper, city manager, city governor, mayor, city guardian, city guardian, etc. common names chief or senior official in the city; fortress commandant; police chief or mayor in the city. The title of mayor is conferred in our country on the ruler of a city that for some reason is not subordinate to the governor, as for example. Petersburg and others. City guardians, city holders, city governors, etc. personally belonging to them. City guardian, city government, city guardian, city governor, etc., up to the management of the city, up to the rank of its chief. City government, city guardianship, city administration, city protection, etc. title, subject, duty of the head of the city. City administration, position and rank of the mayor, or district subordinate to him. City government, city administration, etc. to be the head of the city. Gradoborstvo, city property or city property, city taking cf. city ownership, the art of taking cities, fortresses. Gradoborny, city building, before the siege and attack of the city, the fortress is related. Gradoborets, city-owner, city-owner m. city-owner, engineer. City fighting, city hosting, managing a siege, an attack. Hailstones, wall-beating, ram, ram. Town planner, town planner, town founder, town builder, etc. founder or builder of a city. City dweller m. inhabitant, city dweller, city dweller. City destruction cf. destruction of residential areas in general. City-destroyer m. city-viewer, who dawns, devastates settlements, cities. City-destroying, city-viewing, moreover, an employee, conducive. Gradosdavets m. who surrendered a city, a fortress to the enemy. Town seller m. bribe town seller. Gradositelets m. old. inhabitant of the besieged city.