Drilling rigs for drilling water wells. Drilling wells with a small-sized installation. This is not surprising, because it has its own advantages.

Diet and fitness

The presence of a well on the site of a country house or cottage is an important condition for a comfortable stay of people here. To create a source of water, special equipment is used. Gaining more and more popularity every year drilling rig. The cost of work with her participation is relatively inexpensive.

The presented equipment is used both for personal purposes and for the organization of professional activities. In order to properly operate the unit for various purposes, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with its main characteristics and installation rules.

Application area

mini drilling rig designed to create wells, as well as search for water and geological studies of the area. This is modern equipment that can be used both in professional activities and for private purposes. With the help of the installation, it is possible to create a source of drinking and technical water. Also, with the help of the presented technique, recesses for foundation piles are created.

Most often, the presented equipment is used for drilling a well on an Abyssinian well or sand. It can be used on clay soils and earth with increased hardness.

Types of equipment

Drilling rig has high performance. Due to this, rocks can be destroyed by various methods. Depending on the type of terrain, one or another method is distinguished. There are vertical, horizontal and directional drilling.

According to the method of penetration, complex, percussion and rotational modifications of the installation are distinguished. In this case, the type of well can be exploratory, technical or operational.

Also presented equipment is different running gear. There are autotractor, portable and stationary equipment. According to the type of drive, drilling rigs are hydraulic, mechanical, electric. In the latter case, the gearbox starts when the equipment is connected to the network. The hydraulic small drilling rig uses a hydraulic pump with a special working fluid. Mechanical installations work through cardan or gear drives, a mechanism with gears.

Equipment device

mini drilling rig has certain design features. If desired, such equipment can be assembled with your own hands or purchased. Renting of drilling equipment is very popular today. Each owner of suburban real estate can choose an acceptable option for themselves.

The small-sized installation incorporates a swivel. It transmits the driving moment to the rotating drill stem from the motor. The swivel ensures the exit of the waste rock after it is flushed out of the well. It has a moving part in its body. Rods are firmly fixed inside this element.

The equipment has a sealed pipe. Through it, fluid is supplied for flushing into the well. Various modifications of the presented device allow you to choose the best unit for site conditions.

Swivel

They have in their design, as already mentioned, a swivel. The life of the equipment directly depends on the quality of this element. The swivel is not very complex design. However, when buying the presented equipment, it is necessary first of all to evaluate this element of the unit.

During operation, the swivel receives a significant mechanical load. This structural element must be created exclusively from high-strength steels and alloys. There must be a minimum clearance between all moving parts of the equipment.

If the swivel and other structural elements are assembled poorly, literally after a couple of drilling cycles, the equipment may fail. Therefore, it is worth purchasing units from trusted manufacturers in order to avoid trouble in the process.

Main characteristics

They have a certain set of characteristics. They indicate the advantages of the presented technique. First of all, users note the small weight and dimensions of the unit. This allows you to install them in almost any area.

Also, the presented equipment has a simple design. This increases its reliability, maintainability and ease of maintenance. The design allows you to simply disassemble the small-sized drilling rig, mount it in a basement, garage or other enclosed space.

The ease of installation of the installation is noted, as well as the possibility of its transportation in a car trailer. Works with the participation of the presented equipment are carried out accurately and quickly.

During the operation of the unit, the user can connect it to the household network (220 V). Power consumption is from 2 to 3 kW. Works are carried out at ambient temperature from +40 to -30 ºС.

Choice of construction type

It can be carried out by different methods. This depends on the choice of equipment. Today, 4 main types of units are most often used. Drilling is carried out using percussion-rope, auger, rotary, as well as manual rotary installation.

The first category of equipment has a triangular base and frame. The working element is a cable with a chisel attached to it. Screw-type units are also quite common. Flushing the well with water in this case is not required. Units of this type allow you to get the soil using an auger.

Rotary installations perform the functions assigned to them with the help of hydraulic drilling. Their design is extremely simple. They don't have an electric motor. Instead, the motor replaces the hand lever. However, to carry out drilling, the master with the help of this unit has to make a lot of physical effort. Therefore, such equipment is used rarely and for limited purposes.

Installation of equipment

Can be produced independently. To do this, you will need to perform a number of actions. If the master decided to use a shock-rope installation, you will need to install a bed. It will raise and lower the projectile.

If the equipment does not have a geared motor for winding the cable onto a spool, you must install it yourself. This greatly simplifies the drilling process. A weighting agent must be tied to the cable. The weight of the cartridge must be at least 80 kg.

To effectively clean the bottomhole from the soil, a structural element such as a "glass" is used. This is a thick-walled steel pipe, which has sharp teeth at the bottom. A rope is attached at the top of the "glass". The entire cartridge usually has lengths from 1 to 1.5 m.

Popular Models

Small drilling rig, price and the quality of which are perfectly correlated, allows users to decide on the arrangement of the well. Installations of domestic production are very popular among consumers.

For drilling a well up to 70 m deep, users choose the RB-50/220 unit. This is piston equipment, the cost of which is from 80 thousand rubles. If you want to create wells up to 100 m deep, you should give preference to the RB100/380 model. The motor power is 4.2 kW. This is professional grade equipment. The price of this unit is about 120 thousand rubles.

For small wells up to 15 m deep, you can purchase auger drill UBK-12/25. The price of new equipment is from 200 thousand rubles.

If you want to use the installation not only for creating water wells, but also for installing piles, arranging the foundation, you should purchase the PM-23 equipment. The cost of the equipment is 110 thousand rubles.

If there is no centralized water supply in the village in which your country house is located, then sooner or later the question of organizing water supply will definitely arise. The best option is to make a well, but this will require a special installation. Next, we will look at what small-sized well drilling rigs are and how you can make them yourself.

Of course, you can not get involved with this work at all and hire specialists. However, the price for their services varies depending on the ground conditions and can be up to $200 per meter, which is far from affordable for everyone. Therefore, if you are familiar with locksmith work, then it makes sense to do the work yourself.

In addition, having a homemade drilling rig is also a great way to earn extra money, especially if your site is located in a holiday village under construction. Moreover, the device can be used not only for drilling wells, but also for the implementation of a pile foundation.

Drilling technologies

Before starting work on the manufacture of the structure, one should consider what technology can be used to drill wells with a small-sized installation.

There are two most common methods:

Rotational;
Rope percussion.

Now let's look at the features of each of them.

Note! Before choosing the type of structure, it is necessary to determine the approximate depth of the ground horizon. To do this, measure the depth of wells in neighboring areas.

In the photo - self-drilling auger

Rotational method

This principle is reminiscent of making holes in the ice, which are made by fishermen in winter - the drill is deepened into the ground by rotation, after which it is pulled out to the surface along with the soil.

Small rigs designed for rotary drilling only drill soft ground to a relatively shallow depth.

If you want to make the installation more powerful, you will have to comply with the following conditions:

The weight of the structure in working condition must be at least 1500 kg.
The mechanism must be implemented on hydraulics.
The height of the telescopic mast must be at least 5 meters.

Of the minuses of this design, the following points can be distinguished:

The complexity of manufacturing;
Less mobility;
Manufacturing is expensive.

As for the advantages, it can be distinguished that well drilling with portable installations of this type can be performed at an angle. In addition, it is possible to penetrate the aquifer more accurately than with percussive drilling.

Advice! If the well is supposed to be at a shallow depth, then you can do the drilling yourself without using the installation. To do this, you only need a drill with extensible rods, which can be rotated by two people.

percussive drilling

The situation with impact drilling is much simpler. This technology appeared thousands of years ago in China.

Instructions for making a well in this way are extremely simple:

A chisel is thrown into the ground along guides from a certain height.
Then the chisel is lifted with the help of cables that are attached to it. For lifting, you can use an engine of sufficient power.
Then the operation is repeated, and so on until the well reaches the required depth.

The advantages of this design are as follows:

The drilling rig is quite compact.
The design is reliable and has a good margin of safety.
Shock-rope drilling of wells with small-sized installations can be performed by one person, however, it is better to get the soil out of the drill together.
You can drill to great depths. On simple soils, the well can reach 100 meters.
The technology is extremely simple and does not require any additional costs, for example, for drilling fluid or a pump.
In one blow, the well can deepen up to a meter, but most often it is 20-40 cm, which is also not small.

True, it cannot be said that this method is fast. It may take a week to complete a 40-meter well. Now let's take a closer look at the device of a small-sized installation.

Installation design

At the heart of the simplest drilling rig, regardless of its type, is a tripod. Its height is usually up to five meters. At the very top of the structure there is a rope winch or a rope block, with the help of which the drill or chisel is raised to the surface by an electric motor.

Ordinary pipes can be used as materials for the tripod. If the well is carried out with a small-sized installation using the auger method, then it will be necessary to perform a drill with extension rods, which are usually fixed by a threaded method.

The rod is a device designed to transmit rotation from the engine or hands to the drill. Rods can be up to 1.8 meters long. When the structure sinks to the level of the soil, without reaching the required depth, its length is increased with the help of the next rod.

Separately, it should be said about the storm itself, which can be of several types:

- is a steel rod with a pointed end. A pair of knives are welded to it, at a distance of about 200 mm from the sharp tip, which can be made from halves of a steel disk about 100-150 mm thick. Knives are welded at a slight angle to the horizontal - about 20 degrees.
spoon- is a steel cylinder, with a longitudinal spiral slot. The drill spoon can be rolled up from sheet steel or made from a pipe by making a slot.

Note! The drill must be made in such a way that it plunges into the ground when rotating clockwise.

If a water well with a small-sized installation will be performed by a cable-impact method, then a chisel is needed, which can be made from a steel pipe with a special cutting device at the end. In this case, the cutting edge should be made in such a way that it resembles a half turn of the screw.

Advice! The chisel should be cleaned from the ground every one and a half meters of the recess.

Conclusion

All elements of a small installation designed for drilling wells are easy to do on your own. To do this, you only need to have the skills to work with a welding machine and a grinder. Otherwise, this issue is quite solvable.

For more information on this topic, see the video in this article.

Today, many owners of country houses want to have their own source of clean water. Especially popular are wells that can be drilled almost anywhere where there is an aquifer. The technology of forming such a system involves the use of special mechanisms. There are several types of such devices, among which boreholes can be distinguished. It is quite easy to get acquainted with the technical characteristics of these devices on specialized sites.

Peculiarities

A water well is a small cylindrical structure, reinforced with a special rigid frame. The formation of such systems is carried out using drilling rigs. Technically, these devices consist of several mechanisms interconnected by various fasteners. Drilling rigs have appeared for a very long time, as various minerals were mined with their help. The extraction of water with their help has been practiced not so long ago, especially in the private sector. Drilling rigs allow you to solve such basic tasks as:

formation of holes of small diameter. They are used to solve small engineering problems;
drilling of exploratory wells. They are used to obtain information about the state of soils, aquifers;
drilling wells for the purpose of finding or extracting liquid or gaseous minerals, such as oil;
drilling of water wells. These mechanisms are relatively simple. This applies to structures that are used to form shallow holes.

Wells of this type can have different depths. Depending on this, several types of wells are distinguished.

Tubular well. This is the smallest well, having a depth of no more than 12 m. Only the upper aquifers are used as a water source. After drilling, this hole will not be able to get dirt, leaves or other debris.

Well in the sand. Deepening of medium depth, which can reach no more than 30 m. The service life of such a system is about 15 years. In this case, the well may periodically become clogged with sand, and it will need to be cleaned.

Artesian well. The depth of such a "well" can exceed 100 m, so special technologies and mechanisms are used to drill such holes. Drilling rigs of this type are characterized by high power and complexity. But such water sources can be exploited for 50 years already.

The design of drilling rigs may differ depending on the origin. Regardless, such mechanisms have the following common elements:

frame- both a metal structure and a self-propelled car or other complex system can act as a support. The strength of such an element is determined depending on the maximum drilling depth;
drilling device- these elements are a system of mechanisms that set in motion the drill itself or another object that destroys the soil. When drilling, several types of tools can be used that are intended for certain soil layers;
drive unit- technically, this device can be either an electric or diesel engine, or the physical strength of a person.

Many well drilling rigs have a more complex structure, as they consist of various auxiliary units.

Kinds

Drilling machines are a highly demanded product in the market. The scope of their application can be both industrial and domestic. Depending on this, such mechanisms can be divided into several types.

Industrial. Such machines are used for drilling deep wells. They are characterized by high power and performance. Very often they are used with various auxiliary equipment. Similar mechanisms are used in the formation of oil wells. A prominent representative can be a floating platform equipped with a powerful drilling machine.

Mobile. Drills of this type are intended for the formation of wells for water. They are equipped with low-power drives (electric motors and others), with which you can create a hole up to 100 m deep.

Manual. They are the simplest designs that can be used to drill relatively shallow wells up to 15–20 m, depending on the type of soil. These homemade small mechanisms are used in the domestic sphere.

If desired, they can be built manually from improvised materials.

Depending on the drilling technique, the machines are divided into several more groups.

Shock rope

The formation of wells occurs with the help of a special cartridge, which is made in the form of a kind of pipe with a pointed end. The destruction of the soil occurs under the own weight of the device. To increase the impact energy, the bowl is specially raised to a certain height above ground level. Among the minuses, one can single out low permeability and the impossibility of organizing fairly deep wells. Shock-rope models are used in everyday life for digging wells.

But it should be noted that such mechanisms can work even on rocky soils, which is not always possible with other tools.

Auger

They are one of the most common types of machine tools. As a drill, augers of various shapes and sizes are used. The simplest models can even be used by hand. The drill is placed in a rotary way into the ground, which leads to crushing of the material, while the soil is located between the blades. To remove it, the working body is periodically removed and cleaned of dirt. The units are set in motion both manually and with the help of various types of engines.

Handheld models can be light in weight, making them compact and easily portable. But if you drill rocky soils with an auger, then its efficiency can drop significantly.

rotary-rotary

Machines of this class are characterized by high productivity, as they allow you to pass the ground relatively quickly and efficiently. Technically, the design consists of a vertical pipe and a cutting body. When the knife passes to the fracture surface, water is supplied under pressure. This allows you to soften the soil and make it more pliable. Liquid is also needed here to clean the hole from the ground. This operation can be carried out in two main ways. The first involves the supply of water through the rod, and the dirt is already removed through the hole of the well itself. The second approach is the complete opposite. The well is filled with water, and the dirt itself is already removed using special equipment and sediments.

It should be noted that almost all drilling rigs have a similar structure to the previously described structure. This applies not only to devices for forming wells for water, but also to oil mechanisms. But in powerful machines, more durable materials are already used that can withstand high loads. Therefore, such equipment cannot be built independently without the use of special technologies.

Manufacturers

The popularity of drilling rigs is increasing every day, which is due to the fact that systems of this type are used to solve various problems. The production of machine tools is carried out by many companies, among which there are several of the most popular.

IzhNefteMash. The company has been manufacturing drilling equipment for over 50 years. The company's products include many names. The most popular tools of this brand are drilling submersible drainage pumps, rod equipment, mixing plants that are used for cementing mines, and many others.

"Drilling technology". This is another company with many years of experience that manufactures equipment for drilling oil and gas wells. The manufacturer produces turbodrills, screw pumps and much more. Mechanisms are distinguished by high performance and quality of work.

Geomash. The equipment of this company is used in construction, as well as for drilling wells for water. The manufacturer produces sets of self-propelled mechanisms capable of solving various problems. Many of them can form seismic and hydrogeological wells.

bauer. This German company, which has also been known on the market for more than half a century. Under the auspices of this brand, a lot of drilling rigs are produced for both industrial and construction use. It should be noted the high quality of the equipment produced, which is achieved due to the fact that the company manufactures all components for the mechanisms on its own.

The most popular machines are the Bauer BG 28 and Bauer MBG 24 models, which are used by many professionals.

Extraction of water is one of the most ancient crafts of mankind. Modern technologies allow today to drill wells with a depth of more than a kilometer.
The more complex the structure of the soil, and the further the aquifer, the more powerful the drilling rig for water wells will be needed to get to the desired mark. Our instruction, as well as the video in this article, will help you understand the methods of drilling and the types of installations used.

Types of wells and their development

Many are interested in whether it is possible or a well with their own hands. Theoretically, it is possible, but in practice, so many difficulties often arise!
Let's take a well. If groundwater is located no deeper than six meters, problems may not arise.
So:

Although, even at this depth, there may be a mass content of solid inclusions in the soil, which will greatly complicate excavation. But, in this case, you can at least dig a pit with an excavator.
And if the depth of the mine is 10-15m or more? Digging, in this case, has to be done manually, and this can become truly hard labor.
In addition to being very time consuming, this process is also time consuming. In addition, there is no guarantee that you will not end up on a sandy quicksand.
The content of sand in the water from quicksand exceeds the permissible limits. At the same time, any filter will quickly become clogged, making it difficult for water to flow into the well.

Conventional wells

A normally functioning water intake should not be arranged on a quicksand, but on a sandy aquifer. Most often, they are located at around 20-45 meters.
For a well, this is an impressive mark, and for a well, it is the minimum possible depth.
So:

Sandy layers give a smaller volume of water than calcareous, which lie much deeper. Therefore, the service life cannot be predicted.
We can only say approximately - this is 7-10 years. As soon as the limit is exhausted, it needs to be deepened, or liquidated, and a new one drilled.

Today, two methods of drilling are used: rotary and auger (see). The essence of the first is the destruction of constantly moistened rocks with a drill.
It rotates due to the force of the rotor - hence the name of the method. The rotor can be installed both on a mobile drilling rig and on a stationary one with its own engine.
The walls of the wellbore are reinforced with casing pipes, after which drilling continues with a cone bit. The deeper the drill goes, the smaller the size of the bit used. Typically, the rotary method is used for drilling to a depth of 50-55 meters.
At an average depth (from 55 to 80 m) they drill dry, using a screw method. For this, a welded pipe structure is used. You can see it in the photo at the beginning of the article.
The auger has a spiral shape, and cutters are rigidly fixed at the end. They destroy the rock, which is fed "to the mountain" by a conveyor. When hitting especially hard rocks, special drills with several cutters are used.

tubular wells

There is such a thing as . It is of small depth (up to 30 m), and with a very small diameter.
Otherwise, it is called a tubular well. It usually does not exceed two inches - and this is only 5.08 cm.
So:

To get a well of this diameter, a steel extension rod is manually driven into the ground.
Drilling wells for water with mini installations greatly simplifies this task. And the price is quite enough to buy it for personal use.

As casing pipes, in this case, ordinary gas pipes are used. They are connected by carving into a long column, which is called a "needle".
This association is caused by the first pipe with a cone-shaped tip. Its diameter exceeds the corresponding size of the pipes in order to eliminate friction and facilitate their passage through the soil.
In fact, the Abyssinian well is drilled using both of the above methods. First, the work goes dry, with the largest possible drill (2 inches).
As soon as the well reaches the level of quicksand containing water, the drill is changed to a “needle” with a tip, and alternate driving of all segments of the string begins.
A perforated pipe wrapped with a special mesh is mounted to the segment with a tip - this is a filter. All segments are interconnected by couplings, and sealed with silicone.
In principle, this technological process has much in common with conventional wells. The difference arises in connection with their dimensions: depth and diameter.

Artesian

The deepest are artesian. It is they who draw water in limestone layers.
Despite the impressive depth, water supply from an artesian well can be carried out by a conventional submersible pump, of the same power as in a well. It is mounted at the level of the nearest aquifer sandy horizon.
So:

The static water level in is set at the mark of the nearest body of water. The equilibrium of the water column is achieved due to the influence of interlayer pressure on the one hand, and atmospheric pressure on the other.
The presence of water in calcareous horizons is guaranteed by nature itself, and its level does not depend in any way on the terrain or, for example, climatic conditions.

Drilling of wells with a depth of up to three hundred meters is carried out by the shock-rope method. Its essence lies in the fact that a percussion projectile, consisting of a chisel, a rod, and a lock, is lowered into the well on a rope.
Falling from a certain height, the drilling projectile crushes the rock.
The efficiency of work in the face depends on the weight and speed of the fall of the bit, its quality and the number of strokes.
The drilling tool changes, depending on the structure of the encountered soil layers. For example, formations with hard rocky rocks are passed with the help of drill chucks.

There is another method for the development of ultra-deep wells (from 600m). To do this, there are drilling rigs for drilling water wells in a shock-rotary way.
In this case, telescopic percussion rods and a solution of bentonite clay are used, with which the walls of the well are strengthened. Usually these are mobile units based on a powerful truck or tractor.
Similar equipment is used with the same success for the development of oil wells.

Water is a basic need for absolutely every living organism on earth. Regardless of where we live, it is extremely important to have constant access to clean drinking water nearby. Of course, this resource is needed not only for domestic purposes, but much larger volumes are needed in construction, metallurgy and production.

As you can see, such a resource as water is in the highest demand in the world, so the drilling rig for water has always been the most popular. But at the same time, it should be noted that before purchasing a drilling rig for water, it is necessary to have information about the area in which the well will be drilled, what rocks prevail in this region, and also how deep the groundwater is.

The choice of drilling rig for water depending on the source

Water from underground can be artesian and groundwater. Groundwater is in close proximity to the ground. That is, the depth of an ordinary village well is quite enough. In this case, there is no need to purchase high power water drilling rigs. But at the same time, it should be noted that far from every region, groundwater is clean and suitable for long-term or even one-time use. This directly depends on the ecology of the region in which drilling is carried out. If the soil is polluted, then the soil contained in it is not only unable to saturate the water with useful minerals, but moreover, it can poison chemical compounds and bacteria that are hazardous to health and life. Therefore, before buying equipment for drilling wells for water, it is highly desirable to check the quality of the water received, because. The results of drinking contaminated water can be the most deplorable.

Artesian waters are another matter. They lie deep underground, so they are much less exposed to the harmful effects of the environment. But at the same time and for its extraction it is necessary to apply much more work. In this case, a small-sized drilling rig for water is no longer suitable, but a more powerful rig is needed for drilling wells for water, because. artesian pools are on average at a depth of 100 meters underground and deeper. For these purposes, equipment for drilling water wells 2D3 and URB 2A2 would be an ideal option. This installation will be able to make a well of the required size without any problems and will give access to the most important resource - clean water. In addition, the underwater well drilling equipment produced by our factory has high versatility, so after carrying out the work you need, you can use the machine for engineering, geological, geophysical work, as well as for mineral exploration.

"Drilling Technologies Plant" - drilling rigs for water at an affordable price!

The company "Plant of Drilling Technologies" offers everyone who wants to buy drilling rigs for water, the price of which will pleasantly surprise you. We managed to achieve the most favorable conditions for cooperation, because our company sells water drilling rigs exclusively of its own production, but at the same time, the highest quality and reliable technologies and parts are used, which guarantees the most efficient operation and long service life of each tool. In our catalog, everyone can find the most suitable machine for drilling water wells, because. we offer both mini water drilling rigs and large-sized water drilling rigs, videos and photos of which you can also see on our website.

At the same time, all that is required of you in order for the installation for drilling wells under water to be at your disposal is to contact the representatives of the Drilling Technologies Plant company in any way convenient for you. Our qualified managers will advise you on all issues of interest, as well as help you choose the best equipment for drilling wells for water, the price and capabilities of which will meet your goals and capabilities.