Subject: social studies 10th grade

Topic: “Family as a social group.”

Target:

Systematize students' knowledge about the social role, norms, values ​​of the family, interpersonal relationships in the family, ethics of family relationships, family duty, caring for family members.

Develop interest in the subject.To draw a conclusion about the functions of the family as a social institution and a small group, to reveal the causes of the family crisis in modern society and ways to overcome it;

Continue to develop the skills to analyze educational material, draw conclusions based on the knowledge gained, collect, accumulate, store, process and transmit the information received

Equipment: textbook, visuals, handouts.

Lesson type: learning new material

Methods: problematic, partially exploratory or heuristic, partially exploratory

Means of education:

1.Tutorial:
2. Interactive whiteboard.
3. Presentation
4. Media materials and Internet resources.

Lesson Plan

Organizing time

Preparing to study new material.

Studying

Checking understanding

Consolidation.

Lesson summary

During the classes:

Org moment: Setting the topic, goals and lesson plan.

The teacher activates the children's attention: today we must find out

Studying

Lesson epigraph (on the board): « Happy is he who is happy at home." . (L.N. Tolstoy)

The teacher poses the problem: “How to help a young family?”

Family - a small social group based on marriage and (or) consanguinity, whose members are connected by a commonality of life, mutual responsibility, mutual assistance, and a unique set of emotional relationships.

Marriage - a social institution that is a set of norms, standardized patterns of behavior regulating the mutual rights and obligations of spouses, relations between men and women, parents and children.

Types of marriages: monogamy is the union of a woman and a man, polygamy is polygamy.

Family types: complete, incomplete, extended

Game: Consult a lawyer

Solving problems and repeating from the 9th grade course on the Legal basis of the family.

1. The parents of citizen M., through blackmail and threats, forced citizen B. to marry their daughter. Is marriage considered legal? Justify your answer.

2. During the marriage, Sergei created his own company. During the divorce proceedings, Irina, his wife, raised the issue of dividing property, including the company owned by Sergei. He objected, citing the fact that Irina did not work during the marriage and was only involved in housekeeping. Are Irina’s demands legitimate?

3. Ermek bought a house in the village before marriage. While married, he built a garage, bought a car, and purchased furniture. What is Ermek’s personal property and what is the joint property of the spouses?

4. Citizen D., born in 1996, and citizen S., born in 1997, decided to get married, but they were denied registration. Is the refusal justified?

Conclusion: You have successfully completed the tasks, we have reviewed the legal foundations of the family. You must register your marriage with the registry office and know your rights in the event of a divorce.

Logical minute (solving riddles)

1. In a friendly, large and happy family - seven brothers have one sister. Match the master key to the lock - how many sisters are there in this family? (one)

2. Two fathers and two sons bought three oranges. Everyone got one, no one was left without a piece of fruit. How could this be? How could they divide it like that? (grandfather3, father and son bought the oranges).

Family functions: each satisfies individual and social needs

Specific:

Reproductive

Educational

Economic security

Look at diagram 10 whatsatisfies individual and social needs

“Solving problem situations.

Family relationships. Family education.

Situation 1. Mother asks her son to take out the trash. He doesn’t react and continues to watch TV. When the father appears at the door, the son jumps up and takes out the trash. How did mom feel? What do you think at such a moment?

Situation 2.

Are you going to the cinema or something? I know with whom. - says the parent

And what not?

Do you know how such walks end?

How is your daughter feeling? What way out of the situation would you suggest?

Conclusion: The ability to communicate is one of the main features of family education. We must learn to understand our relatives, be patient, and share responsibilities equally. You need to take the position of your parents, understand them and listen to their arguments.

Non-specific:

Economic

Primary social control

Social status

Spiritual communication

Emotional-psychological

Leisure

In the modern family, changes have occurred in marital and family relations. The most common form of modern family is the nuclear family (parents and dependent children)

Select from the functions those that play a special role in your opinion -

Moral and legal

personal

The main thing for the state and society as a whole is to provide the opportunity to best perform its functions

Project on the topic: “How to help a young family?”

Problems in society:

The difficult demographic situation is determined by the crisis of the family institution. There has been a tendency to reduce children in the family. The number of unregistered marriages is increasing. The number of registered marriages is decreasing. Mortality still exceeds the birth rate, but there is a trend towards a decrease in mortality and an increase in the birth rate. The main age of mothers is from 18 to 30 years old. After marriage, young families face many problems. Many noted that the main problem is the problem related to housing and few families can afford to buy their own apartment. The mortgage lending program is not at all effective, because... this amount is not enough to buy a home, and young families do not have additional funds. Also, even those who take out these loans cannot always repay them. The next problem is the child. Many would like to have one, because children help strengthen the family, but uncertainty about the future and lack of support from the state give rise to fear about whether the parents will be able to provide for the baby. Of course, the state is taking action to improve the demographic situation in the country by issuing benefits to mothers, both one-time and when the child reaches 1 year of age, but in most cases this again turns out to be ineffective. There is a problem of mutual understanding between spouses, as well as with parents. Also a big problem is employment and education

Solution:

1. A housing program that provides preferential housing to families planning to have two or three or more children.

2. Increase cash benefits for children

3. Create a preferential tax program for young families.

4. Create a service for employment and retraining of young specialists in order to help young spouses find work.

5. Make a young family a more secure unit of society (provide the possibility of state insurance in case of unemployment to repay the loan)

6. Oblige the employer to provide “Parenting time”

7. Introduce a “Fundamentals of Family Life” course at school for high school students.

8. Create a service for psychological assistance and family support.

9. Develop a system of preschool institutions.

Conclusion: The family as a social institution of society will not lose its significance and will retain its value and significance in people’s lives. Therefore, getting married, starting a family, having children and raising children will continue to be of great importance for each person personally.

IV. Reflection.

What did you learn about in the lesson? Did you like the lesson? What exactly did you like?

Teacher: The roots of goodness and morality are born and sprout in the family. Parents are at the origins. The future of the children will depend on how they treat a woman - a mother, a wife, a daughter, and that they will be able to take positive things from their families.

Let's return to the epigraph of the lesson. How do you understand Tolstoy's words? What did you take away from today's lesson?

Homework: write a reflective essay:“How do I see my future family” or“The family is the crystal of society” (V. Hugo)

Teacher: In conclusion, I would like to remind you of the popular wisdom that a person is the creator of his own happiness. To build a family, find your happiness, and give it to your loved one, you need constant and tireless work of the “soul.”

Prepared by history teacher Klysheva Ainamgul Kamataevna

State Institution "Boris-Romanov Secondary School" of the Akimat of the Kostanay district of the Kostanay region.

In sociology, the family is considered both as a small social group and as an important social institution. As a small group, it satisfies the personal needs of people, and as an institution, it satisfies the socially significant needs of society.

The family is an important element of the social structure of society, one of its subsystems, the activities of which are regulated both by marriage and family legislation and moral norms, customs, traditions, etc.

The family performs certain functions. Family functions are understood as the way in which the life and activity of the family and its members manifest themselves. These functions have changed over the course of history: they are determined by the socio-economic characteristics of society.

Family functions:

Reproductive (from Latin productio - production) - biological reproduction of the population at the social level and meeting the need for children at the personal level.

Socialization is the formation of an individual as a personality.

Household - housekeeping, caring for children and elderly family members.

Economic - material support for minors and disabled family members.

Social status - providing a certain social status to family members (granting hereditary statuses - nationality, religion, etc.), reproduction of the social structure of society.

Emotional - providing psychological support to family members.

Protective - physical, economic, psychological protection of family members.

Spiritual and moral - development of the personality of each family member.

Leisure - organization of rational leisure, mutual enrichment of the interests of family members.

The life cycle of a family consists of several stages:

1. Marriage, the beginning of childbearing, the birth of the last child. (Fig. 1)

Rice. 1. Marriage

2. Marriage and separation of the last child from the family. (Fig. 2)

Rice. 2. Marriage of a child

3. Death of one of the spouses. (Fig. 3)

Rice. 3. Death of a spouse

Types of families:

1. By the nature of the marriage: monogamous and polygamous.

A monogamous family is based on the marriage of one man with one woman; with polygamy, there is a marriage of one spouse with several persons of the opposite sex: (Fig. 4)

Rice. 4. Polygyny - marriage of one man with several women ()

Rice. 5. Polyandry - marriage of one woman with several men (Tibetan family) ()

2. By composition: individual (one marriage group) and “composite” (two or more marriage groups).

3. By the nature of the supremacy of power in the family: patriarchal (controlled by the father or one of the brothers), matriarchal (controlled by the mother) and “democratic” (equality of spouses). (Fig. 6, 7)

Rice. 6. Patriarchy ()

Rice. 7. Matriarchy ()

The initial basis of family relationships is marriage. Marriage is a historically changing social form of relations between a woman and a man, through which society organizes and sanctions their intimate life, establishes conjugal, parental and other related rights and responsibilities.

Individuals who marry become related to each other, but their marriage obligations bind a much wider circle of people.

Kinship ties (kinship) are relationships that arise during marriage or are the result of a blood connection between persons (fathers, mothers, children, etc.).

In the Russian Federation, legal relations in the field of family, motherhood, paternity and childhood are regulated by a special branch of law - family law. Its sources are the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Family Code of the Russian Federation, which came into force in 1996.

The regulation of family relations by Russian legislation is carried out in accordance with the following principles:

Voluntary marriage between a man and a woman;

Equality of rights of spouses in the family;

Resolution of intra-family issues by mutual agreement;

The priority of family education of children, concern for their well-being and development;

Ensuring priority protection of the rights and interests of minors and disabled family members.

In modern society, the family is experiencing qualitative changes associated with global social processes of industrialization and urbanization, which are unusual in pre-industrial (traditional, agrarian) society. It can be noted that today there are processes of transformation of the family as a social institution, changes in some of its functions, and redistribution of family roles.

In particular, we can highlight the following trends in the development of the modern family:

Reducing the leading position of the family in the socialization of individuals and in organizing their leisure time;

A change in the position of a woman in the family, due to the growth of her authority in society;

Reducing the number of patriarchal families;

Development of a partnership-type family, in which spouses jointly manage the household, raise children, and provide mutual support;

Destruction of a multigenerational (extended, related) family;

Predominance of the nuclear family;

Separation of the institutions of marriage and family, an increase in the number of de facto, but not legally formalized, “free” family unions and children born in them;

An increase in the number of divorces, remarriages, single-parent families and the number of abandoned children.

In modern conditions, a special role in the development of family relations can be played by the state, which is interested in preserving and strengthening the institution of the family.

Bibliography

1. Bogolyubov L.N., Lazebnikova A.Yu., Kinkulkin A.T. Social studies, 11th grade. - M.: 2008. - 415 p.
2. V. Ya. Khutorskoy. Social science. Terms and concepts. - M.: 2006.
3. Kravchenko A.I. "Social studies", 11th grade. - M: “Russian Word”, 2011.

1. Social science ().
2. Internet portal Set-3945.znaet.ru ().
3. Sociology ().

Homework

1. Read the textbook Bogolyubov L.N., Lazebnikova A.Yu., Kinkulkin A.T. Social studies, grade 11 and give answers to questions 1-6 on p. 112.
2. Define these concepts: family and marriage as a social institution.
3. What changes do you think the modern family is going through? Give your own examples.
4. Complete the tasks in the textbook Bogolyubov L.N., Lazebnikova A.Yu., Kinkulkin A.T. Social studies, grade 11 1-5 on p.
5. Read the textbook Bogolyubov L.N., Lazebnikova A.Yu., Kinkulkin A.T. Social studies, grade 11 and complete the assignments for it on p. 112-113.

The family is the primary unit of society, the first social circle of people: here a person first enters into social relations - family relations between parents and children.

Family is a circle of stable relationships based on marriage between husband and wife and on consanguinity between parents and children, brothers and sisters. Family members are connected by common property and everyday life (living together and running a household), moral responsibility and mutual assistance. Family relationships are thus both natural (biological) and social (social). Human biology is unchanged, but social relationships change, and family forms change with them.

In prehistoric times, the family united only blood relatives: brothers, sisters, and their children. What about husbands? They were not part of a consanguineous family. Two friendly clans (families) entered into a “marriage alliance”: men of one clan entered into marriage relations with women of another clan. Such relationships were fragile, so men in the female clan were accepted as guests, the children remained in the maternal clan. Over time, the marital relations of individual couples became more stable, and the first, still very weak, element of selectivity appeared. However, men are still guests in the family of their marriage partners. They, men, belong to another allied clan. A consanguineous family was headed by a woman, and the corresponding historical period is called matriarchy.

Patriarchal family

With the advent of private property and the accumulation of wealth, the question of inheritance arose. It was important for the man to eliminate all doubts regarding the origin of his heirs. Arises patriarchal a family where the power of the head of the family extends to his wife (or several wives), children, domestic slaves and female slaves. The patriarchal family existed not only, say, in slave-owning Rome, but also in the Russian pre-revolutionary village. There were, of course, no slaves here, but there were sons, their wives, their children, unmarried daughters, and elderly and infirm parents. The patriarchal family performed the productive function as the basic unit of agricultural production.

In the Middle Ages, a monogamous (monogamous) family was formed, with a stable connection between husband and wife. In such a family, the man's power becomes less rigid, the woman receives a more honorable and free position. With the development of industry and cities, the family loses its production functions; it is now occupied with raising children, organizing everyday life and consumption.

Nuclear family

The loss of the family’s production function accelerated the process of narrowing the family, its fragmentation, and getting rid of “extra” relatives, who, however, are happy to live with their own family. Today, most families consist of a husband, wife and their children, most often minors. Such a family is called nuclear (from the Latin nucleus - core). Profound changes in family relations in industrial and post-industrial countries occurred during the 20th century due to the greatly changed position and role of women in society. The national economy required female labor, and the woman received her own source of existence, independent of her husband. Her economic dependence on her husband either weakens or is abolished altogether. The woman received the freedom to control her own destiny. Now she is kept in marriage by common children, spiritual and sexual intimacy with her husband, his cordial respectful attitude towards her, and his willingness to take some of the household chores off her shoulders.

In the second half of the 20th century, a radical breakdown of a number of ethical family values ​​took place, and the ethics of family relationships changed. Firstly, the value and even the immutability of an officially registered marriage decreases; There are many families where the husband and wife do not register their marriage, believing that in this way they maintain freedom. Such families can be both fleeting and very lasting. Secondly, the moral principle according to which the wife is given to her husband, and the husband to his wife for life, has been archived. Even the church is forced to abandon this principle. Today Anna Karenina would calmly leave her husband for Vronsky, and no one would condemn her. Thirdly, attitudes towards extramarital sexual relations have changed; they are no longer taboo. At the same time, society looks at women who have illegitimate children and at such children themselves in a new way. Single mothers are not condemned, and their children are not disadvantaged in any way in their social position. Do such dramatic changes undermine or strengthen the strength of the family? They both undermine and strengthen. Families are undermined if they are based not on the free choice of spouses, but on some kind of dependence of one spouse on the other. It is difficult for such families to survive in the new conditions. On the contrary, families that arose by the free choice of spouses do not experience any pressure to break up from external circumstances.

The massive breakdown of families is currently a worldwide phenomenon. In some countries, the number of divorces is equal to the number of marriages. What are the reasons for this phenomenon? In addition to the reasons already mentioned, I will name the following.

Firstly, in modern conditions, a young man enters an independent life earlier than his parents once did. In Western European countries, children, barely reaching the age of 17-18, leave their parents' home and live an independent life. They enter into hasty marriages, which most often break up after a short time.

Secondly, all kinds of social vices are widespread, in particular drunkenness and drug addiction. Many who suffer from such vices make family life unbearable. Due to the drunkenness of a husband or wife, for example, many families break up.

Thirdly, the main interests of many spouses lie not in the family, but outside it: in the service, in business, in social activities. The family and home become only a “bedroom,” which alienates the spouses from each other.

The crisis of family relations is especially affected in demographic terms: Russia is dying out, that is, the number of people who have died exceeds the number of people born. On average, we have one and a half children per family, and to maintain population balance we need 2.3. The consequences can be catastrophic: a country with a small population will not be able to hold onto vast territories; there may soon be a shortage of working-age population; there will be no one to feed the children and the elderly.

Society and the state are interested in strengthening the family, since the well-being and prosperity of society largely depends on it. The task of protecting and strengthening the family is solved by family legislation.

Question

Create a budget for your family:

• a) by source of income;
• b) by items (directions) of expenses: food, clothing, apartment, culture.

The family is an integral unit of society, and it is impossible to reduce its importance. Not a single nation, not a single somewhat civilized society could do without a family. The foreseeable future of society is also unimaginable without family. For every person, family is the beginning of beginnings. Almost every person associates the concept of happiness, first of all, with family: happy is the one who is happy in his home.

The classic definition of family is that family is a small social group, whose members are connected by marriage, parenthood and kinship, a common life, a common budget and mutual moral responsibility.

Family-unit (small social group) of society, the most important form of organizing personal life, based on marital union and family ties, i.e. relationships between husband and wife, parents and children, brothers and sisters, and other relatives living together and running a common household on the basis of a single family budget. Family life is characterized by material and spiritual processes. Generations of people change through the family, a person is born into it, and the family continues through it. The family, its forms and functions directly depend on social relations as a whole, as well as on the level of cultural development of society. Naturally, the higher the culture of society, therefore the higher the culture of the family. The concept of family should not be confused with the concept of marriage.

The main purpose of the family- meeting social, group and individual needs. Being the social unit of society, the family satisfies a number of its most important needs, including the reproduction of the population. At the same time, it satisfies the personal needs of each member, as well as general family (group) needs.

The family is one of the most ancient social institutions. It arose much earlier than religion, the state, the army, education, and the market.

Thinkers of the past approached the definition of the nature and essence of the family in different ways. One of the first attempts to determine the nature of marriage and family relations belongs to the ancient Greek philosopher Plato. He considered the patriarchal family to be the unchanging, original social unit, since states arise as a result of the unification of families. However, Plato was not consistent in his views on the family. In his “Ideal State” projects, in order to achieve social cohesion, he proposed the introduction of a community of wives, children and property. This idea was not new. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus in his famous “History” notes that the community of women was a distinctive feature of a number of tribes. Such information is found throughout the ancient era.

Aristotle, criticizing the projects of the “Ideal State,” develops Plato’s idea of ​​the patriarchal family as the original and basic unit of society. In this case, families form “villages,” and the combination of “villages” forms a state.

The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, developing problems of moral and civil philosophy, refuted the view of marriage as something unclean, devoid of holiness, wanting to return its spiritual value to the earthly institution of marriage.

The French educator Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote: “The most ancient of all societies and the only natural one is the family. Thus, the family is, if you like, a prototype of political societies..."

Philosophers of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and partly even modern times, derived social relations from family relations and paid main attention to the relationship of the family to the state, and not to its characterization as a special social institution. To a certain extent, these views were shared even by the German philosophers Kant and Hegel.

Kant saw the basis of the family in the legal order, and Hegel - in the absolute idea. Note that scientists who recognize the eternity and originality of monogamy actually identify the concepts of “marriage” and “family”; the differences between them are reduced to a formal beginning. Of course, there is a close relationship between the concepts of “marriage” and “family”. It is not without reason that in the literature of the past, and sometimes of the present, they are often used as synonyms. However, in the essence of these concepts there is not only something general, but also a lot of special and specific things. Thus, scientists have convincingly proven that marriage and family arose in different historical periods. Modern Soviet sociologists define marriage as a historically changing social form of relations between a woman and a man, through which society regulates and sanctions their sex life and establishes their marital and parental rights and responsibilities.

A family is a more complex system of relationships than a marriage, since it, as a rule, unites not only spouses, but also their children, as well as other relatives or simply people close to the spouses and necessary people.

The historical view of marriage and family was established in two ways:

1) through research into the past of the family, in particular, the marriage and family structure of the so-called primitive peoples;

2) by studying the family in various social conditions.

At the origins of the first direction is the Swiss scientist Johann Bachofen, the author of the work “Maternal Right,” where he put forward the thesis about the universal historical development of primitive man from the initial promiscuous communication of the sexes (“heterism”) to maternal, and then to paternal right. Through the analysis of ancient classical works, he proved that before monogamy, both the Greeks and Asians had a state where not only a man had sexual relations with several women, but also a woman with several men.

The biggest milestone on the path to substantiating evolutionary ideas was the work of the American scientist L. Morgan “Ancient Society”. Later, K. Marx and F. Engels justified the origin and development of the family. They argued that economic relations, which form the basis of socio-economic formations, are at the same time the basis of the family. K. Marx noted that “the family must develop as society develops, and must change as society changes.” Engels showed that along with the development of society, the family, as its most important unit, under the influence of socio-economic conditions, moves from a lower to a higher form.

V.I. Lenin also noted that socio-economic relations have been and will be the determining factor in the development of the family. This means that the family is a product of historical development, and each socio-economic formation has marriage and family relations unique to it.

From the middle of the 20th century, a stage began in the development of family sociology, which was called the “period of building a systematic theory.” It was from this time that the accumulation of a large amount of empirical data on numerous aspects of marriage and family relations began. The rapid development of electronic computing technology has made it possible to more deeply and seriously analyze the data obtained.

The issue of the family during this period becomes more and more relevant, which is associated with the beginning of destabilization of the family and marriage. The number of research centers is increasing. First in the USA, then in England, Austria, Canada, the Netherlands, Finland, France, Sweden, etc. Later - in the USSR and Eastern European countries.

The existence of the family, like all social institutions, is determined by social needs. Like all social institutions, the family is a system of actions and relationships necessary for the existence and development of society. “A family is a small social group whose members are united by marriage or consanguinity, a common life, mutual assistance, and mutual and moral responsibility.”

Through the family, the unity of the social and natural in man, social and biological heredity is most fully expressed. In its essence, the family is the primary link between nature and society, the material and spiritual aspects of people’s lives.

Family life cycle- a sequence of significant, milestone events in the existence of a family - begins with marriage and ends with its dissolution, that is, divorce. Non-divorced spouses who go through all stages of the life cycle have served as an ideal type for scientists to identify the stages of the family life cycle. It is much more difficult to construct a life cycle diagram for spouses who have divorced several times and created second families.

In short, the life cycle of a family is as follows. Marriage serves as the first, or initial stage of the family. After some time, the young couple has their first child. This phase lasts from the moment of marriage until the birth of the last child and is called the family growth stage.

The second stage begins from the moment the last child is born and continues until the time when the first adult child leaves the parental family and starts his own family.

At the third stage, the process of resettlement of adult children continues. It can be very long if children are born at long intervals, and very short if the children following one another by birth year take turns leaving the family. This is called the “mature” phase. At this time, the first children to settle have their own children, and the parental family often turns into a place where grandchildren are raised.

The fourth stage is the stage of loneliness in old age, or the “fading” stage. It ends with the death of one or both spouses.

The final stage of the life cycle, as it were, repeats the first - the married couple is left alone with themselves. The only difference is age - at the beginning they were a young couple, but now they are old.

There are two main types of family - extended (or multigenerational), also called traditional (classical), and modern nuclear (two-generation) family.

The family is called nuclear because the demographic core of the family, responsible for the reproduction of new generations, is the parents and their children. They form the biological, social and economic center of any family. All other relatives belong to the periphery of the family. If they all live together, then the family is called extended. It expands through 3–4 generations of direct relatives. A nuclear family can be complete or incomplete. A complete family is a family in which there are two spouses, an incomplete family is a family in which one of the spouses is missing. It should be noted that a nuclear family is possible in those societies where adult children have the opportunity to live separately from the parental family after marriage.

There is also a distinction between the parental family, or the family of origin, and the procreative, or newly formed (it is created by adult children).

According to the number of children, childless women are distinguished , single-child and large families. According to the criterion of dominance in the family of a husband or wife, patriarchal and matriarchal families are distinguished, and according to the criterion of leadership - paternal (the head of the family is a man), material (the head of the family is a woman) and equalitarian (both spouses are considered equally the head of the family).

Also modern families They also differ in other ways: by the number of employed family members, by the number of children under 18 years of age, by type of housing, size of living space, type of settlement, national composition, etc.

They have two main sources of their occurrence: the needs of society and the needs of the family organization itself. Both one and the other factor change historically, therefore, each stage in the development of a family is associated with the withering away of some functions and the formation of other functions, with a change in both the scale and nature of its social activity. However, with all these changes, society at any stage of its development needs the reproduction of the population; therefore, it is always interested in the family as a mechanism for this reproduction.

So, the family can be considered as a social institution, and as a family group performing a certain social task. The following main functions of the family can be identified that contribute to the implementation of this task:

1) The reproductive function performs two main tasks: social - biological reproduction of the population, and individual - meeting the need for children.

2) Both adults and children are raised in a family. Its influence on the younger generation is especially important. Therefore, the educational function of the family has three aspects. The first is the formation of the child’s personality, the development of his abilities and interests, the transfer to children by adult family members (mother, father, grandfather, grandmother, etc.) of the social experience accumulated by society, the enrichment of their intellect, aesthetic development, the promotion of their physical improvement, health promotion and development sanitary and hygienic culture skills. The second aspect is that the family has a huge impact on the development of the personality of each of its members throughout his life. The third aspect is the constant influence of children on parents (and other adult family members), encouraging them to actively engage in self-education.

3) Performing an economic function, the family ensures strong economic ties between its members, supports financially minor and disabled members of society, and provides assistance and support to those family members who experience material and financial difficulties.

4) The restorative function is aimed at restoring and strengthening the physical, psychological, emotional and spiritual strength of a person after a hard working day. In a normally functioning society, the implementation of this function of the family is facilitated by a reduction in the total length of the working week, an increase in free time, and an increase in real income.

5) The purpose of the regulatory function is to regulate and streamline relations between the sexes, maintain the family organism in a stable state, ensure the optimal rhythm of its functioning and development, and exercise primary control over family members’ compliance with social norms of personal, group and public life.

6) The family as a social community is the primary element that mediates the connection of the individual with society: it forms the child’s idea of ​​social connections and includes him in them from birth. Hence the next most important function of the family is the socialization of the individual.

7) Sociologists have attached and continue to attach increasing importance to the communicative function of the family.

8) The leisure function organizes rational leisure and exercises control in the field of leisure, in addition, it satisfies the individual’s specific needs for leisure.

9) The social status function is associated with the reproduction of the social structure of society, as it provides (transfers) a certain social status to family members.

10) Emotional function involves receiving emotional support, psychological protection, as well as emotional stabilization of individuals and their psychological therapy.

11) The function of spiritual communication involves the development of the personalities of family members and spiritual mutual enrichment.

12) The sexual function of the family exercises sexual control and is aimed at satisfying the sexual needs of the spouses.

Family role is one of the types of social roles of a person in society. Family roles are determined by the place and functions of the individual in the family group and are subdivided primarily into marital (wife, husband), parental (mother, father), children (son, daughter, brother, sister), intergenerational and intragenerational (grandfather, grandmother, elder , junior), etc. The fulfillment of a family role depends on the fulfillment of a number of conditions, first of all, on the correct formation of the role image.

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In sociology, the family is considered both as a small social group and as an important social institution. As a small group it satisfies the personal needs of people, and as an institution it satisfies the socially significant needs of society.

The family is an important element of the social structure of society, one of its subsystems, the activities of which are regulated by both marriage and family legislation and moral norms, customs, traditions, etc.

A social group is based on marriage and consanguinity, bound by a common life and mutual responsibility.

A social institution - its activities are aimed at satisfying a number of the most important human needs.

The family performs certain functions. Family functions are understood as the way in which the life and activity of the family and its members manifest themselves. These functions have changed over the course of history: they are determined by the socio-economic characteristics of society.

Family functions:

1) Reproductive (from Latin productio - production) - biological reproduction of the population - at the social level and meeting the need for children - at the personal level.

2) Socialization - the formation of an individual as a personality.

3) Household - housekeeping, caring for children and elderly family members.

4) Economic - material support for minors and disabled family members.

5) Social status - providing a certain social status to family members (granting hereditary statuses - nationality, religion, etc.), reproduction of the social structure of society.

6) Emotional - providing psychological support to family members.

7) Protective - physical, economic, psychological protection of family members.

8) Spiritual and moral - development of the personality of each family member.

9) Leisure - organization of rational leisure, mutual enrichment of the interests of family members.

The life cycle of a family consists of several stages:

Marriage -> Beginning of childbearing - the birth of the first child -> Birth of the last child -> Marriage and separation of the last child from the family -> Death of one of the spouses.

The following family classifications are distinguished:

1) By the number of children: large families, few children and childless.

2) By the nature of the distribution of household responsibilities:
- traditional - household duties are performed mainly by the woman, but responsibility for the family to society and the main power belongs to the man;
- collectivist - responsibilities are performed jointly or in turn.

3) By related structure:
- nuclear (lat. nucleus - core) - a married couple with children;
- extended - a married couple with children and one of the relatives living with them;
- polygamous - wife with husbands or husband with wives.

4) By type of upbringing:
- authoritarian - based on the authority of parents;
- liberal - is built on the self-determination of the individual, regardless of traditions and habits;
- democratic - characterized by the gradual instilling in the child of such a trait as involvement in the destinies of other people.

The initial basis of family relationships is marriage. Marriage is a historically changing social form of relations between a woman and a man, through which society organizes and sanctions their intimate life, establishes conjugal, parental and other related rights and responsibilities.

Individuals who marry become related to each other, but their marriage obligations bind a much wider circle of people.

Kinship ties (kinship) are relationships that arise during marriage or are the result of a blood connection between persons (fathers, mothers, children, etc.).

Currently, the following types of marriage are distinguished.

Types of marriage:

1) Legal marriage is the union of a man and a woman. Voluntary union. A union entered into under certain rules established by law. A union whose purpose is to create a family. A union that gives rise to mutual personal and property rights and obligations of spouses.

2) Civil marriage is a long-term open cohabitation of a man and a woman in a legally unregistered marriage, even if they run a joint household and raise common children. Such a marriage gives rise only to the relationship of motherhood and fatherhood, which creates a certain amount of rights (for example, the right of children to inherit the property of either parent). Cohabitants (from a legal point of view, they cannot be called spouses) cannot legally inherit each other’s property.

3) A church marriage is a marriage that in Russia does not entail legal consequences from the point of view of the state and is regulated only by the norms of intra-church (canonical) law.

In the Russian Federation, legal relations in the field of family, motherhood, paternity and childhood are regulated by a special branch of law - family law. Its sources are the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Family Code of the Russian Federation, which came into force in 1996.

The regulation of family relations by Russian legislation is carried out in accordance with the following principles:

Voluntary marriage between a man and a woman;

Equality of rights of spouses in the family;

Resolution of intra-family issues by mutual agreement;

The priority of family education of children, concern for their well-being and development;

Ensuring priority protection of the rights and interests of minors and disabled family members.

In modern society, the family is experiencing qualitative changes associated with global social processes of industrialization and urbanization, which are unusual for pre-industrial (traditional, agrarian) society. It can be noted that today there are processes of transformation of the family as a social institution, changes in some of its functions, and redistribution of family roles.

In particular, we can highlight the following trends in the development of the modern family:

Reducing the leading position of the family in the socialization of individuals and in organizing their leisure time;

A change in the position of a woman in the family, due to the growth of her authority in society;

Reducing the number of patriarchal families;

Development of a partnership-type family, in which spouses jointly manage the household, raise children, and provide mutual support;

Destruction of a multigenerational (extended, related) family;

Predominance of the nuclear family;

Separation of the institutions of marriage and family, an increase in the number of de facto, but not legally formalized, “free” family unions and children born in them;

An increase in the number of divorces, remarriages, single-parent families and the number of abandoned children.

In modern conditions, a special role in the development of family relations can be played by the state, which is interested in preserving and strengthening the institution of the family.