To analyze the standard of living in each country, experts take into account various factors, one of the main ones is the life expectancy indicator.

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Due to the efforts to develop the standard of living in Russia, this figure cannot be called high. The average life age of men in Russia today in 2019 is less than women live.

Life expectancy indicator according to Rosstat

The life expectancy indicator is used by specialists to track the average duration of population growth in certain regions, or in the country as a whole.

For the country, this is a special indicator, because this indicator shows how developed the country is, thus it is possible to increase tourist demand, etc.

Because studies show that countries with low life expectancy are not very popular among tourists, even despite the sights.

This indicator shows how long, on average, citizens live from birth to death. That is, you can equate this indicator to the mortality rate, and it also shows statistics for the future.

Weakly developed regions can have such poor health care that it simply does not exist in the locality.

This problem has existed for a long time, and today it is relevant, if you do not control it, it will worsen even more.

Due to the current state of the country's economy and politics, it is difficult to say that the prospect of increasing stability is happening.

Prices for accommodation, treatment, etc. much more than it was in Soviet times, and many pensioners feel nostalgic when they remember Soviet times.

Are there any prospects in the dynamics of the growth of life expectancy

In Russia, the demographic indicator is influenced by the political and economic situation, we can say that these are one of the main reasons.

As forecasts for an increase in the growth of life expectancy show, by 2030, an increase in life expectancy to 73 years is predicted.

The following factors affect life expectancy:

In 2010, UN employees conducted an analysis, according to their statistics, by 2035 the growth dynamics of the average length of years will be up to 73.

However, studies have shown that in the new century, the average age of life for men will be up to 81 years.

Studies have also shown that the size of the gap in the average duration between men and women will decrease to 6 years.

At the same time, experts warn that this indicator will not affect the death rate.

Russia is a large state, and naturally there are more developed regions, as well as regions that are weak in development, so the standard of living of citizens can vary greatly, and this factor greatly affects the growth rate, which makes it difficult to adjust the coefficients of the indicator.

Some experts point out that the life expectancy indicator affects corruption. How can these completely different indicators be connected?

It can be explained by the fact that life expectancy affects people's lives, and hence the minds of citizens, so corruption leaves a strong mark on people's lives.

Experts argue that corruption will exist in those countries where citizens have little faith and trust in the leadership. Statistics show that Russia is in 133rd place out of 174.

Over the past two years, mortality has decreased by 2.3%, so the average life expectancy of citizens should have increased.

You can see a decrease in all major causes of death. Even deaths from road accidents decreased by 8.5%. Progress is obvious, especially in comparison with the past century.

The achievement is to overcome the 70-year milestone. In the twentieth century, in the 1960s, life expectancy approached it, but then began to decrease.

Although the difference in life expectancy in the Russian Federation and many EU countries is large - it is about 8 years.

Video: Russian regions with the lowest life expectancy

Life expectancy is one of the important indicators reflecting the quality of life of the population. The indicator of life expectancy at birth is understood as the number of years that, on average, a person from the generation born would have to live, provided that throughout the life of this generation, age-specific mortality remains at the level of the year for which the indicator was calculated. Thus, this indicator is hypothetical, not real.

Scientists believe that the average specific duration of human life is 110-115 and even 120-140 years. However, the impact of many biological and socio-economic factors leads to a significant decrease in this indicator. At the same time, life expectancy tends to increase. Thus, if in 1950 the average world life expectancy was 50 years, by 1970 it had risen to 57 years, in 1990 to 63 years, and by 2000 to 66 years. In it is 74 years, in developing - 63 years. The main increase is in the young population, in economically developed countries with a low or negative and high proportion of the population older than working age, life expectancy even begins to decline.

There are differences in the life expectancy of the male and female population. In the second half of the 1950s in the whole world, women lived 2.4 years longer than men, in the second half of the 80s. - by 2.9 years, and at the end of the twentieth century - already by 4.3 years. The most significant gap in life expectancy is observed in developed and especially in foreign countries. However, the largest gap is typical for countries, reaching the maximum difference in Russia - 12 years, which indicates trouble in the socio-economic sphere of the country.

If the average life expectancy in economically developed countries has come close to 80 years, and in , has exceeded this mark, then in the least developed countries this indicator is at around 40 years.

Countries with the highest and lowest life expectancy, in 2000

Country	Life expectancy, years
	For the entire population	For men	For women
	80.7	77.5	84.0
	79.8	75.4	82.7
	79.6	76.7	82.6
	79.6	77.0	82.4
	79.4	76.0	83.0

Life expectancy at birth by regions of Russia (expected) for 2015 (Update 2019)

A list of Russian regions by life expectancy is presented: both sexes, men and women for 2015.
The highest life expectancy in Russia at birth for both sexes in the Republic of Ingushetia is 80.05 years, followed by the city of Moscow - 76.77 years and the Republic of Dagestan - 76.39 years. Source: Rosstat.
Among men in Russia, the highest life expectancy at birth in the Republic of Ingushetia is 76.51 years, followed by the Republic of Dagestan - 73.18 years (+1 position compared to last year) and the city of Moscow - 72.96 years (-1 position in terms of compared to last year).
Among women, the leader in life expectancy (expected) is the Republic of Ingushetia - 83.02 years, followed by the city of Moscow 80.36 and the Republic of Dagestan 79.47 years.

In Russia as a whole, life expectancy (expected) is71.39 years, men65.92 and in women76.71 years old.

The difference between men and women (in Russia as a whole): 10.79 years, that is, on average (according to estimated data on life expectancy) women live longer than men in Russia by 10.79

The minimum difference in Chechen Republic - 6.09, in Republic of Ingushetia- 6.51 g. and Republic of Dagestan - 6.51 g

The maximum difference in life expectancy between women and men inOrel region - 12.87 years.

Leading among federal districtsNorth Caucasianfederal district with indicator 74.63 years for both sexes.

Operational information for 2019
New from 10/16/2019: According to the media (according to: "In the eight months of this year, an increase in life expectancy to 73.6 years on average was registered - by 0.7 years compared to 2018. In women, the average life expectancy exceeded 78.5 years. This happened due to the additional saving of 34 thousand jobs. lives. The overall mortality rate per 1,000 people decreased by 3.1% compared to the same indicator in 2018."

New from 09/04/2019:According to the media (according toHead of the Ministry of Health Veronika Skvortsova): " In Russia, life expectancy for women increased to 78.5 years in seven months of 2019, for men - up to 68.5 years.The rate of increase in life expectancy of Russians exceeds world indicators. "To live longer and stay healthy, you need to engage in disease prevention."

Operational information for 2018
New from 04/24/2019:According to the media (according toHead of the Ministry of Health Veronika Skvortsova)“In 2018, life expectancy in Russia reached its historical maximum, having increased by 0.3 years for men and 0.2 years for women, and averaged 72.9 years,” the minister said.

Operational information for 2017
According to the media from 04/12/2018:According to the report of the Ministry of Health " According to the results of 2017, life expectancy in Russia increased to 72.7 years, and mortality in the country decreased. "In 2017, life expectancy was 72.7 years (an increase of 0.83 years compared to 2016 - 71.87 years)." "The increase in life expectancy has affected both men and women. Men: 67.51 years (an increase of 1.01 years compared to 2016), women: 77.64 years (an increase of 0.58 years compared to 2016) ".

According to the media from 12/07/2017: according toMinister of Health of Russia:"For an incomplete 2017, the life expectancy of Russians reached a national historical [maximum] of 72.6 years. At the same time, since 2005, life expectancy in the Russian Federation has increased by an average of 7.2 years. For men, by 8.6 years, for women - for five years."

Life expectancy in Russia and the countries of the world on this . See summary table for 2014. .

table expected life expectancy in 2015

№	Subject of Russia	Both genders↓	Men	Women	F - M
1	The Republic of Ingushetia	80,05	76,51	83,02	6,51
2	Moscow city	76,77	72,96	80,36	7,40
3	The Republic of Dagestan	76,39	73,18	79,47	6,29
	North Caucasian Federal District	74,63	70,42	78,55	8,13
4	Kabardino-Balkarian Republic	74,61	69,82	79,10	9,28
5	Karachay-Cherkess Republic	74,44	69,94	78,66	8,72
6	St. Petersburg	74,42	69,83	78,38	8,55
7	Rep. North Ossetia Alania	74,20	68,62	79,42	10,80
8	Chechen Republic	73,45	70,35	76,44	6,09
9	Stavropol region	73,36	68,61	77,82	9,21
10	Republic of Tatarstan	72,81	67,05	78,38	11,33
	Central Federal District	72,72	67,49	77,71	10,22
11	Belgorod region	72,61	67,33	77,73	10,40
12	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra	72,58	67,57	77,47	9,90
13	Krasnodar region	72,53	67,55	77,35	9,80
14	Moscow region	72,26	67,05	77,12	10,07
15	Republic of Adygea	72,22	66,88	77,51	10,63
16	Republic of Kalmykia	72,15	67,01	77,31	10,30
	Southern Federal District (since 2010)	72,13	67,05	77,06	10,01
17	Penza region	72,12	66,47	77,58	11,11
18	The Republic of Mordovia	72,06	66,49	77,54	11,05
19	Volgograd region	71,98	66,68	77,13	10,45
20	Rostov region	71,90	66,90	76,73	9,83
21	Tyumen region	71,76	66,47	77,01	10,54
22	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	71,70	66,90	76,37	9,47
	Northwestern Federal District	71,70	66,28	76,83	10,55
23	Voronezh region	71,67	65,66	77,70	12,04
24	Tambov Region	71,67	65,90	77,51	11,61
25	Ryazan Oblast	71,46	65,72	77,08	11,36
26	Saratov region	71,40	65,83	76,78	10,95
	Russian Federation	71,39	65,92	76,71	10,79
27	Astrakhan region	71,36	66,10	76,58	10,48
28	Chuvash Republic	71,35	65,53	77,24	11,71
29	Tomsk region	71,25	65,94	76,46	10,52
30	Leningrad region	71,23	65,84	76,60	10,76
31	Kirov region	71,11	65,20	77,09	11,89
32	Lipetsk region	71,07	65,26	76,77	11,51
33	Nenets Autonomous Okrug	71,00	65,22	76,90	11,68
34	Yaroslavl region	70,98	64,95	76,69	11,74
35	Novosibirsk region	70,86	65,08	76,60	11,52
36	Kursk region	70,80	64,81	76,78	11,97
37	Kaluga region	70,73	65,13	76,28	11,15
38	Arhangelsk region	70,71	64,85	76,60	11,75
	Privolzhsky Federal District	70,71	64,83	76,55	11,72
39	Ivanovo region	70,62	64,71	76,14	11,43
40	Kaliningrad region	70,58	65,50	75,40	9,90
41	Ulyanovsk region	70,46	64,50	76,45	11,95
42	Udmurt republic	70,46	64,24	76,64	12,40
43	Altai region	70,44	64,97	75,84	10,87
44	Omsk region	70,41	64,56	76,17	11,61
45	Vologodskaya Oblast	70,40	64,38	76,47	12,09
46	Kostroma region	70,38	64,94	75,68	10,74
47	Oryol Region	70,38	63,96	76,83	12,87
	Ural Federal District	70,38	64,55	76,15	11,60
48	Bryansk region	70,36	64,32	76,37	12,05
49	Samara Region	70,35	64,34	76,28	11,94
50	The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)	70,29	64,94	75,84	10,90
51	Murmansk region	70,24	64,48	75,72	11,24
52	Nizhny Novgorod Region	70,17	64,05	76,14	12,09
53	Republic of Bashkortostan	70,08	64,31	76,03	11,72
54	Tula region	70,06	64,01	76,01	12,00
55	Chelyabinsk region	69,90	63,94	75,75	11,81
56	Sverdlovsk region	69,83	63,75	75,83	12,08
57	Vladimir region	69,82	63,86	75,59	11,73
58	Mari El Republic	69,80	63,52	76,36	12,84
59	Smolensk region	69,74	64,08	75,34	11,26
60	Krasnoyarsk region	69,69	64,01	75,34	11,33
61	Orenburg region	69,63	63,87	75,47	11,60
62	Komi Republic	69,40	63,26	75,66	12,40
	Siberian Federal District	69,31	63,59	75,02	11,43
63	Primorsky Krai	69,21	64,04	74,58	10,54
64	Republic of Karelia	69,16	62,86	75,50	12,64
65	The Republic of Buryatia	69,15	63,73	74,54	10,81
66	Tver region	69,10	63,33	74,85	11,52
67	Perm region	69,09	63,08	75,09	12,01
68	Kurgan region	69,03	62,82	75,51	12,69
69	Khabarovsk region	68,72	63,21	74,36	11,15
70	Novgorod region	68,70	62,47	74,93	12,46
71	The Republic of Khakassia	68,68	63,40	73,83	10,43
	Far Eastern Federal District	68,68	63,28	74,35	11,07
72	Kamchatka Krai	68,56	63,26	74,41	11,15
73	Pskov region	68,48	62,78	74,27	11,49
74	Altai Republic	68,44	62,82	74,19	11,37
75	Kemerovo region	68,31	62,32	74,32	12,00
76	Magadan Region	68,11	63,17	73,42	10,25
77	Sakhalin region	67,99	62,35	74,07	11,72
78	Irkutsk region	67,37	61,31	73,48	12,17
79	Zabaykalsky Krai	67,34	61,92	73,03	11,11
80	Amur region	67,27	61,64	73,26	11,62
81	Jewish auth. region	65,04	59,12	71,47	12,35
82	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug	64,16	59,35	69,69	10,34
83	Tyva Republic	63,13	58,05	68,29	10,24

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Average life expectancy. The number of living can also be interpreted as the number of person-years lived by the entire generation born in the age interval " x ". Then, therefore,

Fig.6.4. Survival lines lx male and female population of the USSR, 1926-1927, 1958-1959, 1986-1987

generation born l 0 will live in the first year of life (i.e. at the age of 0 years) L 0 years, in the 2nd year - L i years, on the 3rd - l 2 years, etc., but in total:

where T 0 - the number of person-years that to be live for this generation of those born.

If this sum of man-years is divided by the initial size of the generation, i.e. on the number of births l 0 , we get a very important social indicator, which is called the indicator of average life expectancy.

Average life expectancy- this is the number of years that one person will live on average from a given generation of those born, provided that throughout the life of this generation, mortality in each age group remains unchanged at the level of the calculation period.

Life expectancy is calculated for newborns (or otherwise they say - life expectancy at birth) and for those who have reached a certain age "X".

In the form of formulas, the calculation of both averages can be represented as follows.

For newborns:

(6.5.9)

Since when calculating the average life expectancy for newborns, the basis of the mortality table l 0 = 1, it can be omitted, and finally this indicator is expressed as the sum of the numbers of people living in the life interval from the birth of a generation to its complete disappearance.

For people over a certain age x ”, the calculation differs only in that the number of surviving to the age "X", the denominator of the fraction is already less than 1 and cannot be omitted.

(6.5.10)

The level of average life expectancy in Russia and its dynamics

According to the State Statistics Committee of Russia, the average life expectancy in the country in 1997 was 60.89 years for men and 72.75 years for women. After a sharp drop in this indicator in the first half of the 1990s. - for men by almost 6.2 years, for women - by 3.1 years - in the last two years, life expectancy began to increase, and quite quickly. In just three years, 1995-1997, it increased by 3.3 years for men and 1.6 years for women. Perhaps this is not a short-term fluctuation of the wave, but the beginning of a new trend, evidence of our people overcoming the state of shock and adapting it to the new economic and social realities of life. Nevertheless, the average life expectancy of our population remains relatively low compared to most economically developed countries and even a number of developing ones (see table 6.6).

In 1995, out of 196 countries for which the UN calculates average life expectancy (or receives data from countries), Russia ranked 140th in life expectancy for men and 100th in terms of life expectancy for women. Such a lag cannot be justified by any "objective" reasons.

Table 6.6 Average life expectancy population (for newborns) in Russia and certain countries of the world in 1997

Countries	Infant mortality rate, ‰	Average life expectancye 0			Difference(years)
		Men	Women
Great Britain
Germany
Costa Rica
Argentina
South Korea